1. Introduction
This section is non-normative.
Large swathes of the web platform are built on streaming data: that is, data that is created, processed, and consumed in an incremental fashion, without ever reading all of it into memory. The Streams Standard provides a common set of APIs for creating and interfacing with such streaming data, embodied in readable streams, writable streams, and transform streams.
These APIs have been designed to efficiently map to low-level I/O primitives, including specializations for byte streams where appropriate. They allow easy composition of multiple streams into pipe chains, or can be used directly via readers and writers. Finally, they are designed to automatically provide backpressure and queuing.
This standard provides the base stream primitives which other parts of the web platform can use to
expose their streaming data. For example, [FETCH] exposes Response
bodies as ReadableStream
instances. More generally, the platform is full of streaming abstractions waiting
to be expressed as streams: multimedia streams, file streams, inter-global communication, and more
benefit from being able to process data incrementally instead of buffering it all into memory and
processing it in one go. By providing the foundation for these streams to be exposed to developers,
the Streams Standard enables use cases like:
-
Video effects: piping a readable video stream through a transform stream that applies effects in real time.
-
Decompression: piping a file stream through a transform stream that selectively decompresses files from a .tgz archive, turning them into
img
elements as the user scrolls through an image gallery. -
Image decoding: piping an HTTP response stream through a transform stream that decodes bytes into bitmap data, and then through another transform that translates bitmaps into PNGs. If installed inside the
fetch
hook of a service worker, this would allow developers to transparently polyfill new image formats. [SERVICE-WORKERS]
Web developers can also use the APIs described here to create their own streams, with the same APIs as those provided by the platform. Other developers can then transparently compose platform-provided streams with those supplied by libraries. In this way, the APIs described here provide unifying abstraction for all streams, encouraging an ecosystem to grow around these shared and composable interfaces.
2. Model
A chunk is a single piece of data that is written to or read from a stream. It can
be of any type; streams can even contain chunks of different types. A chunk will often not be the
most atomic unit of data for a given stream; for example a byte stream might contain chunks
consisting of 16 KiB Uint8Array
s, instead of single bytes.
2.1. Readable streams
A readable stream represents a source of data, from which you can read. In other
words, data comes out of a readable stream. Concretely, a readable stream is an instance of the ReadableStream
class.
Although a readable stream can be created with arbitrary behavior, most readable streams wrap a lower-level I/O source, called the underlying source. There are two types of underlying source: push sources and pull sources.
Push sources push data at you, whether or not you are listening for it. They may also provide a mechanism for pausing and resuming the flow of data. An example push source is a TCP socket, where data is constantly being pushed from the OS level, at a rate that can be controlled by changing the TCP window size.
Pull sources require you to request data from them. The data may be available synchronously, e.g. if it is held by the operating system’s in-memory buffers, or asynchronously, e.g. if it has to be read from disk. An example pull source is a file handle, where you seek to specific locations and read specific amounts.
Readable streams are designed to wrap both types of sources behind a single, unified interface. For
web developer–created streams, the implementation details of a source are provided by an object with certain methods and properties that is passed to
the ReadableStream()
constructor.
Chunks are enqueued into the stream by the stream’s underlying source. They can then be read
one at a time via the stream’s public interface, in particular by using a readable stream reader acquired using the stream’s getReader()
method.
Code that reads from a readable stream using its public interface is known as a consumer.
Consumers also have the ability to cancel a readable
stream, using its cancel()
method. This indicates that the consumer has lost
interest in the stream, and will immediately close the stream, throw away any queued chunks, and
execute any cancellation mechanism of the underlying source.
Consumers can also tee a readable stream using its tee()
method. This will lock the stream, making it
no longer directly usable; however, it will create two new streams, called branches, which can be consumed independently.
For streams representing bytes, an extended version of the readable stream is provided to handle
bytes efficiently, in particular by minimizing copies. The underlying source for such a readable
stream is called an underlying byte source. A readable stream whose underlying source is
an underlying byte source is sometimes called a readable byte stream. Consumers of
a readable byte stream can acquire a BYOB reader using the stream’s getReader()
method.
2.2. Writable streams
A writable stream represents a destination for data, into which you can write. In
other words, data goes in to a writable stream. Concretely, a writable stream is an
instance of the WritableStream
class.
Analogously to readable streams, most writable streams wrap a lower-level I/O sink, called the underlying sink. Writable streams work to abstract away some of the complexity of the underlying sink, by queuing subsequent writes and only delivering them to the underlying sink one by one.
Chunks are written to the stream via its public interface, and are passed one at a time to the
stream’s underlying sink. For web developer-created streams, the implementation details of the
sink are provided by an object with certain methods that is
passed to the WritableStream()
constructor.
Code that writes into a writable stream using its public interface is known as a producer.
Producers also have the ability to abort a writable stream,
using its abort()
method. This indicates that the producer believes something has
gone wrong, and that future writes should be discontinued. It puts the stream in an errored state,
even without a signal from the underlying sink, and it discards all writes in the stream’s internal queue.
2.3. Transform streams
A transform stream consists of a pair of streams: a writable stream, known as its writable side, and a readable stream, known as its readable side. In a manner specific to the transform stream in question, writes to the writable side result in new data being made available for reading from the readable side.
Concretely, any object with a writable
property and a readable
property
can serve as a transform stream. However, the standard TransformStream
class makes it much
easier to create such a pair that is properly entangled. It wraps a transformer, which
defines algorithms for the specific transformation to be performed. For web developer–created
streams, the implementation details of a transformer are provided by an
object with certain methods and properties that is passed to the TransformStream()
constructor. Other specifications might use the GenericTransformStream
mixin to create classes
with the same writable
/readable
property pair but other custom APIs
layered on top.
An identity transform stream is a type of transform stream which forwards all chunks written to its writable side to its readable side, without any changes. This can
be useful in a variety of scenarios. By default, the TransformStream
constructor will create an identity transform stream, when no transform()
method is present on the transformer object.
Some examples of potential transform streams include:
-
A GZIP compressor, to which uncompressed bytes are written and from which compressed bytes are read;
-
A video decoder, to which encoded bytes are written and from which uncompressed video frames are read;
-
A text decoder, to which bytes are written and from which strings are read;
-
A CSV-to-JSON converter, to which strings representing lines of a CSV file are written and from which corresponding JavaScript objects are read.
2.4. Pipe chains and backpressure
Streams are primarily used by piping them to each other. A readable stream can be piped
directly to a writable stream, using its pipeTo()
method, or it can be piped
through one or more transform streams first, using its pipeThrough()
method.
A set of streams piped together in this way is referred to as a pipe chain. In a pipe chain, the original source is the underlying source of the first readable stream in the chain; the ultimate sink is the underlying sink of the final writable stream in the chain.
Once a pipe chain is constructed, it will propagate signals regarding how fast chunks should flow through it. If any step in the chain cannot yet accept chunks, it propagates a signal backwards through the pipe chain, until eventually the original source is told to stop producing chunks so fast. This process of normalizing flow from the original source according to how fast the chain can process chunks is called backpressure.
Concretely, the original source is given the controller.desiredSize
(or byteController.desiredSize
) value, and can then adjust
its rate of data flow accordingly. This value is derived from the writer.desiredSize
corresponding to the ultimate
sink, which gets updated as the ultimate sink finishes writing chunks. The pipeTo()
method used to construct the chain automatically ensures this
information propagates back through the pipe chain.
When teeing a readable stream, the backpressure signals from its two branches will aggregate, such that if neither branch is read from, a backpressure signal will be sent to the underlying source of the original stream.
Piping locks the readable and writable streams, preventing them from being manipulated for the duration of the pipe operation. This allows the implementation to perform important optimizations, such as directly shuttling data from the underlying source to the underlying sink while bypassing many of the intermediate queues.
2.5. Internal queues and queuing strategies
Both readable and writable streams maintain internal queues, which they use for similar purposes. In the case of a readable stream, the internal queue contains chunks that have been enqueued by the underlying source, but not yet read by the consumer. In the case of a writable stream, the internal queue contains chunks which have been written to the stream by the producer, but not yet processed and acknowledged by the underlying sink.
A queuing strategy is an object that determines how a stream should signal backpressure based on the state of its internal queue. The queuing strategy assigns a size to each chunk, and compares the total size of all chunks in the queue to a specified number, known as the high water mark. The resulting difference, high water mark minus total size, is used to determine the desired size to fill the stream’s queue.
For readable streams, an underlying source can use this desired size as a backpressure signal, slowing down chunk generation so as to try to keep the desired size above or at zero. For writable streams, a producer can behave similarly, avoiding writes that would cause the desired size to go negative.
Concretely, a queuing strategy for web developer–created streams is given by
any JavaScript object with a highWaterMark
property. For byte streams the highWaterMark
always has units of bytes. For other streams the default unit is chunks, but a size()
function can be included in the strategy object
which returns the size for a given chunk. This permits the highWaterMark
to be
specified in arbitrary floating-point units.
In JavaScript, such a strategy could be written manually as
, or using the built-in CountQueuingStrategy
class, as
.
2.6. Locking
A readable stream reader, or simply reader, is an
object that allows direct reading of chunks from a readable stream. Without a reader, a consumer can only perform high-level operations on the readable stream: canceling the stream, or piping the readable stream to a writable stream. A reader is
acquired via the stream’s getReader()
method.
A readable byte stream has the ability to vend two types of readers: default readers and BYOB readers. BYOB ("bring your
own buffer") readers allow reading into a developer-supplied buffer, thus minimizing copies. A
non-byte readable stream can only vend default readers. Default readers are instances of the ReadableStreamDefaultReader
class, while BYOB readers are instances of ReadableStreamBYOBReader
.
Similarly, a writable stream writer, or simply
writer, is an object that allows direct writing of chunks to a writable stream. Without a
writer, a producer can only perform the high-level operations of aborting the stream or piping a readable stream to the writable stream. Writers are
represented by the WritableStreamDefaultWriter
class.
Under the covers, these high-level operations actually use a reader or writer themselves.
A given readable or writable stream only has at most one reader or writer at a time. We say in this
case the stream is locked, and that the
reader or writer is active. This state can be
determined using the readableStream.locked
or writableStream.locked
properties.
A reader or writer also has the capability to release its lock, which makes it no longer active, and allows further readers or
writers to be acquired. This is done via the defaultReader.releaseLock()
, byobReader.releaseLock()
, or writer.releaseLock()
method, as appropriate.
3. Conventions
This specification depends on the Infra Standard. [INFRA]
This specification uses the abstract operation concept from the JavaScript specification for its internal algorithms. This includes treating their return values as completion records, and the use of ! and ? prefixes for unwrapping those completion records. [ECMASCRIPT]
This specification also uses the internal slot concept and notation from the JavaScript specification. (Although, the internal slots are on Web IDL platform objects instead of on JavaScript objects.)
The reasons for the usage of these foreign JavaScript specification conventions are largely historical. We urge you to avoid following our example when writing your own web specifications.
In this specification, all numbers are represented as double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating
point values (like the JavaScript Number type or Web IDL unrestricted double
type), and all
arithmetic operations performed on them must be done in the standard way for such values. This is
particularly important for the data structure described in § 8.1 Queue-with-sizes. [IEEE-754]
4. Readable streams
4.1. Using readable streams
readableStream. pipeTo( writableStream) . then(() => console. log( "All data successfully written!" )) . catch ( e=> console. error( "Something went wrong!" , e));
readableStream. pipeTo( new WritableStream({ write( chunk) { console. log( "Chunk received" , chunk); }, close() { console. log( "All data successfully read!" ); }, abort( e) { console. error( "Something went wrong!" , e); } }));
By returning promises from your write()
implementation, you can signal backpressure to the readable stream.
read()
method to get
successive chunks. For example, this code logs the next chunk in the stream, if available:
const reader= readableStream. getReader(); reader. read(). then( ({ value, done}) => { if ( done) { console. log( "The stream was already closed!" ); } else { console. log( value); } }, e=> console. error( "The stream became errored and cannot be read from!" , e) );
This more manual method of reading a stream is mainly useful for library authors building new high-level operations on streams, beyond the provided ones of piping and teeing.
const reader= readableStream. getReader({ mode: "byob" }); let startingAB= new ArrayBuffer( 1024 ); const buffer= await readInto( startingAB); console. log( "The first 1024 bytes: " , buffer); async function readInto( buffer) { let offset= 0 ; while ( offset< buffer. byteLength) { const { value: view, done} = await reader. read( new Uint8Array( buffer, offset, buffer. byteLength- offset)); buffer= view. buffer; if ( done) { break ; } offset+= view. byteLength; } return buffer; }
An important thing to note here is that the final buffer
value is different from the startingAB
, but it (and all intermediate buffers) shares the same backing memory
allocation. At each step, the buffer is transferred to a new ArrayBuffer
object. The view
is destructured from the return value of reading a
new Uint8Array
, with that ArrayBuffer
object as its buffer
property, the
offset that bytes were written to as its byteOffset
property, and the number of
bytes that were written as its byteLength
property.
Note that this example is mostly educational. For practical purposes, the min
option of read()
provides an easier and more direct way to read an exact number of bytes:
const reader= readableStream. getReader({ mode: "byob" }); const { value: view, done} = await reader. read( new Uint8Array( 1024 ), { min: 1024 }); console. log( "The first 1024 bytes: " , view);
4.2. The ReadableStream
class
The ReadableStream
class is a concrete instance of the general readable stream concept. It
is adaptable to any chunk type, and maintains an internal queue to keep track of data supplied
by the underlying source but not yet read by any consumer.
4.2.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the ReadableStream
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*,Transferable ]interface {
ReadableStream constructor (optional object ,
underlyingSource optional QueuingStrategy = {});
strategy static ReadableStream from (any );
asyncIterable readonly attribute boolean locked ;Promise <undefined >cancel (optional any );
reason ReadableStreamReader getReader (optional ReadableStreamGetReaderOptions = {});
options ReadableStream pipeThrough (ReadableWritablePair ,
transform optional StreamPipeOptions = {});
options Promise <undefined >pipeTo (WritableStream ,
destination optional StreamPipeOptions = {});
options sequence <ReadableStream >tee ();async iterable <any >(optional ReadableStreamIteratorOptions = {}); };
options typedef (ReadableStreamDefaultReader or ReadableStreamBYOBReader );
ReadableStreamReader enum {
ReadableStreamReaderMode };
"byob" dictionary {
ReadableStreamGetReaderOptions ReadableStreamReaderMode ; };
mode dictionary {
ReadableStreamIteratorOptions boolean =
preventCancel false ; };dictionary {
ReadableWritablePair required ReadableStream ;
readable required WritableStream ; };
writable dictionary {
StreamPipeOptions boolean =
preventClose false ;boolean =
preventAbort false ;boolean =
preventCancel false ;AbortSignal ; };
signal
4.2.2. Internal slots
Instances of ReadableStream
are created with the internal slots described in the following
table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[controller]] | A ReadableStreamDefaultController or ReadableByteStreamController created with the ability to control the state and queue of this
stream
|
[[Detached]] | A boolean flag set to true when the stream is transferred |
[[disturbed]] | A boolean flag set to true when the stream has been read from or canceled |
[[reader]] | A ReadableStreamDefaultReader or ReadableStreamBYOBReader instance, if the stream is locked to a reader, or undefined if it is not
|
[[state]] | A string containing the stream’s current state, used internally; one
of "readable ", "closed ", or "errored "
|
[[storedError]] | A value indicating how the stream failed, to be given as a failure reason or exception when trying to operate on an errored stream |
4.2.3. The underlying source API
The ReadableStream()
constructor accepts as its first argument a JavaScript object representing
the underlying source. Such objects can contain any of the following properties:
dictionary {
UnderlyingSource UnderlyingSourceStartCallback start ;UnderlyingSourcePullCallback pull ;UnderlyingSourceCancelCallback cancel ;ReadableStreamType type ; [EnforceRange ]unsigned long long autoAllocateChunkSize ; };typedef (ReadableStreamDefaultController or ReadableByteStreamController );
ReadableStreamController callback =
UnderlyingSourceStartCallback any (ReadableStreamController );
controller callback =
UnderlyingSourcePullCallback Promise <undefined > (ReadableStreamController );
controller callback =
UnderlyingSourceCancelCallback Promise <undefined > (optional any );
reason enum {
ReadableStreamType "bytes" };
start(controller)
, of type UnderlyingSourceStartCallback-
A function that is called immediately during creation of the
ReadableStream
.Typically this is used to adapt a push source by setting up relevant event listeners, as in the example of § 10.1 A readable stream with an underlying push source (no backpressure support), or to acquire access to a pull source, as in § 10.4 A readable stream with an underlying pull source.
If this setup process is asynchronous, it can return a promise to signal success or failure; a rejected promise will error the stream. Any thrown exceptions will be re-thrown by the
ReadableStream()
constructor. pull(controller)
, of type UnderlyingSourcePullCallback-
A function that is called whenever the stream’s internal queue of chunks becomes not full, i.e. whenever the queue’s desired size becomes positive. Generally, it will be called repeatedly until the queue reaches its high water mark (i.e. until the desired size becomes non-positive).
For push sources, this can be used to resume a paused flow, as in § 10.2 A readable stream with an underlying push source and backpressure support. For pull sources, it is used to acquire new chunks to enqueue into the stream, as in § 10.4 A readable stream with an underlying pull source.
This function will not be called until
start()
successfully completes. Additionally, it will only be called repeatedly if it enqueues at least one chunk or fulfills a BYOB request; a no-oppull()
implementation will not be continually called.If the function returns a promise, then it will not be called again until that promise fulfills. (If the promise rejects, the stream will become errored.) This is mainly used in the case of pull sources, where the promise returned represents the process of acquiring a new chunk. Throwing an exception is treated the same as returning a rejected promise.
cancel(reason)
, of type UnderlyingSourceCancelCallback-
A function that is called whenever the consumer cancels the stream, via
stream.cancel()
orreader.cancel()
. It takes as its argument the same value as was passed to those methods by the consumer.Readable streams can additionally be canceled under certain conditions during piping; see the definition of the
pipeTo()
method for more details.For all streams, this is generally used to release access to the underlying resource; see for example § 10.1 A readable stream with an underlying push source (no backpressure support).
If the shutdown process is asynchronous, it can return a promise to signal success or failure; the result will be communicated via the return value of the
cancel()
method that was called. Throwing an exception is treated the same as returning a rejected promise.Even if the cancelation process fails, the stream will still close; it will not be put into an errored state. This is because a failure in the cancelation process doesn’t matter to the consumer’s view of the stream, once they’ve expressed disinterest in it by canceling. The failure is only communicated to the immediate caller of the corresponding method.
This is different from the behavior of the
close
andabort
options of aWritableStream
's underlying sink, which upon failure put the correspondingWritableStream
into an errored state. Those correspond to specific actions the producer is requesting and, if those actions fail, they indicate something more persistently wrong. type
(byte streams only), of type ReadableStreamType-
Can be set to "
bytes
" to signal that the constructedReadableStream
is a readable byte stream. This ensures that the resultingReadableStream
will successfully be able to vend BYOB readers via itsgetReader()
method. It also affects the controller argument passed to thestart()
andpull()
methods; see below.For an example of how to set up a readable byte stream, including using the different controller interface, see § 10.3 A readable byte stream with an underlying push source (no backpressure support).
Setting any value other than "
bytes
" or undefined will cause theReadableStream()
constructor to throw an exception. autoAllocateChunkSize
(byte streams only), of type unsigned long long-
Can be set to a positive integer to cause the implementation to automatically allocate buffers for the underlying source code to write into. In this case, when a consumer is using a default reader, the stream implementation will automatically allocate an
ArrayBuffer
of the given size, so thatcontroller.byobRequest
is always present, as if the consumer was using a BYOB reader.This is generally used to cut down on the amount of code needed to handle consumers that use default readers, as can be seen by comparing § 10.3 A readable byte stream with an underlying push source (no backpressure support) without auto-allocation to § 10.5 A readable byte stream with an underlying pull source with auto-allocation.
The type of the controller argument passed to the start()
and pull()
methods depends on the value of the type
option. If type
is set to undefined (including via omission), then controller will be a ReadableStreamDefaultController
. If it’s set to
"bytes
", then controller will be a ReadableByteStreamController
.
4.2.4. Constructor, methods, and properties
stream = new
ReadableStream
(underlyingSource[, strategy])-
Creates a new
ReadableStream
wrapping the provided underlying source. See § 4.2.3 The underlying source API for more details on the underlyingSource argument.The strategy argument represents the stream’s queuing strategy, as described in § 7.1 The queuing strategy API. If it is not provided, the default behavior will be the same as a
CountQueuingStrategy
with a high water mark of 1. stream =
ReadableStream.from
(asyncIterable)-
Creates a new
ReadableStream
wrapping the provided iterable or async iterable.This can be used to adapt various kinds of objects into a readable stream, such as an array, an async generator, or a Node.js readable stream.
isLocked = stream.
locked
-
Returns whether or not the readable stream is locked to a reader.
await stream.
cancel
([ reason ])-
Cancels the stream, signaling a loss of interest in the stream by a consumer. The supplied reason argument will be given to the underlying source’s
cancel()
method, which might or might not use it.The returned promise will fulfill if the stream shuts down successfully, or reject if the underlying source signaled that there was an error doing so. Additionally, it will reject with a
TypeError
(without attempting to cancel the stream) if the stream is currently locked. reader = stream.
getReader
()-
Creates a
ReadableStreamDefaultReader
and locks the stream to the new reader. While the stream is locked, no other reader can be acquired until this one is released.This functionality is especially useful for creating abstractions that desire the ability to consume a stream in its entirety. By getting a reader for the stream, you can ensure nobody else can interleave reads with yours or cancel the stream, which would interfere with your abstraction.
reader = stream.
getReader
({mode
: "byob
" })-
Creates a
ReadableStreamBYOBReader
and locks the stream to the new reader.This call behaves the same way as the no-argument variant, except that it only works on readable byte streams, i.e. streams which were constructed specifically with the ability to handle "bring your own buffer" reading. The returned BYOB reader provides the ability to directly read individual chunks from the stream via its
read()
method, into developer-supplied buffers, allowing more precise control over allocation. readable = stream.
pipeThrough
({writable
,readable
}[, {preventClose
,preventAbort
,preventCancel
,signal
}])-
Provides a convenient, chainable way of piping this readable stream through a transform stream (or any other
{ writable, readable }
pair). It simply pipes the stream into the writable side of the supplied pair, and returns the readable side for further use.Piping a stream will lock it for the duration of the pipe, preventing any other consumer from acquiring a reader.
await stream.
pipeTo
(destination[, {preventClose
,preventAbort
,preventCancel
,signal
}])-
Pipes this readable stream to a given writable stream destination. The way in which the piping process behaves under various error conditions can be customized with a number of passed options. It returns a promise that fulfills when the piping process completes successfully, or rejects if any errors were encountered.
Piping a stream will lock it for the duration of the pipe, preventing any other consumer from acquiring a reader.
Errors and closures of the source and destination streams propagate as follows:
-
An error in this source readable stream will abort destination, unless
preventAbort
is truthy. The returned promise will be rejected with the source’s error, or with any error that occurs during aborting the destination. -
An error in destination will cancel this source readable stream, unless
preventCancel
is truthy. The returned promise will be rejected with the destination’s error, or with any error that occurs during canceling the source. -
When this source readable stream closes, destination will be closed, unless
preventClose
is truthy. The returned promise will be fulfilled once this process completes, unless an error is encountered while closing the destination, in which case it will be rejected with that error. -
If destination starts out closed or closing, this source readable stream will be canceled, unless
preventCancel
is true. The returned promise will be rejected with an error indicating piping to a closed stream failed, or with any error that occurs during canceling the source.
The
signal
option can be set to anAbortSignal
to allow aborting an ongoing pipe operation via the correspondingAbortController
. In this case, this source readable stream will be canceled, and destination aborted, unless the respective optionspreventCancel
orpreventAbort
are set. -
[branch1, branch2] = stream.
tee
()-
Tees this readable stream, returning a two-element array containing the two resulting branches as new
ReadableStream
instances.Teeing a stream will lock it, preventing any other consumer from acquiring a reader. To cancel the stream, cancel both of the resulting branches; a composite cancellation reason will then be propagated to the stream’s underlying source.
If this stream is a readable byte stream, then each branch will receive its own copy of each chunk. If not, then the chunks seen in each branch will be the same object. If the chunks are not immutable, this could allow interference between the two branches.
new ReadableStream(underlyingSource, strategy)
constructor steps are:
-
If underlyingSource is missing, set it to null.
-
Let underlyingSourceDict be underlyingSource, converted to an IDL value of type
UnderlyingSource
.We cannot declare the underlyingSource argument as having the
UnderlyingSource
type directly, because doing so would lose the reference to the original object. We need to retain the object so we can invoke the various methods on it. -
Perform ! InitializeReadableStream(this).
-
If underlyingSourceDict["
type
"] is "bytes
":-
If strategy["
size
"] exists, throw aRangeError
exception. -
Let highWaterMark be ? ExtractHighWaterMark(strategy, 0).
-
Perform ? SetUpReadableByteStreamControllerFromUnderlyingSource(this, underlyingSource, underlyingSourceDict, highWaterMark).
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Let sizeAlgorithm be ! ExtractSizeAlgorithm(strategy).
-
Let highWaterMark be ? ExtractHighWaterMark(strategy, 1).
-
Perform ? SetUpReadableStreamDefaultControllerFromUnderlyingSource(this, underlyingSource, underlyingSourceDict, highWaterMark, sizeAlgorithm).
from(asyncIterable)
method steps
are:
-
Return ? ReadableStreamFromIterable(asyncIterable).
locked
getter steps are:
-
Return ! IsReadableStreamLocked(this).
cancel(reason)
method steps are:
-
If ! IsReadableStreamLocked(this) is true, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Return ! ReadableStreamCancel(this, reason).
getReader(options)
method steps
are:
-
If options["
mode
"] does not exist, return ? AcquireReadableStreamDefaultReader(this). -
Return ? AcquireReadableStreamBYOBReader(this).
function readAllChunks( readableStream) { const reader= readableStream. getReader(); const chunks= []; return pump(); function pump() { return reader. read(). then(({ value, done}) => { if ( done) { return chunks; } chunks. push( value); return pump(); }); } }
Note how the first thing it does is obtain a reader, and from then on it uses the reader exclusively. This ensures that no other consumer can interfere with the stream, either by reading chunks or by canceling the stream.
pipeThrough(transform, options)
method steps are:
-
If ! IsReadableStreamLocked(this) is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
If ! IsWritableStreamLocked(transform["
writable
"]) is true, throw aTypeError
exception. -
Let signal be options["
signal
"] if it exists, or undefined otherwise. -
Let promise be ! ReadableStreamPipeTo(this, transform["
writable
"], options["preventClose
"], options["preventAbort
"], options["preventCancel
"], signal). -
Set promise.[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
Return transform["
readable
"].
pipeThrough(transform,
options)
would look like
httpResponseBody. pipeThrough( decompressorTransform) . pipeThrough( ignoreNonImageFilesTransform) . pipeTo( mediaGallery);
pipeTo(destination, options)
method steps are:
-
If ! IsReadableStreamLocked(this) is true, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
If ! IsWritableStreamLocked(destination) is true, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Let signal be options["
signal
"] if it exists, or undefined otherwise. -
Return ! ReadableStreamPipeTo(this, destination, options["
preventClose
"], options["preventAbort
"], options["preventCancel
"], signal).
AbortSignal
, as follows:
const controller= new AbortController(); readable. pipeTo( writable, { signal: controller. signal}); // ... some time later ... controller. abort();
(The above omits error handling for the promise returned by pipeTo()
.
Additionally, the impact of the preventAbort
and preventCancel
options what happens when piping is stopped are worth
considering.)
ReadableStream
being piped, while writing into
the same WritableStream
:
const controller= new AbortController(); const pipePromise= readable1. pipeTo( writable, { preventAbort: true , signal: controller. signal}); // ... some time later ... controller. abort(); // Wait for the pipe to complete before starting a new one: try { await pipePromise; } catch ( e) { // Swallow "AbortError" DOMExceptions as expected, but rethrow any unexpected failures. if ( e. name!== "AbortError" ) { throw e; } } // Start the new pipe! readable2. pipeTo( writable);
tee()
method steps are:
-
Return ? ReadableStreamTee(this, false).
cacheEntry
representing an on-disk file, and another writable stream httpRequestBody
representing an upload to a remote server, you could pipe the same
readable stream to both destinations at once:
const [ forLocal, forRemote] = readableStream. tee(); Promise. all([ forLocal. pipeTo( cacheEntry), forRemote. pipeTo( httpRequestBody) ]) . then(() => console. log( "Saved the stream to the cache and also uploaded it!" )) . catch ( e=> console. error( "Either caching or uploading failed: " , e));
4.2.5. Asynchronous iteration
for await (const chunk of stream) { ... }
for await (const chunk of stream.values({
preventCancel
: true })) { ... }-
Asynchronously iterates over the chunks in the stream’s internal queue.
Asynchronously iterating over the stream will lock it, preventing any other consumer from acquiring a reader. The lock will be released if the async iterator’s
return()
method is called, e.g. bybreak
ing out of the loop.By default, calling the async iterator’s
return()
method will also cancel the stream. To prevent this, use the stream’svalues()
method, passing true for thepreventCancel
option.
ReadableStream
, given stream, iterator, and args, are:
-
Let reader be ? AcquireReadableStreamDefaultReader(stream).
-
Set iterator’s reader to reader.
-
Let preventCancel be args[0]["
preventCancel
"]. -
Set iterator’s prevent cancel to preventCancel.
ReadableStream
, given stream and iterator, are:
-
Let reader be iterator’s reader.
-
Assert: reader.[[stream]] is not undefined.
-
Let promise be a new promise.
-
Let readRequest be a new read request with the following items:
- chunk steps, given chunk
-
-
Resolve promise with chunk.
-
- close steps
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRelease(reader).
-
Resolve promise with end of iteration.
-
- error steps, given e
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRelease(reader).
-
Reject promise with e.
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRead(this, readRequest).
-
Return promise.
ReadableStream
, given stream, iterator, and arg, are:
-
Let reader be iterator’s reader.
-
Assert: reader.[[stream]] is not undefined.
-
Assert: reader.[[readRequests]] is empty, as the async iterator machinery guarantees that any previous calls to
next()
have settled before this is called. -
If iterator’s prevent cancel is false:
-
Let result be ! ReadableStreamReaderGenericCancel(reader, arg).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRelease(reader).
-
Return result.
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRelease(reader).
-
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
4.2.6. Transfer via postMessage()
destination.postMessage(rs, { transfer: [rs] });
-
Sends a
ReadableStream
to another frame, window, or worker.The transferred stream can be used exactly like the original. The original will become locked and no longer directly usable.
ReadableStream
objects are transferable objects. Their transfer steps, given value and dataHolder, are:
-
If ! IsReadableStreamLocked(value) is true, throw a "
DataCloneError
"DOMException
. -
Let port1 be a new
MessagePort
in the current Realm. -
Let port2 be a new
MessagePort
in the current Realm. -
Entangle port1 and port2.
-
Let writable be a new
WritableStream
in the current Realm. -
Perform ! SetUpCrossRealmTransformWritable(writable, port1).
-
Let promise be ! ReadableStreamPipeTo(value, writable, false, false, false).
-
Set promise.[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
Set dataHolder.[[port]] to ! StructuredSerializeWithTransfer(port2, « port2 »).
-
Let deserializedRecord be ! StructuredDeserializeWithTransfer(dataHolder.[[port]], the current Realm).
-
Let port be deserializedRecord.[[Deserialized]].
-
Perform ! SetUpCrossRealmTransformReadable(value, port).
4.3. The ReadableStreamGenericReader
mixin
The ReadableStreamGenericReader
mixin defines common internal slots, getters and methods that
are shared between ReadableStreamDefaultReader
and ReadableStreamBYOBReader
objects.
4.3.1. Mixin definition
The Web IDL definition for the ReadableStreamGenericReader
mixin is given as follows:
interface mixin {
ReadableStreamGenericReader readonly attribute Promise <undefined >closed ;Promise <undefined >cancel (optional any ); };
reason
4.3.2. Internal slots
Instances of classes including the ReadableStreamGenericReader
mixin are created with the
internal slots described in the following table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[closedPromise]] | A promise returned by the reader’s closed getter
|
[[stream]] | A ReadableStream instance that owns this reader
|
4.3.3. Methods and properties
closed
getter steps are:
-
Return this.[[closedPromise]].
cancel(reason)
method steps are:
-
If this.[[stream]] is undefined, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Return ! ReadableStreamReaderGenericCancel(this, reason).
4.4. The ReadableStreamDefaultReader
class
The ReadableStreamDefaultReader
class represents a default reader designed to be vended by a ReadableStream
instance.
4.4.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the ReadableStreamDefaultReader
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
ReadableStreamDefaultReader constructor (ReadableStream );
stream Promise <ReadableStreamReadResult >read ();undefined releaseLock (); };ReadableStreamDefaultReader includes ReadableStreamGenericReader ;dictionary {
ReadableStreamReadResult any ;
value boolean ; };
done
4.4.2. Internal slots
Instances of ReadableStreamDefaultReader
are created with the internal slots defined by ReadableStreamGenericReader
, and those described in the following table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[readRequests]] | A list of read requests, used when a consumer requests chunks sooner than they are available |
A read request is a struct containing three algorithms to perform in reaction to filling the readable stream's internal queue or changing its state. It has the following items:
- chunk steps
-
An algorithm taking a chunk, called when a chunk is available for reading
- close steps
-
An algorithm taking no arguments, called when no chunks are available because the stream is closed
- error steps
-
An algorithm taking a JavaScript value, called when no chunks are available because the stream is errored
4.4.3. Constructor, methods, and properties
reader = new
ReadableStreamDefaultReader
(stream)-
This is equivalent to calling
stream.
.getReader()
await reader.
closed
-
Returns a promise that will be fulfilled when the stream becomes closed, or rejected if the stream ever errors or the reader’s lock is released before the stream finishes closing.
await reader.
cancel
([ reason ])-
If the reader is active, behaves the same as
stream.
.cancel
(reason) { value, done } = await reader.
read
()-
Returns a promise that allows access to the next chunk from the stream’s internal queue, if available.
- If the chunk does become available, the promise will be fulfilled with an object of the form
.{ value: theChunk, done: false } - If the stream becomes closed, the promise will be fulfilled with an object of the form
.{ value: undefined , done: true } - If the stream becomes errored, the promise will be rejected with the relevant error.
If reading a chunk causes the queue to become empty, more data will be pulled from the underlying source.
- If the chunk does become available, the promise will be fulfilled with an object of the form
reader.
releaseLock
()-
Releases the reader’s lock on the corresponding stream. After the lock is released, the reader is no longer active. If the associated stream is errored when the lock is released, the reader will appear errored in the same way from now on; otherwise, the reader will appear closed.
If the reader’s lock is released while it still has pending read requests, then the promises returned by the reader’s
read()
method are immediately rejected with aTypeError
. Any unread chunks remain in the stream’s internal queue and can be read later by acquiring a new reader.
new ReadableStreamDefaultReader(stream)
constructor steps are:
-
Perform ? SetUpReadableStreamDefaultReader(this, stream).
read()
method steps are:
-
If this.[[stream]] is undefined, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Let promise be a new promise.
-
Let readRequest be a new read request with the following items:
- chunk steps, given chunk
- close steps
- error steps, given e
-
-
Reject promise with e.
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRead(this, readRequest).
-
Return promise.
releaseLock()
method steps are:
-
If this.[[stream]] is undefined, return.
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRelease(this).
4.5. The ReadableStreamBYOBReader
class
The ReadableStreamBYOBReader
class represents a BYOB reader designed to be vended by a ReadableStream
instance.
4.5.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the ReadableStreamBYOBReader
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
ReadableStreamBYOBReader constructor (ReadableStream );
stream Promise <ReadableStreamReadResult >read (ArrayBufferView ,
view optional ReadableStreamBYOBReaderReadOptions = {});
options undefined releaseLock (); };ReadableStreamBYOBReader includes ReadableStreamGenericReader ;dictionary { [
ReadableStreamBYOBReaderReadOptions EnforceRange ]unsigned long long = 1; };
min
4.5.2. Internal slots
Instances of ReadableStreamBYOBReader
are created with the internal slots defined by ReadableStreamGenericReader
, and those described in the following table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[readIntoRequests]] | A list of read-into requests, used when a consumer requests chunks sooner than they are available |
A read-into request is a struct containing three algorithms to perform in reaction to filling the readable byte stream's internal queue or changing its state. It has the following items:
- chunk steps
-
An algorithm taking a chunk, called when a chunk is available for reading
- close steps
-
An algorithm taking a chunk or undefined, called when no chunks are available because the stream is closed
- error steps
-
An algorithm taking a JavaScript value, called when no chunks are available because the stream is errored
The close steps take a chunk so that it can return the
backing memory to the caller if possible. For example, byobReader.read(chunk)
will fulfill with
for closed streams. If the stream is canceled, the backing memory is discarded and byobReader.read(chunk)
fulfills with the more traditional
instead.
4.5.3. Constructor, methods, and properties
reader = new
ReadableStreamBYOBReader
(stream)-
This is equivalent to calling
stream.
.getReader
({mode
: "byob
" }) await reader.
closed
-
Returns a promise that will be fulfilled when the stream becomes closed, or rejected if the stream ever errors or the reader’s lock is released before the stream finishes closing.
await reader.
cancel
([ reason ])-
If the reader is active, behaves the same
stream.
.cancel
(reason) { value, done } = await reader.
read
(view[, {min
}])-
Attempts to read bytes into view, and returns a promise resolved with the result:
- If the chunk does become available, the promise will be fulfilled with an object of the form
. In this case, view will be detached and no longer usable, but{ value: newView, done: false } newView
will be a new view (of the same type) onto the same backing memory region, with the chunk’s data written into it. - If the stream becomes closed, the promise will be fulfilled with an object of the form
. In this case, view will be detached and no longer usable, but{ value: newView, done: true } newView
will be a new view (of the same type) onto the same backing memory region, with no modifications, to ensure the memory is returned to the caller. - If the reader is canceled, the promise will be fulfilled with
an object of the form
. In this case, the backing memory region of view is discarded and not returned to the caller.{ value: undefined , done: true } - If the stream becomes errored, the promise will be rejected with the relevant error.
If reading a chunk causes the queue to become empty, more data will be pulled from the underlying source.
If
min
is given, then the promise will only be fulfilled as soon as the given minimum number of elements are available. Here, the "number of elements" is given bynewView
’slength
(for typed arrays) ornewView
’sbyteLength
(forDataView
s). If the stream becomes closed, then the promise is fulfilled with the remaining elements in the stream, which might be fewer than the initially requested amount. If not given, then the promise resolves when at least one element is available. - If the chunk does become available, the promise will be fulfilled with an object of the form
reader.
releaseLock
()-
Releases the reader’s lock on the corresponding stream. After the lock is released, the reader is no longer active. If the associated stream is errored when the lock is released, the reader will appear errored in the same way from now on; otherwise, the reader will appear closed.
If the reader’s lock is released while it still has pending read requests, then the promises returned by the reader’s
read()
method are immediately rejected with aTypeError
. Any unread chunks remain in the stream’s internal queue and can be read later by acquiring a new reader.
new ReadableStreamBYOBReader(stream)
constructor
steps are:
-
Perform ? SetUpReadableStreamBYOBReader(this, stream).
read(view, options)
method steps are:
-
If view.[[ByteLength]] is 0, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
If view.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]].[[ArrayBufferByteLength]] is 0, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
If ! IsDetachedBuffer(view.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]]) is true, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
If options["
min
"] is 0, return a promise rejected with aTypeError
exception. -
If view has a [[TypedArrayName]] internal slot,
-
If options["
min
"] > view.[[ArrayLength]], return a promise rejected with aRangeError
exception.
-
-
Otherwise (i.e., it is a
DataView
),-
If options["
min
"] > view.[[ByteLength]], return a promise rejected with aRangeError
exception.
-
-
If this.[[stream]] is undefined, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Let promise be a new promise.
-
Let readIntoRequest be a new read-into request with the following items:
- chunk steps, given chunk
- close steps, given chunk
- error steps, given e
-
-
Reject promise with e.
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamBYOBReaderRead(this, view, options["
min
"], readIntoRequest). -
Return promise.
releaseLock()
method steps are:
-
If this.[[stream]] is undefined, return.
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamBYOBReaderRelease(this).
4.6. The ReadableStreamDefaultController
class
The ReadableStreamDefaultController
class has methods that allow control of a ReadableStream
's state and internal queue. When constructing a ReadableStream
that is
not a readable byte stream, the underlying source is given a corresponding ReadableStreamDefaultController
instance to manipulate.
4.6.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the ReadableStreamDefaultController
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
ReadableStreamDefaultController readonly attribute unrestricted double ?desiredSize ;undefined close ();undefined enqueue (optional any );
chunk undefined error (optional any ); };
e
4.6.2. Internal slots
Instances of ReadableStreamDefaultController
are created with the internal slots described in
the following table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[cancelAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm, taking one argument (the cancel reason), which communicates a requested cancelation to the underlying source |
[[closeRequested]] | A boolean flag indicating whether the stream has been closed by its underlying source, but still has chunks in its internal queue that have not yet been read |
[[pullAgain]] | A boolean flag set to true if the stream’s mechanisms requested a call to the underlying source's pull algorithm to pull more data, but the pull could not yet be done since a previous call is still executing |
[[pullAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm that pulls data from the underlying source |
[[pulling]] | A boolean flag set to true while the underlying source's pull algorithm is executing and the returned promise has not yet fulfilled, used to prevent reentrant calls |
[[queue]] | A list representing the stream’s internal queue of chunks |
[[queueTotalSize]] | The total size of all the chunks stored in [[queue]] (see § 8.1 Queue-with-sizes) |
[[started]] | A boolean flag indicating whether the underlying source has finished starting |
[[strategyHWM]] | A number supplied to the constructor as part of the stream’s queuing strategy, indicating the point at which the stream will apply backpressure to its underlying source |
[[strategySizeAlgorithm]] | An algorithm to calculate the size of enqueued chunks, as part of the stream’s queuing strategy |
[[stream]] | The ReadableStream instance controlled
|
4.6.3. Methods and properties
desiredSize = controller.
desiredSize
-
Returns the desired size to fill the controlled stream’s internal queue. It can be negative, if the queue is over-full. An underlying source ought to use this information to determine when and how to apply backpressure.
controller.
close
()-
Closes the controlled readable stream. Consumers will still be able to read any previously-enqueued chunks from the stream, but once those are read, the stream will become closed.
controller.
enqueue
(chunk)-
Enqueues the given chunk chunk in the controlled readable stream.
controller.
error
(e)-
Errors the controlled readable stream, making all future interactions with it fail with the given error e.
desiredSize
getter steps are:
close()
method steps are:
-
If ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCanCloseOrEnqueue(this) is false, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClose(this).
enqueue(chunk)
method steps are:
-
If ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCanCloseOrEnqueue(this) is false, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Perform ? ReadableStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(this, chunk).
error(e)
method steps are:
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(this, e).
4.6.4. Internal methods
The following are internal methods implemented by each ReadableStreamDefaultController
instance.
The readable stream implementation will polymorphically call to either these, or to their
counterparts for BYOB controllers, as discussed in § 4.9.2 Interfacing with controllers.
-
Perform ! ResetQueue(this).
-
Let result be the result of performing this.[[cancelAlgorithm]], passing reason.
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(this).
-
Return result.
-
Let stream be this.[[stream]].
-
If this.[[queue]] is not empty,
-
Let chunk be ! DequeueValue(this).
-
If this.[[closeRequested]] is true and this.[[queue]] is empty,
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(this).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamClose(stream).
-
-
Otherwise, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCallPullIfNeeded(this).
-
Perform readRequest’s chunk steps, given chunk.
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamAddReadRequest(stream, readRequest).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCallPullIfNeeded(this).
-
-
Return.
4.7. The ReadableByteStreamController
class
The ReadableByteStreamController
class has methods that allow control of a ReadableStream
's
state and internal queue. When constructing a ReadableStream
that is a readable byte
stream, the underlying source is given a corresponding ReadableByteStreamController
instance to manipulate.
4.7.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the ReadableByteStreamController
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
ReadableByteStreamController readonly attribute ReadableStreamBYOBRequest ?byobRequest ;readonly attribute unrestricted double ?desiredSize ;undefined close ();undefined enqueue (ArrayBufferView );
chunk undefined error (optional any ); };
e
4.7.2. Internal slots
Instances of ReadableByteStreamController
are created with the internal slots described in the
following table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[autoAllocateChunkSize]] | A positive integer, when the automatic buffer allocation feature is enabled. In that case, this value specifies the size of buffer to allocate. It is undefined otherwise. |
[[byobRequest]] | A ReadableStreamBYOBRequest instance representing the current BYOB
pull request, or null if there are no pending requests
|
[[cancelAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm, taking one argument (the cancel reason), which communicates a requested cancelation to the underlying byte source |
[[closeRequested]] | A boolean flag indicating whether the stream has been closed by its underlying byte source, but still has chunks in its internal queue that have not yet been read |
[[pullAgain]] | A boolean flag set to true if the stream’s mechanisms requested a call to the underlying byte source's pull algorithm to pull more data, but the pull could not yet be done since a previous call is still executing |
[[pullAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm that pulls data from the underlying byte source |
[[pulling]] | A boolean flag set to true while the underlying byte source's pull algorithm is executing and the returned promise has not yet fulfilled, used to prevent reentrant calls |
[[pendingPullIntos]] | A list of pull-into descriptors |
[[queue]] | A list of readable byte stream queue entries representing the stream’s internal queue of chunks |
[[queueTotalSize]] | The total size, in bytes, of all the chunks stored in [[queue]] (see § 8.1 Queue-with-sizes) |
[[started]] | A boolean flag indicating whether the underlying byte source has finished starting |
[[strategyHWM]] | A number supplied to the constructor as part of the stream’s queuing strategy, indicating the point at which the stream will apply backpressure to its underlying byte source |
[[stream]] | The ReadableStream instance controlled
|
Although ReadableByteStreamController
instances have [[queue]] and [[queueTotalSize]] slots, we do not use most of the abstract operations in § 8.1 Queue-with-sizes on them, as the way
in which we manipulate this queue is rather different than the others in the spec. Instead, we
update the two slots together manually.
This might be cleaned up in a future spec refactoring.
A readable byte stream queue entry is a struct encapsulating the important aspects of a chunk for the specific case of readable byte streams. It has the following items:
- buffer
-
An
ArrayBuffer
, which will be a transferred version of the one originally supplied by the underlying byte source - byte offset
-
A nonnegative integer number giving the byte offset derived from the view originally supplied by the underlying byte source
- byte length
-
A nonnegative integer number giving the byte length derived from the view originally supplied by the underlying byte source
A pull-into descriptor is a struct used to represent pending BYOB pull requests. It has the following items:
- buffer
-
An
ArrayBuffer
- buffer byte length
-
A positive integer representing the initial byte length of buffer
- byte offset
-
A nonnegative integer byte offset into the buffer where the underlying byte source will start writing
- byte length
-
A positive integer number of bytes which can be written into the buffer
- bytes filled
-
A nonnegative integer number of bytes that have been written into the buffer so far
- minimum fill
-
A positive integer representing the minimum number of bytes that must be written into the buffer before the associated
read()
request may be fulfilled. By default, this equals the element size. - element size
-
A positive integer representing the number of bytes that can be written into the buffer at a time, using views of the type described by the view constructor
- view constructor
-
A typed array constructor or
%DataView%
, which will be used for constructing a view with which to write into the buffer - reader type
-
Either "
default
" or "byob
", indicating what type of readable stream reader initiated this request, or "none
" if the initiating reader was released
4.7.3. Methods and properties
byobRequest = controller.
byobRequest
-
Returns the current BYOB pull request, or null if there isn’t one.
desiredSize = controller.
desiredSize
-
Returns the desired size to fill the controlled stream’s internal queue. It can be negative, if the queue is over-full. An underlying byte source ought to use this information to determine when and how to apply backpressure.
controller.
close
()-
Closes the controlled readable stream. Consumers will still be able to read any previously-enqueued chunks from the stream, but once those are read, the stream will become closed.
controller.
enqueue
(chunk)-
Enqueues the given chunk chunk in the controlled readable stream. The chunk has to be an
ArrayBufferView
instance, or else aTypeError
will be thrown. controller.
error
(e)-
Errors the controlled readable stream, making all future interactions with it fail with the given error e.
byobRequest
getter steps are:
-
Return ! ReadableByteStreamControllerGetBYOBRequest(this).
desiredSize
getter steps are:
-
Return ! ReadableByteStreamControllerGetDesiredSize(this).
close()
method
steps are:
-
If this.[[closeRequested]] is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
If this.[[stream]].[[state]] is not "
readable
", throw aTypeError
exception. -
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerClose(this).
enqueue(chunk)
method steps are:
-
If chunk.[[ByteLength]] is 0, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
If chunk.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]].[[ArrayBufferByteLength]] is 0, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
If this.[[closeRequested]] is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
If this.[[stream]].[[state]] is not "
readable
", throw aTypeError
exception. -
Return ? ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueue(this, chunk).
error(e)
method steps are:
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(this, e).
4.7.4. Internal methods
The following are internal methods implemented by each ReadableByteStreamController
instance.
The readable stream implementation will polymorphically call to either these, or to their
counterparts for default controllers, as discussed in § 4.9.2 Interfacing with controllers.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClearPendingPullIntos(this).
-
Perform ! ResetQueue(this).
-
Let result be the result of performing this.[[cancelAlgorithm]], passing in reason.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClearAlgorithms(this).
-
Return result.
-
Let stream be this.[[stream]].
-
Assert: ! ReadableStreamHasDefaultReader(stream) is true.
-
If this.[[queueTotalSize]] > 0,
-
Assert: ! ReadableStreamGetNumReadRequests(stream) is 0.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerFillReadRequestFromQueue(this, readRequest).
-
Return.
-
-
Let autoAllocateChunkSize be this.[[autoAllocateChunkSize]].
-
If autoAllocateChunkSize is not undefined,
-
Let buffer be Construct(
%ArrayBuffer%
, « autoAllocateChunkSize »). -
If buffer is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform readRequest’s error steps, given buffer.[[Value]].
-
Return.
-
-
Let pullIntoDescriptor be a new pull-into descriptor with
- buffer
- buffer.[[Value]]
- buffer byte length
- autoAllocateChunkSize
- byte offset
- 0
- byte length
- autoAllocateChunkSize
- bytes filled
- 0
- minimum fill
- 1
- element size
- 1
- view constructor
%Uint8Array%
- reader type
- "
default
"
-
Append pullIntoDescriptor to this.[[pendingPullIntos]].
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamAddReadRequest(stream, readRequest).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCallPullIfNeeded(this).
-
If this.[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty,
-
Let firstPendingPullInto be this.[[pendingPullIntos]][0].
-
Set firstPendingPullInto’s reader type to "
none
". -
Set this.[[pendingPullIntos]] to the list « firstPendingPullInto ».
-
4.8. The ReadableStreamBYOBRequest
class
The ReadableStreamBYOBRequest
class represents a pull-into request in a ReadableByteStreamController
.
4.8.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the ReadableStreamBYOBRequest
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
ReadableStreamBYOBRequest readonly attribute ArrayBufferView ?view ;undefined respond ([EnforceRange ]unsigned long long );
bytesWritten undefined respondWithNewView (ArrayBufferView ); };
view
4.8.2. Internal slots
Instances of ReadableStreamBYOBRequest
are created with the internal slots described in the
following table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[controller]] | The parent ReadableByteStreamController instance
|
[[view]] | A typed array representing the destination region to which the controller can write generated data, or null after the BYOB request has been invalidated. |
4.8.3. Methods and properties
view = byobRequest.
view
-
Returns the view for writing in to, or null if the BYOB request has already been responded to.
byobRequest.
respond
(bytesWritten)-
Indicates to the associated readable byte stream that bytesWritten bytes were written into
view
, causing the result be surfaced to the consumer.After this method is called,
view
will be transferred and no longer modifiable. byobRequest.
respondWithNewView
(view)-
Indicates to the associated readable byte stream that instead of writing into
view
, the underlying byte source is providing a newArrayBufferView
, which will be given to the consumer of the readable byte stream.The new view has to be a view onto the same backing memory region as
view
, i.e. its buffer has to equal (or be a transferred version of)view
's buffer. ItsbyteOffset
has to equalview
'sbyteOffset
, and itsbyteLength
(representing the number of bytes written) has to be less than or equal to that ofview
.After this method is called, view will be transferred and no longer modifiable.
respond(bytesWritten)
method steps are:
-
If this.[[controller]] is undefined, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
If ! IsDetachedBuffer(this.[[view]].[[ArrayBuffer]]) is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Assert: this.[[view]].[[ViewedArrayBuffer]].[[ByteLength]] > 0.
-
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerRespond(this.[[controller]], bytesWritten).
respondWithNewView(view)
method steps are:
-
If this.[[controller]] is undefined, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
If ! IsDetachedBuffer(view.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]]) is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Return ? ReadableByteStreamControllerRespondWithNewView(this.[[controller]], view).
4.9. Abstract operations
4.9.1. Working with readable streams
The following abstract operations operate on ReadableStream
instances at a higher level.
-
Let reader be a new
ReadableStreamBYOBReader
. -
Perform ? SetUpReadableStreamBYOBReader(reader, stream).
-
Return reader.
-
Let reader be a new
ReadableStreamDefaultReader
. -
Perform ? SetUpReadableStreamDefaultReader(reader, stream).
-
Return reader.
-
If highWaterMark was not passed, set it to 1.
-
If sizeAlgorithm was not passed, set it to an algorithm that returns 1.
-
Assert: ! IsNonNegativeNumber(highWaterMark) is true.
-
Let stream be a new
ReadableStream
. -
Perform ! InitializeReadableStream(stream).
-
Let controller be a new
ReadableStreamDefaultController
. -
Perform ? SetUpReadableStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithm, cancelAlgorithm, highWaterMark, sizeAlgorithm).
-
Return stream.
This abstract operation will throw an exception if and only if the supplied startAlgorithm throws.
-
Let stream be a new
ReadableStream
. -
Perform ! InitializeReadableStream(stream).
-
Let controller be a new
ReadableByteStreamController
. -
Perform ? SetUpReadableByteStreamController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithm, cancelAlgorithm, 0, undefined).
-
Return stream.
This abstract operation will throw an exception if and only if the supplied startAlgorithm throws.
-
Set stream.[[state]] to "
readable
". -
Set stream.[[reader]] and stream.[[storedError]] to undefined.
-
Set stream.[[disturbed]] to false.
-
If stream.[[reader]] is undefined, return false.
-
Return true.
-
Let stream be undefined.
-
Let iteratorRecord be ? GetIterator(asyncIterable, async).
-
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Let pullAlgorithm be the following steps:
-
Let nextResult be IteratorNext(iteratorRecord).
-
If nextResult is an abrupt completion, return a promise rejected with nextResult.[[Value]].
-
Let nextPromise be a promise resolved with nextResult.[[Value]].
-
Return the result of reacting to nextPromise with the following fulfillment steps, given iterResult:
-
If iterResult is not an Object, throw a
TypeError
. -
Let done be ? IteratorComplete(iterResult).
-
If done is true:
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClose(stream.[[controller]]).
-
-
Otherwise:
-
Let value be ? IteratorValue(iterResult).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(stream.[[controller]], value).
-
-
-
-
Let cancelAlgorithm be the following steps, given reason:
-
Let iterator be iteratorRecord.[[Iterator]].
-
Let returnMethod be GetMethod(iterator, "
return
"). -
If returnMethod is an abrupt completion, return a promise rejected with returnMethod.[[Value]].
-
If returnMethod.[[Value]] is undefined, return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Let returnResult be Call(returnMethod.[[Value]], iterator, « reason »).
-
If returnResult is an abrupt completion, return a promise rejected with returnResult.[[Value]].
-
Let returnPromise be a promise resolved with returnResult.[[Value]].
-
Return the result of reacting to returnPromise with the following fulfillment steps, given iterResult:
-
If iterResult is not an Object, throw a
TypeError
. -
Return undefined.
-
-
-
Set stream to ! CreateReadableStream(startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithm, cancelAlgorithm, 0).
-
Return stream.
-
Assert: source implements
ReadableStream
. -
Assert: dest implements
WritableStream
. -
Assert: preventClose, preventAbort, and preventCancel are all booleans.
-
If signal was not given, let signal be undefined.
-
Assert: either signal is undefined, or signal implements
AbortSignal
. -
Assert: ! IsReadableStreamLocked(source) is false.
-
Assert: ! IsWritableStreamLocked(dest) is false.
-
If source.[[controller]] implements
ReadableByteStreamController
, let reader be either ! AcquireReadableStreamBYOBReader(source) or ! AcquireReadableStreamDefaultReader(source), at the user agent’s discretion. -
Otherwise, let reader be ! AcquireReadableStreamDefaultReader(source).
-
Let writer be ! AcquireWritableStreamDefaultWriter(dest).
-
Set source.[[disturbed]] to true.
-
Let shuttingDown be false.
-
Let promise be a new promise.
-
If signal is not undefined,
-
Let abortAlgorithm be the following steps:
-
Let error be signal’s abort reason.
-
Let actions be an empty ordered set.
-
If preventAbort is false, append the following action to actions:
-
If dest.[[state]] is "
writable
", return ! WritableStreamAbort(dest, error). -
Otherwise, return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
If preventCancel is false, append the following action action to actions:
-
If source.[[state]] is "
readable
", return ! ReadableStreamCancel(source, error). -
Otherwise, return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Shutdown with an action consisting of getting a promise to wait for all of the actions in actions, and with error.
-
-
If signal is aborted, perform abortAlgorithm and return promise.
-
Add abortAlgorithm to signal.
-
-
In parallel but not really; see #905, using reader and writer, read all chunks from source and write them to dest. Due to the locking provided by the reader and writer, the exact manner in which this happens is not observable to author code, and so there is flexibility in how this is done. The following constraints apply regardless of the exact algorithm used:
-
Public API must not be used: while reading or writing, or performing any of the operations below, the JavaScript-modifiable reader, writer, and stream APIs (i.e. methods on the appropriate prototypes) must not be used. Instead, the streams must be manipulated directly.
-
Backpressure must be enforced:
-
While WritableStreamDefaultWriterGetDesiredSize(writer) is ≤ 0 or is null, the user agent must not read from reader.
-
If reader is a BYOB reader, WritableStreamDefaultWriterGetDesiredSize(writer) should be used as a basis to determine the size of the chunks read from reader.
It’s frequently inefficient to read chunks that are too small or too large. Other information might be factored in to determine the optimal chunk size.
-
Reads or writes should not be delayed for reasons other than these backpressure signals.
An implementation that waits for each write to successfully complete before proceeding to the next read/write operation violates this recommendation. In doing so, such an implementation makes the internal queue of dest useless, as it ensures dest always contains at most one queued chunk.
-
-
Shutdown must stop activity: if shuttingDown becomes true, the user agent must not initiate further reads from reader, and must only perform writes of already-read chunks, as described below. In particular, the user agent must check the below conditions before performing any reads or writes, since they might lead to immediate shutdown.
-
Error and close states must be propagated: the following conditions must be applied in order.
-
Errors must be propagated forward: if source.[[state]] is or becomes "
errored
", then-
If preventAbort is false, shutdown with an action of ! WritableStreamAbort(dest, source.[[storedError]]) and with source.[[storedError]].
-
Otherwise, shutdown with source.[[storedError]].
-
-
Errors must be propagated backward: if dest.[[state]] is or becomes "
errored
", then-
If preventCancel is false, shutdown with an action of ! ReadableStreamCancel(source, dest.[[storedError]]) and with dest.[[storedError]].
-
Otherwise, shutdown with dest.[[storedError]].
-
-
Closing must be propagated forward: if source.[[state]] is or becomes "
closed
", then-
If preventClose is false, shutdown with an action of ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterCloseWithErrorPropagation(writer).
-
Otherwise, shutdown.
-
-
Closing must be propagated backward: if ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(dest) is true or dest.[[state]] is "
closed
", then-
Assert: no chunks have been read or written.
-
Let destClosed be a new
TypeError
. -
If preventCancel is false, shutdown with an action of ! ReadableStreamCancel(source, destClosed) and with destClosed.
-
Otherwise, shutdown with destClosed.
-
-
-
Shutdown with an action: if any of the above requirements ask to shutdown with an action action, optionally with an error originalError, then:
-
If shuttingDown is true, abort these substeps.
-
Set shuttingDown to true.
-
If dest.[[state]] is "
writable
" and ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(dest) is false, -
Let p be the result of performing action.
-
Upon fulfillment of p, finalize, passing along originalError if it was given.
-
Upon rejection of p with reason newError, finalize with newError.
-
-
Shutdown: if any of the above requirements or steps ask to shutdown, optionally with an error error, then:
-
If shuttingDown is true, abort these substeps.
-
Set shuttingDown to true.
-
If dest.[[state]] is "
writable
" and ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(dest) is false, -
Finalize, passing along error if it was given.
-
-
Finalize: both forms of shutdown will eventually ask to finalize, optionally with an error error, which means to perform the following steps:
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterRelease(writer).
-
If reader implements
ReadableStreamBYOBReader
, perform ! ReadableStreamBYOBReaderRelease(reader). -
Otherwise, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRelease(reader).
-
If signal is not undefined, remove abortAlgorithm from signal.
-
If error was given, reject promise with error.
-
Otherwise, resolve promise with undefined.
-
-
-
Return promise.
Various abstract operations performed here include object creation (often of promises), which usually would require specifying a realm for the created object. However, because of the locking, none of these objects can be observed by author code. As such, the realm used to create them does not matter.
The second argument, cloneForBranch2, governs whether or not the data from the original stream will be cloned (using HTML’s serializable objects framework) before appearing in the second of the returned branches. This is useful for scenarios where both branches are to be consumed in such a way that they might otherwise interfere with each other, such as by transferring their chunks. However, it does introduce a noticeable asymmetry between the two branches, and limits the possible chunks to serializable ones. [HTML]
If stream is a readable byte stream, then cloneForBranch2 is ignored and chunks are cloned unconditionally.
In this standard ReadableStreamTee is always called with cloneForBranch2 set to false; other specifications pass true via the tee wrapper algorithm.
It performs the following steps:
-
Assert: stream implements
ReadableStream
. -
Assert: cloneForBranch2 is a boolean.
-
If stream.[[controller]] implements
ReadableByteStreamController
, return ? ReadableByteStreamTee(stream). -
Return ? ReadableStreamDefaultTee(stream, cloneForBranch2).
-
Assert: stream implements
ReadableStream
. -
Assert: cloneForBranch2 is a boolean.
-
Let reader be ? AcquireReadableStreamDefaultReader(stream).
-
Let reading be false.
-
Let readAgain be false.
-
Let canceled1 be false.
-
Let canceled2 be false.
-
Let reason1 be undefined.
-
Let reason2 be undefined.
-
Let branch1 be undefined.
-
Let branch2 be undefined.
-
Let cancelPromise be a new promise.
-
Let pullAlgorithm be the following steps:
-
If reading is true,
-
Set readAgain to true.
-
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Set reading to true.
-
Let readRequest be a read request with the following items:
- chunk steps, given chunk
-
-
Queue a microtask to perform the following steps:
-
Set readAgain to false.
-
Let chunk1 and chunk2 be chunk.
-
If canceled2 is false and cloneForBranch2 is true,
-
Let cloneResult be StructuredClone(chunk2).
-
If cloneResult is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(branch1.[[controller]], cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(branch2.[[controller]], cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Resolve cancelPromise with ! ReadableStreamCancel(stream, cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Return.
-
-
Otherwise, set chunk2 to cloneResult.[[Value]].
-
-
If canceled1 is false, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(branch1.[[controller]], chunk1).
-
If canceled2 is false, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(branch2.[[controller]], chunk2).
-
Set reading to false.
-
If readAgain is true, perform pullAlgorithm.
-
The microtask delay here is necessary because it takes at least a microtask to detect errors, when we use reader.[[closedPromise]] below. We want errors in stream to error both branches immediately, so we cannot let successful synchronously-available reads happen ahead of asynchronously-available errors.
-
- close steps
-
-
Set reading to false.
-
If canceled1 is false, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClose(branch1.[[controller]]).
-
If canceled2 is false, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClose(branch2.[[controller]]).
-
If canceled1 is false or canceled2 is false, resolve cancelPromise with undefined.
-
- error steps
-
-
Set reading to false.
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRead(reader, readRequest).
-
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let cancel1Algorithm be the following steps, taking a reason argument:
-
Set canceled1 to true.
-
Set reason1 to reason.
-
If canceled2 is true,
-
Let compositeReason be ! CreateArrayFromList(« reason1, reason2 »).
-
Let cancelResult be ! ReadableStreamCancel(stream, compositeReason).
-
Resolve cancelPromise with cancelResult.
-
-
Return cancelPromise.
-
-
Let cancel2Algorithm be the following steps, taking a reason argument:
-
Set canceled2 to true.
-
Set reason2 to reason.
-
If canceled1 is true,
-
Let compositeReason be ! CreateArrayFromList(« reason1, reason2 »).
-
Let cancelResult be ! ReadableStreamCancel(stream, compositeReason).
-
Resolve cancelPromise with cancelResult.
-
-
Return cancelPromise.
-
-
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Set branch1 to ! CreateReadableStream(startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithm, cancel1Algorithm).
-
Set branch2 to ! CreateReadableStream(startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithm, cancel2Algorithm).
-
Upon rejection of reader.[[closedPromise]] with reason r,
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(branch1.[[controller]], r).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(branch2.[[controller]], r).
-
If canceled1 is false or canceled2 is false, resolve cancelPromise with undefined.
-
-
Return « branch1, branch2 ».
-
Assert: stream implements
ReadableStream
. -
Assert: stream.[[controller]] implements
ReadableByteStreamController
. -
Let reader be ? AcquireReadableStreamDefaultReader(stream).
-
Let reading be false.
-
Let readAgainForBranch1 be false.
-
Let readAgainForBranch2 be false.
-
Let canceled1 be false.
-
Let canceled2 be false.
-
Let reason1 be undefined.
-
Let reason2 be undefined.
-
Let branch1 be undefined.
-
Let branch2 be undefined.
-
Let cancelPromise be a new promise.
-
Let forwardReaderError be the following steps, taking a thisReader argument:
-
Upon rejection of thisReader.[[closedPromise]] with reason r,
-
If thisReader is not reader, return.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(branch1.[[controller]], r).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(branch2.[[controller]], r).
-
If canceled1 is false or canceled2 is false, resolve cancelPromise with undefined.
-
-
-
Let pullWithDefaultReader be the following steps:
-
If reader implements
ReadableStreamBYOBReader
,-
Assert: reader.[[readIntoRequests]] is empty.
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamBYOBReaderRelease(reader).
-
Set reader to ! AcquireReadableStreamDefaultReader(stream).
-
Perform forwardReaderError, given reader.
-
-
Let readRequest be a read request with the following items:
- chunk steps, given chunk
-
-
Queue a microtask to perform the following steps:
-
Set readAgainForBranch1 to false.
-
Set readAgainForBranch2 to false.
-
Let chunk1 and chunk2 be chunk.
-
If canceled1 is false and canceled2 is false,
-
Let cloneResult be CloneAsUint8Array(chunk).
-
If cloneResult is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(branch1.[[controller]], cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(branch2.[[controller]], cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Resolve cancelPromise with ! ReadableStreamCancel(stream, cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Return.
-
-
Otherwise, set chunk2 to cloneResult.[[Value]].
-
-
If canceled1 is false, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueue(branch1.[[controller]], chunk1).
-
If canceled2 is false, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueue(branch2.[[controller]], chunk2).
-
Set reading to false.
-
If readAgainForBranch1 is true, perform pull1Algorithm.
-
Otherwise, if readAgainForBranch2 is true, perform pull2Algorithm.
-
The microtask delay here is necessary because it takes at least a microtask to detect errors, when we use reader.[[closedPromise]] below. We want errors in stream to error both branches immediately, so we cannot let successful synchronously-available reads happen ahead of asynchronously-available errors.
-
- close steps
-
-
Set reading to false.
-
If canceled1 is false, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClose(branch1.[[controller]]).
-
If canceled2 is false, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClose(branch2.[[controller]]).
-
If branch1.[[controller]].[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerRespond(branch1.[[controller]], 0).
-
If branch2.[[controller]].[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerRespond(branch2.[[controller]], 0).
-
If canceled1 is false or canceled2 is false, resolve cancelPromise with undefined.
-
- error steps
-
-
Set reading to false.
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRead(reader, readRequest).
-
-
Let pullWithBYOBReader be the following steps, given view and forBranch2:
-
If reader implements
ReadableStreamDefaultReader
,-
Assert: reader.[[readRequests]] is empty.
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRelease(reader).
-
Set reader to ! AcquireReadableStreamBYOBReader(stream).
-
Perform forwardReaderError, given reader.
-
-
Let byobBranch be branch2 if forBranch2 is true, and branch1 otherwise.
-
Let otherBranch be branch2 if forBranch2 is false, and branch1 otherwise.
-
Let readIntoRequest be a read-into request with the following items:
- chunk steps, given chunk
-
-
Queue a microtask to perform the following steps:
-
Set readAgainForBranch1 to false.
-
Set readAgainForBranch2 to false.
-
Let byobCanceled be canceled2 if forBranch2 is true, and canceled1 otherwise.
-
Let otherCanceled be canceled2 if forBranch2 is false, and canceled1 otherwise.
-
If otherCanceled is false,
-
Let cloneResult be CloneAsUint8Array(chunk).
-
If cloneResult is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(byobBranch.[[controller]], cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(otherBranch.[[controller]], cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Resolve cancelPromise with ! ReadableStreamCancel(stream, cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Return.
-
-
Otherwise, let clonedChunk be cloneResult.[[Value]].
-
If byobCanceled is false, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerRespondWithNewView(byobBranch.[[controller]], chunk).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueue(otherBranch.[[controller]], clonedChunk).
-
-
Otherwise, if byobCanceled is false, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerRespondWithNewView(byobBranch.[[controller]], chunk).
-
Set reading to false.
-
If readAgainForBranch1 is true, perform pull1Algorithm.
-
Otherwise, if readAgainForBranch2 is true, perform pull2Algorithm.
-
The microtask delay here is necessary because it takes at least a microtask to detect errors, when we use reader.[[closedPromise]] below. We want errors in stream to error both branches immediately, so we cannot let successful synchronously-available reads happen ahead of asynchronously-available errors.
-
- close steps, given chunk
-
-
Set reading to false.
-
Let byobCanceled be canceled2 if forBranch2 is true, and canceled1 otherwise.
-
Let otherCanceled be canceled2 if forBranch2 is false, and canceled1 otherwise.
-
If byobCanceled is false, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClose(byobBranch.[[controller]]).
-
If otherCanceled is false, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClose(otherBranch.[[controller]]).
-
If chunk is not undefined,
-
Assert: chunk.[[ByteLength]] is 0.
-
If byobCanceled is false, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerRespondWithNewView(byobBranch.[[controller]], chunk).
-
If otherCanceled is false and otherBranch.[[controller]].[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerRespond(otherBranch.[[controller]], 0).
-
-
If byobCanceled is false or otherCanceled is false, resolve cancelPromise with undefined.
-
- error steps
-
-
Set reading to false.
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamBYOBReaderRead(reader, view, 1, readIntoRequest).
-
-
Let pull1Algorithm be the following steps:
-
If reading is true,
-
Set readAgainForBranch1 to true.
-
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Set reading to true.
-
Let byobRequest be ! ReadableByteStreamControllerGetBYOBRequest(branch1.[[controller]]).
-
If byobRequest is null, perform pullWithDefaultReader.
-
Otherwise, perform pullWithBYOBReader, given byobRequest.[[view]] and false.
-
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let pull2Algorithm be the following steps:
-
If reading is true,
-
Set readAgainForBranch2 to true.
-
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Set reading to true.
-
Let byobRequest be ! ReadableByteStreamControllerGetBYOBRequest(branch2.[[controller]]).
-
If byobRequest is null, perform pullWithDefaultReader.
-
Otherwise, perform pullWithBYOBReader, given byobRequest.[[view]] and true.
-
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let cancel1Algorithm be the following steps, taking a reason argument:
-
Set canceled1 to true.
-
Set reason1 to reason.
-
If canceled2 is true,
-
Let compositeReason be ! CreateArrayFromList(« reason1, reason2 »).
-
Let cancelResult be ! ReadableStreamCancel(stream, compositeReason).
-
Resolve cancelPromise with cancelResult.
-
-
Return cancelPromise.
-
-
Let cancel2Algorithm be the following steps, taking a reason argument:
-
Set canceled2 to true.
-
Set reason2 to reason.
-
If canceled1 is true,
-
Let compositeReason be ! CreateArrayFromList(« reason1, reason2 »).
-
Let cancelResult be ! ReadableStreamCancel(stream, compositeReason).
-
Resolve cancelPromise with cancelResult.
-
-
Return cancelPromise.
-
-
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Set branch1 to ! CreateReadableByteStream(startAlgorithm, pull1Algorithm, cancel1Algorithm).
-
Set branch2 to ! CreateReadableByteStream(startAlgorithm, pull2Algorithm, cancel2Algorithm).
-
Perform forwardReaderError, given reader.
-
Return « branch1, branch2 ».
4.9.2. Interfacing with controllers
In terms of specification factoring, the way that the ReadableStream
class encapsulates the
behavior of both simple readable streams and readable byte streams into a single class is by
centralizing most of the potentially-varying logic inside the two controller classes, ReadableStreamDefaultController
and ReadableByteStreamController
. Those classes define most
of the stateful internal slots and abstract operations for how a stream’s internal queue is
managed and how it interfaces with its underlying source or underlying byte source.
Each controller class defines three internal methods, which are called by the ReadableStream
algorithms:
- [[CancelSteps]](reason)
- The controller’s steps that run in reaction to the stream being canceled, used to clean up the state stored in the controller and inform the underlying source.
- [[PullSteps]](readRequest)
- The controller’s steps that run when a default reader is read from, used to pull from the controller any queued chunks, or pull from the underlying source to get more chunks.
- [[ReleaseSteps]]()
- The controller’s steps that run when a reader is released, used to clean up reader-specific resources stored in the controller.
(These are defined as internal methods, instead of as abstract operations, so that they can be
called polymorphically by the ReadableStream
algorithms, without having to branch on which type
of controller is present.)
The rest of this section concerns abstract operations that go in the other direction: they are
used by the controller implementations to affect their associated ReadableStream
object. This
translates internal state changes of the controller into developer-facing results visible through
the ReadableStream
's public API.
-
Assert: stream.[[reader]] implements
ReadableStreamBYOBReader
. -
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
readable
" or "closed
". -
Append readRequest to stream.[[reader]].[[readIntoRequests]].
-
Assert: stream.[[reader]] implements
ReadableStreamDefaultReader
. -
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
readable
". -
Append readRequest to stream.[[reader]].[[readRequests]].
-
Set stream.[[disturbed]] to true.
-
If stream.[[state]] is "
closed
", return a promise resolved with undefined. -
If stream.[[state]] is "
errored
", return a promise rejected with stream.[[storedError]]. -
Perform ! ReadableStreamClose(stream).
-
Let reader be stream.[[reader]].
-
If reader is not undefined and reader implements
ReadableStreamBYOBReader
,-
Let readIntoRequests be reader.[[readIntoRequests]].
-
Set reader.[[readIntoRequests]] to an empty list.
-
For each readIntoRequest of readIntoRequests,
-
Perform readIntoRequest’s close steps, given undefined.
-
-
-
Let sourceCancelPromise be ! stream.[[controller]].[[CancelSteps]](reason).
-
Return the result of reacting to sourceCancelPromise with a fulfillment step that returns undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
readable
". -
Set stream.[[state]] to "
closed
". -
Let reader be stream.[[reader]].
-
If reader is undefined, return.
-
Resolve reader.[[closedPromise]] with undefined.
-
If reader implements
ReadableStreamDefaultReader
,-
Let readRequests be reader.[[readRequests]].
-
Set reader.[[readRequests]] to an empty list.
-
For each readRequest of readRequests,
-
Perform readRequest’s close steps.
-
-
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
readable
". -
Set stream.[[state]] to "
errored
". -
Set stream.[[storedError]] to e.
-
Let reader be stream.[[reader]].
-
If reader is undefined, return.
-
Reject reader.[[closedPromise]] with e.
-
Set reader.[[closedPromise]].[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
If reader implements
ReadableStreamDefaultReader
,-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderErrorReadRequests(reader, e).
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: reader implements
ReadableStreamBYOBReader
. -
Perform ! ReadableStreamBYOBReaderErrorReadIntoRequests(reader, e).
-
-
Assert: ! ReadableStreamHasBYOBReader(stream) is true.
-
Let reader be stream.[[reader]].
-
Assert: reader.[[readIntoRequests]] is not empty.
-
Let readIntoRequest be reader.[[readIntoRequests]][0].
-
Remove readIntoRequest from reader.[[readIntoRequests]].
-
If done is true, perform readIntoRequest’s close steps, given chunk.
-
Otherwise, perform readIntoRequest’s chunk steps, given chunk.
-
Assert: ! ReadableStreamHasDefaultReader(stream) is true.
-
Let reader be stream.[[reader]].
-
Assert: reader.[[readRequests]] is not empty.
-
Let readRequest be reader.[[readRequests]][0].
-
Remove readRequest from reader.[[readRequests]].
-
If done is true, perform readRequest’s close steps.
-
Otherwise, perform readRequest’s chunk steps, given chunk.
-
Assert: ! ReadableStreamHasBYOBReader(stream) is true.
-
Return stream.[[reader]].[[readIntoRequests]]'s size.
-
Assert: ! ReadableStreamHasDefaultReader(stream) is true.
-
Return stream.[[reader]].[[readRequests]]'s size.
-
Let reader be stream.[[reader]].
-
If reader is undefined, return false.
-
If reader implements
ReadableStreamBYOBReader
, return true. -
Return false.
-
Let reader be stream.[[reader]].
-
If reader is undefined, return false.
-
If reader implements
ReadableStreamDefaultReader
, return true. -
Return false.
4.9.3. Readers
The following abstract operations support the implementation and manipulation of ReadableStreamDefaultReader
and ReadableStreamBYOBReader
instances.
-
Let stream be reader.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream is not undefined.
-
Return ! ReadableStreamCancel(stream, reason).
-
Set reader.[[stream]] to stream.
-
Set stream.[[reader]] to reader.
-
If stream.[[state]] is "
readable
",-
Set reader.[[closedPromise]] to a new promise.
-
-
Otherwise, if stream.[[state]] is "
closed
",-
Set reader.[[closedPromise]] to a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
errored
". -
Set reader.[[closedPromise]] to a promise rejected with stream.[[storedError]].
-
Set reader.[[closedPromise]].[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
-
Let stream be reader.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream is not undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[reader]] is reader.
-
If stream.[[state]] is "
readable
", reject reader.[[closedPromise]] with aTypeError
exception. -
Otherwise, set reader.[[closedPromise]] to a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Set reader.[[closedPromise]].[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
Perform ! stream.[[controller]].[[ReleaseSteps]]().
-
Set stream.[[reader]] to undefined.
-
Set reader.[[stream]] to undefined.
-
Let readIntoRequests be reader.[[readIntoRequests]].
-
Set reader.[[readIntoRequests]] to a new empty list.
-
For each readIntoRequest of readIntoRequests,
-
Perform readIntoRequest’s error steps, given e.
-
-
Let stream be reader.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream is not undefined.
-
Set stream.[[disturbed]] to true.
-
If stream.[[state]] is "
errored
", perform readIntoRequest’s error steps given stream.[[storedError]]. -
Otherwise, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerPullInto(stream.[[controller]], view, min, readIntoRequest).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamReaderGenericRelease(reader).
-
Let e be a new
TypeError
exception. -
Perform ! ReadableStreamBYOBReaderErrorReadIntoRequests(reader, e).
-
Let readRequests be reader.[[readRequests]].
-
Set reader.[[readRequests]] to a new empty list.
-
For each readRequest of readRequests,
-
Perform readRequest’s error steps, given e.
-
-
Let stream be reader.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream is not undefined.
-
Set stream.[[disturbed]] to true.
-
If stream.[[state]] is "
closed
", perform readRequest’s close steps. -
Otherwise, if stream.[[state]] is "
errored
", perform readRequest’s error steps given stream.[[storedError]]. -
Otherwise,
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
readable
". -
Perform ! stream.[[controller]].[[PullSteps]](readRequest).
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamReaderGenericRelease(reader).
-
Let e be a new
TypeError
exception. -
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderErrorReadRequests(reader, e).
-
If ! IsReadableStreamLocked(stream) is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
If stream.[[controller]] does not implement
ReadableByteStreamController
, throw aTypeError
exception. -
Perform ! ReadableStreamReaderGenericInitialize(reader, stream).
-
Set reader.[[readIntoRequests]] to a new empty list.
-
If ! IsReadableStreamLocked(stream) is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Perform ! ReadableStreamReaderGenericInitialize(reader, stream).
-
Set reader.[[readRequests]] to a new empty list.
4.9.4. Default controllers
The following abstract operations support the implementation of the ReadableStreamDefaultController
class.
-
Let shouldPull be ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerShouldCallPull(controller).
-
If shouldPull is false, return.
-
If controller.[[pulling]] is true,
-
Set controller.[[pullAgain]] to true.
-
Return.
-
-
Assert: controller.[[pullAgain]] is false.
-
Set controller.[[pulling]] to true.
-
Let pullPromise be the result of performing controller.[[pullAlgorithm]].
-
Upon fulfillment of pullPromise,
-
Set controller.[[pulling]] to false.
-
If controller.[[pullAgain]] is true,
-
Set controller.[[pullAgain]] to false.
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCallPullIfNeeded(controller).
-
-
-
Upon rejection of pullPromise with reason e,
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(controller, e).
-
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCanCloseOrEnqueue(controller) is false, return false.
-
If controller.[[started]] is false, return false.
-
If ! IsReadableStreamLocked(stream) is true and ! ReadableStreamGetNumReadRequests(stream) > 0, return true.
-
Let desiredSize be ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerGetDesiredSize(controller).
-
Assert: desiredSize is not null.
-
If desiredSize > 0, return true.
-
Return false.
ReadableStream
itself is still referenced.
This is observable using weak references. See tc39/proposal-weakrefs#31 for more detail.
It performs the following steps:
-
Set controller.[[pullAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Set controller.[[cancelAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Set controller.[[strategySizeAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
If ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCanCloseOrEnqueue(controller) is false, return.
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
Set controller.[[closeRequested]] to true.
-
If controller.[[queue]] is empty,
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamClose(stream).
-
-
If ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCanCloseOrEnqueue(controller) is false, return.
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If ! IsReadableStreamLocked(stream) is true and ! ReadableStreamGetNumReadRequests(stream) > 0, perform ! ReadableStreamFulfillReadRequest(stream, chunk, false).
-
Otherwise,
-
Let result be the result of performing controller.[[strategySizeAlgorithm]], passing in chunk, and interpreting the result as a completion record.
-
If result is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(controller, result.[[Value]]).
-
Return result.
-
-
Let chunkSize be result.[[Value]].
-
Let enqueueResult be EnqueueValueWithSize(controller, chunk, chunkSize).
-
If enqueueResult is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(controller, enqueueResult.[[Value]]).
-
Return enqueueResult.
-
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCallPullIfNeeded(controller).
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If stream.[[state]] is not "
readable
", return. -
Perform ! ResetQueue(controller).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamError(stream, e).
-
Let state be controller.[[stream]].[[state]].
-
If state is "
errored
", return null. -
If state is "
closed
", return 0. -
Return controller.[[strategyHWM]] − controller.[[queueTotalSize]].
TransformStream
. It performs the following steps:
-
If ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerShouldCallPull(controller) is true, return false.
-
Otherwise, return true.
-
Let state be controller.[[stream]].[[state]].
-
If controller.[[closeRequested]] is false and state is "
readable
", return true. -
Otherwise, return false.
The case where controller.[[closeRequested]] is false, but state is not "readable
", happens when the stream is errored via controller.error()
, or when it is closed without its
controller’s controller.close()
method ever being
called: e.g., if the stream was closed by a call to stream.cancel()
.
-
Assert: stream.[[controller]] is undefined.
-
Set controller.[[stream]] to stream.
-
Perform ! ResetQueue(controller).
-
Set controller.[[started]], controller.[[closeRequested]], controller.[[pullAgain]], and controller.[[pulling]] to false.
-
Set controller.[[strategySizeAlgorithm]] to sizeAlgorithm and controller.[[strategyHWM]] to highWaterMark.
-
Set controller.[[pullAlgorithm]] to pullAlgorithm.
-
Set controller.[[cancelAlgorithm]] to cancelAlgorithm.
-
Set stream.[[controller]] to controller.
-
Let startResult be the result of performing startAlgorithm. (This might throw an exception.)
-
Let startPromise be a promise resolved with startResult.
-
Upon fulfillment of startPromise,
-
Set controller.[[started]] to true.
-
Assert: controller.[[pulling]] is false.
-
Assert: controller.[[pullAgain]] is false.
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCallPullIfNeeded(controller).
-
-
Upon rejection of startPromise with reason r,
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(controller, r).
-
-
Let controller be a new
ReadableStreamDefaultController
. -
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Let pullAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Let cancelAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns a promise resolved with undefined.
-
If underlyingSourceDict["
start
"] exists, then set startAlgorithm to an algorithm which returns the result of invoking underlyingSourceDict["start
"] with argument list « controller » and callback this value underlyingSource. -
If underlyingSourceDict["
pull
"] exists, then set pullAlgorithm to an algorithm which returns the result of invoking underlyingSourceDict["pull
"] with argument list « controller » and callback this value underlyingSource. -
If underlyingSourceDict["
cancel
"] exists, then set cancelAlgorithm to an algorithm which takes an argument reason and returns the result of invoking underlyingSourceDict["cancel
"] with argument list « reason » and callback this value underlyingSource. -
Perform ? SetUpReadableStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithm, cancelAlgorithm, highWaterMark, sizeAlgorithm).
4.9.5. Byte stream controllers
-
Let shouldPull be ! ReadableByteStreamControllerShouldCallPull(controller).
-
If shouldPull is false, return.
-
If controller.[[pulling]] is true,
-
Set controller.[[pullAgain]] to true.
-
Return.
-
-
Assert: controller.[[pullAgain]] is false.
-
Set controller.[[pulling]] to true.
-
Let pullPromise be the result of performing controller.[[pullAlgorithm]].
-
Upon fulfillment of pullPromise,
-
Set controller.[[pulling]] to false.
-
If controller.[[pullAgain]] is true,
-
Set controller.[[pullAgain]] to false.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCallPullIfNeeded(controller).
-
-
-
Upon rejection of pullPromise with reason e,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(controller, e).
-
ReadableStream
itself is still referenced.
This is observable using weak references. See tc39/proposal-weakrefs#31 for more detail.
It performs the following steps:
-
Set controller.[[pullAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Set controller.[[cancelAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerInvalidateBYOBRequest(controller).
-
Set controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] to a new empty list.
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If controller.[[closeRequested]] is true or stream.[[state]] is not "
readable
", return. -
If controller.[[queueTotalSize]] > 0,
-
Set controller.[[closeRequested]] to true.
-
Return.
-
-
If controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty,
-
Let firstPendingPullInto be controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0].
-
If the remainder after dividing firstPendingPullInto’s bytes filled by firstPendingPullInto’s element size is not 0,
-
Let e be a new
TypeError
exception. -
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(controller, e).
-
Throw e.
-
-
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamClose(stream).
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is not "
errored
". -
Assert: pullIntoDescriptor.reader type is not "
none
". -
Let done be false.
-
If stream.[[state]] is "
closed
",-
Assert: the remainder after dividing pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled by pullIntoDescriptor’s element size is 0.
-
Set done to true.
-
-
Let filledView be ! ReadableByteStreamControllerConvertPullIntoDescriptor(pullIntoDescriptor).
-
If pullIntoDescriptor’s reader type is "
default
",-
Perform ! ReadableStreamFulfillReadRequest(stream, filledView, done).
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: pullIntoDescriptor’s reader type is "
byob
". -
Perform ! ReadableStreamFulfillReadIntoRequest(stream, filledView, done).
-
-
Let bytesFilled be pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled.
-
Let elementSize be pullIntoDescriptor’s element size.
-
Assert: bytesFilled ≤ pullIntoDescriptor’s byte length.
-
Assert: the remainder after dividing bytesFilled by elementSize is 0.
-
Let buffer be ! TransferArrayBuffer(pullIntoDescriptor’s buffer).
-
Return ! Construct(pullIntoDescriptor’s view constructor, « buffer, pullIntoDescriptor’s byte offset, bytesFilled ÷ elementSize »).
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If controller.[[closeRequested]] is true or stream.[[state]] is not "
readable
", return. -
Let buffer be chunk.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]].
-
Let byteOffset be chunk.[[ByteOffset]].
-
Let byteLength be chunk.[[ByteLength]].
-
If ! IsDetachedBuffer(buffer) is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Let transferredBuffer be ? TransferArrayBuffer(buffer).
-
If controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty,
-
Let firstPendingPullInto be controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0].
-
If ! IsDetachedBuffer(firstPendingPullInto’s buffer) is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerInvalidateBYOBRequest(controller).
-
Set firstPendingPullInto’s buffer to ! TransferArrayBuffer(firstPendingPullInto’s buffer).
-
If firstPendingPullInto’s reader type is "
none
", perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueueDetachedPullIntoToQueue(controller, firstPendingPullInto).
-
-
If ! ReadableStreamHasDefaultReader(stream) is true,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerProcessReadRequestsUsingQueue(controller).
-
If ! ReadableStreamGetNumReadRequests(stream) is 0,
-
Assert: controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is empty.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueueChunkToQueue(controller, transferredBuffer, byteOffset, byteLength).
-
-
Otherwise,
-
If controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty,
-
Assert: controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0]'s reader type is "
default
". -
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerShiftPendingPullInto(controller).
-
-
Let transferredView be ! Construct(
%Uint8Array%
, « transferredBuffer, byteOffset, byteLength »). -
Perform ! ReadableStreamFulfillReadRequest(stream, transferredView, false).
-
-
Otherwise, if ! ReadableStreamHasBYOBReader(stream) is true,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueueChunkToQueue(controller, transferredBuffer, byteOffset, byteLength).
-
Let filledPullIntos be the result of performing ! ReadableByteStreamControllerProcessPullIntoDescriptorsUsingQueue(controller).
-
For each filledPullInto of filledPullIntos,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCommitPullIntoDescriptor(controller.[[stream]], filledPullInto).
-
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: ! IsReadableStreamLocked(stream) is false.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueueChunkToQueue(controller, transferredBuffer, byteOffset, byteLength).
-
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCallPullIfNeeded(controller).
-
Append a new readable byte stream queue entry with buffer buffer, byte offset byteOffset, and byte length byteLength to controller.[[queue]].
-
Set controller.[[queueTotalSize]] to controller.[[queueTotalSize]] + byteLength.
-
Let cloneResult be CloneArrayBuffer(buffer, byteOffset, byteLength,
%ArrayBuffer%
). -
If cloneResult is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(controller, cloneResult.[[Value]]).
-
Return cloneResult.
-
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueueChunkToQueue(controller, cloneResult.[[Value]], 0, byteLength).
-
Assert: pullIntoDescriptor’s reader type is "
none
". -
If pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled > 0, perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueueClonedChunkToQueue(controller, pullIntoDescriptor’s buffer, pullIntoDescriptor’s byte offset, pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerShiftPendingPullInto(controller).
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If stream.[[state]] is not "
readable
", return. -
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClearPendingPullIntos(controller).
-
Perform ! ResetQueue(controller).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamError(stream, e).
-
Assert: either controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is empty, or controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0] is pullIntoDescriptor.
-
Assert: controller.[[byobRequest]] is null.
-
Set pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled to bytes filled + size.
-
Let maxBytesToCopy be min(controller.[[queueTotalSize]], pullIntoDescriptor’s byte length − pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled).
-
Let maxBytesFilled be pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled + maxBytesToCopy.
-
Let totalBytesToCopyRemaining be maxBytesToCopy.
-
Let ready be false.
-
Assert: ! IsDetachedBuffer(pullIntoDescriptor’s buffer) is false.
-
Assert: pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled < pullIntoDescriptor’s minimum fill.
-
Let remainderBytes be the remainder after dividing maxBytesFilled by pullIntoDescriptor’s element size.
-
Let maxAlignedBytes be maxBytesFilled − remainderBytes.
-
If maxAlignedBytes ≥ pullIntoDescriptor’s minimum fill,
-
Set totalBytesToCopyRemaining to maxAlignedBytes − pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled.
-
Set ready to true.
A descriptor for a
read()
request that is not yet filled up to its minimum length will stay at the head of the queue, so the underlying source can keep filling it.
-
-
Let queue be controller.[[queue]].
-
While totalBytesToCopyRemaining > 0,
-
Let headOfQueue be queue[0].
-
Let bytesToCopy be min(totalBytesToCopyRemaining, headOfQueue’s byte length).
-
Let destStart be pullIntoDescriptor’s byte offset + pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled.
-
Assert: ! CanCopyDataBlockBytes(pullIntoDescriptor’s buffer, destStart, headOfQueue’s buffer, headOfQueue’s byte offset, bytesToCopy) is true.
If this assertion were to fail (due to a bug in this specification or its implementation), then the next step may read from or write to potentially invalid memory. The user agent should always check this assertion, and stop in an implementation-defined manner if it fails (e.g. by crashing the process, or by erroring the stream).
-
Perform ! CopyDataBlockBytes(pullIntoDescriptor’s buffer.[[ArrayBufferData]], destStart, headOfQueue’s buffer.[[ArrayBufferData]], headOfQueue’s byte offset, bytesToCopy).
-
If headOfQueue’s byte length is bytesToCopy,
-
Remove queue[0].
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Set headOfQueue’s byte offset to headOfQueue’s byte offset + bytesToCopy.
-
Set headOfQueue’s byte length to headOfQueue’s byte length − bytesToCopy.
-
-
Set controller.[[queueTotalSize]] to controller.[[queueTotalSize]] − bytesToCopy.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerFillHeadPullIntoDescriptor(controller, bytesToCopy, pullIntoDescriptor).
-
Set totalBytesToCopyRemaining to totalBytesToCopyRemaining − bytesToCopy.
-
-
If ready is false,
-
Assert: controller.[[queueTotalSize]] is 0.
-
Assert: pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled > 0.
-
Assert: pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled < pullIntoDescriptor’s minimum fill.
-
-
Return ready.
-
Assert: controller.[[queueTotalSize]] > 0.
-
Let entry be controller.[[queue]][0].
-
Set controller.[[queueTotalSize]] to controller.[[queueTotalSize]] − entry’s byte length.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerHandleQueueDrain(controller).
-
Let view be ! Construct(
%Uint8Array%
, « entry’s buffer, entry’s byte offset, entry’s byte length »). -
Perform readRequest’s chunk steps, given view.
-
If controller.[[byobRequest]] is null and controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty,
-
Let firstDescriptor be controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0].
-
Let view be ! Construct(
%Uint8Array%
, « firstDescriptor’s buffer, firstDescriptor’s byte offset + firstDescriptor’s bytes filled, firstDescriptor’s byte length − firstDescriptor’s bytes filled »). -
Let byobRequest be a new
ReadableStreamBYOBRequest
. -
Set byobRequest.[[controller]] to controller.
-
Set byobRequest.[[view]] to view.
-
Set controller.[[byobRequest]] to byobRequest.
-
-
Return controller.[[byobRequest]].
-
Let state be controller.[[stream]].[[state]].
-
If state is "
errored
", return null. -
If state is "
closed
", return 0. -
Return controller.[[strategyHWM]] − controller.[[queueTotalSize]].
-
Assert: controller.[[stream]].[[state]] is "
readable
". -
If controller.[[queueTotalSize]] is 0 and controller.[[closeRequested]] is true,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamClose(controller.[[stream]]).
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCallPullIfNeeded(controller).
-
-
If controller.[[byobRequest]] is null, return.
-
Set controller.[[byobRequest]].[[controller]] to undefined.
-
Set controller.[[byobRequest]].[[view]] to null.
-
Set controller.[[byobRequest]] to null.
-
Assert: controller.[[closeRequested]] is false.
-
Let filledPullIntos be a new empty list.
-
While controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty,
-
If controller.[[queueTotalSize]] is 0, then break.
-
Let pullIntoDescriptor be controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0].
-
If ! ReadableByteStreamControllerFillPullIntoDescriptorFromQueue(controller, pullIntoDescriptor) is true,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerShiftPendingPullInto(controller).
-
Append pullIntoDescriptor to filledPullIntos.
-
-
-
Return filledPullIntos.
-
Let reader be controller.[[stream]].[[reader]].
-
Assert: reader implements
ReadableStreamDefaultReader
. -
While reader.[[readRequests]] is not empty,
-
If controller.[[queueTotalSize]] is 0, return.
-
Let readRequest be reader.[[readRequests]][0].
-
Remove readRequest from reader.[[readRequests]].
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerFillReadRequestFromQueue(controller, readRequest).
-
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
Let elementSize be 1.
-
Let ctor be
%DataView%
. -
If view has a [[TypedArrayName]] internal slot (i.e., it is not a
DataView
),-
Set elementSize to the element size specified in the typed array constructors table for view.[[TypedArrayName]].
-
Set ctor to the constructor specified in the typed array constructors table for view.[[TypedArrayName]].
-
-
Let minimumFill be min × elementSize.
-
Assert: minimumFill ≥ 0 and minimumFill ≤ view.[[ByteLength]].
-
Assert: the remainder after dividing minimumFill by elementSize is 0.
-
Let byteOffset be view.[[ByteOffset]].
-
Let byteLength be view.[[ByteLength]].
-
Let bufferResult be TransferArrayBuffer(view.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]]).
-
If bufferResult is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform readIntoRequest’s error steps, given bufferResult.[[Value]].
-
Return.
-
-
Let buffer be bufferResult.[[Value]].
-
Let pullIntoDescriptor be a new pull-into descriptor with
- buffer
- buffer
- buffer byte length
- buffer.[[ArrayBufferByteLength]]
- byte offset
- byteOffset
- byte length
- byteLength
- bytes filled
- 0
- minimum fill
- minimumFill
- element size
- elementSize
- view constructor
- ctor
- reader type
- "
byob
"
-
If controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty,
-
Append pullIntoDescriptor to controller.[[pendingPullIntos]].
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamAddReadIntoRequest(stream, readIntoRequest).
-
Return.
-
-
If stream.[[state]] is "
closed
",-
Let emptyView be ! Construct(ctor, « pullIntoDescriptor’s buffer, pullIntoDescriptor’s byte offset, 0 »).
-
Perform readIntoRequest’s close steps, given emptyView.
-
Return.
-
-
If controller.[[queueTotalSize]] > 0,
-
If ! ReadableByteStreamControllerFillPullIntoDescriptorFromQueue(controller, pullIntoDescriptor) is true,
-
Let filledView be ! ReadableByteStreamControllerConvertPullIntoDescriptor(pullIntoDescriptor).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerHandleQueueDrain(controller).
-
Perform readIntoRequest’s chunk steps, given filledView.
-
Return.
-
-
If controller.[[closeRequested]] is true,
-
Let e be a
TypeError
exception. -
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(controller, e).
-
Perform readIntoRequest’s error steps, given e.
-
Return.
-
-
-
Append pullIntoDescriptor to controller.[[pendingPullIntos]].
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamAddReadIntoRequest(stream, readIntoRequest).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCallPullIfNeeded(controller).
-
Assert: controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty.
-
Let firstDescriptor be controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0].
-
Let state be controller.[[stream]].[[state]].
-
If state is "
closed
",-
If bytesWritten is not 0, throw a
TypeError
exception.
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: state is "
readable
". -
If bytesWritten is 0, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
If firstDescriptor’s bytes filled + bytesWritten > firstDescriptor’s byte length, throw a
RangeError
exception.
-
-
Set firstDescriptor’s buffer to ! TransferArrayBuffer(firstDescriptor’s buffer).
-
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerRespondInternal(controller, bytesWritten).
-
Assert: the remainder after dividing firstDescriptor’s bytes filled by firstDescriptor’s element size is 0.
-
If firstDescriptor’s reader type is "
none
", perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerShiftPendingPullInto(controller). -
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If ! ReadableStreamHasBYOBReader(stream) is true,
-
Let filledPullIntos be a new empty list.
-
Let i be 0.
-
While i < ! ReadableStreamGetNumReadIntoRequests(stream),
-
Let pullIntoDescriptor be ! ReadableByteStreamControllerShiftPendingPullInto(controller).
-
Append pullIntoDescriptor to filledPullIntos.
-
Set i to i + 1.
-
-
For each filledPullInto of filledPullIntos,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCommitPullIntoDescriptor(stream, filledPullInto).
-
-
-
Assert: pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled + bytesWritten ≤ pullIntoDescriptor’s byte length.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerFillHeadPullIntoDescriptor(controller, bytesWritten, pullIntoDescriptor).
-
If pullIntoDescriptor’s reader type is "
none
",-
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueueDetachedPullIntoToQueue(controller, pullIntoDescriptor).
-
Let filledPullIntos be the result of performing ! ReadableByteStreamControllerProcessPullIntoDescriptorsUsingQueue(controller).
-
For each filledPullInto of filledPullIntos,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCommitPullIntoDescriptor(controller.[[stream]], filledPullInto).
-
-
Return.
-
-
If pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled < pullIntoDescriptor’s minimum fill, return.
A descriptor for a
read()
request that is not yet filled up to its minimum length will stay at the head of the queue, so the underlying source can keep filling it. -
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerShiftPendingPullInto(controller).
-
Let remainderSize be the remainder after dividing pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled by pullIntoDescriptor’s element size.
-
If remainderSize > 0,
-
Let end be pullIntoDescriptor’s byte offset + pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled.
-
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueueClonedChunkToQueue(controller, pullIntoDescriptor’s buffer, end − remainderSize, remainderSize).
-
-
Set pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled to pullIntoDescriptor’s bytes filled − remainderSize.
-
Let filledPullIntos be the result of performing ! ReadableByteStreamControllerProcessPullIntoDescriptorsUsingQueue(controller).
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCommitPullIntoDescriptor(controller.[[stream]], pullIntoDescriptor).
-
For each filledPullInto of filledPullIntos,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCommitPullIntoDescriptor(controller.[[stream]], filledPullInto).
-
-
Let firstDescriptor be controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0].
-
Assert: ! CanTransferArrayBuffer(firstDescriptor’s buffer) is true.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerInvalidateBYOBRequest(controller).
-
Let state be controller.[[stream]].[[state]].
-
If state is "
closed
",-
Assert: bytesWritten is 0.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerRespondInClosedState(controller, firstDescriptor).
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: state is "
readable
". -
Assert: bytesWritten > 0.
-
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerRespondInReadableState(controller, bytesWritten, firstDescriptor).
-
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCallPullIfNeeded(controller).
-
Assert: controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty.
-
Assert: ! IsDetachedBuffer(view.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]]) is false.
-
Let firstDescriptor be controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0].
-
Let state be controller.[[stream]].[[state]].
-
If state is "
closed
",-
If view.[[ByteLength]] is not 0, throw a
TypeError
exception.
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: state is "
readable
". -
If view.[[ByteLength]] is 0, throw a
TypeError
exception.
-
-
If firstDescriptor’s byte offset + firstDescriptor’ bytes filled is not view.[[ByteOffset]], throw a
RangeError
exception. -
If firstDescriptor’s buffer byte length is not view.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]].[[ByteLength]], throw a
RangeError
exception. -
If firstDescriptor’s bytes filled + view.[[ByteLength]] > firstDescriptor’s byte length, throw a
RangeError
exception. -
Let viewByteLength be view.[[ByteLength]].
-
Set firstDescriptor’s buffer to ? TransferArrayBuffer(view.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]]).
-
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerRespondInternal(controller, viewByteLength).
-
Assert: controller.[[byobRequest]] is null.
-
Let descriptor be controller.[[pendingPullIntos]][0].
-
Remove descriptor from controller.[[pendingPullIntos]].
-
Return descriptor.
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If stream.[[state]] is not "
readable
", return false. -
If controller.[[closeRequested]] is true, return false.
-
If controller.[[started]] is false, return false.
-
If ! ReadableStreamHasDefaultReader(stream) is true and ! ReadableStreamGetNumReadRequests(stream) > 0, return true.
-
If ! ReadableStreamHasBYOBReader(stream) is true and ! ReadableStreamGetNumReadIntoRequests(stream) > 0, return true.
-
Let desiredSize be ! ReadableByteStreamControllerGetDesiredSize(controller).
-
Assert: desiredSize is not null.
-
If desiredSize > 0, return true.
-
Return false.
-
Assert: stream.[[controller]] is undefined.
-
If autoAllocateChunkSize is not undefined,
-
Assert: ! IsInteger(autoAllocateChunkSize) is true.
-
Assert: autoAllocateChunkSize is positive.
-
-
Set controller.[[stream]] to stream.
-
Set controller.[[pullAgain]] and controller.[[pulling]] to false.
-
Set controller.[[byobRequest]] to null.
-
Perform ! ResetQueue(controller).
-
Set controller.[[closeRequested]] and controller.[[started]] to false.
-
Set controller.[[strategyHWM]] to highWaterMark.
-
Set controller.[[pullAlgorithm]] to pullAlgorithm.
-
Set controller.[[cancelAlgorithm]] to cancelAlgorithm.
-
Set controller.[[autoAllocateChunkSize]] to autoAllocateChunkSize.
-
Set controller.[[pendingPullIntos]] to a new empty list.
-
Set stream.[[controller]] to controller.
-
Let startResult be the result of performing startAlgorithm.
-
Let startPromise be a promise resolved with startResult.
-
Upon fulfillment of startPromise,
-
Set controller.[[started]] to true.
-
Assert: controller.[[pulling]] is false.
-
Assert: controller.[[pullAgain]] is false.
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerCallPullIfNeeded(controller).
-
-
Upon rejection of startPromise with reason r,
-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(controller, r).
-
-
Let controller be a new
ReadableByteStreamController
. -
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Let pullAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Let cancelAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns a promise resolved with undefined.
-
If underlyingSourceDict["
start
"] exists, then set startAlgorithm to an algorithm which returns the result of invoking underlyingSourceDict["start
"] with argument list « controller » and callback this value underlyingSource. -
If underlyingSourceDict["
pull
"] exists, then set pullAlgorithm to an algorithm which returns the result of invoking underlyingSourceDict["pull
"] with argument list « controller » and callback this value underlyingSource. -
If underlyingSourceDict["
cancel
"] exists, then set cancelAlgorithm to an algorithm which takes an argument reason and returns the result of invoking underlyingSourceDict["cancel
"] with argument list « reason » and callback this value underlyingSource. -
Let autoAllocateChunkSize be underlyingSourceDict["
autoAllocateChunkSize
"], if it exists, or undefined otherwise. -
If autoAllocateChunkSize is 0, then throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Perform ? SetUpReadableByteStreamController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithm, cancelAlgorithm, highWaterMark, autoAllocateChunkSize).
5. Writable streams
5.1. Using writable streams
readableStream. pipeTo( writableStream) . then(() => console. log( "All data successfully written!" )) . catch ( e=> console. error( "Something went wrong!" , e));
write()
and close()
methods. Since
writable streams queue any incoming writes, and take care internally to forward them to the underlying sink in sequence, you can indiscriminately write to a writable stream without much
ceremony:
function writeArrayToStream( array, writableStream) { const writer= writableStream. getWriter(); array. forEach( chunk=> writer. write( chunk). catch (() => {})); return writer. close(); } writeArrayToStream([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], writableStream) . then(() => console. log( "All done!" )) . catch ( e=> console. error( "Error with the stream: " + e));
Note how we use .catch(() => {})
to suppress any rejections from the write()
method; we’ll be notified of any fatal errors via a
rejection of the close()
method, and leaving them un-caught would
cause potential unhandledrejection
events and console warnings.
close()
method.
That promise will reject if anything goes wrong with the stream—initializing it, writing to it, or
closing it. And it will fulfill once the stream is successfully closed. Often this is all you care
about.
However, if you care about the success of writing a specific chunk, you can use the promise
returned by the writer’s write()
method:
writer. write( "i am a chunk of data" ) . then(() => console. log( "chunk successfully written!" )) . catch ( e=> console. error( e));
What "success" means is up to a given stream instance (or more precisely, its underlying sink) to decide. For example, for a file stream it could simply mean that the OS has accepted the write, and not necessarily that the chunk has been flushed to disk. Some streams might not be able to give such a signal at all, in which case the returned promise will fulfill immediately.
desiredSize
and ready
properties of writable stream writers allow producers to more precisely respond to flow
control signals from the stream, to keep memory usage below the stream’s specified high water
mark. The following example writes an infinite sequence of random bytes to a stream, using desiredSize
to determine how many bytes to generate at a given
time, and using ready
to wait for the backpressure to subside.
async function writeRandomBytesForever( writableStream) { const writer= writableStream. getWriter(); while ( true ) { await writer. ready; const bytes= new Uint8Array( writer. desiredSize); crypto. getRandomValues( bytes); // Purposefully don't await; awaiting writer.ready is enough. writer. write( bytes). catch (() => {}); } } writeRandomBytesForever( myWritableStream). catch ( e=> console. error( "Something broke" , e));
Note how we don’t await
the promise returned by write()
; this would be redundant with await
ing the ready
promise. Additionally, similar to a previous example, we use the .catch(() =>
{})
pattern on the promises returned by write()
; in this
case we’ll be notified about any failures await
ing the ready
promise.
await
the promise returned by write()
, consider a modification of the above example, where we
continue to use the WritableStreamDefaultWriter
interface directly, but we don’t control how
many bytes we have to write at a given time. In that case, the backpressure-respecting code
looks the same:
async function writeSuppliedBytesForever( writableStream, getBytes) { const writer= writableStream. getWriter(); while ( true ) { await writer. ready; const bytes= getBytes(); writer. write( bytes). catch (() => {}); } }
Unlike the previous example, where—because we were always writing exactly writer.desiredSize
bytes each time—the write()
and ready
promises were
synchronized, in this case it’s quite possible that the ready
promise fulfills before the one returned by write()
does.
Remember, the ready
promise fulfills when the desired size becomes positive, which might be before the write
succeeds (especially in cases with a larger high water mark).
In other words, await
ing the return value of write()
means you never queue up writes in the stream’s internal queue, instead only executing a write
after the previous one succeeds, which can result in low throughput.
5.2. The WritableStream
class
The WritableStream
represents a writable stream.
5.2.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the WritableStream
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*,Transferable ]interface {
WritableStream constructor (optional object ,
underlyingSink optional QueuingStrategy = {});
strategy readonly attribute boolean locked ;Promise <undefined >abort (optional any );
reason Promise <undefined >close ();WritableStreamDefaultWriter getWriter (); };
5.2.2. Internal slots
Instances of WritableStream
are created with the internal slots described in the following
table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[backpressure]] | A boolean indicating the backpressure signal set by the controller |
[[closeRequest]] | The promise returned from the writer’s close() method
|
[[controller]] | A WritableStreamDefaultController created with the ability to
control the state and queue of this stream
|
[[Detached]] | A boolean flag set to true when the stream is transferred |
[[inFlightWriteRequest]] | A slot set to the promise for the current in-flight write operation while the underlying sink's write algorithm is executing and has not yet fulfilled, used to prevent reentrant calls |
[[inFlightCloseRequest]] | A slot set to the promise for the current in-flight close operation
while the underlying sink's close algorithm is executing and has not yet fulfilled, used to
prevent the abort() method from interrupting close
|
[[pendingAbortRequest]] | A pending abort request |
[[state]] | A string containing the stream’s current state, used internally; one of
"writable ", "closed ", "erroring ", or "errored "
|
[[storedError]] | A value indicating how the stream failed, to be given as a failure
reason or exception when trying to operate on the stream while in the "errored " state
|
[[writer]] | A WritableStreamDefaultWriter instance, if the stream is locked to
a writer, or undefined if it is not
|
[[writeRequests]] | A list of promises representing the stream’s internal queue of write requests not yet processed by the underlying sink |
The [[inFlightCloseRequest]] slot and [[closeRequest]] slot are mutually exclusive. Similarly, no element will be removed from [[writeRequests]] while [[inFlightWriteRequest]] is not undefined. Implementations can optimize storage for these slots based on these invariants.
A pending abort request is a struct used to track a request to abort the stream before that request is finally processed. It has the following items:
- promise
-
A promise returned from WritableStreamAbort
- reason
-
A JavaScript value that was passed as the abort reason to WritableStreamAbort
- was already erroring
-
A boolean indicating whether or not the stream was in the "
erroring
" state when WritableStreamAbort was called, which impacts the outcome of the abort request
5.2.3. The underlying sink API
The WritableStream()
constructor accepts as its first argument a JavaScript object representing
the underlying sink. Such objects can contain any of the following properties:
dictionary {
UnderlyingSink UnderlyingSinkStartCallback start ;UnderlyingSinkWriteCallback write ;UnderlyingSinkCloseCallback close ;UnderlyingSinkAbortCallback abort ;any type ; };callback =
UnderlyingSinkStartCallback any (WritableStreamDefaultController );
controller callback =
UnderlyingSinkWriteCallback Promise <undefined > (any ,
chunk WritableStreamDefaultController );
controller callback =
UnderlyingSinkCloseCallback Promise <undefined > ();callback =
UnderlyingSinkAbortCallback Promise <undefined > (optional any );
reason
start(controller)
, of type UnderlyingSinkStartCallback-
A function that is called immediately during creation of the
WritableStream
.Typically this is used to acquire access to the underlying sink resource being represented.
If this setup process is asynchronous, it can return a promise to signal success or failure; a rejected promise will error the stream. Any thrown exceptions will be re-thrown by the
WritableStream()
constructor. write(chunk, controller)
, of type UnderlyingSinkWriteCallback-
A function that is called when a new chunk of data is ready to be written to the underlying sink. The stream implementation guarantees that this function will be called only after previous writes have succeeded, and never before
start()
has succeeded or afterclose()
orabort()
have been called.This function is used to actually send the data to the resource presented by the underlying sink, for example by calling a lower-level API.
If the process of writing data is asynchronous, and communicates success or failure signals back to its user, then this function can return a promise to signal success or failure. This promise return value will be communicated back to the caller of
writer.write()
, so they can monitor that individual write. Throwing an exception is treated the same as returning a rejected promise.Note that such signals are not always available; compare e.g. § 10.6 A writable stream with no backpressure or success signals with § 10.7 A writable stream with backpressure and success signals. In such cases, it’s best to not return anything.
The promise potentially returned by this function also governs whether the given chunk counts as written for the purposes of computed the desired size to fill the stream’s internal queue. That is, during the time it takes the promise to settle,
writer.desiredSize
will stay at its previous value, only increasing to signal the desire for more chunks once the write succeeds.Finally, the promise potentially returned by this function is used to ensure that well-behaved producers do not attempt to mutate the chunk before it has been fully processed. (This is not guaranteed by any specification machinery, but instead is an informal contract between producers and the underlying sink.)
close()
, of type UnderlyingSinkCloseCallback-
A function that is called after the producer signals, via
writer.close()
, that they are done writing chunks to the stream, and subsequently all queued-up writes have successfully completed.This function can perform any actions necessary to finalize or flush writes to the underlying sink, and release access to any held resources.
If the shutdown process is asynchronous, the function can return a promise to signal success or failure; the result will be communicated via the return value of the called
writer.close()
method. Additionally, a rejected promise will error the stream, instead of letting it close successfully. Throwing an exception is treated the same as returning a rejected promise. abort(reason)
, of type UnderlyingSinkAbortCallback-
A function that is called after the producer signals, via
stream.abort()
orwriter.abort()
, that they wish to abort the stream. It takes as its argument the same value as was passed to those methods by the producer.Writable streams can additionally be aborted under certain conditions during piping; see the definition of the
pipeTo()
method for more details.This function can clean up any held resources, much like
close()
, but perhaps with some custom handling.If the shutdown process is asynchronous, the function can return a promise to signal success or failure; the result will be communicated via the return value of the called
writer.abort()
method. Throwing an exception is treated the same as returning a rejected promise. Regardless, the stream will be errored with a newTypeError
indicating that it was aborted. type
, of type any-
This property is reserved for future use, so any attempts to supply a value will throw an exception.
The controller
argument passed to start()
and write()
is an instance of WritableStreamDefaultController
, and has the
ability to error the stream. This is mainly used for bridging the gap with non-promise-based APIs,
as seen for example in § 10.6 A writable stream with no backpressure or success signals.
5.2.4. Constructor, methods, and properties
stream = new
WritableStream
(underlyingSink[, strategy)-
Creates a new
WritableStream
wrapping the provided underlying sink. See § 5.2.3 The underlying sink API for more details on the underlyingSink argument.The strategy argument represents the stream’s queuing strategy, as described in § 7.1 The queuing strategy API. If it is not provided, the default behavior will be the same as a
CountQueuingStrategy
with a high water mark of 1. isLocked = stream.
locked
-
Returns whether or not the writable stream is locked to a writer.
await stream.
abort
([ reason ])-
Aborts the stream, signaling that the producer can no longer successfully write to the stream and it is to be immediately moved to an errored state, with any queued-up writes discarded. This will also execute any abort mechanism of the underlying sink.
The returned promise will fulfill if the stream shuts down successfully, or reject if the underlying sink signaled that there was an error doing so. Additionally, it will reject with a
TypeError
(without attempting to cancel the stream) if the stream is currently locked. await stream.
close
()-
Closes the stream. The underlying sink will finish processing any previously-written chunks, before invoking its close behavior. During this time any further attempts to write will fail (without erroring the stream).
The method returns a promise that will fulfill if all remaining chunks are successfully written and the stream successfully closes, or rejects if an error is encountered during this process. Additionally, it will reject with a
TypeError
(without attempting to cancel the stream) if the stream is currently locked. writer = stream.
getWriter
()-
Creates a writer (an instance of
WritableStreamDefaultWriter
) and locks the stream to the new writer. While the stream is locked, no other writer can be acquired until this one is released.This functionality is especially useful for creating abstractions that desire the ability to write to a stream without interruption or interleaving. By getting a writer for the stream, you can ensure nobody else can write at the same time, which would cause the resulting written data to be unpredictable and probably useless.
new WritableStream(underlyingSink, strategy)
constructor steps are:
-
If underlyingSink is missing, set it to null.
-
Let underlyingSinkDict be underlyingSink, converted to an IDL value of type
UnderlyingSink
.We cannot declare the underlyingSink argument as having the
UnderlyingSink
type directly, because doing so would lose the reference to the original object. We need to retain the object so we can invoke the various methods on it. -
If underlyingSinkDict["
type
"] exists, throw aRangeError
exception.This is to allow us to add new potential types in the future, without backward-compatibility concerns.
-
Perform ! InitializeWritableStream(this).
-
Let sizeAlgorithm be ! ExtractSizeAlgorithm(strategy).
-
Let highWaterMark be ? ExtractHighWaterMark(strategy, 1).
-
Perform ? SetUpWritableStreamDefaultControllerFromUnderlyingSink(this, underlyingSink, underlyingSinkDict, highWaterMark, sizeAlgorithm).
locked
getter steps are:
-
Return ! IsWritableStreamLocked(this).
abort(reason)
method steps are:
-
If ! IsWritableStreamLocked(this) is true, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Return ! WritableStreamAbort(this, reason).
close()
method steps are:
-
If ! IsWritableStreamLocked(this) is true, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
If ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(this) is true, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Return ! WritableStreamClose(this).
getWriter()
method steps are:
-
Return ? AcquireWritableStreamDefaultWriter(this).
5.2.5. Transfer via postMessage()
destination.postMessage(ws, { transfer: [ws] });
-
Sends a
WritableStream
to another frame, window, or worker.The transferred stream can be used exactly like the original. The original will become locked and no longer directly usable.
WritableStream
objects are transferable objects. Their transfer steps, given value and dataHolder, are:
-
If ! IsWritableStreamLocked(value) is true, throw a "
DataCloneError
"DOMException
. -
Let port1 be a new
MessagePort
in the current Realm. -
Let port2 be a new
MessagePort
in the current Realm. -
Entangle port1 and port2.
-
Let readable be a new
ReadableStream
in the current Realm. -
Perform ! SetUpCrossRealmTransformReadable(readable, port1).
-
Let promise be ! ReadableStreamPipeTo(readable, value, false, false, false).
-
Set promise.[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
Set dataHolder.[[port]] to ! StructuredSerializeWithTransfer(port2, « port2 »).
-
Let deserializedRecord be ! StructuredDeserializeWithTransfer(dataHolder.[[port]], the current Realm).
-
Let port be a deserializedRecord.[[Deserialized]].
-
Perform ! SetUpCrossRealmTransformWritable(value, port).
5.3. The WritableStreamDefaultWriter
class
The WritableStreamDefaultWriter
class represents a writable stream writer designed to be
vended by a WritableStream
instance.
5.3.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the WritableStreamDefaultWriter
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
WritableStreamDefaultWriter constructor (WritableStream );
stream readonly attribute Promise <undefined >closed ;readonly attribute unrestricted double ?desiredSize ;readonly attribute Promise <undefined >ready ;Promise <undefined >abort (optional any );
reason Promise <undefined >close ();undefined releaseLock ();Promise <undefined >write (optional any ); };
chunk
5.3.2. Internal slots
Instances of WritableStreamDefaultWriter
are created with the internal slots described in the
following table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[closedPromise]] | A promise returned by the writer’s closed getter
|
[[readyPromise]] | A promise returned by the writer’s ready getter
|
[[stream]] | A WritableStream instance that owns this reader
|
5.3.3. Constructor, methods, and properties
writer = new
WritableStreamDefaultWriter
(stream)-
This is equivalent to calling
stream.
.getWriter()
await writer.
closed
-
Returns a promise that will be fulfilled when the stream becomes closed, or rejected if the stream ever errors or the writer’s lock is released before the stream finishes closing.
desiredSize = writer.
desiredSize
-
Returns the desired size to fill the stream’s internal queue. It can be negative, if the queue is over-full. A producer can use this information to determine the right amount of data to write.
It will be null if the stream cannot be successfully written to (due to either being errored, or having an abort queued up). It will return zero if the stream is closed. And the getter will throw an exception if invoked when the writer’s lock is released.
await writer.
ready
-
Returns a promise that will be fulfilled when the desired size to fill the stream’s internal queue transitions from non-positive to positive, signaling that it is no longer applying backpressure. Once the desired size dips back to zero or below, the getter will return a new promise that stays pending until the next transition.
If the stream becomes errored or aborted, or the writer’s lock is released, the returned promise will become rejected.
await writer.
abort
([ reason ])-
If the reader is active, behaves the same as
stream.
.abort
(reason) await writer.
close
()-
If the reader is active, behaves the same as
stream.
.close
() writer.
releaseLock
()-
Releases the writer’s lock on the corresponding stream. After the lock is released, the writer is no longer active. If the associated stream is errored when the lock is released, the writer will appear errored in the same way from now on; otherwise, the writer will appear closed.
Note that the lock can still be released even if some ongoing writes have not yet finished (i.e. even if the promises returned from previous calls to
write()
have not yet settled). It’s not necessary to hold the lock on the writer for the duration of the write; the lock instead simply prevents other producers from writing in an interleaved manner. await writer.
write
(chunk)-
Writes the given chunk to the writable stream, by waiting until any previous writes have finished successfully, and then sending the chunk to the underlying sink's
write()
method. It will return a promise that fulfills with undefined upon a successful write, or rejects if the write fails or stream becomes errored before the writing process is initiated.Note that what "success" means is up to the underlying sink; it might indicate simply that the chunk has been accepted, and not necessarily that it is safely saved to its ultimate destination.
If chunk is mutable, producers are advised to avoid mutating it after passing it to
write()
, until after the promise returned bywrite()
settles. This ensures that the underlying sink receives and processes the same value that was passed in.
new WritableStreamDefaultWriter(stream)
constructor steps are:
-
Perform ? SetUpWritableStreamDefaultWriter(this, stream).
closed
getter steps are:
-
Return this.[[closedPromise]].
desiredSize
getter steps are:
-
If this.[[stream]] is undefined, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Return ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterGetDesiredSize(this).
ready
getter
steps are:
-
Return this.[[readyPromise]].
abort(reason)
method steps are:
-
If this.[[stream]] is undefined, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Return ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterAbort(this, reason).
close()
method
steps are:
-
Let stream be this.[[stream]].
-
If stream is undefined, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
If ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(stream) is true, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Return ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterClose(this).
releaseLock()
method steps are:
-
Let stream be this.[[stream]].
-
If stream is undefined, return.
-
Assert: stream.[[writer]] is not undefined.
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterRelease(this).
write(chunk)
method steps are:
-
If this.[[stream]] is undefined, return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Return ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterWrite(this, chunk).
5.4. The WritableStreamDefaultController
class
The WritableStreamDefaultController
class has methods that allow control of a WritableStream
's state. When constructing a WritableStream
, the underlying sink is
given a corresponding WritableStreamDefaultController
instance to manipulate.
5.4.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the WritableStreamDefaultController
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
WritableStreamDefaultController readonly attribute AbortSignal signal ;undefined error (optional any ); };
e
5.4.2. Internal slots
Instances of WritableStreamDefaultController
are created with the internal slots described in
the following table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[abortAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm, taking one argument (the abort reason), which communicates a requested abort to the underlying sink |
[[abortController]] | An AbortController that can be used to abort the pending write or
close operation when the stream is aborted.
|
[[closeAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm which communicates a requested close to the underlying sink |
[[queue]] | A list representing the stream’s internal queue of chunks |
[[queueTotalSize]] | The total size of all the chunks stored in [[queue]] (see § 8.1 Queue-with-sizes) |
[[started]] | A boolean flag indicating whether the underlying sink has finished starting |
[[strategyHWM]] | A number supplied by the creator of the stream as part of the stream’s queuing strategy, indicating the point at which the stream will apply backpressure to its underlying sink |
[[strategySizeAlgorithm]] | An algorithm to calculate the size of enqueued chunks, as part of the stream’s queuing strategy |
[[stream]] | The WritableStream instance controlled
|
[[writeAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm, taking one argument (the chunk to write), which writes data to the underlying sink |
The close sentinel is a unique value enqueued into [[queue]], in lieu of a chunk, to signal that the stream is closed. It is only used internally, and is never exposed to web developers.
5.4.3. Methods and properties
controller.
signal
-
An AbortSignal that can be used to abort the pending write or close operation when the stream is aborted.
controller.
error
(e)-
Closes the controlled writable stream, making all future interactions with it fail with the given error e.
This method is rarely used, since usually it suffices to return a rejected promise from one of the underlying sink's methods. However, it can be useful for suddenly shutting down a stream in response to an event outside the normal lifecycle of interactions with the underlying sink.
signal
getter steps are:
-
Return this.[[abortController]]'s signal.
error(e)
method steps are:
-
Let state be this.[[stream]].[[state]].
-
If state is not "
writable
", return. -
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerError(this, e).
5.4.4. Internal methods
The following are internal methods implemented by each WritableStreamDefaultController
instance.
The writable stream implementation will call into these.
The reason these are in method form, instead of as abstract operations, is to make it clear that the writable stream implementation is decoupled from the controller implementation, and could in the future be expanded with other controllers, as long as those controllers implemented such internal methods. A similar scenario is seen for readable streams (see § 4.9.2 Interfacing with controllers), where there actually are multiple controller types and as such the counterpart internal methods are used polymorphically.
-
Let result be the result of performing this.[[abortAlgorithm]], passing reason.
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(this).
-
Return result.
-
Perform ! ResetQueue(this).
5.5. Abstract operations
5.5.1. Working with writable streams
The following abstract operations operate on WritableStream
instances at a higher level.
-
Let writer be a new
WritableStreamDefaultWriter
. -
Perform ? SetUpWritableStreamDefaultWriter(writer, stream).
-
Return writer.
-
Assert: ! IsNonNegativeNumber(highWaterMark) is true.
-
Let stream be a new
WritableStream
. -
Perform ! InitializeWritableStream(stream).
-
Let controller be a new
WritableStreamDefaultController
. -
Perform ? SetUpWritableStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, writeAlgorithm, closeAlgorithm, abortAlgorithm, highWaterMark, sizeAlgorithm).
-
Return stream.
This abstract operation will throw an exception if and only if the supplied startAlgorithm throws.
-
Set stream.[[state]] to "
writable
". -
Set stream.[[storedError]], stream.[[writer]], stream.[[controller]], stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]], stream.[[closeRequest]], stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]], and stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] to undefined.
-
Set stream.[[writeRequests]] to a new empty list.
-
Set stream.[[backpressure]] to false.
-
If stream.[[writer]] is undefined, return false.
-
Return true.
-
If ! IsWritableStreamLocked(stream) is true, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Set writer.[[stream]] to stream.
-
Set stream.[[writer]] to writer.
-
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
If state is "
writable
",-
If ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(stream) is false and stream.[[backpressure]] is true, set writer.[[readyPromise]] to a new promise.
-
Otherwise, set writer.[[readyPromise]] to a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Set writer.[[closedPromise]] to a new promise.
-
-
Otherwise, if state is "
erroring
",-
Set writer.[[readyPromise]] to a promise rejected with stream.[[storedError]].
-
Set writer.[[readyPromise]].[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
Set writer.[[closedPromise]] to a new promise.
-
-
Otherwise, if state is "
closed
",-
Set writer.[[readyPromise]] to a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Set writer.[[closedPromise]] to a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: state is "
errored
". -
Let storedError be stream.[[storedError]].
-
Set writer.[[readyPromise]] to a promise rejected with storedError.
-
Set writer.[[readyPromise]].[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
Set writer.[[closedPromise]] to a promise rejected with storedError.
-
Set writer.[[closedPromise]].[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
-
If stream.[[state]] is "
closed
" or "errored
", return a promise resolved with undefined. -
Signal abort on stream.[[controller]].[[abortController]] with reason.
-
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
If state is "
closed
" or "errored
", return a promise resolved with undefined.We re-check the state because signaling abort runs author code and that might have changed the state.
-
If stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] is not undefined, return stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]]'s promise.
-
Assert: state is "
writable
" or "erroring
". -
Let wasAlreadyErroring be false.
-
If state is "
erroring
",-
Set wasAlreadyErroring to true.
-
Set reason to undefined.
-
-
Let promise be a new promise.
-
Set stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] to a new pending abort request whose promise is promise, reason is reason, and was already erroring is wasAlreadyErroring.
-
If wasAlreadyErroring is false, perform ! WritableStreamStartErroring(stream, reason).
-
Return promise.
-
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
If state is "
closed
" or "errored
", return a promise rejected with aTypeError
exception. -
Assert: state is "
writable
" or "erroring
". -
Assert: ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(stream) is false.
-
Let promise be a new promise.
-
Set stream.[[closeRequest]] to promise.
-
Let writer be stream.[[writer]].
-
If writer is not undefined, and stream.[[backpressure]] is true, and state is "
writable
", resolve writer.[[readyPromise]] with undefined. -
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerClose(stream.[[controller]]).
-
Return promise.
5.5.2. Interfacing with controllers
To allow future flexibility to add different writable stream behaviors (similar to the distinction
between default readable streams and readable byte streams), much of the internal state of a writable stream is encapsulated by the WritableStreamDefaultController
class.
Each controller class defines two internal methods, which are called by the WritableStream
algorithms:
- [[AbortSteps]](reason)
- The controller’s steps that run in reaction to the stream being aborted, used to clean up the state stored in the controller and inform the underlying sink.
- [[ErrorSteps]]()
- The controller’s steps that run in reaction to the stream being errored, used to clean up the state stored in the controller.
(These are defined as internal methods, instead of as abstract operations, so that they can be
called polymorphically by the WritableStream
algorithms, without having to branch on which type
of controller is present. This is a bit theoretical for now, given that only WritableStreamDefaultController
exists so far.)
The rest of this section concerns abstract operations that go in the other direction: they are used
by the controller implementation to affect its associated WritableStream
object. This
translates internal state changes of the controllerinto developer-facing results visible through
the WritableStream
's public API.
-
Assert: ! IsWritableStreamLocked(stream) is true.
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
writable
". -
Let promise be a new promise.
-
Append promise to stream.[[writeRequests]].
-
Return promise.
-
If stream.[[closeRequest]] is undefined and stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] is undefined, return false.
-
Return true.
-
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
If state is "
writable
",-
Perform ! WritableStreamStartErroring(stream, error).
-
Return.
-
-
Assert: state is "
erroring
". -
Perform ! WritableStreamFinishErroring(stream).
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
erroring
". -
Assert: ! WritableStreamHasOperationMarkedInFlight(stream) is false.
-
Set stream.[[state]] to "
errored
". -
Perform ! stream.[[controller]].[[ErrorSteps]]().
-
Let storedError be stream.[[storedError]].
-
For each writeRequest of stream.[[writeRequests]]:
-
Reject writeRequest with storedError.
-
-
Set stream.[[writeRequests]] to an empty list.
-
If stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] is undefined,
-
Perform ! WritableStreamRejectCloseAndClosedPromiseIfNeeded(stream).
-
Return.
-
-
Let abortRequest be stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]].
-
Set stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] to undefined.
-
If abortRequest’s was already erroring is true,
-
Perform ! WritableStreamRejectCloseAndClosedPromiseIfNeeded(stream).
-
Return.
-
Let promise be ! stream.[[controller]].[[AbortSteps]](abortRequest’s reason).
-
Upon fulfillment of promise,
-
Perform ! WritableStreamRejectCloseAndClosedPromiseIfNeeded(stream).
-
Upon rejection of promise with reason reason,
-
Perform ! WritableStreamRejectCloseAndClosedPromiseIfNeeded(stream).
-
Assert: stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] is not undefined.
-
Resolve stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] with undefined.
-
Set stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] to undefined.
-
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
writable
" or "erroring
". -
If state is "
erroring
",-
Set stream.[[storedError]] to undefined.
-
If stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] is not undefined,
-
Resolve stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]]'s promise with undefined.
-
Set stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] to undefined.
-
-
-
Set stream.[[state]] to "
closed
". -
Let writer be stream.[[writer]].
-
If writer is not undefined, resolve writer.[[closedPromise]] with undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] is undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[storedError]] is undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] is not undefined.
-
Reject stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] with error.
-
Set stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] to undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
writable
" or "erroring
". -
If stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] is not undefined,
-
Reject stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]]'s promise with error.
-
Set stream.[[pendingAbortRequest]] to undefined.
-
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDealWithRejection(stream, error).
-
Assert: stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] is not undefined.
-
Resolve stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] with undefined.
-
Set stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] to undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] is not undefined.
-
Reject stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] with error.
-
Set stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] to undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
writable
" or "erroring
". -
Perform ! WritableStreamDealWithRejection(stream, error).
-
If stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] is undefined and stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] is undefined, return false.
-
Return true.
-
Assert: stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] is undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[closeRequest]] is not undefined.
-
Set stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] to stream.[[closeRequest]].
-
Set stream.[[closeRequest]] to undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] is undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[writeRequests]] is not empty.
-
Let writeRequest be stream.[[writeRequests]][0].
-
Remove writeRequest from stream.[[writeRequests]].
-
Set stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] to writeRequest.
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
errored
". -
If stream.[[closeRequest]] is not undefined,
-
Assert: stream.[[inFlightCloseRequest]] is undefined.
-
Reject stream.[[closeRequest]] with stream.[[storedError]].
-
Set stream.[[closeRequest]] to undefined.
-
-
Let writer be stream.[[writer]].
-
If writer is not undefined,
-
Reject writer.[[closedPromise]] with stream.[[storedError]].
-
Set writer.[[closedPromise]].[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
-
Assert: stream.[[storedError]] is undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
writable
". -
Let controller be stream.[[controller]].
-
Assert: controller is not undefined.
-
Set stream.[[state]] to "
erroring
". -
Set stream.[[storedError]] to reason.
-
Let writer be stream.[[writer]].
-
If writer is not undefined, perform ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterEnsureReadyPromiseRejected(writer, reason).
-
If ! WritableStreamHasOperationMarkedInFlight(stream) is false and controller.[[started]] is true, perform ! WritableStreamFinishErroring(stream).
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
writable
". -
Assert: ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(stream) is false.
-
Let writer be stream.[[writer]].
-
If writer is not undefined and backpressure is not stream.[[backpressure]],
-
If backpressure is true, set writer.[[readyPromise]] to a new promise.
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: backpressure is false.
-
Resolve writer.[[readyPromise]] with undefined.
-
-
-
Set stream.[[backpressure]] to backpressure.
5.5.3. Writers
The following abstract operations support the implementation and manipulation of WritableStreamDefaultWriter
instances.
-
Let stream be writer.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream is not undefined.
-
Return ! WritableStreamAbort(stream, reason).
-
Let stream be writer.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream is not undefined.
-
Return ! WritableStreamClose(stream).
-
Let stream be writer.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream is not undefined.
-
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
If ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(stream) is true or state is "
closed
", return a promise resolved with undefined. -
If state is "
errored
", return a promise rejected with stream.[[storedError]]. -
Assert: state is "
writable
" or "erroring
". -
Return ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterClose(writer).
This abstract operation helps implement the error propagation semantics of ReadableStream
's pipeTo()
.
-
If writer.[[closedPromise]].[[PromiseState]] is "
pending
", reject writer.[[closedPromise]] with error. -
Otherwise, set writer.[[closedPromise]] to a promise rejected with error.
-
Set writer.[[closedPromise]].[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
If writer.[[readyPromise]].[[PromiseState]] is "
pending
", reject writer.[[readyPromise]] with error. -
Otherwise, set writer.[[readyPromise]] to a promise rejected with error.
-
Set writer.[[readyPromise]].[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
Let stream be writer.[[stream]].
-
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
If state is "
errored
" or "erroring
", return null. -
If state is "
closed
", return 0. -
Return ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerGetDesiredSize(stream.[[controller]]).
-
Let stream be writer.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream is not undefined.
-
Assert: stream.[[writer]] is writer.
-
Let releasedError be a new
TypeError
. -
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterEnsureReadyPromiseRejected(writer, releasedError).
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterEnsureClosedPromiseRejected(writer, releasedError).
-
Set stream.[[writer]] to undefined.
-
Set writer.[[stream]] to undefined.
-
Let stream be writer.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream is not undefined.
-
Let controller be stream.[[controller]].
-
Let chunkSize be ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerGetChunkSize(controller, chunk).
-
If stream is not equal to writer.[[stream]], return a promise rejected with a
TypeError
exception. -
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
If state is "
errored
", return a promise rejected with stream.[[storedError]]. -
If ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(stream) is true or state is "
closed
", return a promise rejected with aTypeError
exception indicating that the stream is closing or closed. -
If state is "
erroring
", return a promise rejected with stream.[[storedError]]. -
Assert: state is "
writable
". -
Let promise be ! WritableStreamAddWriteRequest(stream).
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerWrite(controller, chunk, chunkSize).
-
Return promise.
5.5.4. Default controllers
The following abstract operations support the implementation of the WritableStreamDefaultController
class.
-
Assert: stream implements
WritableStream
. -
Assert: stream.[[controller]] is undefined.
-
Set controller.[[stream]] to stream.
-
Set stream.[[controller]] to controller.
-
Perform ! ResetQueue(controller).
-
Set controller.[[abortController]] to a new
AbortController
. -
Set controller.[[started]] to false.
-
Set controller.[[strategySizeAlgorithm]] to sizeAlgorithm.
-
Set controller.[[strategyHWM]] to highWaterMark.
-
Set controller.[[writeAlgorithm]] to writeAlgorithm.
-
Set controller.[[closeAlgorithm]] to closeAlgorithm.
-
Set controller.[[abortAlgorithm]] to abortAlgorithm.
-
Let backpressure be ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerGetBackpressure(controller).
-
Perform ! WritableStreamUpdateBackpressure(stream, backpressure).
-
Let startResult be the result of performing startAlgorithm. (This may throw an exception.)
-
Let startPromise be a promise resolved with startResult.
-
Upon fulfillment of startPromise,
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
writable
" or "erroring
". -
Set controller.[[started]] to true.
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerAdvanceQueueIfNeeded(controller).
-
-
Upon rejection of startPromise with reason r,
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
writable
" or "erroring
". -
Set controller.[[started]] to true.
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDealWithRejection(stream, r).
-
-
Let controller be a new
WritableStreamDefaultController
. -
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Let writeAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Let closeAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Let abortAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns a promise resolved with undefined.
-
If underlyingSinkDict["
start
"] exists, then set startAlgorithm to an algorithm which returns the result of invoking underlyingSinkDict["start
"] with argument list « controller », exception behavior "rethrow
", and callback this value underlyingSink. -
If underlyingSinkDict["
write
"] exists, then set writeAlgorithm to an algorithm which takes an argument chunk and returns the result of invoking underlyingSinkDict["write
"] with argument list « chunk, controller » and callback this value underlyingSink. -
If underlyingSinkDict["
close
"] exists, then set closeAlgorithm to an algorithm which returns the result of invoking underlyingSinkDict["close
"] with argument list «» and callback this value underlyingSink. -
If underlyingSinkDict["
abort
"] exists, then set abortAlgorithm to an algorithm which takes an argument reason and returns the result of invoking underlyingSinkDict["abort
"] with argument list « reason » and callback this value underlyingSink. -
Perform ? SetUpWritableStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, writeAlgorithm, closeAlgorithm, abortAlgorithm, highWaterMark, sizeAlgorithm).
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If controller.[[started]] is false, return.
-
If stream.[[inFlightWriteRequest]] is not undefined, return.
-
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
Assert: state is not "
closed
" or "errored
". -
If state is "
erroring
",-
Perform ! WritableStreamFinishErroring(stream).
-
Return.
-
-
If controller.[[queue]] is empty, return.
-
Let value be ! PeekQueueValue(controller).
-
If value is the close sentinel, perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerProcessClose(controller).
-
Otherwise, perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerProcessWrite(controller, value).
WritableStream
itself is still referenced.
This is observable using weak references. See tc39/proposal-weakrefs#31 for more detail.
It performs the following steps:
-
Set controller.[[writeAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Set controller.[[closeAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Set controller.[[abortAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Set controller.[[strategySizeAlgorithm]] to undefined.
This algorithm will be performed multiple times in some edge cases. After the first time it will do nothing.
-
Perform ! EnqueueValueWithSize(controller, close sentinel, 0).
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerAdvanceQueueIfNeeded(controller).
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
Assert: stream.[[state]] is "
writable
". -
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
Perform ! WritableStreamStartErroring(stream, error).
-
If controller.[[stream]].[[state]] is "
writable
", perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerError(controller, error).
-
Let desiredSize be ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerGetDesiredSize(controller).
-
Return true if desiredSize ≤ 0, or false otherwise.
-
If controller.[[strategySizeAlgorithm]] is undefined, then:
-
Assert: controller.[[stream]].[[state]] is "
erroring
" or "errored
". -
Return 1.
-
-
Let returnValue be the result of performing controller.[[strategySizeAlgorithm]], passing in chunk, and interpreting the result as a completion record.
-
If returnValue is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerErrorIfNeeded(controller, returnValue.[[Value]]).
-
Return 1.
-
-
Return returnValue.[[Value]].
-
Return controller.[[strategyHWM]] − controller.[[queueTotalSize]].
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
Perform ! WritableStreamMarkCloseRequestInFlight(stream).
-
Perform ! DequeueValue(controller).
-
Assert: controller.[[queue]] is empty.
-
Let sinkClosePromise be the result of performing controller.[[closeAlgorithm]].
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
Upon fulfillment of sinkClosePromise,
-
Perform ! WritableStreamFinishInFlightClose(stream).
-
-
Upon rejection of sinkClosePromise with reason reason,
-
Perform ! WritableStreamFinishInFlightCloseWithError(stream, reason).
-
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
Perform ! WritableStreamMarkFirstWriteRequestInFlight(stream).
-
Let sinkWritePromise be the result of performing controller.[[writeAlgorithm]], passing in chunk.
-
Upon fulfillment of sinkWritePromise,
-
Perform ! WritableStreamFinishInFlightWrite(stream).
-
Let state be stream.[[state]].
-
Assert: state is "
writable
" or "erroring
". -
Perform ! DequeueValue(controller).
-
If ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(stream) is false and state is "
writable
",-
Let backpressure be ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerGetBackpressure(controller).
-
Perform ! WritableStreamUpdateBackpressure(stream, backpressure).
-
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerAdvanceQueueIfNeeded(controller).
-
-
Upon rejection of sinkWritePromise with reason,
-
If stream.[[state]] is "
writable
", perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(controller). -
Perform ! WritableStreamFinishInFlightWriteWithError(stream, reason).
-
-
Let enqueueResult be EnqueueValueWithSize(controller, chunk, chunkSize).
-
If enqueueResult is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerErrorIfNeeded(controller, enqueueResult.[[Value]]).
-
Return.
-
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
If ! WritableStreamCloseQueuedOrInFlight(stream) is false and stream.[[state]] is "
writable
",-
Let backpressure be ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerGetBackpressure(controller).
-
Perform ! WritableStreamUpdateBackpressure(stream, backpressure).
-
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerAdvanceQueueIfNeeded(controller).
6. Transform streams
6.1. Using transform streams
readableStream. pipeThrough( transformStream) . pipeTo( writableStream) . then(() => console. log( "All data successfully transformed!" )) . catch ( e=> console. error( "Something went wrong!" , e));
readable
and writable
properties of a
transform stream directly to access the usual interfaces of a readable stream and writable
stream. In this example we supply data to the writable side of the stream using its writer interface. The readable side is then piped to anotherWritableStream
.
const writer= transformStream. writable. getWriter(); writer. write( "input chunk" ); transformStream. readable. pipeTo( anotherWritableStream);
fetch()
API accepts a readable stream request body, but it can be more convenient to write data for uploading via a
writable stream interface. Using an identity transform stream addresses this:
const { writable, readable} = new TransformStream(); fetch( "..." , { body: readable}). then( response=> /* ... */ ); const writer= writable. getWriter(); writer. write( new Uint8Array([ 0x73 , 0x74 , 0x72 , 0x65 , 0x61 , 0x6D , 0x73 , 0x21 ])); writer. close();
Another use of identity transform streams is to add additional buffering to a pipe. In this
example we add extra buffering between readableStream
and writableStream
.
const writableStrategy= new ByteLengthQueuingStrategy({ highWaterMark: 1024 * 1024 }); readableStream. pipeThrough( new TransformStream( undefined , writableStrategy)) . pipeTo( writableStream);
6.2. The TransformStream
class
The TransformStream
class is a concrete instance of the general transform stream concept.
6.2.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the TransformStream
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*,Transferable ]interface {
TransformStream constructor (optional object ,
transformer optional QueuingStrategy = {},
writableStrategy optional QueuingStrategy = {});
readableStrategy readonly attribute ReadableStream readable ;readonly attribute WritableStream writable ; };
6.2.2. Internal slots
Instances of TransformStream
are created with the internal slots described in the following
table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[backpressure]] | Whether there was backpressure on [[readable]] the last time it was observed |
[[backpressureChangePromise]] | A promise which is fulfilled and replaced every time the value of [[backpressure]] changes |
[[controller]] | A TransformStreamDefaultController created with the ability to
control [[readable]] and [[writable]]
|
[[Detached]] | A boolean flag set to true when the stream is transferred |
[[readable]] | The ReadableStream instance controlled by this object
|
[[writable]] | The WritableStream instance controlled by this object
|
6.2.3. The transformer API
The TransformStream()
constructor accepts as its first argument a JavaScript object representing
the transformer. Such objects can contain any of the following methods:
dictionary {
Transformer TransformerStartCallback start ;TransformerTransformCallback transform ;TransformerFlushCallback flush ;TransformerCancelCallback cancel ;any readableType ;any writableType ; };callback =
TransformerStartCallback any (TransformStreamDefaultController );
controller callback =
TransformerFlushCallback Promise <undefined > (TransformStreamDefaultController );
controller callback =
TransformerTransformCallback Promise <undefined > (any ,
chunk TransformStreamDefaultController );
controller callback =
TransformerCancelCallback Promise <undefined > (any );
reason
start(controller)
, of type TransformerStartCallback-
A function that is called immediately during creation of the
TransformStream
.Typically this is used to enqueue prefix chunks, using
controller.enqueue()
. Those chunks will be read from the readable side but don’t depend on any writes to the writable side.If this initial process is asynchronous, for example because it takes some effort to acquire the prefix chunks, the function can return a promise to signal success or failure; a rejected promise will error the stream. Any thrown exceptions will be re-thrown by the
TransformStream()
constructor. transform(chunk, controller)
, of type TransformerTransformCallback-
A function called when a new chunk originally written to the writable side is ready to be transformed. The stream implementation guarantees that this function will be called only after previous transforms have succeeded, and never before
start()
has completed or afterflush()
has been called.This function performs the actual transformation work of the transform stream. It can enqueue the results using
controller.enqueue()
. This permits a single chunk written to the writable side to result in zero or multiple chunks on the readable side, depending on how many timescontroller.enqueue()
is called. § 10.9 A transform stream that replaces template tags demonstrates this by sometimes enqueuing zero chunks.If the process of transforming is asynchronous, this function can return a promise to signal success or failure of the transformation. A rejected promise will error both the readable and writable sides of the transform stream.
The promise potentially returned by this function is used to ensure that well-behaved producers do not attempt to mutate the chunk before it has been fully transformed. (This is not guaranteed by any specification machinery, but instead is an informal contract between producers and the transformer.)
If no
transform()
method is supplied, the identity transform is used, which enqueues chunks unchanged from the writable side to the readable side. flush(controller)
, of type TransformerFlushCallback-
A function called after all chunks written to the writable side have been transformed by successfully passing through
transform()
, and the writable side is about to be closed.Typically this is used to enqueue suffix chunks to the readable side, before that too becomes closed. An example can be seen in § 10.9 A transform stream that replaces template tags.
If the flushing process is asynchronous, the function can return a promise to signal success or failure; the result will be communicated to the caller of
stream.writable.write()
. Additionally, a rejected promise will error both the readable and writable sides of the stream. Throwing an exception is treated the same as returning a rejected promise.(Note that there is no need to call
controller.terminate()
insideflush()
; the stream is already in the process of successfully closing down, and terminating it would be counterproductive.) cancel(reason)
, of type TransformerCancelCallback-
A function called when the readable side is cancelled, or when the writable side is aborted.
Typically this is used to clean up underlying transformer resources when the stream is aborted or cancelled.
If the cancellation process is asynchronous, the function can return a promise to signal success or failure; the result will be communicated to the caller of
stream.writable.abort()
orstream.readable.cancel()
. Throwing an exception is treated the same as returning a rejected promise.(Note that there is no need to call
controller.terminate()
insidecancel()
; the stream is already in the process of cancelling/aborting, and terminating it would be counterproductive.) readableType
, of type any-
This property is reserved for future use, so any attempts to supply a value will throw an exception.
writableType
, of type any-
This property is reserved for future use, so any attempts to supply a value will throw an exception.
The controller
object passed to start()
, transform()
, and flush()
is an instance of TransformStreamDefaultController
, and has the ability to enqueue chunks to the readable side, or to terminate or error the stream.
6.2.4. Constructor and properties
stream = new
TransformStream
([transformer[, writableStrategy[, readableStrategy]]])-
Creates a new
TransformStream
wrapping the provided transformer. See § 6.2.3 The transformer API for more details on the transformer argument.If no transformer argument is supplied, then the result will be an identity transform stream. See this example for some cases where that can be useful.
The writableStrategy and readableStrategy arguments are the queuing strategy objects for the writable and readable sides respectively. These are used in the construction of the
WritableStream
andReadableStream
objects and can be used to add buffering to aTransformStream
, in order to smooth out variations in the speed of the transformation, or to increase the amount of buffering in a pipe. If they are not provided, the default behavior will be the same as aCountQueuingStrategy
, with respective high water marks of 1 and 0. readable = stream.
readable
-
Returns a
ReadableStream
representing the readable side of this transform stream. writable = stream.
writable
-
Returns a
WritableStream
representing the writable side of this transform stream.
new TransformStream(transformer, writableStrategy, readableStrategy)
constructor steps are:
-
If transformer is missing, set it to null.
-
Let transformerDict be transformer, converted to an IDL value of type
Transformer
.We cannot declare the transformer argument as having the
Transformer
type directly, because doing so would lose the reference to the original object. We need to retain the object so we can invoke the various methods on it. -
If transformerDict["
readableType
"] exists, throw aRangeError
exception. -
If transformerDict["
writableType
"] exists, throw aRangeError
exception. -
Let readableHighWaterMark be ? ExtractHighWaterMark(readableStrategy, 0).
-
Let readableSizeAlgorithm be ! ExtractSizeAlgorithm(readableStrategy).
-
Let writableHighWaterMark be ? ExtractHighWaterMark(writableStrategy, 1).
-
Let writableSizeAlgorithm be ! ExtractSizeAlgorithm(writableStrategy).
-
Let startPromise be a new promise.
-
Perform ! InitializeTransformStream(this, startPromise, writableHighWaterMark, writableSizeAlgorithm, readableHighWaterMark, readableSizeAlgorithm).
-
Perform ? SetUpTransformStreamDefaultControllerFromTransformer(this, transformer, transformerDict).
-
If transformerDict["
start
"] exists, then resolve startPromise with the result of invoking transformerDict["start
"] with argument list « this.[[controller]] » and callback this value transformer. -
Otherwise, resolve startPromise with undefined.
readable
getter steps
are:
-
Return this.[[readable]].
writable
getter steps
are:
-
Return this.[[writable]].
6.2.5. Transfer via postMessage()
destination.postMessage(ts, { transfer: [ts] });
-
Sends a
TransformStream
to another frame, window, or worker.The transferred stream can be used exactly like the original. Its readable and writable sides will become locked and no longer directly usable.
TransformStream
objects are transferable objects. Their transfer steps, given value and dataHolder, are:
-
Let readable be value.[[readable]].
-
Let writable be value.[[writable]].
-
If ! IsReadableStreamLocked(readable) is true, throw a "
DataCloneError
"DOMException
. -
If ! IsWritableStreamLocked(writable) is true, throw a "
DataCloneError
"DOMException
. -
Set dataHolder.[[readable]] to ! StructuredSerializeWithTransfer(readable, « readable »).
-
Set dataHolder.[[writable]] to ! StructuredSerializeWithTransfer(writable, « writable »).
-
Let readableRecord be ! StructuredDeserializeWithTransfer(dataHolder.[[readable]], the current Realm).
-
Let writableRecord be ! StructuredDeserializeWithTransfer(dataHolder.[[writable]], the current Realm).
-
Set value.[[readable]] to readableRecord.[[Deserialized]].
-
Set value.[[writable]] to writableRecord.[[Deserialized]].
-
Set value.[[backpressure]], value.[[backpressureChangePromise]], and value.[[controller]] to undefined.
The [[backpressure]], [[backpressureChangePromise]], and [[controller]] slots are
not used in a transferred TransformStream
.
6.3. The TransformStreamDefaultController
class
The TransformStreamDefaultController
class has methods that allow manipulation of the
associated ReadableStream
and WritableStream
. When constructing a TransformStream
, the transformer object is given a corresponding TransformStreamDefaultController
instance to
manipulate.
6.3.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the TransformStreamDefaultController
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
TransformStreamDefaultController readonly attribute unrestricted double ?desiredSize ;undefined enqueue (optional any );
chunk undefined error (optional any );
reason undefined terminate (); };
6.3.2. Internal slots
Instances of TransformStreamDefaultController
are created with the internal slots described in
the following table:
Internal Slot | Description (non-normative) |
---|---|
[[cancelAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm, taking one argument (the reason for cancellation), which communicates a requested cancellation to the transformer |
[[finishPromise]] | A promise which resolves on completion of either the [[cancelAlgorithm]] or the [[flushAlgorithm]]. If this field is unpopulated (that is, undefined), then neither of those algorithms have been invoked yet |
[[flushAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm which communicates a requested close to the transformer |
[[stream]] | The TransformStream instance controlled
|
[[transformAlgorithm]] | A promise-returning algorithm, taking one argument (the chunk to transform), which requests the transformer perform its transformation |
6.3.3. Methods and properties
desiredSize = controller.
desiredSize
-
Returns the desired size to fill the readable side’s internal queue. It can be negative, if the queue is over-full.
controller.
enqueue
(chunk)-
Enqueues the given chunk chunk in the readable side of the controlled transform stream.
controller.
error
(e)-
Errors both the readable side and the writable side of the controlled transform stream, making all future interactions with it fail with the given error e. Any chunks queued for transformation will be discarded.
controller.
terminate
()-
Closes the readable side and errors the writable side of the controlled transform stream. This is useful when the transformer only needs to consume a portion of the chunks written to the writable side.
desiredSize
getter steps are:
-
Let readableController be this.[[stream]].[[readable]].[[controller]].
-
Return ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerGetDesiredSize(readableController).
enqueue(chunk)
method steps are:
-
Perform ? TransformStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(this, chunk).
error(e)
method steps are:
-
Perform ? TransformStreamDefaultControllerError(this, e).
terminate()
method steps are:
-
Perform ? TransformStreamDefaultControllerTerminate(this).
6.4. Abstract operations
6.4.1. Working with transform streams
The following abstract operations operate on TransformStream
instances at a higher level.
-
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns startPromise.
-
Let writeAlgorithm be the following steps, taking a chunk argument:
-
Return ! TransformStreamDefaultSinkWriteAlgorithm(stream, chunk).
-
-
Let abortAlgorithm be the following steps, taking a reason argument:
-
Return ! TransformStreamDefaultSinkAbortAlgorithm(stream, reason).
-
-
Let closeAlgorithm be the following steps:
-
Return ! TransformStreamDefaultSinkCloseAlgorithm(stream).
-
-
Set stream.[[writable]] to ! CreateWritableStream(startAlgorithm, writeAlgorithm, closeAlgorithm, abortAlgorithm, writableHighWaterMark, writableSizeAlgorithm).
-
Let pullAlgorithm be the following steps:
-
Return ! TransformStreamDefaultSourcePullAlgorithm(stream).
-
-
Let cancelAlgorithm be the following steps, taking a reason argument:
-
Return ! TransformStreamDefaultSourceCancelAlgorithm(stream, reason).
-
-
Set stream.[[readable]] to ! CreateReadableStream(startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithm, cancelAlgorithm, readableHighWaterMark, readableSizeAlgorithm).
-
Set stream.[[backpressure]] and stream.[[backpressureChangePromise]] to undefined.
The [[backpressure]] slot is set to undefined so that it can be initialized by TransformStreamSetBackpressure. Alternatively, implementations can use a strictly boolean value for [[backpressure]] and change the way it is initialized. This will not be visible to user code so long as the initialization is correctly completed before the transformer’s
start()
method is called. -
Perform ! TransformStreamSetBackpressure(stream, true).
-
Set stream.[[controller]] to undefined.
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(stream.[[readable]].[[controller]], e).
-
Perform ! TransformStreamErrorWritableAndUnblockWrite(stream, e).
This operation works correctly when one or both sides are already errored. As a result, calling algorithms do not need to check stream states when responding to an error condition.
-
Perform ! TransformStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(stream.[[controller]]).
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerErrorIfNeeded(stream.[[writable]].[[controller]], e).
-
Perform ! TransformStreamUnblockWrite(stream).
-
Assert: stream.[[backpressure]] is not backpressure.
-
If stream.[[backpressureChangePromise]] is not undefined, resolve stream.[[backpressureChangePromise]] with undefined.
-
Set stream.[[backpressureChangePromise]] to a new promise.
-
Set stream.[[backpressure]] to backpressure.
-
If stream.[[backpressure]] is true, perform ! TransformStreamSetBackpressure(stream, false).
The TransformStreamDefaultSinkWriteAlgorithm abstract operation could be waiting for the promise stored in the [[backpressureChangePromise]] slot to resolve. The call to TransformStreamSetBackpressure ensures that the promise always resolves.
6.4.2. Default controllers
The following abstract operations support the implementaiton of the TransformStreamDefaultController
class.
-
Assert: stream implements
TransformStream
. -
Assert: stream.[[controller]] is undefined.
-
Set controller.[[stream]] to stream.
-
Set stream.[[controller]] to controller.
-
Set controller.[[transformAlgorithm]] to transformAlgorithm.
-
Set controller.[[flushAlgorithm]] to flushAlgorithm.
-
Set controller.[[cancelAlgorithm]] to cancelAlgorithm.
-
Let controller be a new
TransformStreamDefaultController
. -
Let transformAlgorithm be the following steps, taking a chunk argument:
-
Let result be TransformStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(controller, chunk).
-
If result is an abrupt completion, return a promise rejected with result.[[Value]].
-
Otherwise, return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let flushAlgorithm be an algorithm which returns a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Let cancelAlgorithm be an algorithm which returns a promise resolved with undefined.
-
If transformerDict["
transform
"] exists, set transformAlgorithm to an algorithm which takes an argument chunk and returns the result of invoking transformerDict["transform
"] with argument list « chunk, controller » and callback this value transformer. -
If transformerDict["
flush
"] exists, set flushAlgorithm to an algorithm which returns the result of invoking transformerDict["flush
"] with argument list « controller » and callback this value transformer. -
If transformerDict["
cancel
"] exists, set cancelAlgorithm to an algorithm which takes an argument reason and returns the result of invoking transformerDict["cancel
"] with argument list « reason » and callback this value transformer. -
Perform ! SetUpTransformStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, transformAlgorithm, flushAlgorithm, cancelAlgorithm).
TransformStream
itself is still referenced.
This is observable using weak references. See tc39/proposal-weakrefs#31 for more detail.
It performs the following steps:
-
Set controller.[[transformAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Set controller.[[flushAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Set controller.[[cancelAlgorithm]] to undefined.
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
Let readableController be stream.[[readable]].[[controller]].
-
If ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerCanCloseOrEnqueue(readableController) is false, throw a
TypeError
exception. -
Let enqueueResult be ReadableStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(readableController, chunk).
-
If enqueueResult is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! TransformStreamErrorWritableAndUnblockWrite(stream, enqueueResult.[[Value]]).
-
Throw stream.[[readable]].[[storedError]].
-
-
Let backpressure be ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerHasBackpressure(readableController).
-
If backpressure is not stream.[[backpressure]],
-
Assert: backpressure is true.
-
Perform ! TransformStreamSetBackpressure(stream, true).
-
-
Perform ! TransformStreamError(controller.[[stream]], e).
-
Let transformPromise be the result of performing controller.[[transformAlgorithm]], passing chunk.
-
Return the result of reacting to transformPromise with the following rejection steps given the argument r:
-
Perform ! TransformStreamError(controller.[[stream]], r).
-
Throw r.
-
-
Let stream be controller.[[stream]].
-
Let readableController be stream.[[readable]].[[controller]].
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClose(readableController).
-
Let error be a
TypeError
exception indicating that the stream has been terminated. -
Perform ! TransformStreamErrorWritableAndUnblockWrite(stream, error).
6.4.3. Default sinks
The following abstract operations are used to implement the underlying sink for the writable side of transform streams.
-
Assert: stream.[[writable]].[[state]] is "
writable
". -
Let controller be stream.[[controller]].
-
If stream.[[backpressure]] is true,
-
Let backpressureChangePromise be stream.[[backpressureChangePromise]].
-
Assert: backpressureChangePromise is not undefined.
-
Return the result of reacting to backpressureChangePromise with the following fulfillment steps:
-
Let writable be stream.[[writable]].
-
Let state be writable.[[state]].
-
If state is "
erroring
", throw writable.[[storedError]]. -
Assert: state is "
writable
". -
Return ! TransformStreamDefaultControllerPerformTransform(controller, chunk).
-
-
-
Return ! TransformStreamDefaultControllerPerformTransform(controller, chunk).
-
Let controller be stream.[[controller]].
-
If controller.[[finishPromise]] is not undefined, return controller.[[finishPromise]].
-
Let readable be stream.[[readable]].
-
Let controller.[[finishPromise]] be a new promise.
-
Let cancelPromise be the result of performing controller.[[cancelAlgorithm]], passing reason.
-
Perform ! TransformStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
React to cancelPromise:
-
If cancelPromise was fulfilled, then:
-
If readable.[[state]] is "
errored
", reject controller.[[finishPromise]] with readable.[[storedError]]. -
Otherwise:
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(readable.[[controller]], reason).
-
Resolve controller.[[finishPromise]] with undefined.
-
-
-
If cancelPromise was rejected with reason r, then:
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(readable.[[controller]], r).
-
Reject controller.[[finishPromise]] with r.
-
-
-
Return controller.[[finishPromise]].
-
Let controller be stream.[[controller]].
-
If controller.[[finishPromise]] is not undefined, return controller.[[finishPromise]].
-
Let readable be stream.[[readable]].
-
Let controller.[[finishPromise]] be a new promise.
-
Let flushPromise be the result of performing controller.[[flushAlgorithm]].
-
Perform ! TransformStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
React to flushPromise:
-
If flushPromise was fulfilled, then:
-
If readable.[[state]] is "
errored
", reject controller.[[finishPromise]] with readable.[[storedError]]. -
Otherwise:
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClose(readable.[[controller]]).
-
Resolve controller.[[finishPromise]] with undefined.
-
-
-
If flushPromise was rejected with reason r, then:
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(readable.[[controller]], r).
-
Reject controller.[[finishPromise]] with r.
-
-
-
Return controller.[[finishPromise]].
6.4.4. Default sources
The following abstract operation is used to implement the underlying source for the readable side of transform streams.
-
Let controller be stream.[[controller]].
-
If controller.[[finishPromise]] is not undefined, return controller.[[finishPromise]].
-
Let writable be stream.[[writable]].
-
Let controller.[[finishPromise]] be a new promise.
-
Let cancelPromise be the result of performing controller.[[cancelAlgorithm]], passing reason.
-
Perform ! TransformStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms(controller).
-
React to cancelPromise:
-
If cancelPromise was fulfilled, then:
-
If writable.[[state]] is "
errored
", reject controller.[[finishPromise]] with writable.[[storedError]]. -
Otherwise:
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerErrorIfNeeded(writable.[[controller]], reason).
-
Perform ! TransformStreamUnblockWrite(stream).
-
Resolve controller.[[finishPromise]] with undefined.
-
-
-
If cancelPromise was rejected with reason r, then:
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerErrorIfNeeded(writable.[[controller]], r).
-
Perform ! TransformStreamUnblockWrite(stream).
-
Reject controller.[[finishPromise]] with r.
-
-
-
Return controller.[[finishPromise]].
-
Assert: stream.[[backpressure]] is true.
-
Assert: stream.[[backpressureChangePromise]] is not undefined.
-
Perform ! TransformStreamSetBackpressure(stream, false).
-
Return stream.[[backpressureChangePromise]].
7. Queuing strategies
7.1. The queuing strategy API
The ReadableStream()
, WritableStream()
, and TransformStream()
constructors all accept
at least one argument representing an appropriate queuing strategy for the stream being
created. Such objects contain the following properties:
dictionary {
QueuingStrategy unrestricted double highWaterMark ;QueuingStrategySize size ; };callback =
QueuingStrategySize unrestricted double (any );
chunk
highWaterMark
, of type unrestricted double-
A non-negative number indicating the high water mark of the stream using this queuing strategy.
size(chunk)
(non-byte streams only), of type QueuingStrategySize-
A function that computes and returns the finite non-negative size of the given chunk value.
The result is used to determine backpressure, manifesting via the appropriate
desiredSize
property: eitherdefaultController.desiredSize
,byteController.desiredSize
, orwriter.desiredSize
, depending on where the queuing strategy is being used. For readable streams, it also governs when the underlying source'spull()
method is called.This function has to be idempotent and not cause side effects; very strange results can occur otherwise.
For readable byte streams, this function is not used, as chunks are always measured in bytes.
Any object with these properties can be used when a queuing strategy object is expected. However,
we provide two built-in queuing strategy classes that provide a common vocabulary for certain
cases: ByteLengthQueuingStrategy
and CountQueuingStrategy
. They both make use of the
following Web IDL fragment for their constructors:
dictionary {
QueuingStrategyInit required unrestricted double ; };
highWaterMark
7.2. The ByteLengthQueuingStrategy
class
A common queuing strategy when dealing with bytes is to wait until the accumulated byteLength
properties of the incoming chunks reaches a specified high-water mark.
As such, this is provided as a built-in queuing strategy that can be used when constructing
streams.
const stream= new ReadableStream( { ... }, new ByteLengthQueuingStrategy({ highWaterMark: 16 * 1024 }) );
In this case, 16 KiB worth of chunks can be enqueued by the readable stream’s underlying source before the readable stream implementation starts sending backpressure signals to the underlying source.
const stream= new WritableStream( { ... }, new ByteLengthQueuingStrategy({ highWaterMark: 32 * 1024 }) );
In this case, 32 KiB worth of chunks can be accumulated in the writable stream’s internal queue, waiting for previous writes to the underlying sink to finish, before the writable stream starts sending backpressure signals to any producers.
It is not necessary to use ByteLengthQueuingStrategy
with readable byte
streams, as they always measure chunks in bytes. Attempting to construct a byte stream with a ByteLengthQueuingStrategy
will fail.
7.2.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the ByteLengthQueuingStrategy
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
ByteLengthQueuingStrategy constructor (QueuingStrategyInit );
init readonly attribute unrestricted double highWaterMark ;readonly attribute Function size ; };
7.2.2. Internal slots
Instances of ByteLengthQueuingStrategy
have a [[highWaterMark]] internal slot, storing the value given
in the constructor.
Function
whose value must be initialized as follows:
-
Let steps be the following steps, given chunk:
-
Return ? GetV(chunk, "
byteLength
").
-
-
Let F be ! CreateBuiltinFunction(steps, 1, "
size
", « », globalObject’s relevant Realm). -
Set globalObject’s byte length queuing strategy size function to a
Function
that represents a reference to F, with callback context equal to globalObject’s relevant settings object.
This design is somewhat historical. It is motivated by the desire to ensure that size
is a function, not a method, i.e. it does not check its this
value. See whatwg/streams#1005 and heycam/webidl#819 for more background.
7.2.3. Constructor and properties
strategy = new
ByteLengthQueuingStrategy
({highWaterMark
})-
Creates a new
ByteLengthQueuingStrategy
with the provided high water mark.Note that the provided high water mark will not be validated ahead of time. Instead, if it is negative, NaN, or not a number, the resulting
ByteLengthQueuingStrategy
will cause the corresponding stream constructor to throw. highWaterMark = strategy.
highWaterMark
-
Returns the high water mark provided to the constructor.
strategy.
size
(chunk)-
Measures the size of chunk by returning the value of its
byteLength
property.
new ByteLengthQueuingStrategy(init)
constructor steps
are:
-
Set this.[[highWaterMark]] to init["
highWaterMark
"].
highWaterMark
getter steps are:
-
Return this.[[highWaterMark]].
size
getter steps are:
7.3. The CountQueuingStrategy
class
A common queuing strategy when dealing with streams of generic objects is to simply count the number of chunks that have been accumulated so far, waiting until this number reaches a specified high-water mark. As such, this strategy is also provided out of the box.
const stream= new ReadableStream( { ... }, new CountQueuingStrategy({ highWaterMark: 10 }) );
In this case, 10 chunks (of any kind) can be enqueued by the readable stream’s underlying source before the readable stream implementation starts sending backpressure signals to the underlying source.
const stream= new WritableStream( { ... }, new CountQueuingStrategy({ highWaterMark: 5 }) );
In this case, five chunks (of any kind) can be accumulated in the writable stream’s internal queue, waiting for previous writes to the underlying sink to finish, before the writable stream starts sending backpressure signals to any producers.
7.3.1. Interface definition
The Web IDL definition for the CountQueuingStrategy
class is given as follows:
[Exposed=*]interface {
CountQueuingStrategy constructor (QueuingStrategyInit );
init readonly attribute unrestricted double highWaterMark ;readonly attribute Function size ; };
7.3.2. Internal slots
Instances of CountQueuingStrategy
have a [[highWaterMark]] internal slot, storing the value given in the constructor.
Function
whose value must be initialized as follows:
-
Let steps be the following steps:
-
Return 1.
-
-
Let F be ! CreateBuiltinFunction(steps, 0, "
size
", « », globalObject’s relevant Realm). -
Set globalObject’s count queuing strategy size function to a
Function
that represents a reference to F, with callback context equal to globalObject’s relevant settings object.
This design is somewhat historical. It is motivated by the desire to ensure that size
is a function, not a method, i.e. it does not check its this
value. See whatwg/streams#1005 and heycam/webidl#819 for more background.
7.3.3. Constructor and properties
strategy = new
CountQueuingStrategy
({highWaterMark
})-
Creates a new
CountQueuingStrategy
with the provided high water mark.Note that the provided high water mark will not be validated ahead of time. Instead, if it is negative, NaN, or not a number, the resulting
CountQueuingStrategy
will cause the corresponding stream constructor to throw. highWaterMark = strategy.
highWaterMark
-
Returns the high water mark provided to the constructor.
strategy.
size
(chunk)-
Measures the size of chunk by always returning 1. This ensures that the total queue size is a count of the number of chunks in the queue.
new CountQueuingStrategy(init)
constructor steps are:
-
Set this.[[highWaterMark]] to init["
highWaterMark
"].
highWaterMark
getter steps are:
-
Return this.[[highWaterMark]].
size
getter steps are:
7.4. Abstract operations
The following algorithms are used by the stream constructors to extract the relevant pieces from
a QueuingStrategy
dictionary.
-
If strategy["
highWaterMark
"] does not exist, return defaultHWM. -
Let highWaterMark be strategy["
highWaterMark
"]. -
If highWaterMark is NaN or highWaterMark < 0, throw a
RangeError
exception. -
Return highWaterMark.
+∞ is explicitly allowed as a valid high water mark. It causes backpressure to never be applied.
8. Supporting abstract operations
The following abstract operations each support the implementation of more than one type of stream, and as such are not grouped under the major sections above.
8.1. Queue-with-sizes
The streams in this specification use a "queue-with-sizes" data structure to store queued up
values, along with their determined sizes. Various specification objects contain a
queue-with-sizes, represented by the object having two paired internal slots, always named
[[queue]] and [[queueTotalSize]]. [[queue]] is a list of value-with-sizes, and
[[queueTotalSize]] is a JavaScript Number
, i.e. a double-precision floating point number.
The following abstract operations are used when operating on objects that contain queues-with-sizes, in order to ensure that the two internal slots stay synchronized.
Due to the limited precision of floating-point arithmetic, the framework specified here, of keeping a running total in the [[queueTotalSize]] slot, is not equivalent to adding up the size of all chunks in [[queue]]. (However, this only makes a difference when there is a huge (~1015) variance in size between chunks, or when trillions of chunks are enqueued.)
In what follows, a value-with-size is a struct with the two items value and size.
-
Assert: container has [[queue]] and [[queueTotalSize]] internal slots.
-
Assert: container.[[queue]] is not empty.
-
Let valueWithSize be container.[[queue]][0].
-
Remove valueWithSize from container.[[queue]].
-
Set container.[[queueTotalSize]] to container.[[queueTotalSize]] − valueWithSize’s size.
-
If container.[[queueTotalSize]] < 0, set container.[[queueTotalSize]] to 0. (This can occur due to rounding errors.)
-
Return valueWithSize’s value.
-
Assert: container has [[queue]] and [[queueTotalSize]] internal slots.
-
If ! IsNonNegativeNumber(size) is false, throw a
RangeError
exception. -
If size is +∞, throw a
RangeError
exception. -
Append a new value-with-size with value value and size size to container.[[queue]].
-
Set container.[[queueTotalSize]] to container.[[queueTotalSize]] + size.
-
Assert: container has [[queue]] and [[queueTotalSize]] internal slots.
-
Set container.[[queue]] to a new empty list.
-
Set container.[[queueTotalSize]] to 0.
8.2. Transferable streams
Transferable streams are implemented using a special kind of identity transform which has the writable side in one realm and the readable side in another realm. The following abstract operations are used to implement these "cross-realm transforms".
-
Perform PackAndPostMessage(port, "
error
", error), discarding the result.
As we are already in an errored state when this abstract operation is performed, we cannot handle further errors, so we just discard them.
-
Let message be OrdinaryObjectCreate(null).
-
Perform ! CreateDataProperty(message, "
type
", type). -
Perform ! CreateDataProperty(message, "
value
", value). -
Let targetPort be the port with which port is entangled, if any; otherwise let it be null.
-
Let options be «[ "
transfer
" → « » ]». -
Run the message port post message steps providing targetPort, message, and options.
A JavaScript object is used for transfer to avoid having to duplicate the message
port post message steps. The prototype of the object is set to null to avoid interference from %Object.prototype%
.
-
Let result be PackAndPostMessage(port, type, value).
-
If result is an abrupt completion,
-
Perform ! CrossRealmTransformSendError(port, result.[[Value]]).
-
-
Return result as a completion record.
-
Perform ! InitializeReadableStream(stream).
-
Let controller be a new
ReadableStreamDefaultController
. -
Add a handler for port’s
message
event with the following steps:-
Let data be the data of the message.
-
Assert: data is an Object.
-
Let type be ! Get(data, "
type
"). -
Let value be ! Get(data, "
value
"). -
Assert: type is a String.
-
If type is "
chunk
",-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(controller, value).
-
-
Otherwise, if type is "
close
",-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClose(controller).
-
Disentangle port.
-
-
Otherwise, if type is "
error
",-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(controller, value).
-
Disentangle port.
-
-
-
Add a handler for port’s
messageerror
event with the following steps:-
Let error be a new "
DataCloneError
"DOMException
. -
Perform ! CrossRealmTransformSendError(port, error).
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(controller, error).
-
Disentangle port.
-
-
Enable port’s port message queue.
-
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Let pullAlgorithm be the following steps:
-
Perform ! PackAndPostMessage(port, "
pull
", undefined). -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let cancelAlgorithm be the following steps, taking a reason argument:
-
Let result be PackAndPostMessageHandlingError(port, "
error
", reason). -
Disentangle port.
-
If result is an abrupt completion, return a promise rejected with result.[[Value]].
-
Otherwise, return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let sizeAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns 1.
-
Perform ! SetUpReadableStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithm, cancelAlgorithm, 0, sizeAlgorithm).
Implementations are encouraged to explicitly handle failures from the asserts in this algorithm, as the input might come from an untrusted context. Failure to do so could lead to security issues.
-
Perform ! InitializeWritableStream(stream).
-
Let controller be a new
WritableStreamDefaultController
. -
Let backpressurePromise be a new promise.
-
Add a handler for port’s
message
event with the following steps:-
Let data be the data of the message.
-
Assert: data is an Object.
-
Let type be ! Get(data, "
type
"). -
Let value be ! Get(data, "
value
"). -
Assert: type is a String.
-
If type is "
pull
",-
If backpressurePromise is not undefined,
-
Resolve backpressurePromise with undefined.
-
Set backpressurePromise to undefined.
-
-
-
Otherwise, if type is "
error
",-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerErrorIfNeeded(controller, value).
-
If backpressurePromise is not undefined,
-
Resolve backpressurePromise with undefined.
-
Set backpressurePromise to undefined.
-
-
-
-
Add a handler for port’s
messageerror
event with the following steps:-
Let error be a new "
DataCloneError
"DOMException
. -
Perform ! CrossRealmTransformSendError(port, error).
-
Perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerErrorIfNeeded(controller, error).
-
Disentangle port.
-
-
Enable port’s port message queue.
-
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Let writeAlgorithm be the following steps, taking a chunk argument:
-
If backpressurePromise is undefined, set backpressurePromise to a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Return the result of reacting to backpressurePromise with the following fulfillment steps:
-
Set backpressurePromise to a new promise.
-
Let result be PackAndPostMessageHandlingError(port, "
chunk
", chunk). -
If result is an abrupt completion,
-
Disentangle port.
-
Return a promise rejected with result.[[Value]].
-
-
Otherwise, return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
-
Let closeAlgorithm be the folowing steps:
-
Perform ! PackAndPostMessage(port, "
close
", undefined). -
Disentangle port.
-
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let abortAlgorithm be the following steps, taking a reason argument:
-
Let result be PackAndPostMessageHandlingError(port, "
error
", reason). -
Disentangle port.
-
If result is an abrupt completion, return a promise rejected with result.[[Value]].
-
Otherwise, return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let sizeAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns 1.
-
Perform ! SetUpWritableStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, writeAlgorithm, closeAlgorithm, abortAlgorithm, 1, sizeAlgorithm).
Implementations are encouraged to explicitly handle failures from the asserts in this algorithm, as the input might come from an untrusted context. Failure to do so could lead to security issues.
8.3. Miscellaneous
The following abstract operations are a grab-bag of utilities.
-
Assert: O is an Object.
-
Assert: O has an [[ArrayBufferData]] internal slot.
-
If ! IsDetachedBuffer(O) is true, return false.
-
If SameValue(O.[[ArrayBufferDetachKey]], undefined) is false, return false.
-
Return true.
-
If v is not a Number, return false.
-
If v is NaN, return false.
-
If v < 0, return false.
-
Return true.
-
Assert: ! IsDetachedBuffer(O) is false.
-
Let arrayBufferData be O.[[ArrayBufferData]].
-
Let arrayBufferByteLength be O.[[ArrayBufferByteLength]].
-
Perform ? DetachArrayBuffer(O).
This will throw an exception if O has an [[ArrayBufferDetachKey]] that is not undefined, such as a
WebAssembly.Memory
'sbuffer
. [WASM-JS-API-1] -
Return a new
ArrayBuffer
object, created in the current Realm, whose [[ArrayBufferData]] internal slot value is arrayBufferData and whose [[ArrayBufferByteLength]] internal slot value is arrayBufferByteLength.
-
Assert: O is an Object.
-
Assert: O has an [[ViewedArrayBuffer]] internal slot.
-
Assert: ! IsDetachedBuffer(O.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]]) is false.
-
Let buffer be ? CloneArrayBuffer(O.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]], O.[[ByteOffset]], O.[[ByteLength]],
%ArrayBuffer%
). -
Let array be ! Construct(
%Uint8Array%
, « buffer »). -
Return array.
-
Let serialized be ? StructuredSerialize(v).
-
Return ? StructuredDeserialize(serialized, the current Realm).
-
Assert: toBuffer is an Object.
-
Assert: toBuffer has an [[ArrayBufferData]] internal slot.
-
Assert: fromBuffer is an Object.
-
Assert: fromBuffer has an [[ArrayBufferData]] internal slot.
-
If toBuffer is fromBuffer, return false.
-
If ! IsDetachedBuffer(toBuffer) is true, return false.
-
If ! IsDetachedBuffer(fromBuffer) is true, return false.
-
If toIndex + count > toBuffer.[[ArrayBufferByteLength]], return false.
-
If fromIndex + count > fromBuffer.[[ArrayBufferByteLength]], return false.
-
Return true.
9. Using streams in other specifications
Much of this standard concerns itself with the internal machinery of streams. Other specifications generally do not need to worry about these details. Instead, they should interface with this standard via the various IDL types it defines, along with the following definitions.
Specifications should not directly inspect or manipulate the various internal slots defined in this standard. Similarly, they should not use the abstract operations defined here. Such direct usage can break invariants that this standard otherwise maintains.
If your specification wants to interface with streams in a way not supported here, file an issue. This section is intended to grow organically as needed.
9.1. Readable streams
9.1.1. Creation and manipulation
ReadableStream
object stream, given an optional algorithm pullAlgorithm, an optional algorithm cancelAlgorithm, an optional number highWaterMark (default 1), and an optional algorithm sizeAlgorithm, perform the following steps. If
given, pullAlgorithm and cancelAlgorithm may return a promise. If given, sizeAlgorithm must
be an algorithm accepting chunk objects and returning a number; and if given, highWaterMark must be a non-negative, non-NaN number.
-
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Let pullAlgorithmWrapper be an algorithm that runs these steps:
-
Let result be the result of running pullAlgorithm, if pullAlgorithm was given, or null otherwise. If this throws an exception e, return a promise rejected with e.
-
If result is a
Promise
, then return result. -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let cancelAlgorithmWrapper be an algorithm that runs these steps given reason:
-
Let result be the result of running cancelAlgorithm given reason, if cancelAlgorithm was given, or null otherwise. If this throws an exception e, return a promise rejected with e.
-
If result is a
Promise
, then return result. -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
If sizeAlgorithm was not given, then set it to an algorithm that returns 1.
-
Perform ! InitializeReadableStream(stream).
-
Let controller be a new
ReadableStreamDefaultController
. -
Perform ! SetUpReadableStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithmWrapper, cancelAlgorithmWrapper, highWaterMark, sizeAlgorithm).
ReadableStream
object stream, given an optional algorithm pullAlgorithm,
an optional algorithm cancelAlgorithm, and an optional number highWaterMark (default 0),
perform the following steps. If given, pullAlgorithm and cancelAlgorithm may return a promise.
If given, highWaterMark must be a non-negative, non-NaN number.
-
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Let pullAlgorithmWrapper be an algorithm that runs these steps:
-
Let result be the result of running pullAlgorithm, if pullAlgorithm was given, or null otherwise. If this throws an exception e, return a promise rejected with e.
-
If result is a
Promise
, then return result. -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let cancelAlgorithmWrapper be an algorithm that runs these steps:
-
Let result be the result of running cancelAlgorithm, if cancelAlgorithm was given, or null otherwise. If this throws an exception e, return a promise rejected with e.
-
If result is a
Promise
, then return result. -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Perform ! InitializeReadableStream(stream).
-
Let controller be a new
ReadableByteStreamController
. -
Perform ! SetUpReadableByteStreamController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, pullAlgorithmWrapper, cancelAlgorithmWrapper, highWaterMark, undefined).
ReadableStream
from other specifications is thus a two-step process, like so:
-
Let readableStream be a new
ReadableStream
. -
Set up readableStream given….
Subclasses of ReadableStream
will use the set up or set up with byte reading support operations directly on the this value inside
their constructor steps.
The following algorithms must only be used on ReadableStream
instances initialized via the above set up or set up with byte reading support algorithms (not,
e.g., on web-developer-created instances):
ReadableStream
stream’s desired size to fill up to the
high water mark is the result of running the following steps:
-
If stream is not readable, then return 0.
-
If stream.[[controller]] implements
ReadableByteStreamController
, then return ! ReadableByteStreamControllerGetDesiredSize(stream.[[controller]]). -
Return ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerGetDesiredSize(stream.[[controller]]).
A ReadableStream
needs more data if its desired size to fill up to the high water
mark is greater than zero.
ReadableStream
stream:
-
If stream.[[controller]] implements
ReadableByteStreamController
,-
Perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerClose(stream.[[controller]]).
-
If stream.[[controller]].[[pendingPullIntos]] is not empty, perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerRespond(stream.[[controller]], 0).
-
-
Otherwise, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerClose(stream.[[controller]]).
ReadableStream
stream given a JavaScript
value e:
-
If stream.[[controller]] implements
ReadableByteStreamController
, then perform ! ReadableByteStreamControllerError(stream.[[controller]], e). -
Otherwise, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerError(stream.[[controller]], e).
ReadableStream
stream:
-
If stream.[[controller]] implements
ReadableStreamDefaultController
,-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(stream.[[controller]], chunk).
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Assert: stream.[[controller]] implements
ReadableByteStreamController
. -
Assert: chunk is an
ArrayBufferView
. -
Let byobView be the current BYOB request view for stream.
-
If byobView is non-null, and chunk.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]] is byobView.[[ViewedArrayBuffer]], then:
-
Assert: chunk.[[ByteOffset]] is byobView.[[ByteOffset]].
-
Assert: chunk.[[ByteLength]] ≤ byobView.[[ByteLength]].
These asserts ensure that the caller does not write outside the requested range in the current BYOB request view.
-
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerRespond(stream.[[controller]], chunk.[[ByteLength]]).
-
-
Otherwise, perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueue(stream.[[controller]], chunk).
-
The following algorithms must only be used on ReadableStream
instances initialized via the above set up with byte reading support algorithm:
ReadableStream
stream is either an ArrayBufferView
or null, determined by the following
steps:
-
Assert: stream.[[controller]] implements
ReadableByteStreamController
. -
Let byobRequest be ! ReadableByteStreamControllerGetBYOBRequest(stream.[[controller]]).
-
If byobRequest is null, then return null.
-
Return byobRequest.[[view]].
Specifications must not transfer or detach the underlying buffer of the current BYOB request view.
Implementations could do something equivalent to transferring, e.g. if they want to write into the memory from another thread. But they would need to make a few adjustments to how they implement the enqueue and close algorithms to keep the same observable consequences. In specification-land, transferring and detaching is just disallowed.
Specifications should, when possible, write into the current
BYOB request view when it is non-null, and then call enqueue with that view.
They should only create a new ArrayBufferView
to pass to enqueue when the current BYOB request view is null, or when
they have more bytes on hand than the current BYOB request view's byte length. This avoids unnecessary copies and better respects the wishes of the
stream’s consumer.
The following pull from bytes algorithm implements these requirements, for the common case where bytes are derived from a byte sequence that serves as the specification-level representation of an underlying byte source. Note that it is conservative and leaves bytes in the byte sequence, instead of aggressively enqueueing them, so callers of this algorithm might want to use the number of remaining bytes as a backpressure signal.
ReadableStream
stream:
-
Assert: stream.[[controller]] implements
ReadableByteStreamController
. -
Let available be bytes’s length.
-
Let desiredSize be available.
-
If stream’s current BYOB request view is non-null, then set desiredSize to stream’s current BYOB request view's byte length.
-
Let pullSize be the smaller value of available and desiredSize.
-
Let pulled be the first pullSize bytes of bytes.
-
Remove the first pullSize bytes from bytes.
-
If stream’s current BYOB request view is non-null, then:
-
Write pulled into stream’s current BYOB request view.
-
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerRespond(stream.[[controller]], pullSize).
-
-
Otherwise,
-
Set view to the result of creating a
Uint8Array
from pulled in stream’s relevant Realm. -
Perform ? ReadableByteStreamControllerEnqueue(stream.[[controller]], view).
-
Specifications must not write into the current BYOB request view or pull from bytes after closing the corresponding ReadableStream
.
9.1.2. Reading
The following algorithms can be used on arbitrary ReadableStream
instances, including ones that
are created by web developers. They can all fail in various operation-specific ways, and these
failures should be handled by the calling specification.
To get a reader for a ReadableStream
stream, return ? AcquireReadableStreamDefaultReader(stream). The result
will be a ReadableStreamDefaultReader
.
This will throw an exception if stream is already locked.
To read
a chunk from a ReadableStreamDefaultReader
reader, given a read request readRequest, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRead(reader, readRequest).
To read all
bytes from a ReadableStreamDefaultReader
reader, given successSteps,
which is an algorithm accepting a byte sequence, and failureSteps, which is an algorithm
accepting a JavaScript value: read-loop given reader, a new byte sequence, successSteps, and failureSteps.
-
Let readRequest be a new read request with the following items:
- chunk steps, given chunk
-
-
If chunk is not a
Uint8Array
object, call failureSteps with aTypeError
and abort these steps. -
Append the bytes represented by chunk to bytes.
-
Read-loop given reader, bytes, successSteps, and failureSteps.
This recursion could potentially cause a stack overflow if implemented directly. Implementations will need to mitigate this, e.g. by using a non-recursive variant of this algorithm, or queuing a microtask, or using a more direct method of byte-reading as noted below.
-
- close steps
-
-
Call successSteps with bytes.
-
- error steps, given e
-
-
Call failureSteps with e.
-
-
Perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRead(reader, readRequest).
Because reader grants exclusive access to its corresponding ReadableStream
,
the actual mechanism of how to read cannot be observed. Implementations could use a more direct
mechanism if convenient, such as acquiring and using a ReadableStreamBYOBReader
instead of a ReadableStreamDefaultReader
, or accessing the chunks directly.
To release a ReadableStreamDefaultReader
reader, perform ! ReadableStreamDefaultReaderRelease(reader).
To cancel a ReadableStreamDefaultReader
reader with reason, perform ! ReadableStreamReaderGenericCancel(reader, reason). The return value will be a promise
that either fulfills with undefined, or rejects with a failure reason.
To cancel a ReadableStream
stream with reason, return ! ReadableStreamCancel(stream, reason). The return value will be a promise
that either fulfills with undefined, or rejects with a failure reason.
To tee a ReadableStream
stream,
return ? ReadableStreamTee(stream, true).
Because we pass true as the second argument to ReadableStreamTee, the second branch returned will have its chunks cloned (using HTML’s serializable objects framework) from those of the first branch. This prevents consumption of one of the branches from interfering with the other.
9.1.3. Introspection
The following predicates can be used on arbitrary ReadableStream
objects. However, note that
apart from checking whether or not the stream is locked, this direct
introspection is not possible via the public JavaScript API, and so specifications should instead
use the algorithms in § 9.1.2 Reading. (For example, instead of testing if the stream is readable, attempt to get a reader and handle any exception.)
A ReadableStream
stream is readable if stream.[[state]] is "readable
".
A ReadableStream
stream is closed if stream.[[state]] is "closed
".
A ReadableStream
stream is errored if stream.[[state]] is "errored
".
A ReadableStream
stream is locked if ! IsReadableStreamLocked(stream) returns true.
A ReadableStream
stream is disturbed if stream.[[disturbed]] is
true.
This indicates whether the stream has ever been read from or canceled. Even more so than other predicates in this section, it is best consulted sparingly, since this is not information web developers have access to even indirectly. As such, branching platform behavior on it is undesirable.
9.2. Writable streams
9.2.1. Creation and manipulation
WritableStream
object stream, given an algorithm writeAlgorithm, an optional algorithm closeAlgorithm, an optional algorithm abortAlgorithm, an optional number highWaterMark (default 1), an optional algorithm sizeAlgorithm, perform the following steps. writeAlgorithm must be an algorithm that accepts a chunk object and returns a promise. If
given, closeAlgorithm and abortAlgorithm may return a promise. If given, sizeAlgorithm must
be an algorithm accepting chunk objects and returning a number; and if given, highWaterMark must be a non-negative, non-NaN number.
-
Let startAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns undefined.
-
Let closeAlgorithmWrapper be an algorithm that runs these steps:
-
Let result be the result of running closeAlgorithm, if closeAlgorithm was given, or null otherwise. If this throws an exception e, return a promise rejected with e.
-
If result is a
Promise
, then return result. -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let abortAlgorithmWrapper be an algorithm that runs these steps given reason:
-
Let result be the result of running abortAlgorithm given reason, if abortAlgorithm was given, or null otherwise. If this throws an exception e, return a promise rejected with e.
-
If result is a
Promise
, then return result. -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
If sizeAlgorithm was not given, then set it to an algorithm that returns 1.
-
Perform ! InitializeWritableStream(stream).
-
Let controller be a new
WritableStreamDefaultController
. -
Perform ! SetUpWritableStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, startAlgorithm, writeAlgorithm, closeAlgorithmWrapper, abortAlgorithmWrapper, highWaterMark, sizeAlgorithm).
Other specifications should be careful when constructing their writeAlgorithm to avoid in parallel reads from the given chunk, as such reads can violate the run-to-completion semantics of JavaScript. To avoid this,
they can make a synchronous copy or transfer of the given value, using operations such as StructuredSerializeWithTransfer, get a copy of the bytes held by the buffer source, or transferring an ArrayBuffer
. An exception is when the chunk is a SharedArrayBuffer
, for which it is understood that parallel mutations are a fact
of life.
WritableStream
from other specifications is thus a two-step process, like so:
-
Let writableStream be a new
WritableStream
. -
Set up writableStream given….
Subclasses of WritableStream
will use the set up operation
directly on the this value inside their constructor steps.
The following definitions must only be used on WritableStream
instances initialized via the
above set up algorithm:
To error a WritableStream
stream given a JavaScript value e, perform ! WritableStreamDefaultControllerErrorIfNeeded(stream.[[controller]], e).
The signal of a WritableStream
stream is stream.[[controller]].[[abortController]]'s signal. Specifications can add or remove algorithms to this AbortSignal
, or consult whether it is aborted and its abort reason.
The usual usage is, after setting up the WritableStream
, add an algorithm to its signal, which aborts any ongoing write
operation to the underlying sink. Then, inside the writeAlgorithm, once the underlying sink has responded, check if the signal is aborted, and reject the returned promise with the
signal’s abort reason if so.
9.2.2. Writing
The following algorithms can be used on arbitrary WritableStream
instances, including ones that
are created by web developers. They can all fail in various operation-specific ways, and these
failures should be handled by the calling specification.
To get a writer for a WritableStream
stream, return ? AcquireWritableStreamDefaultWriter(stream). The result
will be a WritableStreamDefaultWriter
.
This will throw an exception if stream is already locked.
To write a chunk to a WritableStreamDefaultWriter
writer, given a value chunk,
return ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterWrite(writer, chunk).
To release a WritableStreamDefaultWriter
writer, perform ! WritableStreamDefaultWriterRelease(writer).
To close a WritableStream
stream, return ! WritableStreamClose(stream). The return value will be a promise that either
fulfills with undefined, or rejects with a failure reason.
To abort a WritableStream
stream with reason, return ! WritableStreamAbort(stream, reason). The
return value will be a promise that either fulfills with undefined, or rejects with a failure
reason.
9.3. Transform streams
9.3.1. Creation and manipulation
TransformStream
stream given an algorithm transformAlgorithm, an optional algorithm flushAlgorithm, and an optional algorithm cancelAlgorithm, perform the following steps. transformAlgorithm and, if given, flushAlgorithm and cancelAlgorithm, may return a promise.
-
Let writableHighWaterMark be 1.
-
Let writableSizeAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns 1.
-
Let readableHighWaterMark be 0.
-
Let readableSizeAlgorithm be an algorithm that returns 1.
-
Let transformAlgorithmWrapper be an algorithm that runs these steps given a value chunk:
-
Let result be the result of running transformAlgorithm given chunk. If this throws an exception e, return a promise rejected with e.
-
If result is a
Promise
, then return result. -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let flushAlgorithmWrapper be an algorithm that runs these steps:
-
Let result be the result of running flushAlgorithm, if flushAlgorithm was given, or null otherwise. If this throws an exception e, return a promise rejected with e.
-
If result is a
Promise
, then return result. -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let cancelAlgorithmWrapper be an algorithm that runs these steps given a value reason:
-
Let result be the result of running cancelAlgorithm given reason, if cancelAlgorithm was given, or null otherwise. If this throws an exception e, return a promise rejected with e.
-
If result is a
Promise
, then return result. -
Return a promise resolved with undefined.
-
-
Let startPromise be a promise resolved with undefined.
-
Perform ! InitializeTransformStream(stream, startPromise, writableHighWaterMark, writableSizeAlgorithm, readableHighWaterMark, readableSizeAlgorithm).
-
Let controller be a new
TransformStreamDefaultController
. -
Perform ! SetUpTransformStreamDefaultController(stream, controller, transformAlgorithmWrapper, flushAlgorithmWrapper, cancelAlgorithmWrapper).
Other specifications should be careful when constructing their transformAlgorithm to avoid in parallel reads from the given chunk, as such reads can violate the run-to-completion semantics of JavaScript. To avoid this,
they can make a synchronous copy or transfer of the given value, using operations such as StructuredSerializeWithTransfer, get a copy of the bytes held by the buffer source, or transferring an ArrayBuffer
. An exception is when the chunk is a SharedArrayBuffer
, for which it is understood that parallel mutations are a fact
of life.
TransformStream
from other specifications is thus a two-step process, like so:
-
Let transformStream be a new
TransformStream
. -
Set up transformStream given….
Subclasses of TransformStream
will use the set up operation
directly on the this value inside their constructor steps.
TransformStream
:
-
Let transformStream be a new
TransformStream
. -
Set up transformStream with transformAlgorithm set to an algorithm which, given chunk, enqueues chunk in transformStream.
-
Return transformStream.
The following algorithms must only be used on TransformStream
instances initialized via the
above set up algorithm. Usually they are called as part of transformAlgorithm or flushAlgorithm.
To enqueue the JavaScript value chunk into a TransformStream
stream, perform ! TransformStreamDefaultControllerEnqueue(stream.[[controller]], chunk).
To terminate a TransformStream
stream,
perform ! TransformStreamDefaultControllerTerminate(stream.[[controller]]).
To error a TransformStream
stream given a
JavaScript value e, perform ! TransformStreamDefaultControllerError(stream.[[controller]], e).
9.3.2. Wrapping into a custom class
Other specifications which mean to define custom transform streams might not want to subclass
from the TransformStream
interface directly. Instead, if they need a new class, they can create
their own independent Web IDL interfaces, and use the following mixin:
interface mixin {
GenericTransformStream readonly attribute ReadableStream readable ;readonly attribute WritableStream writable ; };
Any platform object that includes the GenericTransformStream
mixin has an associated transform, which is an actual TransformStream
.
The readable
getter steps are to return this's transform.[[readable]].
The writable
getter steps are to return this's transform.[[writable]].
Including the GenericTransformStream
mixin will give an IDL interface the appropriate readable
and writable
properties. To customize
the behavior of the resulting interface, its constructor (or other initialization code) must set
each instance’s transform to a new TransformStream
, and then set it up with appropriate customizations via the transformAlgorithm and optionally flushAlgorithm arguments.
Note: Existing examples of this pattern on the web platform include CompressionStream
and TextDecoderStream
. [COMPRESSION] [ENCODING]
There’s no need to create a wrapper class if you don’t need any API beyond what the
base TransformStream
class provides. The most common driver for such a wrapper is needing custom constructor steps, but if your conceptual transform stream isn’t meant to be constructed, then
using TransformStream
directly is fine.
9.4. Other stream pairs
Apart from transform streams, discussed above, specifications often create pairs of readable and writable streams. This section gives some guidance for such situations.
In all such cases, specifications should use the names readable
and writable
for the two
properties exposing the streams in question. They should not use other names (such as input
/output
or readableStream
/writableStream
), and they should not use methods or other
non-property means of access to the streams.
9.4.1. Duplex streams
The most common readable/writable pair is a duplex stream, where the readable and writable streams represent two sides of a single shared resource, such as a socket, connection, or device.
The trickiest thing to consider when specifying duplex streams is how to handle operations like canceling the readable side, or closing or aborting the writable side. It might make sense to leave duplex streams "half open", with such operations one one side not impacting the other side. Or it might be best to carry over their effects to the other side, e.g. by specifying that your readable side’s cancelAlgorithm will close the writable side.
A basic example of a duplex stream, created through JavaScript instead of through specification prose, is found in § 10.8 A { readable, writable } stream pair wrapping the same underlying resource. It illustrates this carry-over behavior.
Another consideration is how to handle the creation of duplex streams which need to be acquired asynchronously, e.g. via establishing a connection. The preferred pattern here is to have a constructible class with a promise-returning property that fulfills with the actual duplex stream object. That duplex stream object can also then expose any information that is only available asynchronously, e.g. connection data. The container class can then provide convenience APIs, such as a function to close the entire connection instead of only closing individual sides.
An example of this more complex type of duplex
stream is the still-being-specified WebSocketStream
. See its explainer and design
notes.
Because duplex streams obey the readable
/writable
property contract, they can be used with pipeThrough()
. This doesn’t always make sense, but it could in cases where the
underlying resource is in fact performing some sort of transformation.
For an arbitrary WebSocket, piping through a WebSocket-derived duplex stream doesn’t make sense. However, if the WebSocket server is specifically written so that it responds to incoming messages by sending the same data back in some transformed form, then this could be useful and convenient.
9.4.2. Endpoint pairs
Another type of readable/writable pair is an endpoint pair. In these cases the readable and writable streams represent the two ends of a longer pipeline, with the intention that web developer code insert transform streams into the middle of them.
createEndpointPair()
, web developers would write
code like so:
const { readable, writable} = createEndpointPair(); await readable. pipeThrough( new TransformStream(...)). pipeTo( writable);
WebRTC Encoded Transform is an example of this technique, with its RTCRtpScriptTransformer
interface which has
both readable
and writable
attributes.
Despite such endpoint pairs obeying the readable
/writable
property contract, it never makes
sense to pass them to pipeThrough()
.
9.5. Piping
ReadableStream
readable piped to a WritableStream
writable, given an optional boolean preventClose (default false), an optional boolean preventAbort (default false), an optional boolean preventCancel (default
false), and an optional AbortSignal
signal, is given by performing the following steps.
They will return a Promise
that fulfills when the pipe completes, or rejects with an exception
if it fails.
-
Assert: ! IsReadableStreamLocked(readable) is false.
-
Assert: ! IsWritableStreamLocked(writable) is false.
-
Let signalArg be signal if signal was given, or undefined otherwise.
-
Return ! ReadableStreamPipeTo(readable, writable, preventClose, preventAbort, preventCancel, signalArg).
If one doesn’t care about the promise returned, referencing this concept can be a bit awkward. The best we can suggest is "pipe readable to writable".
ReadableStream
readable piped through a TransformStream
transform, given
an optional boolean preventClose (default false), an optional boolean preventAbort (default false), an optional boolean preventCancel (default false), and an
optional AbortSignal
signal, is given by performing the following steps. The result will be
the readable side of transform.
-
Assert: ! IsReadableStreamLocked(readable) is false.
-
Assert: ! IsWritableStreamLocked(transform.[[writable]]) is false.
-
Let signalArg be signal if signal was given, or undefined otherwise.
-
Let promise be ! ReadableStreamPipeTo(readable, transform.[[writable]], preventClose, preventAbort, preventCancel, signalArg).
-
Set promise.[[PromiseIsHandled]] to true.
-
Return transform.[[readable]].
ReadableStream
stream, perform the following steps. The result will be a new ReadableStream
object which pulls its data from stream, while stream itself becomes
immediately locked and disturbed.
-
Let identityTransform be the result of creating an identity
TransformStream
. -
Return the result of stream piped through identityTransform.
10. Examples of creating streams
This section, and all its subsections, are non-normative.
The previous examples throughout the standard have focused on how to use streams. Here we show how
to create a stream, using the ReadableStream
, WritableStream
, and TransformStream
constructors.
10.1. A readable stream with an underlying push source (no backpressure support)
The following function creates readable streams that wrap WebSocket
instances [WEBSOCKETS],
which are push sources that do not support backpressure signals. It illustrates how, when
adapting a push source, usually most of the work happens in the start()
method.
function makeReadableWebSocketStream( url, protocols) { const ws= new WebSocket( url, protocols); ws. binaryType= "arraybuffer" ; return new ReadableStream({ start( controller) { ws. onmessage= event=> controller. enqueue( event. data); ws. onclose= () => controller. close(); ws. onerror= () => controller. error( new Error ( "The WebSocket errored!" )); }, cancel() { ws. close(); } }); }
We can then use this function to create readable streams for a web socket, and pipe that stream to an arbitrary writable stream:
const webSocketStream= makeReadableWebSocketStream( "wss://example.com:443/" , "protocol" ); webSocketStream. pipeTo( writableStream) . then(() => console. log( "All data successfully written!" )) . catch ( e=> console. error( "Something went wrong!" , e));
However, often when people talk about "adding streams support to web sockets", they are hoping
instead for a new capability to send an individual web socket message in a streaming fashion, so
that e.g. a file could be transferred in a single message without holding all of its contents in
memory on the client side. To accomplish this goal, we’d instead want to allow individual web
socket messages to themselves be ReadableStream
instances. That isn’t what we show in the
above example.
For more background, see this discussion.
10.2. A readable stream with an underlying push source and backpressure support
The following function returns readable streams that wrap "backpressure sockets," which are
hypothetical objects that have the same API as web sockets, but also provide the ability to pause
and resume the flow of data with their readStop
and readStart
methods. In
doing so, this example shows how to apply backpressure to underlying sources that support
it.
function makeReadableBackpressureSocketStream( host, port) { const socket= createBackpressureSocket( host, port); return new ReadableStream({ start( controller) { socket. ondata= event=> { controller. enqueue( event. data); if ( controller. desiredSize<= 0 ) { // The internal queue is full, so propagate // the backpressure signal to the underlying source. socket. readStop(); } }; socket. onend= () => controller. close(); socket. onerror= () => controller. error( new Error ( "The socket errored!" )); }, pull() { // This is called if the internal queue has been emptied, but the // stream's consumer still wants more data. In that case, restart // the flow of data if we have previously paused it. socket. readStart(); }, cancel() { socket. close(); } }); }
We can then use this function to create readable streams for such "backpressure sockets" in the same way we do for web sockets. This time, however, when we pipe to a destination that cannot accept data as fast as the socket is producing it, or if we leave the stream alone without reading from it for some time, a backpressure signal will be sent to the socket.
10.3. A readable byte stream with an underlying push source (no backpressure support)
The following function returns readable byte streams that wraps a hypothetical UDP socket API,
including a promise-returning select2()
method that is meant to be evocative of the
POSIX select(2) system call.
Since the UDP protocol does not have any built-in backpressure support, the backpressure signal
given by desiredSize
is ignored, and the stream ensures that when
data is available from the socket but not yet requested by the developer, it is enqueued in the
stream’s internal queue, to avoid overflow of the kernel-space queue and a consequent loss of
data.
This has some interesting consequences for how consumers interact with the stream. If the consumer does not read data as fast as the socket produces it, the chunks will remain in the stream’s internal queue indefinitely. In this case, using a BYOB reader will cause an extra copy, to move the data from the stream’s internal queue to the developer-supplied buffer. However, if the consumer consumes the data quickly enough, a BYOB reader will allow zero-copy reading directly into developer-supplied buffers.
(You can imagine a more complex version of this example which uses desiredSize
to inform an out-of-band backpressure signaling
mechanism, for example by sending a message down the socket to adjust the rate of data being sent.
That is left as an exercise for the reader.)
const DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE= 65536 ; function makeUDPSocketStream( host, port) { const socket= createUDPSocket( host, port); return new ReadableStream({ type: "bytes" , start( controller) { readRepeatedly(). catch ( e=> controller. error( e)); function readRepeatedly() { return socket. select2(). then(() => { // Since the socket can become readable even when there’s // no pending BYOB requests, we need to handle both cases. let bytesRead; if ( controller. byobRequest) { const v= controller. byobRequest. view; bytesRead= socket. readInto( v. buffer, v. byteOffset, v. byteLength); if ( bytesRead=== 0 ) { controller. close(); } controller. byobRequest. respond( bytesRead); } else { const buffer= new ArrayBuffer( DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE); bytesRead= socket. readInto( buffer, 0 , DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE); if ( bytesRead=== 0 ) { controller. close(); } else { controller. enqueue( new Uint8Array( buffer, 0 , bytesRead)); } } if ( bytesRead=== 0 ) { return ; } return readRepeatedly(); }); } }, cancel() { socket. close(); } }); }
ReadableStream
instances returned from this function can now vend BYOB readers, with all of
the aforementioned benefits and caveats.
10.4. A readable stream with an underlying pull source
The following function returns readable streams that wrap portions of the Node.js file system API (which themselves map fairly
directly to C’s fopen
, fread
, and fclose
trio). Files are a
typical example of pull sources. Note how in contrast to the examples with push sources, most
of the work here happens on-demand in the pull()
function, and not at
startup time in the start()
function.
const fs= require( "fs" ). promises; const CHUNK_SIZE= 1024 ; function makeReadableFileStream( filename) { let fileHandle; let position= 0 ; return new ReadableStream({ async start() { fileHandle= await fs. open( filename, "r" ); }, async pull( controller) { const buffer= new Uint8Array( CHUNK_SIZE); const { bytesRead} = await fileHandle. read( buffer, 0 , CHUNK_SIZE, position); if ( bytesRead=== 0 ) { await fileHandle. close(); controller. close(); } else { position+= bytesRead; controller. enqueue( buffer. subarray( 0 , bytesRead)); } }, cancel() { return fileHandle. close(); } }); }
We can then create and use readable streams for files just as we could before for sockets.
10.5. A readable byte stream with an underlying pull source
The following function returns readable byte streams that allow efficient zero-copy reading of files, again using the Node.js file system API. Instead of using a predetermined chunk size of 1024, it attempts to fill the developer-supplied buffer, allowing full control.
const fs= require( "fs" ). promises; const DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE= 1024 ; function makeReadableByteFileStream( filename) { let fileHandle; let position= 0 ; return new ReadableStream({ type: "bytes" , async start() { fileHandle= await fs. open( filename, "r" ); }, async pull( controller) { // Even when the consumer is using the default reader, the auto-allocation // feature allocates a buffer and passes it to us via byobRequest. const v= controller. byobRequest. view; const { bytesRead} = await fileHandle. read( v, 0 , v. byteLength, position); if ( bytesRead=== 0 ) { await fileHandle. close(); controller. close(); controller. byobRequest. respond( 0 ); } else { position+= bytesRead; controller. byobRequest. respond( bytesRead); } }, cancel() { return fileHandle. close(); }, autoAllocateChunkSize: DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE}); }
With this in hand, we can create and use BYOB readers for the returned ReadableStream
. But
we can also create default readers, using them in the same simple and generic manner as usual.
The adaptation between the low-level byte tracking of the underlying byte source shown here,
and the higher-level chunk-based consumption of a default reader, is all taken care of
automatically by the streams implementation. The auto-allocation feature, via the autoAllocateChunkSize
option, even allows us to write less code, compared to
the manual branching in § 10.3 A readable byte stream with an underlying push source (no backpressure
support).
10.6. A writable stream with no backpressure or success signals
The following function returns a writable stream that wraps a WebSocket
[WEBSOCKETS]. Web
sockets do not provide any way to tell when a given chunk of data has been successfully sent
(without awkward polling of bufferedAmount
, which we leave as an exercise to the
reader). As such, this writable stream has no ability to communicate accurate backpressure signals or write success/failure to its producers. That is, the promises returned by its writer's write()
method and ready
getter will always fulfill immediately.
function makeWritableWebSocketStream( url, protocols) { const ws= new WebSocket( url, protocols); return new WritableStream({ start( controller) { ws. onerror= () => { controller. error( new Error ( "The WebSocket errored!" )); ws. onclose= null ; }; ws. onclose= () => controller. error( new Error ( "The server closed the connection unexpectedly!" )); return new Promise( resolve=> ws. onopen= resolve); }, write( chunk) { ws. send( chunk); // Return immediately, since the web socket gives us no easy way to tell // when the write completes. }, close() { return closeWS( 1000 ); }, abort( reason) { return closeWS( 4000 , reason&& reason. message); }, }); function closeWS( code, reasonString) { return new Promise(( resolve, reject) => { ws. onclose= e=> { if ( e. wasClean) { resolve(); } else { reject( new Error ( "The connection was not closed cleanly" )); } }; ws. close( code, reasonString); }); } }
We can then use this function to create writable streams for a web socket, and pipe an arbitrary readable stream to it:
const webSocketStream= makeWritableWebSocketStream( "wss://example.com:443/" , "protocol" ); readableStream. pipeTo( webSocketStream) . then(() => console. log( "All data successfully written!" )) . catch ( e=> console. error( "Something went wrong!" , e));
See the earlier note about this style of wrapping web sockets into streams.
10.7. A writable stream with backpressure and success signals
The following function returns writable streams that wrap portions of the Node.js file system API (which themselves map fairly
directly to C’s fopen
, fwrite
, and fclose
trio). Since the
API we are wrapping provides a way to tell when a given write succeeds, this stream will be able to
communicate backpressure signals as well as whether an individual write succeeded or failed.
const fs= require( "fs" ). promises; function makeWritableFileStream( filename) { let fileHandle; return new WritableStream({ async start() { fileHandle= await fs. open( filename, "w" ); }, write( chunk) { return fileHandle. write( chunk, 0 , chunk. length); }, close() { return fileHandle. close(); }, abort() { return fileHandle. close(); } }); }
We can then use this function to create a writable stream for a file, and write individual chunks of data to it:
const fileStream= makeWritableFileStream( "/example/path/on/fs.txt" ); const writer= fileStream. getWriter(); writer. write( "To stream, or not to stream\n" ); writer. write( "That is the question\n" ); writer. close() . then(() => console. log( "chunks written and stream closed successfully!" )) . catch ( e=> console. error( e));
Note that if a particular call to fileHandle.write
takes a longer time, the returned
promise will fulfill later. In the meantime, additional writes can be queued up, which are stored
in the stream’s internal queue. The accumulation of chunks in this queue can change the stream to
return a pending promise from the ready
getter, which is a signal
to producers that they would benefit from backing off and stopping writing, if possible.
The way in which the writable stream queues up writes is especially important in this case, since
as stated in the
documentation for fileHandle.write
, "it is unsafe to use filehandle.write
multiple times on the same file without waiting for the promise." But
we don’t have to worry about that when writing the makeWritableFileStream
function,
since the stream implementation guarantees that the underlying sink's write()
method will not be called until any promises returned by previous
calls have fulfilled!
10.8. A { readable, writable } stream pair wrapping the same underlying resource
The following function returns an object of the form { readable, writable }
, with the readable
property containing a readable stream and the writable
property
containing a writable stream, where both streams wrap the same underlying web socket resource. In
essence, this combines § 10.1 A readable stream with an underlying push source (no
backpressure support) and § 10.6 A writable stream with no backpressure or success signals.
While doing so, it illustrates how you can use JavaScript classes to create reusable underlying sink and underlying source abstractions.
function streamifyWebSocket( url, protocol) { const ws= new WebSocket( url, protocols); ws. binaryType= "arraybuffer" ; return { readable: new ReadableStream( new WebSocketSource( ws)), writable: new WritableStream( new WebSocketSink( ws)) }; } class WebSocketSource{ constructor ( ws) { this . _ws= ws; } start( controller) { this . _ws. onmessage= event=> controller. enqueue( event. data); this . _ws. onclose= () => controller. close(); this . _ws. addEventListener( "error" , () => { controller. error( new Error ( "The WebSocket errored!" )); }); } cancel() { this . _ws. close(); } } class WebSocketSink{ constructor ( ws) { this . _ws= ws; } start( controller) { this . _ws. onclose= () => controller. error( new Error ( "The server closed the connection unexpectedly!" )); this . _ws. addEventListener( "error" , () => { controller. error( new Error ( "The WebSocket errored!" )); this . _ws. onclose= null ; }); return new Promise( resolve=> this . _ws. onopen= resolve); } write( chunk) { this . _ws. send( chunk); } close() { return this . _closeWS( 1000 ); } abort( reason) { return this . _closeWS( 4000 , reason&& reason. message); } _closeWS( code, reasonString) { return new Promise(( resolve, reject) => { this . _ws. onclose= e=> { if ( e. wasClean) { resolve(); } else { reject( new Error ( "The connection was not closed cleanly" )); } }; this . _ws. close( code, reasonString); }); } }
We can then use the objects created by this function to communicate with a remote web socket, using the standard stream APIs:
const streamyWS= streamifyWebSocket( "wss://example.com:443/" , "protocol" ); const writer= streamyWS. writable. getWriter(); const reader= streamyWS. readable. getReader(); writer. write( "Hello" ); writer. write( "web socket!" ); reader. read(). then(({ value, done}) => { console. log( "The web socket says: " , value); });
Note how in this setup canceling the readable
side will implicitly close the writable
side, and similarly, closing or aborting the writable
side will
implicitly close the readable
side.
See the earlier note about this style of wrapping web sockets into streams.
10.9. A transform stream that replaces template tags
It’s often useful to substitute tags with variables on a stream of data, where the parts that need
to be replaced are small compared to the overall data size. This example presents a simple way to
do that. It maps strings to strings, transforming a template like "Time: {{time}} Message:
{{message}}"
to "Time: 15:36 Message: hello"
assuming that { time:
"15:36", message: "hello" }
was passed in the substitutions
parameter to LipFuzzTransformer
.
This example also demonstrates one way to deal with a situation where a chunk contains partial data
that cannot be transformed until more data is received. In this case, a partial template tag will
be accumulated in the partialChunk
property until either the end of the tag is found or
the end of the stream is reached.
class LipFuzzTransformer{ constructor ( substitutions) { this . substitutions= substitutions; this . partialChunk= "" ; this . lastIndex= undefined ; } transform( chunk, controller) { chunk= this . partialChunk+ chunk; this . partialChunk= "" ; // lastIndex is the index of the first character after the last substitution. this . lastIndex= 0 ; chunk= chunk. replace( /\{\{([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\}\}/g , this . replaceTag. bind( this )); // Regular expression for an incomplete template at the end of a string. const partialAtEndRegexp= /\{(\{([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+(\})?)?)?$/g ; // Avoid looking at any characters that have already been substituted. partialAtEndRegexp. lastIndex= this . lastIndex; this . lastIndex= undefined ; const match= partialAtEndRegexp. exec( chunk); if ( match) { this . partialChunk= chunk. substring( match. index); chunk= chunk. substring( 0 , match. index); } controller. enqueue( chunk); } flush( controller) { if ( this . partialChunk. length> 0 ) { controller. enqueue( this . partialChunk); } } replaceTag( match, p1, offset) { let replacement= this . substitutions[ p1]; if ( replacement=== undefined ) { replacement= "" ; } this . lastIndex= offset+ replacement. length; return replacement; } }
In this case we define the transformer to be passed to the TransformStream
constructor as a
class. This is useful when there is instance data to track.
The class would be used in code like:
const data= { userName, displayName, icon, date}; const ts= new TransformStream( new LipFuzzTransformer( data)); fetchEvent. respondWith( fetch( fetchEvent. request. url). then( response=> { const transformedBody= response. body// Decode the binary-encoded response to string . pipeThrough( new TextDecoderStream()) // Apply the LipFuzzTransformer . pipeThrough( ts) // Encode the transformed string . pipeThrough( new TextEncoderStream()); return new Response( transformedBody); }) );
For simplicity, LipFuzzTransformer
performs unescaped text
substitutions. In real applications, a template system that performs context-aware escaping is good
practice for security and robustness.
10.10. A transform stream created from a sync mapper function
The following function allows creating new TransformStream
instances from synchronous "mapper"
functions, of the type you would normally pass to Array.prototype.map
. It
demonstrates that the API is concise even for trivial transforms.
function mapperTransformStream( mapperFunction) { return new TransformStream({ transform( chunk, controller) { controller. enqueue( mapperFunction( chunk)); } }); }
This function can then be used to create a TransformStream
that uppercases all its inputs:
const ts= mapperTransformStream( chunk=> chunk. toUpperCase()); const writer= ts. writable. getWriter(); const reader= ts. readable. getReader(); writer. write( "No need to shout" ); // Logs "NO NEED TO SHOUT": reader. read(). then(({ value}) => console. log( value));
Although a synchronous transform never causes backpressure itself, it will only transform chunks as long as there is no backpressure, so resources will not be wasted.
Exceptions error the stream in a natural way:
const ts= mapperTransformStream( chunk=> JSON. parse( chunk)); const writer= ts. writable. getWriter(); const reader= ts. readable. getReader(); writer. write( "[1, " ); // Logs a SyntaxError, twice: reader. read(). catch ( e=> console. error( e)); writer. write( "{}" ). catch ( e=> console. error( e));
10.11. Using an identity transform stream as a primitive to create new readable streams
Combining an identity transform stream with pipeTo()
is a powerful way to manipulate
streams. This section contains a couple of examples of this general technique.
It’s sometimes natural to treat a promise for a readable stream as if it were a readable stream. A simple adapter function is all that’s needed:
function promiseToReadable( promiseForReadable) { const ts= new TransformStream(); promiseForReadable. then( readable=> readable. pipeTo( ts. writable)) . catch ( reason=> ts. writable. abort( reason)) . catch (() => {}); return ts. readable; }
Here, we pipe the data to the writable side and return the readable side. If the pipe
errors, we abort the writable side, which automatically propagates the
error to the returned readable side. If the writable side had already been errored by pipeTo()
, then the abort()
call will return a rejection, which
we can safely ignore.
A more complex extension of this is concatenating multiple readable streams into one:
function concatenateReadables( readables) { const ts= new TransformStream(); let promise= Promise. resolve(); for ( const readableof readables) { promise= promise. then( () => readable. pipeTo( ts. writable, { preventClose: true }), reason=> { return Promise. all([ ts. writable. abort( reason), readable. cancel( reason) ]); } ); } promise. then(() => ts. writable. close(), reason=> ts. writable. abort( reason)) . catch (() => {}); return ts. readable; }
The error handling here is subtle because canceling the concatenated stream has to cancel all the
input streams. However, the success case is simple enough. We just pipe each stream in the readables
iterable one at a time to the identity transform stream's writable
side, and then close it when we are done. The readable side is then a concatenation of all the
chunks from all of of the streams. We return it from the function. Backpressure is applied as usual.
Acknowledgments
The editors would like to thank Anne van Kesteren, AnthumChris, Arthur Langereis, Ben Kelly, Bert Belder, Brian di Palma, Calvin Metcalf, Dominic Tarr, Ed Hager, Eric Skoglund, Forbes Lindesay, Forrest Norvell, Gary Blackwood, Gorgi Kosev, Gus Caplan, 贺师俊 (hax), Isaac Schlueter, isonmad, Jake Archibald, Jake Verbaten, James Pryor, Janessa Det, Jason Orendorff, Jeffrey Yasskin, Jeremy Roman, Jens Nockert, Lennart Grahl, Luca Casonato, Mangala Sadhu Sangeet Singh Khalsa, Marcos Caceres, Marvin Hagemeister, Mattias Buelens, Michael Mior, Mihai Potra, Nidhi Jaju, Romain Bellessort, Simon Menke, Stephen Sugden, Surma, Tab Atkins, Tanguy Krotoff, Thorsten Lorenz, Till Schneidereit, Tim Caswell, Trevor Norris, tzik, Will Chan, Youenn Fablet, 平野裕 (Yutaka Hirano), and Xabier Rodríguez for their contributions to this specification. Community involvement in this specification has been above and beyond; we couldn’t have done it without you.
This standard is written by Adam Rice (Google, ricea@chromium.org), Domenic Denicola (Google, d@domenic.me), Mattias Buelens, and 吉野剛史 (Takeshi Yoshino, tyoshino@chromium.org).
Intellectual property rights
Copyright © WHATWG (Apple, Google, Mozilla, Microsoft). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To the extent portions of it are incorporated into source code, such portions in the source code are licensed under the BSD 3-Clause License instead.
This is the Living Standard. Those interested in the patent-review version should view the Living Standard Review Draft.