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- La Triennial Act (Ley trienal) es una ley dictada por el Parlamento largo durante la Revolución inglesa, que estableció dos hechos relevantes para la evolución de la institución parlamentaria en Inglaterra: 1.
* El rey no podía disolver por sí solo el parlamento, siendo preciso que éste diera su consentimiento 2.
* El Parlamento debe convocarse cada tres años. Se aseguraba de esta manera la estabilidad del Parlamento, independiente de la voluntad del monarca, después de la experiencia del Parlamento corto, disuelto por el rey al poco de su convocatoria por no acceder a sus pretensiones económicas y presentarle, en cambio, una serie de agravios a reparar. Durante el verano de 1640 estalló una guerra de los obispos, y el rey se vio forzado a convocar de nuevo al Parlamento, que fue conocido como Parlamento largo. Es éste quien aprobó la Triennal Act. (es)
- Les Triennial Acts désignent plusieurs actes pris en Angleterre qui établissent que le Parlement doit se réunir au moins une fois tous les trois ans. Ce dispositif a pour objectif de limiter les pouvoirs du roi en le contraignant à réunir l'instance qui exerce un contrôle théorique sur ses fonctions, le Parlement, notamment dans le domaine fiscal. Le premier acte de ce type est approuvé en 1641, au tout début de la contestation parlementaire contre Charles Ier. En 1664, après la Restauration, il est remplacé par un autre acte qui redonne de la liberté au souverain pour ce qui concerne la réunion du Parlement, ne se voyant pas opposer de réel mécanisme en cas de non-respect de la triennalité. En 1694, Guillaume III, qui a renversé Jacques II en 1688, approuve un acte de triennalité qui oblige le Parlement à être élu tous les trois ans, et à se réunir chaque année. Dans un contexte d'intrigues politiques entre Whigs et Tories, 1715 voit l'acte de triennalité être abrogé, et remplacé en 1716 par un acte de septennalité, installant les parlementaires une fois élus pour sept ans, favorisant de ce fait une certaine stabilité politique à cette échelle. (fr)
- The Triennial Act 1641 (16 Cha. I c. 1), also known as the Dissolution Act, was an Act passed on 15 February 1641, by the English Long Parliament, during the reign of King Charles I. The act required that Parliament meet for at least a fifty-day session once every three years. It was intended to prevent kings from ruling without Parliament, as Charles had done between 1629 and 1640. If the King failed to call Parliament, the Act required the Lord Chancellor to issue the writs, and failing that, the House of Lords could assemble and issue writs for the election of the House of Commons. Clause 11 was unusual because it explicitly stated that this Bill would receive the royal assent before the end of the parliamentary session. At that time, Bills did not customarily gain royal assent until after the end of the Session. Thus, if Clause 11 had not been present, the Act might not have come into force until the next parliament. In 1664, it was repealed by the Triennial Parliaments Act 1664 (16 Cha. II c. 1). Though the new Act kept the requirement that a parliament be called at least once in three years, there was no mechanism to enforce this requirement. Thus, Charles II was able to rule for the last four years of his reign without calling a parliament. Under the Triennial Act 1694, also known as the Meeting of Parliament Act 1694 (6 & 7 Will. & Mar. c. 2), Parliament met annually and held general elections once every three years. The country now remained in a grip of constant election fever (ten elections in twenty years) and loyalties among MPs were difficult to establish, which increased partisanship and rivalry in Parliament. This state of political instability is often known as the 'Rage of Party'. In 1716, the Septennial Act was passed, under which a parliament could remain in being for up to seven years. This Act ushered in a period of greater stability in British politics, with long-lasting parliaments and governments typical throughout much of the 18th century. (en)
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- La Triennial Act (Ley trienal) es una ley dictada por el Parlamento largo durante la Revolución inglesa, que estableció dos hechos relevantes para la evolución de la institución parlamentaria en Inglaterra: 1.
* El rey no podía disolver por sí solo el parlamento, siendo preciso que éste diera su consentimiento 2.
* El Parlamento debe convocarse cada tres años. Durante el verano de 1640 estalló una guerra de los obispos, y el rey se vio forzado a convocar de nuevo al Parlamento, que fue conocido como Parlamento largo. Es éste quien aprobó la Triennal Act. (es)
- The Triennial Act 1641 (16 Cha. I c. 1), also known as the Dissolution Act, was an Act passed on 15 February 1641, by the English Long Parliament, during the reign of King Charles I. The act required that Parliament meet for at least a fifty-day session once every three years. It was intended to prevent kings from ruling without Parliament, as Charles had done between 1629 and 1640. If the King failed to call Parliament, the Act required the Lord Chancellor to issue the writs, and failing that, the House of Lords could assemble and issue writs for the election of the House of Commons. Clause 11 was unusual because it explicitly stated that this Bill would receive the royal assent before the end of the parliamentary session. At that time, Bills did not customarily gain royal assent until af (en)
- Les Triennial Acts désignent plusieurs actes pris en Angleterre qui établissent que le Parlement doit se réunir au moins une fois tous les trois ans. Ce dispositif a pour objectif de limiter les pouvoirs du roi en le contraignant à réunir l'instance qui exerce un contrôle théorique sur ses fonctions, le Parlement, notamment dans le domaine fiscal. Le premier acte de ce type est approuvé en 1641, au tout début de la contestation parlementaire contre Charles Ier. (fr)
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