Strelac A*

Strelac A*
	; Sgr A* iz Teleskop horizonta događaja 2017. slika objavljena 2022.
Položaj na nebu; Epoha J2000 Ravnodnevnica J2000
Sazvežđe	Strelac
Rektascenzija	17h 45m 40.0409s
Deklinacija	−29° 0′ 28.118″
Detalji
Masa	(4,31±0,38)×106M☉; (4,1±0,6)×106M☉; (4,02±0,16)×106 M☉
Astrometrija
Rastojanje	7860±140; 8178 ± 13(stat.) ± 22(sys.) pc
Referentne baze podataka
SIMBAD	data

Strelac A* (čita se „Strelac A zvezdica” ili „Strelac A asterisk” , skraćeno Sgr A*) jeste supermasivna crna rupa,^[6]^[7]^[8] slična onima čije je postojanje u središtima većine, ako ne i svih spiralnih i eliptičnih galaksija opšte prihvaćeno, smeštena u sazvežđu Strelac A, sjajnom i veoma kompaktnom astronomskom radio izvoru u centru Mlečnog puta, blizu granice sazvežđa Strelac i Škorpija oko 5,6° južno od ekliptike.^[9]

Posmatranja većeg broja zvezda koje kruže oko Strelca A*, posebno zvezde S2, korišćene su da pruže dokaze o njegovom prisustvu i za generisanje podataka o hipotetisanoj centralnoj supermasivnoj crnoj rupi Mlečnog puta, i navele su neke naučnike da zaključe da je Strelac A* van svake razumne sumnje mesto te crne rupe.^[10]

Orbitirajuće zvezde

Pretpostavljene orbite od 6 zvezda oko supermasivnog kandidata crne rupe Strelac A* u centru Mlečnog puta^[11]

Pretpostavljene orbite zvezda oko kandidata supermasivne crne rupe Strelac A* u centru Mlečnog puta prema Gillessen et al. 2017,^[12] s izuzetkom S2, koji je iz GRAVITY 2019.^[13] Ovde je id ime zvezde u Gilesenovom katalogu. a, e, i, Ω i ω su standardni orbitalni elementi, sa a merenim u ugaonim sekundama. Tp je epoha prolaska pericentra, P je orbitalni period u godinama, a Kmag je prividna veličina zvezde u K-opsegu. r i v su rastojanje pericentara u AU i brzina pericentra u procentima brzine svetlosti,^[14] i Δ označava standardno odstupanje pridruženih količina.

id	a	Δa	e	Δe	i (°)	Δi	Ω (°)	ΔΩ	ω (°)	Δω	Tp (yr)	ΔTp	P (yr)	ΔP	Kmag	r (AU)	Δr	v (%c)	Δv
S1	0.5950	0.0240	0.5560	0.0180	119.14	0.21	342.04	0.32	122.30	1.40	2001.800	0.150	166.0	5.8	14.70	2160.7	6.7	0.55	0.03
S2	0.1251	0.0001	0.8843	0.0001	133.91	0.05	228.07	0.04	66.25	0.04	2018.379	0.001	16.1	0.0	13.95	118.4	0.2	2.56	0.00
S4	0.3570	0.0037	0.3905	0.0059	80.33	0.08	258.84	0.07	290.80	1.50	1957.400	1.200	77.0	1.0	14.40	1779.7	25.1	0.57	0.01
S6	0.6574	0.0006	0.8400	0.0003	87.24	0.06	85.07	0.12	116.23	0.07	2108.610	0.030	192.0	0.2	15.40	860.3	4.4	0.94	0.00
S8	0.4047	0.0014	0.8031	0.0075	74.37	0.30	315.43	0.19	346.70	0.41	1983.640	0.240	92.9	0.4	14.50	651.7	22.5	1.07	0.01
S9	0.2724	0.0041	0.6440	0.0200	82.41	0.24	156.60	0.10	150.60	1.00	1976.710	0.920	51.3	0.7	15.10	793.2	36.9	0.93	0.02
S12	0.2987	0.0018	0.8883	0.0017	33.56	0.49	230.10	1.80	317.90	1.50	1995.590	0.040	58.9	0.2	15.50	272.9	2.0	1.69	0.01
S13	0.2641	0.0016	0.4250	0.0023	24.70	0.48	74.50	1.70	245.20	2.40	2004.860	0.040	49.0	0.1	15.80	1242.0	2.4	0.69	0.01
S14	0.2863	0.0036	0.9761	0.0037	100.59	0.87	226.38	0.64	334.59	0.87	2000.120	0.060	55.3	0.5	15.70	56.0	3.8	3.83	0.06
S17	0.3559	0.0096	0.3970	0.0110	96.83	0.11	191.62	0.21	326.00	1.90	1991.190	0.410	76.6	1.0	15.30	1755.3	16.4	0.57	0.02
S18	0.2379	0.0015	0.4710	0.0120	110.67	0.18	49.11	0.18	349.46	0.66	1993.860	0.160	41.9	0.2	16.70	1029.3	3.8	0.77	0.01
S19	0.5200	0.0940	0.7500	0.0430	71.96	0.35	344.60	0.62	155.20	2.30	2005.390	0.160	135.0	14.0	16.00	1063.3	4.5	0.83	0.20
S21	0.2190	0.0017	0.7640	0.0140	58.80	1.00	259.64	0.62	166.40	1.10	2027.400	0.170	37.0	0.3	16.90	422.7	3.6	1.32	0.02
S22	1.3100	0.2800	0.4490	0.0880	105.76	0.95	291.70	1.40	95.00	20.00	1996.900	10.200	540.0	63.0	16.60	5903.7	9.7	0.32	0.10
S23	0.2530	0.0120	0.5600	0.1400	48.00	7.10	249.00	13.00	39.00	6.70	2024.700	3.700	45.8	1.6	17.80	910.5	1.6	0.85	0.06
S24	0.9440	0.0480	0.8970	0.0049	103.67	0.42	7.93	0.37	290.00	15.00	2024.500	0.030	331.0	16.0	15.60	795.3	30.8	0.99	0.07
S29	0.4280	0.0190	0.7280	0.0520	105.80	1.70	161.96	0.80	346.50	5.90	2025.960	0.940	101.0	2.0	16.70	952.2	67.4	0.87	0.05
S31	0.4490	0.0100	0.5497	0.0025	109.03	0.27	137.16	0.30	308.00	3.00	2018.070	0.140	108.0	1.2	15.70	1653.7	14.6	0.63	0.02
S33	0.6570	0.0260	0.6080	0.0640	60.50	2.50	100.10	5.50	303.70	1.60	1928.000	12.000	192.0	5.2	16.00	2106.5	179.7	0.56	0.03
S38	0.1416	0.0002	0.8201	0.0007	171.10	2.10	101.06	0.24	17.99	0.25	2003.190	0.010	19.2	0.0	17.00	208.4	1.5	1.91	0.01
S39	0.3700	0.0150	0.9236	0.0021	89.36	0.73	159.03	0.10	23.30	3.80	2000.060	0.060	81.1	1.5	16.80	231.2	3.3	1.86	0.09
S42	0.9500	0.1800	0.5670	0.0830	67.16	0.66	196.14	0.75	35.80	3.20	2008.240	0.750	335.0	58.0	17.50	3364.4	24.8	0.44	0.13
S54	1.2000	0.8700	0.8930	0.0780	62.20	1.40	288.35	0.70	140.80	2.30	2004.460	0.070	477.0	199.0	17.50	1050.2	1.9	0.86	0.78
S55	0.1078	0.0010	0.7209	0.0077	150.10	2.20	325.50	4.00	331.50	3.90	2009.340	0.040	12.8	0.1	17.50	246.1	4.1	1.70	0.02
S60	0.3877	0.0070	0.7179	0.0051	126.87	0.30	170.54	0.85	29.37	0.29	2023.890	0.090	87.1	1.4	16.30	894.5	1.7	0.89	0.02
S66	1.5020	0.0950	0.1280	0.0430	128.50	1.60	92.30	3.20	134.00	17.00	1771.000	38.000	664.0	37.0	14.80	10712.4	620.5	0.21	0.02
S67	1.1260	0.0260	0.2930	0.0570	136.00	1.10	96.50	6.40	213.50	1.60	1705.000	22.000	431.0	10.0	12.10	6511.2	360.6	0.29	0.01
S71	0.9730	0.0400	0.8990	0.0130	74.00	1.30	35.16	0.86	337.80	4.90	1695.000	21.000	346.0	11.0	16.10	803.8	1.4	0.99	0.06
S83	1.4900	0.1900	0.3650	0.0750	127.20	1.40	87.70	1.20	203.60	6.00	2046.800	6.300	656.0	69.0	13.60	7738.6	22.5	0.27	0.05
S85	4.6000	3.3000	0.7800	0.1500	84.78	0.29	107.36	0.43	156.30	6.80	1930.200	9.800	3580.0	2550.0	15.60	8277.1	29.6	0.30	0.33
S87	2.7400	0.1600	0.2240	0.0270	119.54	0.87	106.32	0.99	336.10	7.70	611.000	154.000	1640.0	105.0	13.60	17390.5	2572.9	0.17	0.02
S89	1.0810	0.0550	0.6390	0.0380	87.61	0.16	238.99	0.18	126.40	4.00	1783.000	26.000	406.0	27.0	15.30	3191.8	407.2	0.46	0.04
S91	1.9170	0.0890	0.3030	0.0340	114.49	0.32	105.35	0.74	356.40	1.60	1108.000	69.000	958.0	50.0	12.20	10928.4	74.5	0.22	0.02
S96	1.4990	0.0570	0.1740	0.0220	126.36	0.96	115.66	0.59	233.60	2.40	1646.000	16.000	662.0	29.0	10.00	10127.0	530.0	0.22	0.02
S97	2.3200	0.4600	0.3500	0.1100	113.00	1.30	113.20	1.40	28.00	14.00	2132.000	29.000	1270.0	309.0	10.30	12333.9	305.9	0.21	0.08
S145	1.1200	0.1800	0.5000	0.2500	83.70	1.60	263.92	0.94	185.00	16.00	1808.000	58.000	426.0	71.0	17.50	4580.2	1471.2	0.37	0.10
S175	0.4140	0.0390	0.9867	0.0018	88.53	0.60	326.83	0.78	68.52	0.40	2009.510	0.010	96.2	5.0	17.50	45.0	0.8	4.27	0.47
R34	1.8100	0.1500	0.6410	0.0980	136.00	8.30	330.00	19.00	57.00	8.00	1522.000	52.000	877.0	83.0	14.00	5314.6	856.3	0.36	0.05
R44	3.9000	1.4000	0.2700	0.2700	131.00	5.20	80.50	7.10	217.00	24.00	1963.000	85.000	2730.0	1350.0	14.00	23285.6	901.5	0.15	0.11

Reference

^ Reid and Brunthaler 2004
^ Gillessen et al. 2009
^ Ghez, A. M.; et al. (decembar 2008). „Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits”. Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): 1044—1062. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689.1044G. arXiv:0808.2870 . doi:10.1086/592738.
^ ^а ^б Boehle, A.; Ghez, A. M.; Schödel, R.; Meyer, L.; Yelda, S.; Albers, S.; Martinez, G. D.; Becklin, E. E.; Do, T.; Lu, J. R.; Matthews, K.; Morris, M. R.; Sitarski, B.; Witzel, G (19. 7. 2016). „An Improved Distance and Mass Estimate for Sgr A* from a Multistar Orbit Analysis”. The Astrophysical Journal. 830 (1): 17. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830...17B. arXiv:1607.05726 . doi:10.3847/0004-637X/830/1/17.
^ A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic Center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty „arxiv.org”. arXiv:abs/1904.05721  Проверите вредност параметра |arxiv= (помоћ).
^ „Scientists find proof a black hole is lurking at the centre of our galaxy”. Metro (на језику: енглески). 31. 10. 2018. Приступљено 31. 10. 2018.
^ „A 'mind-boggling' telescope observation has revealed the point of no return for our galaxy's monster black hole”. The Middletown Press. 31. 10. 2018. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 10. 2018. г. Приступљено 31. 10. 2018.
^ Plait, Phil (8. 11. 2018). „Astronomers see material orbiting a black hole *right* at the edge of forever” (на језику: енглески). Syfy Wire. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 11. 2018. г. Приступљено 12. 11. 2018.
^ Calculated using Equatorial and Ecliptic Coordinates calculator
^ Henderson, Mark (9. 12. 2009). „Astronomers confirm black hole at the heart of the Milky Way”. Times Online. Архивирано из оригинала 16. 12. 2008. г. Приступљено 6. 6. 2019.
^ Eisenhauer, F.; et al. (20. 7. 2005). „SINFONI in the Galactic Center: Young Stars and Infrared Flares in the Central Light-Month”. The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (1): 246—259. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..246E. arXiv:astro-ph/0502129 . doi:10.1086/430667.
^ Gillessen, S.; et al. (februar 2017). „An Update on Monitoring Stellar Orbits in the Galactic Center”. The Astrophysical Journal. 837 (1): 30. Bibcode:2017ApJ...837...30G. arXiv:1611.09144 . doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa5c41.
^ . The GRAVITY collaboration. „A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 625: L10. april 2019. Bibcode:2019A&A...625L..10G. arXiv:1904.05721 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935656.
^ Næss, S. (4. 10. 2019). „Galactic center S-star orbital parameters”.

Literatura

Melia, Fulvio (2003). The Black Hole at the Center of our Galaxy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691095059.
Backer, D. C. & Sramek, R. A. (20. 10. 1999). „Proper Motion of the Compact, Nonthermal Radio Source in the Galactic Center, Sagittarius A*”. The Astrophysical Journal. 524 (2): 805—815. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524..805B. arXiv:astro-ph/9906048 . doi:10.1086/307857.
Doeleman, Sheperd; et al. (4. 9. 2008). „Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre”. Nature. 455 (7209): 78—80. Bibcode:2008Natur.455...78D. PMID 18769434. arXiv:0809.2442 . doi:10.1038/nature07245.
Eckart, A.; Schödel, R.; Straubmeier, C. (2005). The Black Hole at the Center of the Milky Way. London: Imperial College Press.
Eisenhauer, F.; et al. (23. 10. 2003). „A Geometric Determination of the Distance to the Galactic Center”. The Astrophysical Journal. 597 (2): L121—L124. Bibcode:2003ApJ...597L.121E. arXiv:astro-ph/0306220 . doi:10.1086/380188.
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (10. 4. 2019). „First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 87 (1): L1. Bibcode:2019ApJ...875L...1E. arXiv:1906.11238 . doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7.
Ghez, A. M.; et al. (12. 3. 2003). „The First Measurement of Spectral Lines in a Short-Period Star Bound to the Galaxy's Central Black Hole: A Paradox of Youth”. The Astrophysical Journal. 586 (2): L127—L131. Bibcode:2003ApJ...586L.127G. arXiv:astro-ph/0302299 . doi:10.1086/374804.
Ghez, A. M.; et al. (decembar 2008). „Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits”. Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): 1044—1062. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689.1044G. arXiv:0808.2870 . doi:10.1086/592738.
Gillessen, Stefan; et al. (23. 2. 2009). „Monitoring stellar orbits around the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center”. The Astrophysical Journal. 692 (2): 1075—1109. Bibcode:2009ApJ...692.1075G. arXiv:0810.4674 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/692/2/1075.
Melia, Fulvio (2007). The Galactic Supermassive Black Hole. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13129-0.
O'Neill, Ian (10. 12. 2008). „Beyond Any Reasonable Doubt: A Supermassive Black Hole Lives in Centre of Our Galaxy”. Universe Today.
Osterbrock, Donald E. & Ferland, Gary J. (2006). Astrophysics of Gaseous Nebulae and Active Galactic Nuclei (2nd изд.). University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-891389-34-4.
Reid, M.J.; Brunthaler, A. (2004). „Sgr A* – Radio-source”. Astrophysical Journal. 616 (2): 872—884. Bibcode:2004ApJ...616..872R. arXiv:astro-ph/0408107 . doi:10.1086/424960.
Reynolds, C. (4. 9. 2008). „Astrophysics: Bringing black holes into focus”. Nature. 455 (7209): 39—40. Bibcode:2008Natur.455...39R. PMID 18769426. doi:10.1038/455039a.
Schödel, R.; et al. (17. 10. 2002). „A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way”. Nature. 419 (6908): 694—696. Bibcode:2002Natur.419..694S. PMID 12384690. arXiv:astro-ph/0210426 . doi:10.1038/nature01121.
Schödel, R.; Merritt, D.; Eckart, A. (jul 2009). „The nuclear star cluster of the Milky Way: Proper motions and mass”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 502 (1): 91—111. Bibcode:2009A&A...502...91S. arXiv:0902.3892 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810922.
Wheeler, J. Craig (2007). Cosmic Catastrophes: Exploding Stars, Black Holes, and Mapping the Universe (2nd изд.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85714-7.

Spoljašnje veze

UCLA Galactic Center Group – latest results Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (26. јун 2017) retrieved 8/12/2009
-author= -
-author= -
ESO video clip of orbiting star (533 KB MPEG Video)
„The Proper Motion of Sgr A* and the Mass of Sgr A*”. arXiv:pdf/astro-ph/0408107  Проверите вредност параметра |arxiv= (помоћ). (PDF)
NRAO article regarding VLBI radio imaging of Sgr A*
Peering into a Black Hole, New York Times video 2015

[1] Reid and Brunthaler 2004

[Gillessen-2] Gillessen et al. 2009

[Ghez08-3] Ghez, A. M.; et al. (decembar 2008). „Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits”. Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): 1044—1062. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689.1044G. arXiv:0808.2870 . doi:10.1086/592738.

[Boehle-4] а ^б Boehle, A.; Ghez, A. M.; Schödel, R.; Meyer, L.; Yelda, S.; Albers, S.; Martinez, G. D.; Becklin, E. E.; Do, T.; Lu, J. R.; Matthews, K.; Morris, M. R.; Sitarski, B.; Witzel, G (19. 7. 2016). „An Improved Distance and Mass Estimate for Sgr A* from a Multistar Orbit Analysis”. The Astrophysical Journal. 830 (1): 17. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830...17B. arXiv:1607.05726 . doi:10.3847/0004-637X/830/1/17.

[5] A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic Center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty „arxiv.org”. arXiv:abs/1904.05721  Проверите вредност параметра |arxiv= (помоћ).

[6] „Scientists find proof a black hole is lurking at the centre of our galaxy”. Metro (на језику: енглески). 31. 10. 2018. Приступљено 31. 10. 2018.

[7] „A 'mind-boggling' telescope observation has revealed the point of no return for our galaxy's monster black hole”. The Middletown Press. 31. 10. 2018. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 10. 2018. г. Приступљено 31. 10. 2018.

[plait-8] Plait, Phil (8. 11. 2018). „Astronomers see material orbiting a black hole *right* at the edge of forever” (на језику: енглески). Syfy Wire. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 11. 2018. г. Приступљено 12. 11. 2018.

[9] Calculated using Equatorial and Ecliptic Coordinates calculator

[Henderson-10] Henderson, Mark (9. 12. 2009). „Astronomers confirm black hole at the heart of the Milky Way”. Times Online. Архивирано из оригинала 16. 12. 2008. г. Приступљено 6. 6. 2019.

[Eisenhauer-11] Eisenhauer, F.; et al. (20. 7. 2005). „SINFONI in the Galactic Center: Young Stars and Infrared Flares in the Central Light-Month”. The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (1): 246—259. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..246E. arXiv:astro-ph/0502129 . doi:10.1086/430667.

[Gillessen2-12] Gillessen, S.; et al. (februar 2017). „An Update on Monitoring Stellar Orbits in the Galactic Center”. The Astrophysical Journal. 837 (1): 30. Bibcode:2017ApJ...837...30G. arXiv:1611.09144 . doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa5c41.

[GRAVITY-13] . The GRAVITY collaboration. „A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 625: L10. april 2019. Bibcode:2019A&A...625L..10G. arXiv:1904.05721 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935656.

[naess-14] Næss, S. (4. 10. 2019). „Galactic center S-star orbital parameters”.

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