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KEGG   PATHWAY: ggo05171
Entry
ggo05171                    Pathway                                
Name
Coronavirus disease - COVID-19 - Gorilla gorilla gorilla (western lowland gorilla)
Description
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar epithelial cells [mainly alveolar epithelial type 2 (AEC2) cells] through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Upon the occupancy of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2, the increased serum level of free Angiotensin II (Ang II) due to a reduction of ACE2-mediated degradation promotes activation of the NF-kappa B pathway via Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), followed by  interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. SARS-CoV-2 also activates the innate immune system; macrophage stimulation triggers the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, and the "cytokine storm", which results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure. The combined effects of complement activation, dysregulated neutrophilia, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability appear to be intertwined to drive the severe features of COVID-19.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
ggo05171  Coronavirus disease - COVID-19
ggo05171

Disease
H02398  COVID-19
Organism
Gorilla gorilla gorilla (western lowland gorilla) [GN:ggo]
Gene
101123774  [KO:K02893]
101123893  [KO:K02920]
101123958  [KO:K02998]
101123977  C7; complement component C7 [KO:K03996]
101123985  [KO:K02866]
101124033  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101124083  RPL26; large ribosomal subunit protein uL24 [KO:K02898]
101124260  RPL35; large ribosomal subunit protein uL29 [KO:K02918]
101124327  RPL13; large ribosomal subunit protein eL13 [KO:K02873]
101124540  [KO:K02910]
101124764  C1QB; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B [KO:K03987]
101124828  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101124919  [KO:K02966]
101124970  RPS21; small ribosomal subunit protein eS21 [KO:K02971]
101125011  RPS27; small ribosomal subunit protein eS27 [KO:K02978]
101125084  [KO:K02978]
101125185  [KO:K02905]
101125271  [KO:K02971]
101125376  [KO:K02929]
101125384  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101125506  NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800]
101125611  [KO:K02940]
101125636  C3AR1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor [KO:K04009]
101125884  RPL6; large ribosomal subunit protein eL6 [KO:K02934]
101125892  RPL10L; ribosomal protein uL16-like [KO:K02866]
101125925  RPS14; small ribosomal subunit protein uS11 isoform X1 [KO:K02955]
101125960  [KO:K02922]
101125995  RPS13; small ribosomal subunit protein uS15 [KO:K02953]
101126027  [KO:K02978]
101126190  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101126442  [KO:K02880]
101126499  [KO:K02898]
101126531  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404]
101126577  [KO:K02981]
101126677  MASP2; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03993] [EC:3.4.21.104]
101126762  RPS16; small ribosomal subunit protein uS9 isoform X2 [KO:K02960]
101127134  RPS12; small ribosomal subunit protein eS12 [KO:K02951]
101127166  [KO:K02880]
101127590  FOS; protein C-Fos [KO:K04379]
101127816  [KO:K02866]
101127826  RPSA; small ribosomal subunit protein uS2 [KO:K02998]
101127916  [KO:K02979]
101128093  [KO:K02947]
101128102  [KO:K02983]
101128204  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
101128307  OAS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101128433  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
101128447  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10159]
101128762  RPS7; small ribosomal subunit protein eS7 [KO:K02993]
101128778  RPLP0; large ribosomal subunit protein uL10 [KO:K02941]
101128806  [KO:K02877]
101128896  RPL31; large ribosomal subunit protein eL31 [KO:K02910]
101128904  OAS2; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101128917  [KO:K02930]
101129001  [KO:K02908]
101129051  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X2 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101129182  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein [KO:K12648]
101129206  [KO:K02974]
101129231  [KO:K02929]
101129249  OAS3; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101129336  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
101129386  RPS29; small ribosomal subunit protein uS14 isoform X2 [KO:K02980]
101129521  [KO:K02880]
101129567  [KO:K02893]
101129591  C8G; complement component C8 gamma chain isoform X2 [KO:K03999]
101129653  RPL3L; ribosomal protein uL3-like isoform X1 [KO:K02925]
101129785  [KO:K02958]
101129830  [KO:K02882]
101129892  [KO:K02976]
101130013  [KO:K02918]
101130079  [KO:K02998]
101130286  [KO:K02976]
101130311  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05055]
101130571  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
101130686  [KO:K02998]
101130688  FCGR2A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a isoform X4 [KO:K06472]
101130720  RPL36AL; ribosomal protein eL42-like [KO:K02929]
101130732  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
101130806  [KO:K02929]
101130836  [KO:K02912]
101130978  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
101131021  [KO:K02920]
101131051  MMP1; interstitial collagenase [KO:K01388] [EC:3.4.24.7]
101131142  [KO:K02991]
101131169  [KO:K02957]
101131325  RPS2; small ribosomal subunit protein uS5 [KO:K02981]
101131679  C9; complement component C9 [KO:K04000]
101131753  F13B; coagulation factor XIII B chain [KO:K03906]
101131770  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X3 [KO:K11220]
101131989  MMP3; stromelysin-1 [KO:K01394] [EC:3.4.24.17]
101132018  [KO:K02940]
101132158  [KO:K02978]
101132345  [KO:K02984]
101132394  IL2; interleukin-2 [KO:K05429]
101132730  RPS25; small ribosomal subunit protein eS25 [KO:K02975]
101132832  [KO:K02978]
101132879  [KO:K02936]
101132936  RPS5; small ribosomal subunit protein uS7 [KO:K02989]
101132947  MX2; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 isoform X1 [KO:K14754]
101133011  [KO:K02920]
101133049  RPS28; small ribosomal subunit protein eS28 [KO:K02979]
101133075  [KO:K02912]
101133141  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101133149  RPL38; large ribosomal subunit protein eL38 [KO:K02923]
101133218  [KO:K02941]
101133221  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101133258  FGB; fibrinogen beta chain [KO:K03904]
101133274  CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427]
101133287  RPS19; small ribosomal subunit protein eS19 [KO:K02966]
101133302  MX1; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 isoform X1 [KO:K14754]
101133331  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 isoform X1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101133456  [KO:K02920]
101133643  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101133796  [KO:K02976]
101133825  [KO:K02958]
101133851  [KO:K06856]
101133862  FGA; fibrinogen alpha chain [KO:K03903]
101133864  [KO:K02937]
101133875  STING1; stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform X1 [KO:K12654]
101133908  RPL30; large ribosomal subunit protein eL30 [KO:K02908]
101134038  [KO:K02866]
101134103  RPL27; large ribosomal subunit protein eL27 [KO:K02901]
101134135  TMPRSS2; transmembrane protease serine 2 isoform X4 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
101134166  [KO:K02936]
101134189  RPL14; large ribosomal subunit protein eL14 isoform X1 [KO:K02875]
101134492  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X2 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101134578  [KO:K02960]
101134621  ADAR; double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X4 [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
101134687  [KO:K02977]
101134795  FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X2 [KO:K03905]
101134843  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101135038  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
101135199  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101135216  RPL36A; large ribosomal subunit protein eL42 [KO:K02929]
101135298  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101135326  RIGI; antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I isoform X1 [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101135421  [KO:K02940]
101135486  [KO:K02901]
101135508  [KO:K02877]
101135562  [KO:K02866]
101135867  RPL9; large ribosomal subunit protein uL6 [KO:K02940]
101135885  [KO:K02905]
101135988  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101136134  [KO:K02870]
101136395  RPL3; large ribosomal subunit protein uL3 [KO:K02925]
101136434  FAU; ubiquitin-like FUBI-ribosomal protein eS30 fusion protein [KO:K02983]
101136536  RPL10; large ribosomal subunit protein uL16 isoform X1 [KO:K02866]
101136563  [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
101136595  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
101136689  RPS27A; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eS31 fusion protein [KO:K02977]
101136829  [KO:K02910]
101136911  [KO:K02983]
101136964  RPS17; small ribosomal subunit protein eS17 isoform X2 [KO:K02962]
101136982  [KO:K02960]
101137109  UBA52; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein isoform X2 [KO:K02927]
101137136  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
101137203  RPS15A; small ribosomal subunit protein uS8 [KO:K02957]
101137229  [KO:K02947]
101137306  [KO:K02880]
101137405  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101137436  RPS27L; ribosomal protein eS27-like isoform X1 [KO:K02978]
101137457  [KO:K02905]
101137471  [KO:K02978]
101137478  [KO:K02981]
101137537  [KO:K02889]
101137639  [KO:K02975]
101137666  RPS26; small ribosomal subunit protein eS26 isoform X2 [KO:K02976]
101137667  [KO:K02942]
101137833  [KO:K02889]
101137870  IFNA21; interferon alpha-21 [KO:K05414]
101138009  [KO:K02976]
101138038  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101138129  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X1 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101138287  [KO:K02898]
101138607  [KO:K02962]
101138627  RPL12; large ribosomal subunit protein uL11 [KO:K02870]
101138636  C8A; complement component C8 alpha chain [KO:K03997]
101138765  [KO:K02872]
101138851  [KO:K02889]
101138859  [KO:K02998]
101138867  C5; complement C5 isoform X6 [KO:K03994]
101138904  RPL32; large ribosomal subunit protein eL32 [KO:K02912]
101138938  HBEGF; proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor [KO:K08523]
101138942  [KO:K02940]
101138981  [KO:K05414]
101138999  C8B; complement component C8 beta chain isoform X3 [KO:K03998]
101139046  [KO:K02947]
101139062  C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]
101139074  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101139336  [KO:K05414]
101139383  [KO:K02872]
101139472  [KO:K02953]
101139713  [KO:K05414]
101139924  [KO:K02962]
101140164  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101140278  RPL13A; large ribosomal subunit protein uL13 isoform X2 [KO:K02872]
101140353  RPL4; large ribosomal subunit protein uL4 [KO:K02930]
101140412  [KO:K05414]
101140784  IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
101140792  [KO:K02912]
101140803  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101141038  [KO:K02912]
101141087  [KO:K02893]
101141118  [KO:K02910]
101141158  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
101141176  IFNA6; interferon alpha-6 [KO:K05414]
101141264  RPL23A; large ribosomal subunit protein uL23 isoform X2 [KO:K02893]
101141274  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
101141290  [KO:K02889]
101141320  RPS8; small ribosomal subunit protein eS8 [KO:K02995]
101141346  [KO:K02976]
101141368  [KO:K02880]
101141488  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05401]
101141543  [KO:K05414]
101141562  [KO:K03991]
101141572  RPL27A; large ribosomal subunit protein uL15 [KO:K02900]
101141641  CFB; complement factor B [KO:K01335] [EC:3.4.21.47]
101141659  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101141826  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101141837  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
101141886  RPL28; large ribosomal subunit protein eL28 isoform X2 [KO:K02903]
101141916  IFNA2; interferon alpha-2 [KO:K05414]
101141927  C1QC; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C isoform X1 [KO:K03988]
101141974  [KO:K02969]
101142140  RPS11; small ribosomal subunit protein uS17 [KO:K02949]
101142220  [KO:K02998]
101142301  IFNA8; interferon alpha-8 [KO:K05414]
101142333  VWF; von Willebrand factor [KO:K03900]
101142361  [KO:K02905]
101142490  RPL34; large ribosomal subunit protein eL34 [KO:K02915]
101142534  ACE2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
101142588  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101142644  [KO:K02925]
101142673  [KO:K05414]
101142804  [KO:K02981]
101142836  RPL35A; large ribosomal subunit protein eL33 isoform X1 [KO:K02917]
101143037  [KO:K02936]
101143139  RPL39; large ribosomal subunit protein eL39 [KO:K02924]
101143299  [KO:K02976]
101143328  RPL39L; ribosomal protein eL39-like 2 [KO:K02924]
101143365  RPL10A; large ribosomal subunit protein uL1 [KO:K02865]
101143702  [KO:K02929]
101143773  NRP1; neuropilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06724]
101143804  [KO:K02905]
101143811  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101144070  [KO:K02953]
101144175  RPL37A; large ribosomal subunit protein eL43 [KO:K02921]
101144197  [KO:K02984]
101144284  [KO:K02870]
101144333  F13A1; coagulation factor XIII A chain isoform X1 [KO:K03917] [EC:2.3.2.13]
101144435  [KO:K02889]
101144543  MASP1; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform X6 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]
101144707  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X2 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101144709  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05411]
101144800  [KO:K02940]
101144831  RPL17; large ribosomal subunit protein uL22 [KO:K02880]
101144846  MAS1; proto-oncogene Mas [KO:K04303]
101144859  [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
101144966  [KO:K02870]
101144988  [KO:K02976]
101145104  [KO:K02998]
101145211  RPS18; small ribosomal subunit protein uS13 [KO:K02964]
101145266  C1S; complement C1s subcomponent [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]
101145303  CSF3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05423]
101145399  [KO:K02984]
101145729  JUN; transcription factor Jun [KO:K04448]
101145770  RPL24; large ribosomal subunit protein eL24 [KO:K02896]
101145780  [KO:K02976]
101145787  [KO:K01283] [EC:3.4.15.1]
101145799  C2; complement C2 isoform X2 [KO:K01332] [EC:3.4.21.43]
101145841  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
101146120  [KO:K02981]
101146163  [KO:K02896]
101146168  C4A; complement C4-A [KO:K03989]
101146170  CGAS; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase isoform X1 [KO:K17834] [EC:2.7.7.86]
101146218  RPLP2; large ribosomal subunit protein P2 [KO:K02943]
101146227  [KO:K02924]
101146308  RPS20; small ribosomal subunit protein uS10 [KO:K02969]
101146434  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101146492  [KO:K02985]
101146544  RPS4X; small ribosomal subunit protein eS4, X isoform [KO:K02987]
101146695  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221]
101146767  [KO:K02898]
101146784  [KO:K02880]
101146806  [KO:K02882]
101146853  [KO:K02942]
101146854  [KO:K02976]
101146951  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04693]
101147142  [KO:K02910]
101147342  RPL26L1; ribosomal protein uL24-like [KO:K02898]
101147442  CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]
101147574  [KO:K02951]
101147604  [KO:K02900]
101147806  [KO:K02920]
101147839  RPS9; small ribosomal subunit protein uS4 isoform X1 [KO:K02997]
101147931  [KO:K02929]
101148237  SELP; P-selectin isoform X3 [KO:K06496]
101148245  C1R; complement C1r subcomponent [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]
101148362  [KO:K02917]
101148425  C6; complement component C6 isoform X1 [KO:K03995]
101148438  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101148478  RPL7A; large ribosomal subunit protein eL8 [KO:K02936]
101148598  MBL2; mannose-binding protein C [KO:K03991]
101148649  [KO:K02998]
101148650  [KO:K02957]
101148666  [KO:K02951]
101148680  C4B; complement C4-B isoform X1 [KO:K03989]
101148715  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 precursor [KO:K10160]
101148834  [KO:K02870]
101149210  [KO:K02951]
101149216  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
101149500  NFKBIB; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta isoform X1 [KO:K02581]
101149905  F2; prothrombin [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
101149912  [KO:K02918]
101150285  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
101150321  [KO:K02936]
101150350  [KO:K02925]
101150417  RPL29; large ribosomal subunit protein eL29 [KO:K02905]
101150435  [KO:K02937]
101150534  RPL15; large ribosomal subunit protein eL15 [KO:K02877]
101150568  RPL23; large ribosomal subunit protein uL14 [KO:K02894]
101150677  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05406]
101150691  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101150798  RPLP1; large ribosomal subunit protein P1 [KO:K02942]
101150855  [KO:K02957]
101150865  RPL11; large ribosomal subunit protein uL5 isoform X1 [KO:K02868]
101151000  RPL22; large ribosomal subunit protein eL22 isoform X3 [KO:K02891]
101151037  [KO:K02981]
101151078  [KO:K02976]
101151121  [KO:K02981]
101151223  [KO:K02912]
101151317  [KO:K02910]
101151385  [KO:K02872]
101151538  [KO:K02889]
101151540  [KO:K02964]
101151687  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05405]
101151712  RPL8; large ribosomal subunit protein uL2 [KO:K02938]
101151846  [KO:K02993]
101151944  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
101152026  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101152087  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101152123  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101152267  [KO:K02937]
101152273  [KO:K02893]
101152298  TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 [KO:K10170]
101152403  [KO:K02947]
101152433  [KO:K02910]
101152491  [KO:K02889]
101152497  [KO:K02929]
101152499  RSL24D1; probable ribosome biogenesis protein RLP24 [KO:K02896]
101152547  [KO:K02865]
101152626  [KO:K02905]
101152640  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X2 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101152650  [KO:K02976]
101152662  [KO:K02997]
101152705  ADAM17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
101152815  [KO:K02893]
101152882  RPL18A; large ribosomal subunit protein eL20 [KO:K02882]
101152940  [KO:K02980]
101152945  RPS3; small ribosomal subunit protein uS3 [KO:K02985]
101153025  RPL7; large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 [KO:K02937]
101153197  RPL21; large ribosomal subunit protein eL21 [KO:K02889]
101153221  RPS23; small ribosomal subunit protein uS12 [KO:K02973]
101153224  IL6ST; interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05060]
101153409  RPL5; large ribosomal subunit protein uL18 isoform X1 [KO:K02932]
101153465  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
101153939  RPL37; large ribosomal subunit protein eL37 [KO:K02922]
101154053  [KO:K02980]
101154270  [KO:K02934]
101154352  [KO:K02998]
109023154  [KO:K06856]
109023337  [KO:K02917]
109023382  [KO:K02915]
109023480  [KO:K02868]
109023503  [KO:K02974]
109023584  [KO:K02977]
109023896  [KO:K02905]
109024079  [KO:K02905]
109024144  [KO:K02920]
109024249  [KO:K02922]
109024358  [KO:K02960]
109024418  [KO:K02870]
109024489  [KO:K02889]
109024622  [KO:K02882]
109024647  [KO:K02998]
109024918  RPL19; large ribosomal subunit protein eL19 [KO:K02885]
109025084  [KO:K02947]
109025113  RPS24; small ribosomal subunit protein eS24 isoform X1 [KO:K02974]
109025177  RPL41; small ribosomal subunit protein eS32 [KO:K02928]
109025285  [KO:K02980]
109025290  [KO:K02924]
109025960  [KO:K02980]
109025982  [KO:K02866]
109026322  [KO:K02937]
109026425  [KO:K02893]
109026468  [KO:K02922]
109026691  [KO:K02980]
109026804  [KO:K02885]
109026990  [KO:K02882]
109027020  [KO:K02977]
109027960  [KO:K02865]
109028007  [KO:K02893]
109028157  [KO:K02866]
109028360  [KO:K02981]
109028674  [KO:K02942]
109028865  [KO:K02980]
109028868  [KO:K02978]
109029006  [KO:K02922]
109029067  [KO:K02889]
109029139  [KO:K02924]
115930093  [KO:K02978]
115930187  [KO:K02998]
115930192  [KO:K02880]
115930210  [KO:K02937]
115930419  [KO:K02898]
115930422  [KO:K02993]
115930559  [KO:K06856]
115931286  [KO:K02937]
115931577  [KO:K02981]
115931945  [KO:K02947]
115932121  [KO:K07210]
115932953  [KO:K02973]
115933000  [KO:K02877]
115933486  [KO:K02889]
115933526  [KO:K02918]
115934594  [KO:K02917]
115934993  [KO:K02908]
115935032  [KO:K02880]
115935827  [KO:K05414]
115935829  [KO:K05414]
115935831  [KO:K05414]
115935832  [KO:K05414]
115935833  [KO:K05414]
115935834  [KO:K05414]
115936029  [KO:K02870]
115936222  [KO:K02983]
129523807  [KO:K02980]
129524776  [KO:K02889]
129525227  [KO:K02941]
129525323  [KO:K02924]
129525757  [KO:K02875]
129525930  [KO:K02873]
129526335  [KO:K02985]
129526900  [KO:K02893]
129527576  [KO:K02937]
129527639  [KO:K02877]
129527811  [KO:K02889]
129528351  [KO:K02998]
129528589  C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]
129528638  RPL18; large ribosomal subunit protein eL18 [KO:K02883]
129528814  RPS15; small ribosomal subunit protein uS19 isoform X1 [KO:K02958]
129528856  RPL36; large ribosomal subunit protein eL36 isoform X1 [KO:K02920]
129528891  [KO:K02896]
129528949  [KO:K02915]
129529125  [KO:K02870]
129529182  [KO:K02922]
129530113  [KO:K02889]
129530422  RPS4Y1; small ribosomal subunit protein eS4, Y isoform X1 [KO:K02987]
129532266  [KO:K02924]
129532405  [KO:K02923]
129532446  ISG15; ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 [KO:K12159]
129532449  [KO:K02964]
129532527  [KO:K02983]
129533651  C1QA; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A [KO:K03986]
129533959  [KO:K02889]
129534056  [KO:K02915]
129534058  [KO:K02981]
129534132  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
129534637  [KO:K02901]
129534659  [KO:K02889]
129534693  [KO:K02980]
129534774  [KO:K02984]
134756682  [KO:K02962]
134756773  [KO:K02976]
134756937  [KO:K05414]
134757331  [KO:K02889]
134757904  [KO:K02929]
134758199  [KO:K02957]
134758341  [KO:K02870]
134759022  [KO:K02957]
134759030  [KO:K02980]
134759033  [KO:K02929]
134759211  [KO:K02870]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00046  RNA
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C00873  Angiotensin I
C02135  Angiotensin II
C15850  Angiotensin (1-7)
C20640  Cyclic GMP-AMP
Reference
PMID:33132005
  Authors
Harrison AG, Lin T, Wang P
  Title
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis.
  Journal
Trends Immunol S1471-4906(20)30233-7 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2020.10.004
Reference
PMID:33077917
  Authors
Perico L, Benigni A, Casiraghi F, Ng LFP, Renia L, Remuzzi G
  Title
Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19.
  Journal
Nat Rev Nephrol 10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4
Reference
PMID:32820801
  Authors
Battagello DS, Dragunas G, Klein MO, Ayub ALP, Velloso FJ, Correa RG
  Title
Unpuzzling COVID-19: tissue-related signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.
  Journal
Clin Sci (Lond) 134:2137-2160 (2020)
DOI:10.1042/CS20200904
Reference
PMID:32353634
  Authors
Felsenstein S, Herbert JA, McNamara PS, Hedrich CM
  Title
COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options.
  Journal
Clin Immunol 215:108448 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108448
Reference
PMID:33014208
  Authors
Hojyo S, Uchida M, Tanaka K, Hasebe R, Tanaka Y, Murakami M, Hirano T
  Title
How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality.
  Journal
Inflamm Regen 40:37 (2020)
DOI:10.1186/s41232-020-00146-3
Reference
PMID:32544563
  Authors
Mahmudpour M, Roozbeh J, Keshavarz M, Farrokhi S, Nabipour I
  Title
COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation.
  Journal
Cytokine 133:155151 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155151
Reference
PMID:32635353
  Authors
Farooqi F, Dhawan N, Morgan R, Dinh J, Nedd K, Yatzkan G
  Title
Treatment of Severe COVID-19 with Tocilizumab Mitigates Cytokine Storm and Averts Mechanical Ventilation During Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report and Literature Review.
  Journal
Trop Med Infect Dis 5:E112 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed5030112
Reference
PMID:32376392
  Authors
Jamilloux Y, Henry T, Belot A, Viel S, Fauter M, El Jammal T, Walzer T, Francois B, Seve P
  Title
Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions.
  Journal
Autoimmun Rev 19:102567 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102567
Reference
PMID:32722596
  Authors
Kiselevskiy M, Shubina I, Chikileva I, Sitdikova S, Samoylenko I, Anisimova N, Kirgizov K, Suleimanova A, Gorbunova T, Varfolomeeva S
  Title
Immune Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Intoxication: Storm or Silence?
  Journal
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 13:E166 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ph13080166
Reference
PMID:32922297
  Authors
Curran CS, Rivera DR, Kopp JB
  Title
COVID-19 Usurps Host Regulatory Networks.
  Journal
Front Pharmacol 11:1278 (2020)
DOI:10.3389/fphar.2020.01278
Reference
PMID:33055229
  Authors
Quan C, Li C, Ma H, Li Y, Zhang H
  Title
Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Potential Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 34:e00074-20 (2020)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.00074-20
Reference
PMID:32973803
  Authors
Ahmed-Hassan H, Sisson B, Shukla RK, Wijewantha Y, Funderburg NT, Li Z, Hayes D Jr, Demberg T, Liyanage NPM
  Title
Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections.
  Journal
Front Immunol 11:1979 (2020)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01979
Reference
PMID:32346093
  Authors
Tay MZ, Poh CM, Renia L, MacAry PA, Ng LFP
  Title
The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:363-374 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8
Reference
PMID:32979938
  Authors
Xia H, Cao Z, Xie X, Zhang X, Chen JY, Wang H, Menachery VD, Rajsbaum R, Shi PY
  Title
Evasion of Type I Interferon by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Cell Rep 33:108234 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108234
Reference
PMID:32661197
  Authors
Hartenian E, Nandakumar D, Lari A, Ly M, Tucker JM, Glaunsinger BA
  Title
The molecular virology of coronaviruses.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 295:12910-12934 (2020)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.REV120.013930
Reference
PMID:32978971
  Authors
Amor S, Fernandez Blanco L, Baker D
  Title
Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage.
  Journal
Clin Exp Immunol 202:193-209 (2020)
DOI:10.1111/cei.13523
Reference
PMID:32467561
  Authors
Catanzaro M, Fagiani F, Racchi M, Corsini E, Govoni S, Lanni C
  Title
Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Signal Transduct Target Ther 5:84 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41392-020-0191-1
Reference
PMID:32687918
  Authors
Jafarzadeh A, Chauhan P, Saha B, Jafarzadeh S, Nemati M
  Title
Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions.
  Journal
Life Sci 257:118102 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118102
Reference
PMID:32376901
  Authors
Merad M, Martin JC
  Title
Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:355-362 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4
Reference
PMID:32246101
  Authors
South AM, Tomlinson L, Edmonston D, Hiremath S, Sparks MA
  Title
Controversies of renin-angiotensin system inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  Journal
Nat Rev Nephrol 16:305-307 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41581-020-0279-4
Reference
PMID:32433641
  Authors
Furuhashi M, Moniwa N, Takizawa H, Ura N, Shimamoto K
  Title
Potential differential effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung injury in COVID-19.
  Journal
Hypertens Res 43:837-840 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41440-020-0478-1
Reference
PMID:32423094
  Authors
Gemmati D, Bramanti B, Serino ML, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Tisato V
  Title
COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males?
  Journal
Int J Mol Sci 21:E3474 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ijms21103474
Reference
PMID:33184193
  Authors
Kielian M
  Title
Enhancing host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Science 370:765-766 (2020)
DOI:10.1126/science.abf0732
Reference
PMID:32327719
  Authors
Risitano AM, Mastellos DC, Huber-Lang M, Yancopoulou D, Garlanda C, Ciceri F, Lambris JD
  Title
Complement as a target in COVID-19?
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:343-344 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0320-7
Reference
PMID:32461141
  Authors
Noris M, Benigni A, Remuzzi G
  Title
The case of complement activation in COVID-19 multiorgan impact.
  Journal
Kidney Int 98:314-322 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.013
Reference
PMID:32559343
  Authors
Polycarpou A, Howard M, Farrar CA, Greenlaw R, Fanelli G, Wallis R, Klavinskis LS, Sacks S
  Title
Rationale for targeting complement in COVID-19.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 12:e12642 (2020)
DOI:10.15252/emmm.202012642
Reference
PMID:32439870
  Authors
Teuwen LA, Geldhof V, Pasut A, Carmeliet P
  Title
COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:389-391 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0343-0
Reference
PMID:32643798
  Authors
Jodele S, Kohl J
  Title
Tackling COVID-19 infection through complement-targeted immunotherapy.
  Journal
Br J Pharmacol 178:2832-2848 (2021)
DOI:10.1111/bph.15187
Reference
PMID:32608159
  Authors
Chauhan AJ, Wiffen LJ, Brown TP
  Title
COVID-19: A collision of complement, coagulation and inflammatory pathways.
  Journal
J Thromb Haemost 18:2110-2117 (2020)
DOI:10.1111/jth.14981
Reference
PMID:32558620
  Authors
Colling ME, Kanthi Y
  Title
COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: An exploration of mechanisms.
  Journal
Vasc Med 25:471-478 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/1358863X20932640
Reference
PMID:32586214
  Authors
McFadyen JD, Stevens H, Peter K
  Title
The Emerging Threat of (Micro)Thrombosis in COVID-19 and Its Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Circ Res 127:571-587 (2020)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317447
Reference
PMID:32995777
  Authors
Shi M, Wang L, Fontana P, Vora S, Zhang Y, Fu TM, Lieberman J, Wu H
  Title
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses host but not viral translation through a bipartite mechanism.
  Journal
bioRxiv 2020.09.18.302901 (2020)
DOI:10.1101/2020.09.18.302901
Reference
PMID:32693241
  Authors
Paniri A, Akhavan-Niaki H
  Title
Emerging role of IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential therapeutic targets to combat COVID-19: Role of lncRNAs in cytokine storm modulation.
  Journal
Life Sci 257:118114 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118114
Reference
PMID:32405269
  Authors
Omarjee L, Janin A, Perrot F, Laviolle B, Meilhac O, Mahe G
  Title
Targeting T-cell senescence and cytokine storm with rapamycin to prevent severe progression in COVID-19.
  Journal
Clin Immunol 216:108464 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108464
Reference
PMID:32337664
  Authors
Zhang S, Li L, Shen A, Chen Y, Qi Z
  Title
Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.
  Journal
Clin Drug Investig 40:511-518 (2020)
DOI:10.1007/s40261-020-00917-3
Related
pathway
ggo03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
ggo04144  Endocytosis
ggo04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
ggo04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
ggo04611  Platelet activation
ggo04613  Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
ggo04614  Renin-angiotensin system
ggo04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ggo04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
ggo04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
ggo04623  Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
ggo04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
ggo04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
ggo04666  Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
ggo04668  TNF signaling pathway
ggo04670  Leukocyte transendothelial migration
KO pathway
ko05171   

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