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- A first class constraint is a dynamical quantity in a constrained Hamiltonian system whose Poisson bracket with all the other constraints vanishes on the constraint surface in phase space (the surface implicitly defined by the simultaneous vanishing of all the constraints). To calculate the first class constraint, one assumes that there are no second class constraints, or that they have been calculated previously, and their Dirac brackets generated. First and second class constraints were introduced by Dirac as a way of quantizing mechanical systems such as gauge theories where the symplectic form is degenerate. The terminology of first and second class constraints is confusingly similar to that of primary and secondary constraints, reflecting the manner in which these are generated. These divisions are independent: both first and second class constraints can be either primary or secondary, so this gives altogether four different classes of constraints. (en)
- Une contrainte de première classe est une quantité dynamique dans un système Hamiltonien avec contraintes dont le crochet de Poisson avec toutes les autres contraintes s'annule sur la surface de contraintes dans l'espace de phase (la surface de contraintes est l'ensemble des points où toutes les contraintes s'annulent simultanément dans l'espace de phase). Une contrainte de deuxième classe est une contrainte qui possède au moins un crochet de Poisson non-nul (sur la surface de contraintes) avec les autres contraintes. (fr)
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- 1964 (xsd:integer)
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- Une contrainte de première classe est une quantité dynamique dans un système Hamiltonien avec contraintes dont le crochet de Poisson avec toutes les autres contraintes s'annule sur la surface de contraintes dans l'espace de phase (la surface de contraintes est l'ensemble des points où toutes les contraintes s'annulent simultanément dans l'espace de phase). Une contrainte de deuxième classe est une contrainte qui possède au moins un crochet de Poisson non-nul (sur la surface de contraintes) avec les autres contraintes. (fr)
- A first class constraint is a dynamical quantity in a constrained Hamiltonian system whose Poisson bracket with all the other constraints vanishes on the constraint surface in phase space (the surface implicitly defined by the simultaneous vanishing of all the constraints). To calculate the first class constraint, one assumes that there are no second class constraints, or that they have been calculated previously, and their Dirac brackets generated. (en)
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- First class constraint (en)
- Contraintes de première et deuxième classe (fr)
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