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Allen, Douglas W., and Dean Lueck. The Nature of the Farm: Contracts, Risk, and Organization in Agriculture. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. 2003.
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Christie, William G., and Paul H. Schultz. Why Do NASDAQ Market Makers Avoid Odd-Eighth Quotes? Journal of Finance 49 (December, 1994):1813-40.
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Contracts, Markets, and Prices: Organizing the Production and Use of Agricultural Commodities/ AER-837 Economic Research Service/USDA Key, Nigel, and William McBride.Production Contracts and Productivity in the U.S. Hog Sector, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85 (2003):121-33.
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Cutler, David M., Jonathan Gruber, Raymond S. Hartman, Mary Beth Landrum, Joseph P. Newhouse, and Meredith B. Rosenthal. The Economic Effects of the Tobacco Settlement, Washington: National Bureau of Economic Research, Discussion Paper No. 7760, May 2000.
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Harris, Marshall, and Dean T. Massey. Vertical Coordination Via Contract Farming. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, MP-1073, 1968.
Hart, Oliver. Firms, Contracts, and Financial Structure. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1995. Harwood, Joy, Richard Heifner, Keith Coble, Janet Perry, and Agapi Somwaru. Managing Risk in Farming: Concepts, Research, and Analysis.
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Hueth, Brent, and Ethan Ligon, On the Efficacy of Contractual Provisions for Processing Tomatoes. Paper prepared for University of Maryland Workshop on Economics of Contracting in Agriculture, Annapolis, MD, July, 2002. Hueth, Brent, and David A. Hennessy, Contracts and Risk in Agriculture: Conceptual and Empirical Foundations. In Richard E. Just and Rulon D. Pope, eds., A Comprehensive Assessment of Risk in U.S. Agriculture.
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Key, Nigel. How Much Do Farmers Value Their Independence? Estimating the Risk and Autonomy Premia Associated with Production Contracts, Journal of Agricultural Economics, forthcoming, 2004.
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Lambert, David K., and William W. Wilson. Valuing Varieties with Imperfect Output Quality Measurement, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85 (2003):95-107.
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Lawrence, John D., Ted C. Schroeder, and Marvin Hayenga. Evolving Producer-Packer-Customer Linkages in the Beef and Pork Industries, Review of Agricultural Economics 23 (Fall/Winter, 2001):370-85.
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Manchester, Alden. Rearranging the Economic Landscape: The Food Marketing Revolution. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economics Report No. 660, April, 1992.
Martin, Laura A. Production Contracts, Risk Shifting, and Relative Performance Contracts in the Pork Industry, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 29 (December, 1997):267-78.
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Martinez, Steve W. Vertical Coordination of Marketing Systems: Lessons From the Poultry, Egg and Pork Industries. Washington: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economics Report No. 807, May, 2002.
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Patrick, George F., Wesley N. Musser, and David T. Eckman. Forward Marketing Practices and Attitudes of Large-Scale Midwestern Grain Producers, Review of Agricultural Economics 20 (Spring/Summer, 1998):38-53.
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- Schroeder, Ted C., Sarah Grunewald, and Clement E. Ward. Mandatory Price Reporting in Fed Cattle Markets: Motivations and Implications. Paper presented at Council on Food Agriculture and Resource Economics Annual Symposium, Washington, DC, November 2002.
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Stefanadis, Christodoulos. Selective Contracts, Foreclosure, and the Chicago School View, Journal of Law and Economics 41 (October, 1998):429-50.
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- The Census Bureau conducted a third survey in 1979, the Farm Finance Survey, to measure the use of production (but not marketing) contracts on U.S. farms in 1978 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1982). Results indicated that 43,665 farms (1.9 percent of all farms) used production contracts, covering $12.8 billion of farm production, or just over 10 percent of the total value of production in that year. In 1989, the bureau queried U.S. farmers in the Agricultural Economics and Land Ownership Survey (AELOS) about 1988 production contracts. The results showed modest growth since 1979--the value of commodities produced totaled about $17.9 billion, 13 percent of the total value of production (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990).
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- USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducted the 1997 Census and the 1999 AELOS. Production contracts in the 1999 AELOS covered about $33 billion, 17 percent of the total value of 1999 production (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2001).
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Wachenheim, Cheryl, and Erik DeVuyst. Strategic Response to Mandatory Reporting Legislation in the U.S. Livestock and Meat Industries: Are Collusive Opportunities Enhanced? Agribusiness 17 (Spring 2001):177-95. Ward, Clement. Beef Industry Alliances and Vertical Arrangements.
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Xia, Tian, and Richard Sexton. The Competitive Implications of Top of the Market Pricing and Related Contract-Pricing Clauses, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 86 (February, 2004):124-39.