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Ex-post evaluation of the employment effects of a preferential trade agreement: methodological issues, illustrated with a reference to Chile. (2005). Gutierrez, Gabriel .
In: Comercio Internacional.
RePEc:ecr:col025:4399.

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  1. _____ (1999), Preferential trading and welfare: The small-union case revisited. Mimeo, Univ. Maryland.
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  2. _____ (2004b), Evaluación Acuerdo Comercial Chile – México. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Chile.
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  3. 1. Static welfare effects of a PTA: The simplest case Given an initial situation where there are tariffs on imports,35 a PTA reduces one source of economic distortion by decreasing tariffs among members, but increases another distortion, the geographic disparity in tariffs (discrimination against suppliers from different sources). Thus, a PTA can create trade, improving welfare by shifting production from high-cost domestic producer to lower-cost PTA partner. But it can divert trade, reducing welfare by shifting the source of supply from the lowest-cost supplier (a non-member) to a favored PTA member. The simplest way to introduce these concepts is a model with infinite supply elasticity and zero demand elasticity, as is Figure 1, taken from Panagariya’s (2000). Let us assume that there are three regions: country A, country B and region C (the rest of the world).36 Countries A and B engage in a PTA. The analysis is carried out from A’s viewpoint.
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  4. • Publications available for sale should be ordered from the Distribution Unit, ECLAC, Casilla 179-D, Santiago, Chile, Fax (562) 210 2069, E-mail: publications@eclac.cl. These publications are also available on the Internet: http://www.eclac.org/ and http://www.cepal.org Name: ............................................................................................................................................ Activity:......................................................................................................................................... Address:......................................................................................................................................... Postal code, city, country:.............................................................................................................. Tel.:...................................Fax: ........................ E.mail address: ................................................... ZZZ
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  11. Bhagwati, Krishna and Panagariya (1999), Trading blocs: Alternative approaches to analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements. The MIT Press, Cambridge and London.
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  12. C 0.0247 0.0410 0.6022 0.5495 DUM_BOL-0.2281 0.0697-3.2713 0.0019 DUM_MEX 0.0885 0.0713 1.2406 0.2200 DUM_OUTLIERS 0.2696 0.0166 16.2134 0.0000 R-squared 0.8372 Mean dependent var-0.0017 Adjusted R-squared 0.8283 S.D. dependent var 0.5279 S.E. of regression 0.2187 Akaike info criterion-2.9743 Sum squared resid 2.6318 Schwartz criterion-2.8334 Log likelihood 8.0236 F-statistic 94.2596 Durbin-Watson stat 1.5436 Prob(F-statistic) 0.0000 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the first digit 0 of SITC Rev.2. CEPAL − SERIE Comercio internacional N 57 55 Table 5 DATA DISCREPANCY FOR CHILEAN EXPORTS 1986 – 2001 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_MX_CHL Sample: 1 64 Included observations: 59 Excluded observations: 5 Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  13. C 0.0440 0.0977 0.4507 0.6539 DUM_ARG-0.0933 0.1732-0.5389 0.5921 DUM_MEX-0.0926 0.1692-0.5472 0.5864 R-squared 0.0079 Mean dependent var-0.0017 Adjusted R-squared-0.0276 S.D. dependent var 0.5279 S.E. of regression 0.5351 Akaike info criterion-1.2010 Sum squared resid 16.0357 Schwartz criterion-1.0954 Log likelihood-45.2872 F-statistic 0.2225 Durbin-Watson stat 1.8462 Prob(F-statistic) 0.8012 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the first digit 0 of SITC Rev.2. Table 2 DATA DISCREPANCY FOR CHILEAN EXPORTS 1986 - 2001 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_MX_CHL Sample: 1 64 Included observations: 59 Excluded observations: 5 Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  14. C 0.1177 0.0968 1.2158 0.2292 DUM_BOL-0.3031 0.1658-1.8285 0.0728 DUM_MEX-0.1662 0.1658-1.0028 0.3203 R-squared 0.0589 Mean dependent var-0.0017 Adjusted R-squared 0.0253 S.D. dependent var 0.5279 S.E. of regression 0.5212 Akaike info criterion-1.2538 Sum squared resid 15.2108 Schwartz criterion-1.1482 Log likelihood-43.7291 F-statistic 1.7532 Durbin-Watson stat 1.9423 Prob(F-statistic) 0.1826 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the first digit 0 of SITC Rev.2. Table 4 DATA DISCREPANCY FOR CHILEAN EXPORTS 1986 – 2001 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_MX_CHL Sample: 1 64 Included observations: 59 Excluded observations: 5 Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  15. C 1 610.4160 453.1943 3.5535 0.0005 LN_CHL_GDP_PC 16.7297 5.7112 2.9293 0.0037 LN_DISTKM-1.3273 0.2995-4.4310 0.0000 LN_OTH_GDP_PC 0.5091 0.1567 3.2487 0.0013 YEAR-0.8708 0.2495-3.4898 0.0006 AR(1) 0.5488 0.0601 9.1386 0.0000 R-squared 0.4316 Mean dependent var-0.1402 Adjusted R-squared 0.4196 S.D. dependent var 2.7388 S.E. of regression 2.0866 Akaike info criterion 1.4954 Sum squared resid 1 031.8510 Schwartz criterion 1.5817 Log likelihood-520.4970 F-statistic 35.9898 Durbin-Watson stat 2.0922 Prob(F-statistic) 0.0000 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the second digit (00) of SITC Rev.2. CEPAL − SERIE Comercio internacional N 57 59 Table 9 ESTIMATE OF A SIMPLIFIED GRAVITY MODEL FOR CHILE SITC Rev2 01 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_TONS Sample: 3 998 Included observations: 410 Excluded observations: 586 after adjusting endpoints Convergence achieved after 3 iterations Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  16. C 10.5638 6.5063 1.6236 0.1052 LN_CHL_GDP_PC 0.4571 0.7933 0.5762 0.5648 LN_DISTKM-1.0835 0.2071-5.2313 0.0000 LN_OTH_GDP_PC-0.2305 0.1304-1.7680 0.0778 AR(1) 0.3479 0.0444 7.8318 0.0000 R-squared 0.2595 Mean dependent var 2.4644 Adjusted R-squared 0.2521 S.D. dependent var 3.0878 S.E. of regression 2.6703 Akaike info criterion 1.9765 Sum squared resid 2 887.8170 Schwartz criterion 2.0255 Log likelihood-981.9451 F-statistic 35.4743 Durbin-Watson stat 2.1385 Prob(F-statistic) 0.0000 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the second digit (01) of SITC Rev.2. Table 10 ESTIMATE OF A SIMPLIFIED GRAVITY MODEL FOR CHILE SITC Rev2 02 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_TONS Sample: 3 1106 Included observations: 591 Excluded observations: 513 after adjusting endpoints Convergence achieved after 3 iterations Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  17. C 23.3671 4.5524 5.1329 0.0000 LN_CHL_GDP_PC-1.9481 0.5498-3.5433 0.0005 LN_DISTKM-1.3609 0.2725-4.9939 0.0000 LN_OTH_GDP_PC 0.4453 0.1838 2.4226 0.0160 R-squared 0.1099 Mean dependent var 0.1829 Adjusted R-squared 0.1017 S.D. dependent var 2.7201 S.E. of regression 2.5781 Akaike info criterion 1.9062 Sum squared resid 2 166.8350 Schwartz criterion 1.9522 Log likelihood-778.7682 F-statistic 13.4136 Durbin-Watson stat 0.7996 Prob(F-statistic) 0.0000 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the second digit (00) of SITC Rev.2. Table 8 ESTIMATE OF A SIMPLIFIED GRAVITY MODEL FOR CHILE SITC Rev2 00 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_TONS Sample: 3 506 Included observations: 243 Excluded observations: 261 after adjusting endpoints Convergence achieved after 6 iterations Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  18. C 7.3536 4.5169 1.6280 0.1040 LN_CHL_GDP_PC 0.6485 0.5295 1.2246 0.2212 LN_DISTKM-0.5724 0.1707-3.3534 0.0008 LN_OTH_GDP_PC-0.6774 0.0845-8.0187 0.0000 AR(1) 0.1849 0.0374 4.9427 0.0000 R-squared 0.2116 Mean dependent var 1.1806 Adjusted R-squared 0.2067 S.D. dependent var 2.9442 S.E. of regression 2.6223 Akaike info criterion 1.9357 Sum squared resid 4 483.4280 Schwartz criterion 1.9698 Log likelihood-1 563.1130 F-statistic 43.7363 Durbin-Watson stat 2.1566 Prob(F-statistic) 0.0000 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the second digit (03) of SITC Rev.2. Table 12 ESTIMATE OF A SIMPLIFIED GRAVITY MODEL FOR CHILE SITC Rev2 04 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_TONS Sample: 3 2341 Included observations: 1087 Excluded observations: 1252 after adjusting endpoints Convergence achieved after 3 iterations Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  19. C 7.5207 4.2128 1.7852 0.0745 LN_CHL_GDP_PC 0.9640 0.4930 1.9555 0.0508 LN_DISTKM-1.7603 0.1773-9.9255 0.0000 LN_OTH_GDP_PC 0.4052 0.0937 4.3243 0.0000 AR(1) 0.1462 0.0322 4.5369 0.0000 R-squared 0.1176 Mean dependent var 2.9536 Adjusted R-squared 0.1143 S.D. dependent var 3.4944 S.E. of regression 3.2886 Akaike info criterion 2.3855 Sum squared resid 11 701.6800 Schwartz criterion 2.4085 Log likelihood-2 833.9110 F-statistic 36.0508 Durbin-Watson stat 1.7943 Prob(F-statistic) 0.0000 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the second digit (04) of SITC Rev.2. CEPAL − SERIE Comercio internacional N 57 61 Table 13 ESTIMATE OF A SIMPLIFIED GRAVITY MODEL FOR CHILE SITC Rev2 04 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_TONS Sample: 3 2341 Included observations: 1087 Excluded observations: 1252 after adjusting endpoints Convergence achieved after 4 iterations Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  20. C-0.0562 0.0442-1.2724 0.2086 DUM_ARG 0.0069 0.0777 0.0887 0.9296 DUM_MEX 0.1716 0.0776 2.2110 0.0312 DUM_OUTLIERS 0.2733 0.0182 15.0191 0.0000 R-squared 0.8055 Mean dependent var-0.0017 Adjusted R-squared 0.7949 S.D. dependent var 0.5279 S.E. of regression 0.2391 Akaike info criterion-2.7966 Sum squared resid 3.1434 Schwartz criterion-2.6558 Log likelihood 2.7831 F-statistic 75.9340 Durbin-Watson stat 1.3336 Prob(F-statistic) 0.0000 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the first digit 0 of SITC Rev.2. 56 Due to Chile lack of reporting to Comtrade, 2002 and 2003 could not be included in the database. The commodity classification used was SITC Rev. 2, as the HS spans a significantly shorter period.
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  21. C-0.1197 0.0948-1.2629 0.2119 DUM_BRA 0.3932 0.1623 2.4220 0.0187 DUM_MEX 0.0711 0.1623 0.4382 0.6629 R-squared 0.0973 Mean dependent var-0.0017 Adjusted R-squared 0.0651 S.D. dependent var 0.5279 S.E. of regression 0.5104 Akaike info criterion-1.2955 Sum squared resid 14.5905 Schwartz criterion-1.1898 Log likelihood-42.5009 F-statistic 3.0181 Durbin-Watson stat 2.0288 Prob(F-statistic) 0.0569 Source: Author estimates, over Comtrade data, for products included in the first digit 0 of SITC Rev.2. Table 6 DATA DISCREPANCY FOR CHILEAN EXPORTS 1986 – 2001 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_MX_CHL Sample: 1 64 Included observations: 59 Excluded observations: 5 Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  37. Ex-post evaluation of the employment effects of a Preferential Trade Agreement: methodological issues, illustrated with a reference... 54 Table 3 DATA DISCREPANCY FOR CHILEAN EXPORTS 1986 – 2001 LS // Dependent Variable is LN_MX_CHL Sample: 1 64 Included observations: 59 Excluded observations: 5 Variable Coefficient Std. Error T-Statistic Prob.
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  38. Figure 1 TRADE CREATION AND TRADE DIVERSION Source: Panagariya (2000). 35 The case of tariffs on exports is ignored, given the fact that is has restricted empirical relevance. 36 In all countries it is assumed that there is perfect competition and constant returns to scale. Price is thus equal to cost.
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  64. The case of large countries PTAs is not reviewed here, as most Latin American economies, and certainly Chile, can be classified as being close to the small country case. Suffice to say that, for large countries, PTA trade diversion may well be welfare increasing, due to the improvement in their terms-of-trade.45 45 Cf. Panagariya (2000), pp. 302 ff.
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  69. ZZZ 52 La deslocalización de funciones no esenciales de las empresas: Oportunidades para exportar servicios. El caso de Chile, Joaquín Piña (LC/L.2390-P), N de venta: S.05.II.G.133 (US$ 10.00), septiembre del 2005. ZZZ 53 Implicaciones del Término del Acuerdo sobre los Textiles y el Vestuario (ATV) para el Norte de América Latina, Mikio Kuwayama y Martha Cordero, (LC/L.2399-P), N de venta S.05.II.G.145 (US$ 10.00), octubre del 2005.
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  70. ZZZ 54 Implementing Trade Policy in Latin America: The Cases of Chile and Mexico, Sebastián Sáez, (LC/L.2406-P), N de venta: E.05.II.G.153 (US$ 10.00), September 2005. ZZZ 55 Trade Policy Making in Latin America: A Compared Análisis, Sebastián Sáez, (LC/L.2410-P), N de venta: E.05.II.G.156 (US$ 10.00), November 2005. ZZZ 56 Export Promoting Policies in CARICOM Main issues, effects and implications, Esteban Pérez, (LC/L.2424-P), N de venta: E.05.II.G.171 (US$ 10.00), November 2005. ZZZ 57 Ex-post evaluation of the Employment effects of a PTA: Methodological Issues, Illustrated with a Reference to Chile, Gabriel Gutiérrez, (LC/L.2439-P), N de venta: E.05.II.G.185 (US$ 10.00), December 2005. ZZZ • Readers wishing to obtain the above publications can do so by writing to the following address: ECLAC, Division of International Trade and Integration, Casilla 179-D, Santiago, Chile.
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  7. Tax Policies, Regional Trade Agreements and Foreign Direct Investment: A Welfare Analysis. (2016). 罗, 子俊 ; Chang, Yang-Ming ; Braymen, Charles .
    In: Pacific Economic Review.
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  8. Liberalization and FDI Performance: Evidence from ASEAN and SAFTA Member Countries. (2014). Ullah, Muhammad ; Inaba, Kazuo.
    In: Journal of Economic Structures.
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  9. Emerging countries and trade regionalization. A network analysis. (2014). Tajoli, Lucia ; Iapadre, Lelio P..
    In: Journal of Policy Modeling.
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  10. Human capital, FTAs and foreign direct investment flows into ASEAN. (2014). Narjoko, Dionisius ; Thangavelu, Shandre M..
    In: Journal of Asian Economics.
    RePEc:eee:asieco:v:35:y:2014:i:c:p:65-76.

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  11. Do trade and investment agreements lead to more FDI? Accounting for key provisions inside the black box. (2013). Nunnenkamp, Peter ; Busse, Matthias ; Roy, Martin ; Berger, Axel.
    In: International Economics and Economic Policy.
    RePEc:kap:iecepo:v:10:y:2013:i:2:p:247-275.

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  12. Reshaping Economic Geography of East Africa : From Regional to Global Integration, Volume 2. Technical Annexes. (2012). Bank, World.
    In: World Bank Other Operational Studies.
    RePEc:wbk:wboper:11916.

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  13. The impact of MERCOSUR on trade of Brazilian states. (2012). YÜCER, Ayçıl ; SIROEN, Jean ; Yucer, Aycil .
    In: Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv).
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  14. The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: Contradictions in Australia and in the Asia Pacific Region. (2011). Ranald, Patricia .
    In: The Economic and Labour Relations Review.
    RePEc:sae:ecolab:v:22:y:2011:i:1:p:81-98.

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  15. An SIA analysis of the Investment Chapter in the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). (2011). Prud'homme, Dan ; Prud'homme, Dan, .
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:44014.

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  16. Trade sustainability impact assessment (SIA) on the comprehensive economic and trade agreement (CETA) between the EU and Canada: Final report. (2011). Raihan, Selim ; Prud'homme, Dan ; Bleser, Adam ; Prud'homme, Dan, ; Williams, Michael ; Hinojosa, Leonith ; Mayrand, Karel ; Morin, Jean Frederic ; Pollitt, Hector ; Kirkpatrick, Colin.
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  17. Trade Opportunities for Climate Smart Goods and Technologies in Asia. (2011). Dinda, Soumyananda.
    In: Working Papers.
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  18. Market Access Provisions in Regional Trade Agreement. (2011). Suominen, Kati ; Shearer, Matthew ; Estevadeordal, Antoni.
    In: IDB Publications (Working Papers).
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  19. Do trade and investment agreements lead to more FDI? Accounting for key provisions inside the black box. (2010). Nunnenkamp, Peter ; Busse, Matthias ; Berger, Axel ; Roy, Martin.
    In: WTO Staff Working Papers.
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  20. Do trade and investment agreements lead to more FDI? Accounting for key provisions inside the black box. (2010). Nunnenkamp, Peter ; Busse, Matthias ; Berger, Axel ; Roy, Martin.
    In: Kiel Working Papers.
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  21. Trade Competitiveness of the Middle East and North Africa : Policies for Export Diversification. (2010). Lopez-Calix, Jose R. ; Walkenhorst, Peter ; Diop, Ndiame .
    In: World Bank Publications.
    RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:2466.

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  22. Are Preferential Tariffs Utilized? Evidence from Australian Imports, 2000-9. (2010). Pomfret, Richard ; Findlay, Christopher ; Kaufmann, Uwe.
    In: School of Economics Working Papers.
    RePEc:adl:wpaper:2010-13.

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  23. Market Access Provisions in Regional Trade Agreement. (2009). Estevadeordal, Antoni ; Shearer, Mathew ; Suominen, Kati.
    In: IDB Publications (Working Papers).
    RePEc:idb:brikps:9311.

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  24. The Politics of Foreign Direct Investment into Developing Countries: Increasing FDI through International Trade Agreements?. (2008). Milner, Helen V ; Buthe, Tim .
    In: American Journal of Political Science.
    RePEc:wly:amposc:v:52:y:2008:i:4:p:741-762.

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  25. Trade effects of monetary agreements: Evidence for OECD countries. (2008). Gil-Pareja, Salvador ; Martnez-Serrano, Jos Antonio ; Llorca-Vivero, Rafael.
    In: European Economic Review.
    RePEc:eee:eecrev:v:52:y:2008:i:4:p:733-755.

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  26. Clothes without an Emperor: Analysis of the preferential tariffs in ASEAN. (2008). Manchin, Miriam ; Pelkmans-Balaoing, Annette O..
    In: Journal of Asian Economics.
    RePEc:eee:asieco:v:19:y:2008:i:3:p:213-223.

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  27. Evaluating the trade effect of developing regional trade agreements : a semi-parametric approach. (2007). Coulibaly, Souleymane.
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:4220.

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  28. Agricultural trade liberalization in the Asia-Pacific region with specific reference to preferential trade agreements - scenario and impact analysis. (2007). Bandara, Jayatilleke S. ; Yu, Wusheng.
    In: STUDIES IN TRADE AND INVESTMENT.
    RePEc:unt:ecchap:tipub2451_chap4.

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  29. Preferential trading agreements and agricultural liberalization in East and South-East Asia. (2007). Pasadilla, Gloria O..
    In: STUDIES IN TRADE AND INVESTMENT.
    RePEc:unt:ecchap:tipub2451_chap3.

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  30. Reform-creating regional trade agreements and foreign direct investment: applications for East Asia. (2007). Park, Innwon.
    In: MPRA Paper.
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  31. Are Regional Trade Agreements in Asia Stumbling or Building Blocks? Implications for the Mekong-3 Countries. (2007). Tumbarello, Patrizia.
    In: IMF Working Papers.
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  32. Measuring Trade and Trade Potential : A Survey. (2007). Armstrong, Shiro.
    In: Trade Working Papers.
    RePEc:eab:tradew:21904.

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  33. Clothes without an Emperor: Analysis of the Preferential Tariffs in ASEAN. (2007). Manchin, Miriam ; Pelkmans-Balaoing, Annette O..
    In: Development Working Papers.
    RePEc:csl:devewp:223.

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  34. Measuring Trade and Trade Potential: A Survey. (2007). Armstrong, Shiro.
    In: Asia Pacific Economic Papers.
    RePEc:csg:ajrcau:368.

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  35. Beyond trade : the impact of preferential trade agreements on foreign direct investment inflows. (2006). Medvedev, Denis.
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
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  36. Preferential trade agreements and their role in world trade. (2006). Medvedev, Denis.
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:4038.

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  37. Is There a New Vision for Maghreb Economic Integation? Volume 2. Annex. (2006). Bank, World.
    In: World Bank Other Operational Studies.
    RePEc:wbk:wboper:19624.

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  38. Trade Potential in SAFTA: An Application of Augmented Gravity Model. (2006). Shadat, Wasel ; Rahman, Mustafizur ; Das, Narayan Chandra.
    In: CPD Working Paper.
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  39. Evaluating the Trade and Welfare Effects of Developing RTAs. (2006). Coulibaly, Souleymane.
    In: Cahiers de Recherches Economiques du Département d'Econométrie et d'Economie politique (DEEP).
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  40. Trade Potential in SAFTA - An Application of Augmented Gravity Model. (2006). Shadat, Wasel ; Rahman, Mustafizur ; Das, Narayan Chandra.
    In: Trade Working Papers.
    RePEc:eab:tradew:22296.

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  41. Proliferating Regional Trade Arrangements: Why and Whither?. (2005). Shin, Kwanho ; Park, Innwon ; Lee, Jong-Wha.
    In: International Trade.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwpit:0501010.

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  42. Ex-post evaluation of the employment effects of a preferential trade agreement: methodological issues, illustrated with a reference to Chile. (2005). Gutierrez, Gabriel .
    In: Comercio Internacional.
    RePEc:ecr:col025:4399.

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  43. The Australia–US Free Trade Agreement - An Assessment. (2005). Dee, Philippa.
    In: Trade Working Papers.
    RePEc:eab:tradew:22309.

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  44. The Australia-US Free Trade Agreement: An Assessment. (2005). Dee, Philippa.
    In: Asia Pacific Economic Papers.
    RePEc:csg:ajrcau:345.

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  45. Rules of Origin under the Australia–New Zealand CER Trade Agreement. (2004). Commission, Productivity .
    In: International Trade.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwpit:0410001.

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  46. Global Connectedness and Bilateral Economic Linkages - Which Countries?. (2004). Rose, Jim ; Stevens, Wayne.
    In: Treasury Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:nzt:nztwps:04/09.

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  47. The new U.S. trans-ocean free trade initiatives: estimating export and FDI potentials from dynamic panel data models. (2004). Pridy, Nicolas .
    In: Economics Bulletin.
    RePEc:ebl:ecbull:v:6:y:2004:i:9:p:1-12.

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  48. TAIWANS ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC ARCHITECTURE OF EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC. (2004). Xu, Xinpeng ; Drysdale, Peter.
    In: Trade Working Papers.
    RePEc:eab:tradew:22865.

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  49. Taiwans Role in the Economic Architecture of East Asia and the Pacific. (2004). Xu, Xinpeng ; Drysdale, Peter.
    In: Asia Pacific Economic Papers.
    RePEc:csg:ajrcau:343.

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  50. Investment Provisions in Regional Integration Agreements for Developing Countries. (). Morrissey, Oliver.
    In: Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:not:notcre:08/06.

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