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- Ru (Chinese: 襦; pinyin: rú), sometimes referred as shan (Chinese: 衫; pinyin: shān), ao (simplified Chinese: 袄; traditional Chinese: 襖; pinyin: ǎo), and yi (Chinese: 衣; pinyin: yī), is a form of traditional Chinese upper garment, or coat, or jacket, which typically has a right closure; however, some of them can also have a front central opening. It is a daily upper garment for women of the Han Chinese ethnic. It can be worn in combination with a skirt in a style called ruqun, or a pair of trousers in a style called shanku. The shape and structure of Chinese upper garment, generally referred as yi (衣), varied depending on the time period. Clothing style which overlaps and closes to the right originated in China and are referred as being youren (Chinese: 右衽; pinyin: yòurèn; lit. 'right lapel'). The style of yi which overlaps at the front and closes on the right right in a y-shaped, is known as jiaolingyouren (Chinese: 交領右衽; pinyin: jiāolǐngyòurèn; lit. 'intersecting collar right lapel') and started to be worn in the Shang dynasty. Since then the jiaolingyouren yi had been one of the major symbols of the Sino Kingdom and eventually spread throughout Asia. The structure of the jackets worn in the late Qing shared some features of those worn by the Han ethnics in the Ming dynasty. Although the structure of the jacket evolved with time, these forms of jackets continued to be worn in the Republic of China. After the 1930s, these forms of upper garment lost popularity and decreased in use, as qipao and Western dress became more popular. They regained popularity in the 21st century following the Hanfu movement. (en)
- 半衣，为的一种女式衫衣，後世稱為衫子、襦等，一般為單層。由於早期女裝外衣皆為上下連裳的深衣制，半衣的「半」即只覆蓋上半身的衣服。初期為平民女性所穿，後來成為贵族妇女的主要服饰之一。 其式样有宽身、紧身两大類，袖型有大袖、窄袖、琵琶袖等，领式在明代之前有交领右衽开襟、直领对襟，明代起出現立領偏襟、立領對襟，立領對襟者又稱褂。穿着半衣时需衬有内衣，包括貼身穿著的褻衣以及穿於外衣之下的中衣，但亦有省去中衣者。下身穿裙或褲。 (zh)
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- Yi (en)
- Shan (en)
- Ao (en)
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- 衣 (en)
- 襦 (en)
- 衫 (en)
- 袄 (en)
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- Illustration of an ao decorated with flowers from the Qing dynasty, Gujin Tushu Jicheng. It is yuanling ao with a round collar which closes to the right (en)
- Illustration of ao from the Qing dynasty Gujin Tushu Jicheng. This ao shows a frontal closure. (en)
- Illustration of shan from the Gujin Tushu Jicheng, between 1700 and 1725 AD. (en)
- Illustration of shan with a youren round collar and narrow sleeves, decorated with a flower square from the Qing dynasty Gujin Tushu Jicheng. (en)
- Modern reconstruction of a long jacket called chang ao. (en)
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- Imperial Encyclopaedia - Ceremonial Usages - pic479 - 襖.svg (en)
- Daao 1.jpg (en)
- Imperial Encyclopaedia - Ceremonial Usages - pic478 - 衫.svg (en)
- Imperial Encyclopaedia - Ceremonial Usages - pic409 - 寶相花裙襖.svg (en)
- Imperial Encyclopaedia - Ceremonial Usages - pic405 - 胸背花盤領窄袖衫.svg (en)
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- Clothes/ garment (en)
- outer garments/ coat/ jacket/ lined coat (en)
- shirt; robe; gown; jacket (en)
- short coat/ jacket (en)
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- Yī (en)
- shān (en)
- Rú (en)
- ǎo (en)
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- 55 (xsd:integer)
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- China, 19th century - Han Woman's Jacket - 1956.306 - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg (en)
- MET DP241362.jpg (en)
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- Theatrical coat for Court Lady, 18th century. (en)
- Han Woman's ao, 19th century, from the Cleveland Museum of Art (en)
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- 半衣，为的一种女式衫衣，後世稱為衫子、襦等，一般為單層。由於早期女裝外衣皆為上下連裳的深衣制，半衣的「半」即只覆蓋上半身的衣服。初期為平民女性所穿，後來成為贵族妇女的主要服饰之一。 其式样有宽身、紧身两大類，袖型有大袖、窄袖、琵琶袖等，领式在明代之前有交领右衽开襟、直领对襟，明代起出現立領偏襟、立領對襟，立領對襟者又稱褂。穿着半衣时需衬有内衣，包括貼身穿著的褻衣以及穿於外衣之下的中衣，但亦有省去中衣者。下身穿裙或褲。 (zh)
- Ru (Chinese: 襦; pinyin: rú), sometimes referred as shan (Chinese: 衫; pinyin: shān), ao (simplified Chinese: 袄; traditional Chinese: 襖; pinyin: ǎo), and yi (Chinese: 衣; pinyin: yī), is a form of traditional Chinese upper garment, or coat, or jacket, which typically has a right closure; however, some of them can also have a front central opening. It is a daily upper garment for women of the Han Chinese ethnic. It can be worn in combination with a skirt in a style called ruqun, or a pair of trousers in a style called shanku. (en)
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- Ru (upper garment) (en)
- 半衣 (zh)
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