Picea abies

Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Picea
Species: Picea abies
Varietates: P. a. var. abies – P. a. var. acuminata

Picea abies (L.) H.Karst., Deut. Fl.: 325 (1881).

• Basionym
  • Pinus abies L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1002 (1753).
    • Provenance: "Habitat in Europae, Asiae borealibus humidiusculis."
    • Lectotype : "Picea" in Camerarius, Pl. Epit.: 47 (1586) (designated by Farjon & Jarvis in Greuter (ed.), Regnum Veg. 128 : 122 (1993).

• Homotypic
  • Abies picea Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 2 (1768).
  • Pinus pyramidalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 399 (1796).
  • Abies communis Lindl. in J.C.Loudon, Encycl. Pl.: 804 (1829).
  • Pinus abies subsp. vulgaris Voss in K.Putlitz & L.Meyer, Landlexikon 4: 770 (1913).
  • Abies abies (L.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 7: 689 (1924 publ. 1925), nom. inval.

• Karsten, G.H. 1880–1883. Deutsche Flora. Pharmaceutisch-medicinische Botanik. Ein Grundriss der systematischen Botanik zum Selbststudium für Aerzte, Apotheker und Botaniker. 1284 pp., Berlin: J.M.Spaeth. BHL Reference page.  !325

• Franco, J.M.A. do Amaral 1993. Picea. Pp. 39–40 in Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. 2nd edition, xlvi + 581 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK) / New York / Melbourne, ISBN 0-521-41007-X. Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2001. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. 2. ed., 309 pp. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-025-0 Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page. 
• Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types. London: Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, ISBN 978-0-9506207-7-0, p. 744. Online. Reference page. 

• Farjon, A. 2017. Picea abies. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T42318A71233492.en.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Picea abies in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 21. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Picea abies. Published online. Accessed: March 21 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Picea abies. Accessed: 21 March 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. Picea abies. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 21. Reference page. 

For more multimedia, look at Picea abies on Wikimedia Commons.