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Safeguarding Consumers through Minimum Quality Standards: Milk Inspections and Urban Mortality, 1880-1910. (2022). Rees, Daniel I ; McKelligott, Michael ; Charles, Kerwin Kofi ; Anderson, Mark D.
In: IZA Discussion Papers.
RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15295.

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  276. Pre-treatment mean = 246.6 N = 838 -100 -50 0 50 100 -6-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Years Since Milk Inspections Began Panel C. Interacting Event-Study Indicators with Percent German, Italian, and Polish Above Median 44 Figure 6. The Effect of Milk Inspections on Diarrheal and Typhoid Mortality Notes: Based on annual data from municipal and state public health reports (1880-1899) and Mortality Statistics (19001910) . Two-way fixed effects estimates (and their 90% confidence intervals) are reported, where the omitted category is one year before treatment. The dependent variable is equal to the number of specified deaths per 100,000 population in city c and year t. All models control for city and year fixed effects. Other public health efforts are listed in Appendix Table A4. Estimates are weighted by city population and standard errors are corrected for clustering at the city level.
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  277. Pre-treatment mean = 78.6 N = 597 -100 -50 0 50 100 -6-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Years Since Milk Inspections Began No controls for other public health efforts 90% CI Controlling for other public health efforts 90% CI Panel A. Diphtheria Mortality, 1880-1899 Pre-treatment mean = 77.4 N = 971 -100 -50 0 50 100 -6-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Years Since Milk Inspections Began No controls for other public health efforts 90% CI Controlling for other public health efforts 90% CI Panel B. Diphtheria Mortality, 1880-1910 46 APPENDIX A For Online Publication 47 2 4 6 1880 1890 1900 1910 Notes: Based on annual data from municipal and state public health reports (1880-1899) and Mortality Statistics (1900-1910).
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  47. London Fog: A Century of Pollution and Mortality, 1866-1965. (2018). Hanlon, W.
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  49. London fog: A century of pollution and mortality, 1866-1965. (2018). Hanlon, W.
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