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Ethnic federalism, multi-ethnic or multi-national federalism, is a form of federal system in which the federated regional or state units are defined by ethnicity. Ethnic federal systems have been created in attempts to accommodate demands for ethnic autonomy and manage inter-ethnic tensions within a state. They have not always succeeded in this: problems inherent in the construction and maintenance of an ethnic federation have led to some states or sub-divisions of a state into either breaking up, resorting to authoritarian repression, or resorting to ethnocracy, ethnic segregation, population transfer, internal displacement, ethnic cleansing, and/or even ethnicity-based attacks and pogroms.

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  • Etnofederaciismo estas etne bazita federacia sistemo de tutŝtata regado, en kiu la federaciaj regionaj aŭ subŝtataj unuoj estas difinitaj laŭ kriterioj de etneco. Trajtoj de etnofederaciismo troviĝis en diversaj landoj, inkluzive Etiopion, Nepalon, Pakistanon, Sud-Sudanon, Jugoslavion, kaj Sud-Afrikon en la epoko de apartismo (vd. Bantustanon). Etnofederaciaj sistemoj estis kreitaj pro la strebo akomodiĝi al postuloj pri etna aŭtonomio kaj mastrumi interetnajn ŝtreĉecojn ene de ŝtato. Ili ne ĉiam sukcesis je tio: problemoj strikte kunrilataj kun la konstruo kaj mastrumado de etna federacio kondukis ĉe kelkaj ŝtatoj aŭ subdividoj de ŝtato al secesio, efektivigo de aŭtoritatisma subpremado, etnokratio, etna segregacio, transigo de loĝantaroj, enlanda fuĝo, etna purigado kaj/aŭ eĉ etne bazitaj atakoj kaj pogromoj. (eo)
  • Ethnic federalism, multi-ethnic or multi-national federalism, is a form of federal system in which the federated regional or state units are defined by ethnicity. Ethnic federal systems have been created in attempts to accommodate demands for ethnic autonomy and manage inter-ethnic tensions within a state. They have not always succeeded in this: problems inherent in the construction and maintenance of an ethnic federation have led to some states or sub-divisions of a state into either breaking up, resorting to authoritarian repression, or resorting to ethnocracy, ethnic segregation, population transfer, internal displacement, ethnic cleansing, and/or even ethnicity-based attacks and pogroms. This type of federation has been implemented since the 1990s by Meles Zenawi in Ethiopia. Meles Zenawi and his government adopted ethnic federalism with the aim of establishing the equality of all ethnic groups in Ethiopia. Features of ethnic federalism have been displayed also in other countries, including Nepal, Pakistan, South Sudan, Yugoslavia, and Apartheid-era South Africa (see Bantustans). (en)
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  • Etnofederaciismo estas etne bazita federacia sistemo de tutŝtata regado, en kiu la federaciaj regionaj aŭ subŝtataj unuoj estas difinitaj laŭ kriterioj de etneco. Trajtoj de etnofederaciismo troviĝis en diversaj landoj, inkluzive Etiopion, Nepalon, Pakistanon, Sud-Sudanon, Jugoslavion, kaj Sud-Afrikon en la epoko de apartismo (vd. Bantustanon). (eo)
  • Ethnic federalism, multi-ethnic or multi-national federalism, is a form of federal system in which the federated regional or state units are defined by ethnicity. Ethnic federal systems have been created in attempts to accommodate demands for ethnic autonomy and manage inter-ethnic tensions within a state. They have not always succeeded in this: problems inherent in the construction and maintenance of an ethnic federation have led to some states or sub-divisions of a state into either breaking up, resorting to authoritarian repression, or resorting to ethnocracy, ethnic segregation, population transfer, internal displacement, ethnic cleansing, and/or even ethnicity-based attacks and pogroms. (en)
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  • Ethnic federalism (en)
  • Etnofederaciismo (eo)
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