[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Statistical mapping of tree species over Europe

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
European Journal of Forest Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to map the spatial distribution of twenty tree species groups over Europe at 1 km × 1 km resolution, the ICP-Forest Level-I plot data were extended with the National Forest Inventory (NFI) plot data of eighteen countries. The NFI grids have a much smaller spacing than the ICP grid. In areas with NFI plot data, the proportions of the land area covered by the tree species were mapped by compositional kriging. Outside these areas, these proportions were mapped with a multinomial multiple logistic regression model. A soil map, a biogeographical map and bioindicators derived from temperature and precipitation data were used as predictors. Both methods ensure that the predicted proportions are in the interval [0,1] and sum to 1. The regression predictions were iteratively scaled to the National Forest Inventory statistics and the Forest map of Europe. The predicted proportions for the twenty tree species were validated by the Bhattacharryya distance between predicted and observed proportions at 230 plot data separated from the calibration data. Besides, the map with the predicted dominant species was validated by computing the error matrix. The median Bhattacharryya distance in the subarea with NFI plot data was 1.712, whereas in the subarea with ICP-Level-I data, this was 2.131. The scaling did not significantly decrease the Bhattacharryya distance. The estimated overall accuracy of this map was 43%. In areas with NFI plot data, overall accuracy was 57%, outside these areas 33%. This gain was mainly attributable to the much denser plot data, less to the prediction method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bhattacharryya A (1943) On a measure of divergence between two statistical populations defined by their probability distributions. Bull Calcutta Math Soc 35:99–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohn U, Gollub G, Hettwer C (2000) Map of the natural vegetation of Europe. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn

    Google Scholar 

  • Diggle PJ, Ribeiro PJ Jr (2007) Model-based geostatistics. Springer series in statistics. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • EEA (2006) European forest types, categories and types for sustainable forest management reporting and policy. EEA Technical report, vol 9/2006

  • EEA (2007) Environmentally compatible bio-energy potential from European forests. European Environmental Agency

  • FAO (1992) The digitized soil map of the world—notes. World Soil Resources Report, vol 67 (2–7), Release 1.1. Rome

  • FAO (2007) State of the world’s forests 2007. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasenauer HL (ed) (2006) Sustainable forest management. Growth models for Europe. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Hidalgo PJ, Marín JM, Quijada J, Moreira JM (2008) A spatial distribution model of cork oak (Quercus suber) in southwestern Spain: a suitable tool for reforestation. For Ecol Manag 255:25–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol 25:1965–1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (2000) Applied logistic regression, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlmann T, Verhoog D, Verkerk H, Lindner M, Kaae B, Hasler B, Nielsen TS, Caspersen HO, Jansson T (2008) Land use policy scenarios in six target sectors. In: Helming K, Wiggering H (eds) SENSOR report series, vol 2008/3. ZALF, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • McCullagh P, Nelder JA (1989) Generalized linear models. Chapman and Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • MCPFE Liaison Unit Warsaw, UNECE, FAO (2007) State of Europe’s forests 2007, the MCPFE report on sustainable forest management in Europe

  • Nabuurs GJ, Masera O, Andrasko K, Benitez-Ponce P, Boer R, Dutschke M, Elsiddig E, Ford-Robertson J, Frumhoff P, Karjalainen T, Krankina O, Kurz WA, Matsumoto M, Oyhantcabal W, Ravindranath NH, Sanchez MJS, Zhang X (2007) Forestry. In: Metz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA (eds) Climate change 2007: mitigation. Contribution of working group III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA

  • Päivinen R, van Brusselen J, Schuck A (2009) The growing stock of European forests using remote sensing and forest inventory data. Forestry 82:479–490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne RW, Murray DA, Harding SA, Baird DB, Soutar DM (2007) GenStat for windows (10th Edition) introduction. VSN International, Hemel Hempstead

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearman PB, Randin CF, Broennimann O, Vittoz P, van der Knaap WO, Engler R, Lay GL, Zimmermann NE, Guisan A (2008) Prediction of plant species distributions across six millennia. Ecol Lett 11(4):357–369

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson RG, Dawson TP (2003) Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of species: are bioclimatic envelope models useful? Glob Ecol Biogeogr 12:361–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roekaerts M (2002) The biogeographical regions map of Europe. Basic principles of its creation and overview of its development

  • Schelhaas MJ, Schuck A, Varis S, Zudin S (2003) Database on forest disturbances in Europe (DFDE)—technical description

  • Schelhaas MJ, Eggers J, Lindner M, Nabuurs GJ, Pussinen A, Päivinen R, Schuck A, Verkerk PJ, van der Werf DC, Zudin S (2007) Model documentation for the European forest information scenario model (EFISCEN 3.1)

  • Schuck A, Päivinen R, Häme T, van Brusselen J, Kennedy P, Folving S (2003) Compilation of a European forest map from Portugal to the Ural mountains based on earth observation data and forest statistics. For Policy Econ 5(2):187–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stehman SV (1997) Selecting and interpreting measures of thematic classification accuracy. Remote Sens Environ 62:77–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sykes MT, Prentice IC, Cramer W (1996) A bioclimatic model for the potential distributions of north European tree species under present and future climates. J Biogeogr 23:203–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Thuiller W, Vayreda J, Pino J, Sabate S, Lavorel S, Gracia C (2003) Large-scale environmental correlates of forest tree distributions in Catalonia (NE Spain). Glob Ecol Biogeogr 12:313–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tröltzsch K, van Brusselen J, Schuck A (2009) Spatial occurrence of major tree species groups in Europe derived from multiple data sources. For Ecol Manag 257(1):294–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UN-ECE (2005) European forest sector outlook study, main report. ECE/TIM/SP/20. United Nations, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Verkerk PJ, Lindner M, Zanchi G, Zudin S (2011) Assessing impacts of intensified biomass removal on deadwood in European forests. Ecol Indic 11:27–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walvoort DJ, de Gruijter JJ (2001) Compositional kriging: a spatial interpolation method for compositional data. Math Geol 33:951–966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster R, Oliver MA (2007) Geostatistics for environmental scientists, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was carried out within the framework of European FP5 projects CARBO-Europe IP and EFORWOOD IP. We are greatly indebted to the Forest Focus programme and the National Forest Inventory institute’s correspondents. NFI plot data were received from Jacques Rondeux and Martine Waterinckx, Belgium; Juro Cavlovic, Croatia; Veiko Aderman, Estonia; Kari Korhonen, Finland; Thierry Bélouard, France; Heino Polley, Germany; Marino Vignoli, Remo Bertani, Giorgio Dalmasso and Maurizio Teobaldelli, Italy; Andrius Kuliesis, Lithuania; Wim Daamen and Henny Schoonderwoerd, Netherlands; Stein Tomter, Norway; Susanna Barreiro and Margarida Tomé, Portugal; Olivier Bouriaud, Romania; Vladimir Seben, Slovak Republic; Gal Kusar, Slovenia; J. Villanueva and Antoni Trasobar, Spain; Göran Kempe, Sweden; Bill Mason and Shona Cameron, United Kingdom; Igor Buksha, Ukraine. Finally, we like to thank an anonymous reviewer for his expert comments on the statistics, and the suggestion to use Bhattacharryya distance for validation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    D. J. Brus, G. M. Hengeveld, D. J. J. Walvoort, A. H. Heidema & G. J. Nabuurs

  2. Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 100, 6700 AC, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    P. W. Goedhart

  3. European Forest Institute, Torikatu 34, 80100, Joensuu, Finland

    G. J. Nabuurs & K. Gunia

Authors
  1. D. J. Brus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. M. Hengeveld
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. J. J. Walvoort
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. P. W. Goedhart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. H. Heidema
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. G. J. Nabuurs
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. K. Gunia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. J. Brus.

Additional information

Communicated by J. Müller.

This article originates from the context of the EFORWOOD final conference, 23–24 September 2009, Uppsala, Sweden. EFORWOOD—Sustainability Impact Assessment of Forestry-wood Chains. The project was supported by the European Commission.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 4920 kb)

Supplementary material 2 (PDF 1000 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brus, D.J., Hengeveld, G.M., Walvoort, D.J.J. et al. Statistical mapping of tree species over Europe. Eur J Forest Res 131, 145–157 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-011-0513-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-011-0513-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation