Carpinus betulus

Familia: Betulaceae
Subfamilia: Coryloideae
Genus: Carpinus
Species: Carpinus betulus

Carpinus betulus L., Sp. Pl. 2: (1753).

• Homotypic
  • Carpinus betulus var. typica Koehne, Deut. Dendrol.: 116 (1893), nom. inval.
  • Carpinus nervata Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyr.: 141 (1867), nom. superfl.
  • Carpinus sepium Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 212 (1779), nom. superfl.
  • Carpinus ulmifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 392 (1796), nom. superfl.
  • Carpinus ulmoides Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 245 (1821), nom. superfl.
• Heterotypic
  • Carpinus betulus f. albovariegata C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 140 (1940).
  • Carpinus betulus f. aureovariegata C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 140 (1940).
  • Carpinus betulus f. columnaris (Beissn.) Späth ex Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubh.-Ben.: 48 (1903).
  • Carpinus betulus f. cucullata H.J.P.Winkl. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 61: 31 (1904).
  • Carpinus betulus f. fastigiata (G.Nicholson) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubh.-Ben.: 48 (1903).
  • Carpinus betulus f. horizontalis Simon-Louis, Preisverw., Herbst 1902–1903 (1902).
  • Carpinus betulus f. incisa Aiton, Hort. Kew., 3: 362 (1789), as "β".
  • Carpinus betulus f. obtusifolia Petz. & G.Kirchn., Arbor. Muscav.: 667 (1864).
  • Carpinus betulus f. pendula (Massé) H.J.P.Winkl. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 61: 31 (1904).
  • Carpinus betulus f. purpurea K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(3): 3 (1873).
  • Carpinus betulus f. pyramidalis Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 140 (1891).
  • Carpinus betulus f. quercifolia (A.DC.) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 140 (1904).
  • Carpinus betulus f. variegata Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 140 (1891).
  • Carpinus betulus subsp. carpinizza (Kil.) O.Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., 1: 96 (1949).
  • Carpinus betulus subsp. serrata (Beck) O.Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 96 (1949).
  • Carpinus betulus var. carpinizza (Kil.) Neilr., Nachtr. Maly Enum.: 76 (1861).
  • Carpinus betulus var. carpinizza f. incisa (Aiton) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubh., 1: 140, fig. 76d (1904).
  • Carpinus betulus var. columnaris Beissn., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1899: 133 (1899).
  • Carpinus betulus var. fastigiata G.Nicholson, Garden, 24: 419 (1883).
  • Carpinus betulus var. incisa Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 362 (1789).
  • Carpinus betulus var. obtusifolia G.Kirchn. in E.A.Petzold & G.Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav.: 667 (1864).
  • Carpinus betulus var. pendula (Massé) G.Kirchn. in E.A.Petzold & G.Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav.: 667 (1864).
  • Carpinus betulus var. provincialis Gay ex Gren. & Godr., Fl. France 3: 121 (1855).
  • Carpinus betulus var. pyramidalis Möhl, Gartenfl., 39: 51 (1890).
  • Carpinus betulus var. quercifolia A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 126 (1864).
  • Carpinus betulus var. serrata Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 266 (1890).
  • Carpinus carpinizza Kil. in N.T.Host, Fl. Austr. 2: 626 (1831).
  • Carpinus caucasica Grossh., Izv. Azerbajdzansk. Fil., 1940(5) : 34 (1940).
  • Carpinus compressus Gilib., Exerc. Phyt. 2: 399 (1792), opus utiq. oppr.
  • Carpinus incisa (Aiton) Borkh. (1803).
  • Carpinus intermedia Wierzb. ex Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 12: 4. t. 633 (1850).
  • Carpinus pendula Massé, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 1853: 271 (1853).
  • Carpinus quercifolia Desf. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (Steudel), ed. 2. 1: 300 (1840).
  • Carpinus quercifolia Colla, Herb. Pedem. 5: 176 (1836), pro syn., nom. inval., nom. superfl.
  • Carpinus vulgaris Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8 : n° 1 (1768).

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 998. Reference page. 

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Carpinus betulus in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Jul 27. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2023. Carpinus betulus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 27 Jul 2023.
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Carpinus betulus. Published online. Accessed: 27 Jul 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Carpinus betulus. Accessed: 27 Jul 2023.
• Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Carpinus betulus in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Jul 27.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Carpinus betulus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

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