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Dissimilatory sulfate reduction is a form of anaerobic respiration that uses sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor to produce hydrogen sulfide. This metabolism is found in some types of bacteria and archaea which are often termed sulfate-reducing organisms. The term "dissimilatory" is used when hydrogen sulfide is produced in an anaerobic respiration process. By contrast, the term "assimilatory" would be used in relation to the biosynthesis of organosulfur compounds, even though hydrogen sulfide may be an intermediate. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction occurs in four steps:

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  • Dissimilatory sulfate reduction is a form of anaerobic respiration that uses sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor to produce hydrogen sulfide. This metabolism is found in some types of bacteria and archaea which are often termed sulfate-reducing organisms. The term "dissimilatory" is used when hydrogen sulfide is produced in an anaerobic respiration process. By contrast, the term "assimilatory" would be used in relation to the biosynthesis of organosulfur compounds, even though hydrogen sulfide may be an intermediate. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction occurs in four steps: 1. * Conversion (activation) of sulfate to adenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (APS) via sulfate adenylyltransferase 2. * Reduction of APS to sulfite via adenylyl-sulfate reductase 3. * Transfer of the sulfur atom of sulfite to the DsrC protein creating a trisulfide intermediate catalyzed by DsrAB 4. * Reduction of the trisulfide to sulfide and reduced DsrC via a membrane bound enzyme, DsrMKJOP Which requires the consumption of a single ATP molecule and the input of 8 electrons (e−). The protein complexes responsible for these chemical conversions — Sat, Apr and Dsr — are found in all currently known organisms that perform dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Energetically, sulfate is a poor electron acceptor for microorganisms as the sulfate-sulfite redox couple is E0' -516 mV, which is too negative to allow reduction by NADH or ferrodoxin that are the primary intracellular electron mediators. To overcome this issue, sulfate is first converted into APS by the enzyme ATP sulfurylase (Sat), at the cost of a single ATP molecule. The APS-sulfite redox couple has a E0' of -60 mV, which allows APS to be reduced by either NADH or reduced ferrodoxin using the enzyme adenylyl-sulfate reductase (Apr), which requires the input of 2 electrons. In the final step, sulfite is reduced by the dissimilatory sulfite reductase (Dsr) to form sulfide, requiring the input of 6 electrons. (en)
  • Сульфа́тное дыха́ние, или диссимиляцио́нное восстановле́ние сульфа́та, — анаэробное дыхание, при котором конечным акцептором электронов (окислителем) служит сульфат (SO42−). В качестве донора электронов в сульфатном дыхании обычно выступают молекулярный водород (H2) и различные органические вещества (алифатические и ароматические углеводороды, спирты, углеводы и карбоновые кислоты), в редких случаях металлическое железо. Данный метаболический путь распространён среди бактерий и архей (как правило, анаэробных), которые в связи с этой чертой называют сульфатредукторами. Диссимиляционное восстановление сульфата направлено на формирование трансмембранного градиента протонов и получение клеткой энергии. Это отличает его от , осуществляемого не только прокариотами, но и эукариотами, в том числе растениями, с целью включения серы в состав органических тиосоединений (например, серосодержащих аминокислот). (ru)
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  • Dissimilatory sulfate reduction is a form of anaerobic respiration that uses sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor to produce hydrogen sulfide. This metabolism is found in some types of bacteria and archaea which are often termed sulfate-reducing organisms. The term "dissimilatory" is used when hydrogen sulfide is produced in an anaerobic respiration process. By contrast, the term "assimilatory" would be used in relation to the biosynthesis of organosulfur compounds, even though hydrogen sulfide may be an intermediate. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction occurs in four steps: (en)
  • Сульфа́тное дыха́ние, или диссимиляцио́нное восстановле́ние сульфа́та, — анаэробное дыхание, при котором конечным акцептором электронов (окислителем) служит сульфат (SO42−). В качестве донора электронов в сульфатном дыхании обычно выступают молекулярный водород (H2) и различные органические вещества (алифатические и ароматические углеводороды, спирты, углеводы и карбоновые кислоты), в редких случаях металлическое железо. Данный метаболический путь распространён среди бактерий и архей (как правило, анаэробных), которые в связи с этой чертой называют сульфатредукторами. (ru)
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  • Dissimilatory sulfate reduction (en)
  • Сульфатное дыхание (ru)
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