Sustainability

29 pages, 5977 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Climate Change Mitigation: An Investigation into the Attitudes Within the UK Construction Industry

by Alex Muldoon, Amit Kant Kaushik, SeyedReza RazaviAlavi and Nima Gerami Seresht

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10152; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210152 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 783

The mitigation of climate change and its adverse consequences is highly urgent. It has produced a global response in the form of the Paris Agreement, which aims to tackle global warming and adapt to it. It has resulted in enacting the Climate [...] Read more.

The mitigation of climate change and its adverse consequences is highly urgent. It has produced a global response in the form of the Paris Agreement, which aims to tackle global warming and adapt to it. It has resulted in enacting the Climate Change Act 2008, setting a target for 2050 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There are profound implications for all sectors across the United Kingdom, and this study focuses on the construction industry. This research aims to build on the existing literature, evaluate the attitude of UK construction professionals about the achievability of the goals set, and identify methods for improvement as an industry. This investigation combines qualitative and quantitative methods to gather secondary data from the literature and primary data via a questionnaire. The analysis shows that despite climate legislation, there is a need for more significant action to meet the agreed-upon targets. Also, the construction sector and its professionals need help to achieve the set targets. This need has hampered the confidence to achieve targets within the industry. The recommendations listed in this paper illuminate the path of overcoming these obstacles and give us a way to further research how the industry can evolve and contribute toward climate change mitigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Resources and Sustainable Utilization)

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18 pages, 2423 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decision Analysis of Manufacturers’ Misreporting Behavior Considering Retailer Corporate Social Responsibility

by Jun Zhao, Tao Li, Qi Tan and Weirong Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10151; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210151 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 592

Abstract

Under the increasingly competitive environment, some manufacturers may misreport costs to boost their own profits, potentially harming the overall interests of the supply chain. Conversely, some retailers may engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) to promote sustainable development within the supply chain. Thus, [...] Read more.

Under the increasingly competitive environment, some manufacturers may misreport costs to boost their own profits, potentially harming the overall interests of the supply chain. Conversely, some retailers may engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) to promote sustainable development within the supply chain. Thus, this study considers a competitive supply chain comprising one retailer and two manufacturers, and investigates the impact of the manufacturer’s misreporting behavior on the chain supply members’ pricing decisions and performances as well as the impact of retailer CSR on the manufacturer’s misreporting behavior. When the retailer does not engage in CSR, the manufacturers’ misreporting behavior is solely influenced by misreporting factors. If the misreporting factors of both manufacturers are low, they can always benefit from their misreporting behavior. Interestingly, if one manufacturer has a high misreporting factor while the other has a low one, the manufacturer whose misreport factor is high does not misreport its cost, instead benefiting from the competitor’s misreporting behavior. When the retailer engages in CSR, the manufacturer’s misreporting behavior is influenced not only by their misreporting factors but also by the degree of product substitutability. If product substitutability is low, both manufacturers do not have an incentive to misreport their costs. If product substitutability is moderate and both misreporting factors are low, they can benefit from their misreporting behavior. However, when product substitutability is high, if one manufacturer misreports, the other will refrain from doing so. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)

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Configuration of the competitive supply chain system. Full article ">Figure 2
Sequence of events without Retailer CSR. Full article ">Figure 3
The relationship of manufacturers’ profits under scenarios NNN and NMN. Full article ">Figure 4
The relationship of manufacturers’ profits under scenarios NNN and NMM (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">τ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.4</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>, c = 0.4). Full article ">Figure 5
Sequence of events with Retailer CSR. Full article ">Figure 6
The relationship of manufacturers’ profits under scenarios CNN and CMN. Full article ">Figure 7
The relationship of manufacturers’ profits under scenarios CNN and CMM <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">τ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.4</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>, c = 0.3). Full article ">

15 pages, 974 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Alignment of Learning Outcomes in the Technique and Technology Curriculum in Serbia with Key Competencies for Lifelong Learning: A Mixed-Method Convergent Design Approach

by Snežana Vitomir Jokić, Marjana Pardanjac, Nemanja Tasić, Katarina Vignjević and Dilan Dobardžić

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10150; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210150 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 552

Abstract

This study comprehensively analyzes the alignment of the Technique and Technology curriculum for grades 5–8 in Serbia’s primary education system with key competencies for lifelong learning, following the 2018 Council of the European Union Recommendation. Using a mixed-method approach, specifically a convergent design [...] Read more.

This study comprehensively analyzes the alignment of the Technique and Technology curriculum for grades 5–8 in Serbia’s primary education system with key competencies for lifelong learning, following the 2018 Council of the European Union Recommendation. Using a mixed-method approach, specifically a convergent design as outlined by Creswell, this study combines qualitative content analysis with descriptive statistics to assess the distribution of competencies across grades. The integration of qualitative and quantitative data provides a more comprehensive understanding of the curriculum’s alignment with key competencies. Findings reveal an imbalance between theoretical and practical outcomes, particularly in digital literacy, where practical skills are prioritized over theoretical understanding. Similarly, entrepreneurial modules lack activities promoting critical thinking and initiative. The curriculum emphasizes practical skills but needs to improve its theoretical framework, especially in programming and entrepreneurial finance. It also lacks activities that develop positive attitudes, such as innovation and teamwork, which are crucial for lifelong learning. Recommendations include increasing practical Science, Technology, and Engineering (STE) projects, enhancing theoretical content in digital and entrepreneurial modules, and fostering activities that build positive attitudes. Further research is needed to track students’ attitudes towards technology and entrepreneurship across grades and to assess the impact of continuous professional development for educators on effectively integrating these competencies. Full article

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24 pages, 3758 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Empirical Analysis of the Characteristics and Determinants of the China–ASEAN Science and Technology Cooperation Network: Insights from Co-Authored Publications

by Fan Wu and Zhixu Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10149; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210149 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 626

Abstract

Regional science and technology cooperation networks are pivotal for fostering sustainable global innovation. The China–ASEAN science and technology cooperation network integrates regional innovation resources, thereby promoting the sustainable flow of innovation elements and complementing technological strengths among countries, which significantly enhances cooperation efficiency [...] Read more.

Regional science and technology cooperation networks are pivotal for fostering sustainable global innovation. The China–ASEAN science and technology cooperation network integrates regional innovation resources, thereby promoting the sustainable flow of innovation elements and complementing technological strengths among countries, which significantly enhances cooperation efficiency and outcomes. This study employs a Social Network Analysis (SNA) and the Temporal Exponential Random Graph Model (TERGM) to analyze co-authored publications between China and ASEAN countries from 2003 to 2022, constructing a cooperation network that integrates both endogenous network structures and exogenous driving factors. This study explores the distinct mechanisms through which these factors influence the formation of cooperative relationships and highlights the key features and determinants of the network. The findings reveal the following: first, the China–ASEAN science and technology cooperation network has evolved from an initial “star-shaped structure” with China and Singapore as central nodes to a more interconnected network exhibiting “small world” and “high clustering” characteristics. Second, endogenous network structures, including the number of edges, node centrality, and closed triadic structures, significantly shape the network’s evolution, with some structures inhibiting the formation of new partnerships, while an increase in shared collaborators promotes new connections. Third, the evolution of the network demonstrates both stability and variability. Fourth, human capital is a key driver of partnership formation, while higher per-capita GDP countries show less inclination to form new partnerships. Fifth, proximity factors have heterogeneous effects: linguistic proximity positively impacts the formation of partnerships, while institutional proximity negatively affects the establishment of new collaborations. Based on these findings, this paper suggests improving international cooperation mechanisms, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing the development of cross-border scientific talent. These measures aim to enhance the connectivity within the China–ASEAN science and technology cooperation network, effectively improve the utilization efficiency of regional innovation resources and technological capabilities, and promote the sharing and long-term collaboration of innovation resources within the region, thereby advancing sustainable development at both regional and global levels. Full article

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16 pages, 2858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inclusive Maritime Spatial Planning: Stakes at the Regional Level

by Marilena Papageorgiou, Georgia Pozoukidou, Theodora Istoriou and Theoni Kostopoulou

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10148; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210148 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 611

Abstract

The paper focuses on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and the importance of incorporating participatory democracy and inclusivity, from a region-wise perspective. Traditionally MSP is a top-down (central government) process. Most responsibilities, competencies and jurisdictions lie at the national level, with usually limited input [...] Read more.

The paper focuses on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and the importance of incorporating participatory democracy and inclusivity, from a region-wise perspective. Traditionally MSP is a top-down (central government) process. Most responsibilities, competencies and jurisdictions lie at the national level, with usually limited input from local or regional stakeholders. However, the growing complexity of marine activities and the need for sustainable management of the marine environment require more inclusive and collaborative approaches. In other words, it calls for a more bottom-up approach, where local and regional stakeholders are involved in a meaningful way. Drawing on the REGINA-MSP project, the study presented in this paper identifies categories of regional and local stakeholders relevant to MSP. The paper identifies seven categories of MSP stakeholders deriving from the local communities of coastal regions. Following an in depth stakeholder analysis and mapping, fishers were identified as the ones having the lowest level of engagement and degree of representativeness in the MSP process, despite being among the most traditional marine users. The general public is also considered a “weak” MSP stakeholder. Regarding regional authorities/governments (NUTS 2 level according to the EU classification), their role and voice may also need further strengthening in the—nationally driven—MSP process. Communities of Practice is a tool that may encourage and advance participation and inclusivity in MSP, especially as regards local stakeholders of coastal regions. Full article

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13 pages, 1722 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Atmospheric Pollution Depicted in Impressionists’ Paintings

by Eirini N. Avgeri and Dimitris K. Papanastasiou

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10147; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210147 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 763

Abstract

Art is perhaps the most important means of expressing creativity and imagination. It can serve as a form of communication, allowing artists to convey messages and comment on various topics. Environmental art is a dynamic and multifaceted form of artistic expression that highlights [...] Read more.

Art is perhaps the most important means of expressing creativity and imagination. It can serve as a form of communication, allowing artists to convey messages and comment on various topics. Environmental art is a dynamic and multifaceted form of artistic expression that highlights the causes and consequences of environmental problems, such as atmospheric pollution, and facilitate the environmental awareness of societies along with the need to find sustainable solutions to address environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to present paintings created by impressionists that depict atmospheric pollution. A total of 43 paintings were listed after searching the websites of 26 museums worldwide and 10 of them were indicatively selected by applying specific criteria and commented on in this paper. Four of the selected paintings were created by Claude Monet, two by Jean-Baptiste Armand Guillaumin, and the rest of them by James McNeill Whistler, Charles-François Daubigny, Camille Pissarro, and Vincent Van Gogh. These 10 paintings depict, among other things, the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, due to fossil fuel combustion, mainly coal, which contributes to smog development. This study could be exploited by authorities, associations, educational centres, and other interested parties when planning educational activities for the causes, consequences, and solutions of atmospheric pollution over time, while promoting the use of art in environmental and sustainability education. Full article

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22 pages, 3313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Biogas Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Biopolymeric Films and Potential Environmental Implications

by Nicolò Montegiove, Roberto Petrucci, Leonardo Bacci, Giovanni Gigliotti, Debora Puglia, Luigi Torre and Daniela Pezzolla

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10146; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210146 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 631

Abstract

The increasing environmental pollution resulting from plastic waste and the need to reuse agro-industrial wastes as a source of discarding has led to the development of innovative biobased products. In the frame of this context, the use of neat polylactic acid (PLA) and [...] Read more.

The increasing environmental pollution resulting from plastic waste and the need to reuse agro-industrial wastes as a source of discarding has led to the development of innovative biobased products. In the frame of this context, the use of neat polylactic acid (PLA) and its blend with polybutylene succinate (PBS) with or without cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from hemp fibers is explored here. This study aimed to assess the biogas production of different biopolymeric films. In parallel, life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis was performed on the same films, focusing on their production phase and potential end-of-life scenarios, regardless of film durability (i.e., single-use packaging) and barrier performance, to counteract possible soil health threats. Specifically, this study considered three specific systems: PLA, PLA_PBS (PLA/PBS blend 80:20 w/w), and PLA_PBS_3CNC (PLA/PBS blend + 3% CNCs) films. The assessment involved a batch anaerobic digestion (AD) process at 52 °C, using digestate obtained from the anaerobic treatment of municipal waste as the inoculum and cellulose as a reference material. The AD process was monitored over about 30 days, revealing that reactors containing cellulose showed inherent biodegradability and enhanced biogas production. On the other hand, biopolymeric films based on PLA and its blends with PBS and CNCs exhibited an inhibitory effect, likely due to their recalcitrant nature, which can limit or delay microbial activity toward biomass degradation and methanogenesis. LCA analysis was performed taking into consideration the complex environmental implications of both including biopolymers in the production of renewable energy and the use of post-composting digestate as an organic fertilizer. Remarkably, the PLA_PBS_3CNC formulation revealed slightly superior performance in terms of biodegradability and biogas production, mainly correlated to the presence of CNCs in the blend. The observed enhanced biodegradability and biogas yield, coupled with the reduced environmental impact, confirm the key role of optimized biopolymeric formulations in mitigating inhibitory effects on AD processes while maximizing, at the same time, the utilization of naturally derived energy sources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress and Evaluation Challenges of By-Product and Waste Valorization)

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22 pages, 6832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Classification of Asphalt Pavement Defects for Sustainable Road Development Using a Novel Hybrid Technology Based on Clustering Deep Features

by Jia Liang, Qipeng Zhang and Xingyu Gu

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10145; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210145 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 673

Abstract

In the rapid development of urbanization, the sustained and healthy development of transportation infrastructure has become a widely discussed topic. The inspection and maintenance of asphalt pavements not only concern road safety and efficiency but also directly impact the rational allocation of resources [...] Read more.

In the rapid development of urbanization, the sustained and healthy development of transportation infrastructure has become a widely discussed topic. The inspection and maintenance of asphalt pavements not only concern road safety and efficiency but also directly impact the rational allocation of resources and environmental sustainability. To address the challenges of modern transportation infrastructure management, this study innovatively proposes a hybrid learning model that integrates deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and support vector machines (SVMs). Specifically, the model initially employs a ShuffleNet architecture to autonomously extract abstract features from various defect categories. Subsequently, the Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (MRMR) method is utilized to select the top 25% of features with the highest relevance and minimal redundancy. After that, SVMs equipped with diverse kernel functions are deployed to perform training and prediction based on the selected features. The experimental results reveal that the model attains a high classification accuracy of 94.62% on a self-constructed asphalt pavement image dataset. This technology not only significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of pavement inspection but also effectively reduces traffic congestion and incremental carbon emissions caused by pavement distress, thereby alleviating environmental burdens. It is of great significance for enhancing pavement maintenance efficiency, conserving resource consumption, mitigating environmental pollution, and promoting sustainable socio-economic development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Road Survey and Maintenance: New Tools, Technologies and Practices)

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22 pages, 11217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Investigation of Effects of Obstacles in Flow Channels and Depth of Flow Channels for PEMFCs

by Do Yeong Jung, Dong Kun Song, Jung Soo Kim, Seung Heon Lee, Gyeong Won Min, Jong Hyun Son and Gu Young Cho

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10144; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210144 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 545

Abstract

The channel is a crucial component of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Since the channel can change the reactant transfer capability, water removal capability, and distribution of the reactant, it affects the performance and durability of PEMFCs. This study investigated the [...] Read more.

The channel is a crucial component of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Since the channel can change the reactant transfer capability, water removal capability, and distribution of the reactant, it affects the performance and durability of PEMFCs. This study investigated the effects of obstacles in the serpentine-type flow channel on the performance of PEMFCs by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The height of the obstacles was varied to analyze the electrochemical performances of the fuel cells. In addition, the depth of the flow channel was varied to compare the performances of the PEMFCs. To better represent the real-world tendency, the agglomerate model and the Forchheimer inertial effect were used. The results showed that changes in the channel depth caused greater performance improvements compared to the installation of obstacles, due to the enhanced mass transfer and improved water removal. However, the results for the installation of obstacles showed the lower non-uniformity of the current density and a reduced pressure drop compared to the changes in the channel depth, offering advantages in terms of flooding, the fuel cell life, and the operating cost. Full article

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21 pages, 956 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ranking the Barriers to the Energy Upgrading of Buildings Using the Best-Worst Method

by Fani Antoniou and Theofilos Mageiropoulos

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10143; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210143 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 817

Abstract

The global need to reduce energy demand has led European governments to accelerate their endeavors to achieve their targets regarding nearly zero-energy buildings. Despite the implementation of funding initiatives for the energy upgrading of buildings in EU member states and other European countries, [...] Read more.

The global need to reduce energy demand has led European governments to accelerate their endeavors to achieve their targets regarding nearly zero-energy buildings. Despite the implementation of funding initiatives for the energy upgrading of buildings in EU member states and other European countries, research has shown that the absorption rates of the offered funds remain low. This research aims to assess the significance of the barriers to improving the energy efficiency of Greece’s building stock. This is achieved by ranking the identified barriers using the best-worst method (BWM). The innovation provided by this study is that the data obtained are based on the experience of three categories of stakeholders, including professionals in the field, i.e., engineers and skilled workers, and homeowners. The results show that all three groups are discouraged from performing the energy upgrading of buildings due to economic barriers but also technological barriers related to a lack of training in the use of and slow development of related new technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Risk Management and Sustainable Practices in Construction)

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27 pages, 17648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Switched-Capacitor-Based Hybrid Resonant Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter for Improving Energy Harvesting in Photovoltaic Systems

by Caio Meira Amaral da Luz, Kenji Fabiano Ávila Okada, Aniel Silva Morais, Fernando Lessa Tofoli and Enio Roberto Ribeiro

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10142; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210142 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 494

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are often connected in series to achieve the desired voltage level in practical applications. A common issue with this setup is module mismatch, which can be either permanent or temporary and is caused by various factors. The differential power processing [...] Read more.

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are often connected in series to achieve the desired voltage level in practical applications. A common issue with this setup is module mismatch, which can be either permanent or temporary and is caused by various factors. The differential power processing (DPP) concept has emerged as a prominent solution to address this problem. However, a significant drawback of current DPP topologies is their reduced performance under certain conditions, particularly in cases of permanent mismatch. As a result, applications involving the DPP concept for permanent mismatches remain underexplored. In this context, the goal of this work is to develop and implement a novel DPP topology capable of increasing energy harvesting in PV systems under permanent mismatch. The proposed hybrid architecture combines features from both bidirectional buck–boost (BBB) and resonant switched capacitor (ReSC) converters. The ReSC converter operates under soft-switching conditions, minimizing undesirable losses. Key advantages of the proposed converter include fewer switches, lower voltage stress, and soft-switching operation, making it suitable for PV systems with mismatched modules. Experimental tests showed an energy harvesting improvement under the assessed conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy, Electric Power Systems and Sustainability)

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21 pages, 1379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Finance, Economic Policy Uncertainty, and Corporate ESG Performance

by Chuanhao Liu, Peng Cui, Hongxia Zhao, Zhanzhen Zhang, Yanshuo Zhu and Huijiao Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10141; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210141 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 720

Abstract

Given the increasing prevalence of global warming and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events and other challenges, countries are increasingly recognizing the importance of green and sustainable development. This paper uses the multi-period double difference and PSM-DID method to test the impact [...] Read more.

Given the increasing prevalence of global warming and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events and other challenges, countries are increasingly recognizing the importance of green and sustainable development. This paper uses the multi-period double difference and PSM-DID method to test the impact of green finance policies on the ESG performance of Chinese listed companies. Research has shown that implementing pilot zone policies can improve corporate ESG performance, especially for enterprises with low business reputations, fierce industry competition, severe information asymmetry, and state-owned attributes. The GFPZ policy drives companies to improve their ESG performance through two paths: promoting environmental innovation and strengthening restrictions on corporate financing. In addition, the increase in economic policy uncertainty hinders the positive impact of GFPZ policies on improving corporate ESG performance. This study enriches the existing micro-research on green finance policies from the perspective of enterprises. It provides empirical evidence and research insights to support the further improvement of pilot zone policies, the promotion of green sustainable development, and the improvement of corporate ESG performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Green Innovation: The Power Source of Enterprise Sustainable Development)

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17 pages, 650 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Relationship Among Ethical Leadership, Psychological Safety, Conflict Management Strategies, and Job Performance: The Moderating Role of Inclusive Environment

by Sher Bano, Jizu Li and Muhammad Imran

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10140; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210140 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 654

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between ethical leadership (EL), psychological safety (PS), conflict management strategies (CMSs), job performance, and the moderating role of an inclusive environment in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Pakistan. Data for this research were collected through quantitative means from NGOs [...] Read more.

This study examines the relationship between ethical leadership (EL), psychological safety (PS), conflict management strategies (CMSs), job performance, and the moderating role of an inclusive environment in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Pakistan. Data for this research were collected through quantitative means from NGOs operating in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. A total of 170 employees from NGOs (females = 44.7%, males = 55.3%) completed the ethical leadership, psychological safety, conflict management strategies, inclusive environment, and job performance scales. We applied structural equation modeling (SEM) for analysis. As compared with previously conducted studies, the findings determined an insignificant moderating role of an inclusive environment. Social identity theory was utilized to delve deeper into the categorization of ingroups and outgroups within the organizations. The implications of this study extend to both researchers and practitioners. Future research will include an exploration of the effectiveness of organizational interventions. Full article

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15 pages, 1587 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Possibilities of Implementing Sustainable Production of Chicken Meat by Applying an Innovative Device for Poultry Electric Stunning

by Joanna Katarzyna Banach, Ryszard Żywica, Małgorzata Grzywińska-Rąpca and Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10139; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210139 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 536

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the feasibility of sustainable chicken meat production, using good- and low-quality raw material and two different devices (own construction—OC, and a Dutch company’s—DC) for electrical stunning at the slaughter stage. A statistical analysis was also [...] Read more.

The aim of this research was to determine the feasibility of sustainable chicken meat production, using good- and low-quality raw material and two different devices (own construction—OC, and a Dutch company’s—DC) for electrical stunning at the slaughter stage. A statistical analysis was also performed to indicate which of the analyzed courses of action is the most important for the company to maintain a balance between the quality of produced meat (pH, number of hemorrhages—small and large, defectiveness, and color on the external and internal surfaces of the fillet and tenderloin), and environmental and economic aspects. It has been shown that the use of device OC for stunning poultry compared to the device DC has a positive effect on: (1) reducing the number of hemorrhages on the outer surface and inside of the fillet—mainly large hemorrhages, (2) increasing by ~50% the share of production of fillets without hemorrhages, and (3) brightening and unifying the color of the external and internal surfaces of the fillet and tenderloin. Taking the above into account, it was concluded that the goals of sustainable chicken meat production depend mainly on the type of stunning device used; therefore, it is recommended to replace the Dutch device (DC) currently used in the plant with an innovative device (OC). It is also recommended to use financial tools when concluding contracts with poultry breeders so that meat producers can implement the goals of the sustainable management policy already at the raw material stage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Resources and Sustainable Utilization)

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39 pages, 17754 KiB

Open AccessReview

An Overview of Sustainable Desalination with Freezing Crystallization: Current Development, Future Challenges, and Prospects

by Senyao Zhao, Rongjie Zhu, Jiatong Song and Han Yuan

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10138; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210138 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 610

Abstract

As global demand for freshwater grows, seawater desalination has become one of the most promising methods for obtaining freshwater. Many coastal nations have included it in their sustainable development plans and are actively advancing related technologies. Compared with traditional desalination methods, such as [...] Read more.

As global demand for freshwater grows, seawater desalination has become one of the most promising methods for obtaining freshwater. Many coastal nations have included it in their sustainable development plans and are actively advancing related technologies. Compared with traditional desalination methods, such as distillation and membrane-based desalination, seawater freezing desalination offers the benefit of producing large amounts of freshwater at lower costs. This study provides an overview of the main methods and principles of seawater freezing desalination and summarizes the latest research progress. This paper also discusses experimental and simulation studies of different principles. Current research shows that both direct and indirect seawater freezing desalination technologies have become relatively mature, laying a foundation for practical applications. Hydrate-based desalination, eutectic freezing technology, and vacuum freezing technology offer cost-reduction benefits, but existing technologies have limitations, making these areas hot topics in research. Additionally, this paper discusses the experimental progress and simulation methods associated with this, elaborates upon, and analyzes the freezing crystallization process and desalination efficiency from the perspective of the bottom layer of crystal growth, offering valuable insights for future research. It concludes by summarizing and predicting the development of these technologies, emphasizing their great potential due to their low-cost and sustainable features. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)

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36 pages, 9567 KiB

Open AccessReview

Two-Dimensional MoS₂-Based Photodetectors

by Leilei Ye, Xiaorong Gan and Romana Schirhagl

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10137; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210137 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 590

Abstract

Nanomaterials can significantly improve the analytical performance of optical sensors for environmental pollutants. Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂) exhibits some unique physicochemical properties, such as strong light–matter interactions, bandgap tunability, and high carrier mobility, which are beneficial for constructing flexible optoelectronic [...] Read more.

Nanomaterials can significantly improve the analytical performance of optical sensors for environmental pollutants. Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂) exhibits some unique physicochemical properties, such as strong light–matter interactions, bandgap tunability, and high carrier mobility, which are beneficial for constructing flexible optoelectronic devices. In this review, the principle and classification of 2D MoS₂-based photodetectors (PDs) are introduced, followed by a discussion about the physicochemical properties of 2D MoS₂, as well as the structure–property relationships of 2D MoS₂-based photoactive materials for PDs to understand the modulation strategies for enhancing the photodetection performance. Furthermore, we discuss significant advances in the surface modification and functionalization of 2D MoS₂ for developing high-performance PDs, particularly focusing on synthesis pathways, modification strategies, and underlying physiochemical mechanisms for enhanced photodetection capabilities. Finally, conclusions and research perspectives on resolving significant bottlenecks or remaining challenges are offered based on recent developments in 2D MoS₂-based PDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Sustainable Environmental Applications)

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15 pages, 635 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility: Factors Influencing E-Bike Adoption in Henan Province, China

by Xiaoyu Zhang, Ee Shiang Lim and Maowei Chen

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10136; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210136 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 683

Abstract

This study examines the key factors influencing e-bike adoption and explores how advancing e-bike usage in Henan Province, China, can foster sustainable urban transportation and contribute to urban environmental preservation. Utilizing data from an online survey, binary logistic regression analyzes the impact of [...] Read more.

This study examines the key factors influencing e-bike adoption and explores how advancing e-bike usage in Henan Province, China, can foster sustainable urban transportation and contribute to urban environmental preservation. Utilizing data from an online survey, binary logistic regression analyzes the impact of socio-demographic characteristics, perceived advantages, neighborhood environmental attributes, and vehicle ownership on e-bike usage. The findings indicate that socio-demographic factors, such as family size and occupation, significantly influence adoption, with workmen more likely than office workers to choose e-bikes. Cost savings emerged as the primary motivator for e-bike use, overshadowing environmental concerns, which unexpectedly negatively affected usage patterns. However, the presence of supportive infrastructure—particularly charging stations and dedicated lanes—proves crucial for promoting e-bike usage, highlighting the importance of accessible, environmentally supportive urban design. Vehicle ownership characteristics further illuminate how access to e-bikes correlates with regular usage. These findings suggest that, beyond cost efficiency, targeted awareness campaigns and strategic infrastructure improvements are essential for embedding e-bikes into sustainable urban transport systems. By fostering adoption and supporting e-bike infrastructure, cities can significantly reduce urban pollution, improve air quality, and advance toward sustainable mobility goals in Henan Province and beyond. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Traffic-Related Emissions to Improve Air Quality)

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20 pages, 333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Local Government Environmental Policy Innovation: Emerging Regulation of GHG Emissions in the Transportation-for-Hire Industry

by Austin Zwick, Mischa Young, Zachary Spicer and Karina Freeland

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10135; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210135 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 511

Abstract

Given that most environmental regulation is performed on the international and national scale and that municipal powers are often limited, what are the necessary conditions for local government to take on leadership and policy innovation in this space? The transportation-for-hire industry provides an [...] Read more.

Given that most environmental regulation is performed on the international and national scale and that municipal powers are often limited, what are the necessary conditions for local government to take on leadership and policy innovation in this space? The transportation-for-hire industry provides an interesting case study as municipalities around the world recently updated their local regulatory frameworks because of the disruption caused by the advent of ridehailing. Over time, policy learning resulted in policy convergence of major components, including license requirements, vehicle standards, and rate standardization, across the industry. However, overlooked from these initial regulations, but now gaining traction is the regulation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of ridehailing vehicles and the transportation-for-hire industry more generally. Because of how many transportation-for-hire vehicles are in use, activists argue that environmental fleet standards ought to be tougher than that for personal-use vehicles. This paper investigates the emerging regulatory frameworks for GHG emissions by examining four case studies of the first-mover cities (London, Amsterdam, Mexico City, and New York City) in this emerging policy space, untangling the complex web of multi-level regulatory governance to tease our policy learning outcomes. Through the innovative lens of examining multi-level governance for policy learning, we conclude that GHG emissions in the transportation industry at the local level only occurred after international and national frameworks were set, giving “permission” to local leaders to demonstrate innovation and leadership on how to achieve targets set by higher-order governments. Cities, assisted with policy-learning transfer through international not-for-profit organizations, acted via local government powers to fill in the gaps of international and national frameworks with policies implemented at higher orders of government in other places. These local environmental transportation-for-hire bylaws took a three-pronged form: (a) vehicle permit standards; (b) regulations of public space and infrastructure; and (c) public–private partnerships to assist in the transition to electric vehicles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

19 pages, 23271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Importance of Farmers’ Awareness on Ecological Revitalization to Promote Sustainable Development

by Bailiang Sun, Xin Wang, Pingping Luo, Yang Zhao and Madhab Rijal

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10134; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210134 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 515

Abstract

Implementing rural revitalization strategies requires understanding ecological revitalization, and improving farmers’ ecological awareness is crucial for promoting ecological revitalization. China’s rural ecological civilization construction is based on a theoretical foundation of Marxist ecological thought. This study examined the cultivation of ecological awareness among [...] Read more.

Implementing rural revitalization strategies requires understanding ecological revitalization, and improving farmers’ ecological awareness is crucial for promoting ecological revitalization. China’s rural ecological civilization construction is based on a theoretical foundation of Marxist ecological thought. This study examined the cultivation of ecological awareness among farmers in ecological revitalization using the literature, graphs, data statistics, and case analysis methods. A survey conducted in Gansu Province, in China, showed that more than 90% of people are satisfied with current ecosystem revitalization projects. The use of chemical fertilizer is decreasing every year, and the area of water-saving irrigation and soil erosion control has increased since implementing the Three-Year Action Plan for Rural Living Environment Improvement in 2018. The findings indicate the need for farmers to be more aware of general ecological concepts and economic development, and to participate more in ecological governance. Consequently, this study proposes policy measures such as strengthening ecological civilization ideological education, increasing investment in funds and technology, improving the relevant legal mechanisms to provide educational support for cultivating farmers’ ecological awareness, creating a cultural atmosphere, and building a solid institutional guarantee. The study has valuable implications for policymakers, industrialists, and academicians informing the development of strategies and interventions to promote farmers’ ecological awareness for rural ecological revitalization and sustainable development. Full article

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Collaborative networks analysis between countries. Full article ">Figure 2
Co-keywords network analysis. Full article ">Figure 3
Comparative historical development of rural ecological civilization in China and other countries. Full article ">Figure 4
Results from the survey by Gansu Province’s data statistics [<a href="#B18-sustainability-16-10134" class="html-bibr">18</a>]. (A): People’s satisfaction with “ecological livability” (strengthening the management of rural environmental problems and promoting a favorable rural ecological environment); (B): Changes in agricultural applications of fertilizers; (C): Water-saving irrigation and soil erosion control. Full article ">Figure 4 Cont.
Results from the survey by Gansu Province’s data statistics [<a href="#B18-sustainability-16-10134" class="html-bibr">18</a>]. (A): People’s satisfaction with “ecological livability” (strengthening the management of rural environmental problems and promoting a favorable rural ecological environment); (B): Changes in agricultural applications of fertilizers; (C): Water-saving irrigation and soil erosion control. Full article ">Figure 5
Farmers’ Ecological Awareness Incubation System. Full article ">

19 pages, 2874 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Tourists’ Preferences Determine the Direction of Sustainable Development in Mountain Landscapes?

by Magdalena Maria Malec, Agnieszka Ziernicka-Wojtaszek and Renata Kędzior

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10133; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210133 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 644

Abstract

Tourism and recreation development in naturally valuable mountain areas is a complex issue. On the one hand, it has a positive impact on the physical and mental health of modern society, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. It also contributes to the economic growth [...] Read more.

Tourism and recreation development in naturally valuable mountain areas is a complex issue. On the one hand, it has a positive impact on the physical and mental health of modern society, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. It also contributes to the economic growth of local communities, for which financial revenues from tourism are important sources of income. However, exceeding the limits of tourist absorption and improper trail management can lead to natural environment and landscape degradation. The Carpathians are marked by a dense and diverse network of tourist trails that can have an impact on biodiversity, which is often unique in this European region. The aim of the study was to determine tourists’ preferences in terms of the attractiveness and development of the mountain trails of the Carpathian region. The research was conducted using a survey on 10 main hiking trails in the Beskids. The results were compared with the inventory carried out in the field based on tourist values. The results highlight the possibility of achieving a balance between the use of tourist trails and the protection of the natural and cultural environment. Our results can be useful for the sustainable tourist management of mountain landscapes, linking nature conservation and recreation requirements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Tourism Marketing: Towards Transparent Communication to Empower Informed Decisions)

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Map of ten mountain ranges surveyed for research. The mountain ranges of the Beskid Mountains are as follows: 1—Żywiec-Orawa Beskid, 2—Bieszczady, 3—Gorce, 4—Sądecki Beskid, 5—Silesian Beskid, 6—Żywiec-Kysuce Beskid, 7—Island Beskid, 8—Low Beskid, 9—Little Beskid, 10—Maków Beskid. Full article ">Figure 2
Results of infrastructure and management of hiking trails analyses regarding studied mountain peaks in terms of specific forms of infrastructure: (a) number of tourist infrastructure elements, (b), types of surfaces, and (c) number of markings on trails. (d) (BG—Babia Góra, TAR—Tarnica, TUR—Turbacz, RAD—Radziejowa, SK—Skrzyczne, WR—Wielka Racza, MOG—Mogielica, LAC—Lackowa, CZU—Czupel, LUB—Lubomir). Full article ">Figure 3
Number of land cover forms divided into left and right sides of the route (a), and sightseeing attractions along the entire route (b). Full article ">Figure 4
Preferred type of activity (a) and most visited mountain ranges (c) in total respondents and, respectively, in four age classes (b,d). Full article ">Figure 5
Reasons for route selection in respondents in total (a) and in four age classes (b). Full article ">Figure 6
Evaluation of trail signage (a) and the infrastructure (b) on the trail. Full article ">Figure 7
Useful elements of infrastructure that are not provided on the trails (a) and elements which tourists consider to have a negative impact on the landscape (b). Full article ">

32 pages, 4948 KiB

Open AccessReview

Innovative Pathways in Carbon Capture: Advancements and Strategic Approaches for Effective Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

by Aryan Saxena, Jai Prakash Gupta, Janmejay Kumar Tiwary, Ashutosh Kumar, Saurav Sharma, Gaurav Pandey, Susham Biswas and Krishna Raghav Chaturvedi

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10132; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210132 - 20 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1421

Abstract

Due to carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels, driven by our reliance on fossil fuels and deforestation, the challenge of global warming looms ever larger. The need to keep the global temperature rise below 1.5 °C has never been more pressing, pushing us [...] Read more.

Due to carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels, driven by our reliance on fossil fuels and deforestation, the challenge of global warming looms ever larger. The need to keep the global temperature rise below 1.5 °C has never been more pressing, pushing us toward innovative solutions. Enter carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies, our frontline defense in the fight against climate change. Imagine a world where CO₂, once a harbinger of environmental doom, is transformed into a tool for healing. This review takes you on a journey through the realm of CCUS, revealing how these technologies capture CO₂ from the very sources of our industrial and power activities, repurpose it, and lock it away in geological vaults. We explore the various methods of capture—post-combustion, oxy-fuel combustion, and membrane separation—each with their own strengths and challenges. But it is not just about science; economics play a crucial role. The costs of capturing, transporting, and storing CO₂ are substantial, but they come with the promise of a burgeoning market for CO₂-derived products. We delve into these financial aspects and look at how captured CO₂ can be repurposed for enhanced oil recovery, chemical manufacturing, and mineralization, turning waste into worth. We also examine the landscape of commercial-scale CCS projects, highlighting both global strides and regional nuances in their implementation. As we navigate through these advancements, we spotlight the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to revolutionize CCUS processes, making them more efficient and cost-effective. In this sweeping review, we underscore the pivotal role of CCUS technologies in our global strategy to decarbonize and forge a path toward a sustainable future. Join us as we uncover how innovation, supportive policies, and public acceptance are paving the way for a cleaner, greener world. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Membrane Separations)

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22 pages, 5917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Supported by Coaching in the Content of Open Schooling for Sustainability

by Gabriel Gorghiu, Tony Sherborne, Raquel Kowalski, Laia Vives-Adrián and Silvar Ribeiro

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10131; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210131 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 779

Abstract

Developing teacher self-efficacy can be supported through coaching, a process that guides and supports teachers in enhancing their confidence in teaching and learning skills. This study, part of the CONNECT project funded by the European Union and implemented in various countries, investigates how [...] Read more.

Developing teacher self-efficacy can be supported through coaching, a process that guides and supports teachers in enhancing their confidence in teaching and learning skills. This study, part of the CONNECT project funded by the European Union and implemented in various countries, investigates how coaching improves teacher performance and self-efficacy within the context of open schooling for sustainability. The coaching process underpinned by the CARE-KNOW-DO framework focused on 45 coaches supporting a total of 790 teachers in the UK, Brazil, Romania, and Spain. A multilanguage digital platform provided resources, guidelines, video, and best practices on open schooling integrated with the Sustainable Development Goals for teachers’ educators and teachers. Through a qualitative study analyzing CARE-KNOW-DO practices in one-on-one dialogue-based strategies, collaborative participatory research, webinars, workshops, and professional development courses, our findings reveal both challenges and catalysts in coaching. Key features of the coaching model that boosted teachers’ self-efficacy included working with mixed-ability classes (UK), overcoming curriculum pressure (Spain), and addressing complex teaching challenges (Romania). Pedagogical changes involved the adoption and co-creation of open schooling materials, along with integrating CARE-KNOW-DO principles and the EU DigComp framework for green digital skills. These insights demonstrate that coaching in open schooling environments for sustainability can significantly enhance teachers’ self-efficacy and the quality of open schooling experiences by increasing teachers’ awareness of challenges, strategies, and outcomes, focusing on meaningful practices, enhancing teaching and learning competencies, and fostering collaborative personal development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Competence of Teachers and Students in Sustainable Education)

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25 pages, 3135 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Green Transformation Evolution of Construction Enterprises Based on Dissemination and Complex Network Game

by Yaohong Yang, Shuwen Yang, Yang Yang, Xiaodan Yun and Yonghao Wang

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10130; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210130 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 526

Abstract

The green transformation of construction enterprises (GTCEs) is an important way to develop green buildings and realize the goal of “double carbon”. The GTCEs is not only influenced by the internal characteristics of the group but also influenced by the governmental orientation and [...] Read more.

The green transformation of construction enterprises (GTCEs) is an important way to develop green buildings and realize the goal of “double carbon”. The GTCEs is not only influenced by the internal characteristics of the group but also influenced by the governmental orientation and the pull of the consumer groups. This paper simultaneously considers the heterogeneity of consumer groups and construction enterprise groups, coupling the improved SIR dissemination model, complex network model, and evolutionary game model to describe the dynamic interaction process between construction enterprise groups, government, and consumer groups and to explore the evolution law of GTCEs. The results show that (1) Appropriately increase in green R&D investment by construction enterprises for higher returns, the government’s subsidy and penalty policies and a higher carbon trading price have a positive effect on the GTCEs; (2) a positive social climate, along with the government’s publicity and education, the higher technology level of construction enterprises, and the higher green cognition and lower risk perception level of consumers will strongly promote the GTCEs; and (3) a steady development of the GTCEs is guaranteed by the enterprises’ own inputs and the government’s joint measures on both the supply and demand sides. The conclusions of this study can be used as a reference for the government to formulate policies and for the green transformation and development of construction enterprises. Full article

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18 pages, 2506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Dyeing Characteristics of Merino Wool Fiber Dyed with Sustainable Natural Dye Extracted from Aesculus hippocastanum

by Seyda Eyupoglu, Can Eyupoglu, Nigar Merdan and Oktay Karakuş

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10129; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210129 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 612

Abstract

Recently there has been growing interest in dyeing biomaterials using natural sustainable plant extracts classified as eco-friendly. The microwave-assisted method provides fast heating and energy efficiency, more homogenous heat distribution in dyeing baths, less use of chemicals, and less heat loss, resulting in [...] Read more.

Recently there has been growing interest in dyeing biomaterials using natural sustainable plant extracts classified as eco-friendly. The microwave-assisted method provides fast heating and energy efficiency, more homogenous heat distribution in dyeing baths, less use of chemicals, and less heat loss, resulting in this method being greener—more sustainable and ecological. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to predict the dyeing properties of fibers, which are often complex and dependent on multiple variables. This saves time and reduces costs compared to trial-and-error methods. This study presents the green dyeing of merino wool fiber with natural dye extracted from Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut) shells using the microwave-assisted method. Before dyeing, the merino wool fiber underwent a pre-mordanted process with aluminum potassium sulfate with different concentrations using the microwave-assisted method. Spectrophotometric analysis of the light, washing, and rubbing fastness of the dyed merino wool fibers was performed. The color strength, light, washing, and rubbing fastness of the dyed merino wool fiber were developed using the pre-mordanting process. After the pre-mordanting process, the light fastness of the samples improved from 1–2 to 3, the color change increased from 2 to 3–4, and the rubbing fastness developed from 2–3 to 4 according to mordant concentration, mordanting time, and dyeing time quantities. The spectrophotometric analysis results indicate that color coordinates vary based on mordant concentration, mordanting, and dyeing duration. Furthermore, the results proved that microwave energy significantly shortened the mordanting and dyeing duration, resulting in an eco-friendly dyeing process. In this investigation, a feed-forward neural network (FFNN) model with sigmoid hidden neurons and a linear output neuron was used to predict the color strength dyeing property of merino wool fiber. Experimental results showed that the proposed model achieved a regression value of 0.9 for the color strength dyeing property. As demonstrated, the proposed FFNN model is effective and can be utilized to forecast the color strength dyeing properties of merino wool fiber. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Products and Services)

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24 pages, 1653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can the Carbon Trading Policy Enhance Resource Allocation Efficiency?—An Analysis of the Synergistic Effect of Market Mechanism and Government Intervention

by Yunqing Zhao, Debao Dai, Wei Shao and Liang Ye

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10128; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210128 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 514

Abstract

The carbon trading pilot policy is a key policy to achieve low-carbon development through market mechanism. Studying the impact of carbon trading on resource allocation efficiency can provide an important empirical basis to achieve energy saving and green development. This paper delves into [...] Read more.

The carbon trading pilot policy is a key policy to achieve low-carbon development through market mechanism. Studying the impact of carbon trading on resource allocation efficiency can provide an important empirical basis to achieve energy saving and green development. This paper delves into the influence of carbon trading on resource allocation efficiency by utilizing the multiperiod difference-in-differences based on comprehensive provincial data spanning from 2011 to 2020 in China. The findings show that carbon trading can promote the optimization of capital allocation efficiency but negatively affect the labor allocation efficiency in the pilot areas. This conclusion still holds through various robustness tests. Further research on regional heterogeneity shows that there are significant differences in the impact of resource allocation efficiency and labor allocation efficiency between eastern and western regions. Crucially, the limited scope of the carbon market’s direct influence on labor allocation efficiency is highlighted, demonstrating the need for government intervention to amplify its optimization effects based on the synergistic effect. It provides vital empirical insights for China’s ongoing pursuit of energy-saving and green development strategies, emphasizing the synergies between market mechanisms and government regulation in fostering sustainable economic transformation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Price Fluctuations and Sustainable Growth)

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11 pages, 1272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Footprint of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Value Chain in Misiones Province (Argentina)

by Diego Hernán Chifarelli, Lorena Gruber, Lapo Azzini, Francesco Paolo Nicese and Edgardo Giordani

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10127; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210127 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 599

Abstract

Yerba mate (YM) is an important crop derived from the cultivation of the native tree Ilex paraguariensis in northeastern Argentina, used for the preparation of mate infusion, which is widely consumed in South America. This study aimed at assessing the environmental impact, namely [...] Read more.

Yerba mate (YM) is an important crop derived from the cultivation of the native tree Ilex paraguariensis in northeastern Argentina, used for the preparation of mate infusion, which is widely consumed in South America. This study aimed at assessing the environmental impact, namely of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂eq.) emissions, of the YM value chain while identifying environmental hotspots along the production chain, from nursery up to transport. A cradle-to-wholesale approach was carried out, considering as the main functional unit 1 kg of commercial YM produced in Misiones Province and transported to Buenos Aires, the largest YM market in the world. Primary data were gathered from representative nurseries and plantations of the region; processing and packaging data were collected from a local cooperative, while the assessment of the impact due to truck transport was performed considering a distance of 1200 km from Buenos Aires. All the processes were analyzed using LCA methodology following the guidelines outlined in the ISO 14044 regulation (EN ISO 14044); the GaBi software (Sphera Solution, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), updated to version 10.7.21.8, was used for process modeling, while the CML 2001 calculation method, updated as of the latest release in August 2016, was used to calculate the impacts. The results (1.24 kg CO₂eq./kg. YM produced in Misiones and transported to Buenos Aires) show that the cultivation phase of YM has very little impact, while most of the emissions are related to the drying phase and the subsequent transportation from the production area to Buenos Aires. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

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18 pages, 1964 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation and External Driving Factors Analysis of Water–Energy–Food Resilience Security—Based on Spatial Durbin Model and Four Provinces Along the Yellow River

by Ruopeng Huang and Haibin Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10126; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210126 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 454

Abstract

Research on water–energy–food security is crucial for ensuring the sustainable development of human society. Building on the water–energy–food theory and resilience concepts, a novel perspective termed “resilience security” was proposed. This differs from traditional approaches focused on coordination security and efficiency security. An [...] Read more.

Research on water–energy–food security is crucial for ensuring the sustainable development of human society. Building on the water–energy–food theory and resilience concepts, a novel perspective termed “resilience security” was proposed. This differs from traditional approaches focused on coordination security and efficiency security. An indicator evaluation system consisting of 29 indicators was developed. Panel data from 2009 to 2022 in 40 cities across Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, and Shaanxi Provinces along the Yellow River were used to assess local water–energy–food resilience security. The nine external driving factors were empirically analyzed in different provinces using a spatial Durbin model. The findings indicate that: (1) over the 14-year period, the water––energy–food resilience security of the sample transitioned from a near-exposure state to an initial resistance state; and (2) over the 14-year period, administrative power, market power, resource flow capacity, population density, industrial structure, urbanization level, scientific and technological inputs, environmental governance inputs, and spatial geographic factors significantly influenced regional water–energy–food resilience security, with notable variations across provinces. Full article

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20 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Environmental Information Disclosure Reduce PM2.5 Emissions? Evidence from Chinese Prefecture-Level Cities

by Teng Wang, Yani Wang and Weiwei Xiong

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10125; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210125 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 476

Abstract

As an important means of regulating pollution emissions, environmental regulation is crucial for reducing urban PM2.5. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the emission reduction effect of formal environmental regulations and neglected the role played by informal environmental regulations represented by environmental [...] Read more.

As an important means of regulating pollution emissions, environmental regulation is crucial for reducing urban PM2.5. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the emission reduction effect of formal environmental regulations and neglected the role played by informal environmental regulations represented by environmental information disclosure. We employed a multiperiod difference-in-differences (DID) model to assess the effectiveness of EID policies in mitigating PM2.5 emissions and to investigate their abatement mechanism by focusing on green innovation and industrial structure. The findings indicate that the implementation of EID policies significantly reduces PM2.5 emissions. Mechanism tests reveal that EID promotes PM2.5 reductions by fostering green innovation and upgrading industrial structure. In addition, the impact of EID policy is more marked in resource-based cities and those located in interior regions. This study contributes to the reduction in urban haze emissions in China, offering empirical evidence and policy recommendations for the further implementation of environmental information disclosure. Full article

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16 pages, 3796 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Procedures for Maintaining Existing Railway Station Infrastructure in Poland as an Element of the Sustainable European Ecological Transformation

by Piotr Nowotarski and Marcin Gajzler

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10124; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210124 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 578

Abstract

Railways play a key role in sustainable development, being one of the most ecological means of transport. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities related to the maintenance of the railway station infrastructure in Poland, in the context of modern predictive technologies. The [...] Read more.

Railways play a key role in sustainable development, being one of the most ecological means of transport. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities related to the maintenance of the railway station infrastructure in Poland, in the context of modern predictive technologies. The Eurail FP3 project, implemented under a European Union grant, focuses on the development of the modern solutions for the maintenance of railway infrastructure, including the possibility of using a modern approach to monitoring the technical condition of buildings in real time, which allows for the prediction of faults and the optimization of the maintenance work. The authors of the article analyze the data obtained from the main manager of the railway infrastructure in Poland regarding the station maintenance procedures and present a new approach for a maintenance procedure, which assumes the inclusion of predictive technologies. Thanks to this, it is possible to optimize the maintenance processes of the station infrastructure, which in the long term will affect the possibility of the current access to data on the condition of buildings in real time and will affect the operating costs related to the maintenance of the station facilities, as well as limiting the negative impact on the environment. The analysis carried out as part of the completed works has also revealed the threats and difficulties related to the costs and technological limitations related to the implementation of the maintenance policy, while indicating the directions of further works to ensure the proper efficiency of the railway infrastructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations and Challenges in Sustainable Building Development: Materials, Design, Technologies, and Management)

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Number of rail passengers in Poland and number of passenger-kilometers in EU countries (own study based on [<a href="#B5-sustainability-16-10124" class="html-bibr">5</a>,<a href="#B6-sustainability-16-10124" class="html-bibr">6</a>]), * lack of all data from member states in EU statistics). Full article ">Figure 2
Elements of railway infrastructure. Own study based on [<a href="#B16-sustainability-16-10124" class="html-bibr">16</a>,<a href="#B17-sustainability-16-10124" class="html-bibr">17</a>,<a href="#B18-sustainability-16-10124" class="html-bibr">18</a>,<a href="#B19-sustainability-16-10124" class="html-bibr">19</a>,<a href="#B20-sustainability-16-10124" class="html-bibr">20</a>]. Full article ">Figure 3
Diagram of the existing procedure of maintenance of technical condition of railway station elements in Poland (own work). Full article ">Figure 4
Different technical conditions and types of railway station buildings found in Poland in Biskupice, Jarocin, Środa Wielkopolska, Krotoszyn (own research work). Full article ">Figure 5
SWOT analysis of the maintenance of railway station facilities based on existing maintenance procedures. Full article ">Figure 6
Diagram of the functioning of the database of technical conditions (own work). Full article ">Figure 7
Proposed operational diagram of the maintenance procedure (own work). Full article ">

16 pages, 7123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Microplastic Pollution in the Epikarst Environment Coincide with Rainfall Flushes and Copepod Population Dynamics?

by Lara Valentić, Tanja Pipan and Nataša Ravbar

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 10123; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210123 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 687

Abstract

Karst areas are characteristic landscapes formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks, whose hydrology is largely influenced by rapid infiltration through the karst massif. These areas are often hotspots of biodiversity, especially for epikarst and cave fauna. The epikarst, the uppermost layer of [...] Read more.

Karst areas are characteristic landscapes formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks, whose hydrology is largely influenced by rapid infiltration through the karst massif. These areas are often hotspots of biodiversity, especially for epikarst and cave fauna. The epikarst, the uppermost layer of the unsaturated zone, plays a crucial role in regulating water flow in karst aquifers. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of microplastic (MP) pollution, its relationship with precipitation and its correlation with copepod populations in karst areas. The study was conducted between April 2021 and October 2022 in the Postojna–Planina karst area in SW Slovenia at surface and underground sampling sites to determine the pathways of MP pollution from the surface to the depth of the karst massif. The results indicate that heavier rainfall flushes out more MP contaminants from the surface and epikarst environment. The transport dynamics of MP pollution are similar to the dynamics of copepods, which are the baseline organisms for the food chain in caves. One MP sample contained only polyamide particles, which could indicate clothing as a possible source of pollution, but the results are inconclusive. With this study, we provide the first insight into the transport of MP pollution from the surface environment to deeper karst massifs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Karst Groundwater Sustainability)

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