Antiziganism
Antiziganism, or Antigypsyism, is fear and hatred of Sinti[1][better source needed] and Romani people.[2] There has been antiziganism in Europe since at least 1300 C.E.[3][better source needed]
Persecution
[change | change source]The Romani people are discriminated against in many countries.[4] Sometimes they were even murdered.[4] Between the 1500s and the 1700s, Romani men could be hanged without a trial in many countries.[3] Muslim Roma face double discrimination, suffering from antiziganism and Islamophobia.[5][better source needed] Smears against the Romani people are widespread, especially in European countries.[4] Unfortunately, the Romani people are blamed, just as the Jewish people,[6] for social problems and wrongdoings of others.[4] As example, dubious sources claimed, that Talat Pasha who belogend to the Turks from Bulgaria, have been the son of a Romani mother and a Pomak father, which is simply not true. He had nothing to do with the Romani people from Bulgaria. This is done to deny his Turkish origins and to blame the Romani people.[source?]
Genocide
[change | change source]In WWII, while the Holocaust was happening, the Romani people were also subject to genocide by Nazi Germany, his allied countries and local collaborators in occupied territories. Historians estimated that 250,000~500,000 Romani people had been killed before Nazi Germany surrendered in May 1945.[7][8]
Related pages
[change | change source]- Bias
- Pogrom
- Racism
- Ustaše
- Adolf Hitler
- Iași pogrom
- Mein Kampf
- Ante Pavelić
- Antisemitism
- Untermensch
- Discrimination
- Ion Antonescu
- Nazi Germany
- Kingdom of Romania
- Odessa massacre (1941)
- Jedwabne pogrom (1941)
- Independent State of Croatia
- Jasenovac concentration camp
References
[change | change source]- ↑ "Sinti and Roma demand equality and participation | D+C - Development + Cooperation".
- ↑ "Antiziganism: What's in a Word? (summary)". Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Roma persecution – Antiziganism – intensifies in Europe". Amnesty International USA. May 2, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3
- Vrabiescu, I.C. (2014). The Subtlety of Racism: From Antiziganism to Romaphobia. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- Rovid, Marton (September 13, 2021). "From tackling antigypsyism to remedying racial injustice". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 45 (9): 1738–1759. doi:10.1080/01419870.2021.1972126. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- Ryder, Andrew (January 3, 2024). "The Roma and the double-movement of Social Europe". Journal of European Integration. 46 (3): 387–404. doi:10.1080/07036337.2023.2298850. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- "Mare Manuschenge. Sinti and Roma: A century between persecution, resistance and self-empowerment". Brandeis University. August 20, 2024. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- "Antigypsyism - European Network Against Racism". European Network Against Racism. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- ↑ "Muslimische Roma: Doppelte Diskriminierung?".
- ↑
- Bernát, Anikó; Juhász, Attila; Krekó, Péter; Molnár, Csaba (2013). "The roots of radicalism and anti-Roma attitudes on the far right" (PDF). Academic.edu. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- Cârstocea, Raul (2014). Anti-semitism in Romania: Historical Legacies, Contemporary Challenges (PDF). Flensburg: European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI). Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- Loveland, Matthew T.; Popescu, Delia (September 4, 2015). "The Gypsy Threat Narrative: Explaining Anti-Roma Attitudes in the European Union". Humanity & Society. 40 (3). doi:10.1177/0160597615601715. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: year (link) - Kende, Anna; Hadarics, Márton; Lášticová, Barbara (2017). "Anti-Roma attitudes as expressions of dominant social norms in Eastern Europe". International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 60: 12–27. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- Fejzula, Sebijan (2019). "The Anti-Roma Europe: Modern ways of disciplining the Roma body in urban spaces (A Europa Anti-Roma: Formas modernas de disciplina do corpo Roma nos espaços urbanos)". Rev. Direito e Práx. Coimbra, Portugal: Universidade de Coimbra. doi:10.1590/2179-8966/2019/43882. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- ↑
- "Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Weiss-Wendt, Anton (2013). The Nazi Genocide of the Roma: Reassessment and Commemoration. Vol. 17 (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. doi:10.2307/j.ctt9qcvtb. JSTOR j.ctt9qcvtb. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Kelso, Michelle (2016). "'And Roma were victims, too.' The Romani genocide and Holocaust education in Romania". Holocaust Education (1 ed.). Routledge. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Huttenbach, Henry R. (1991). "The Romani Pořajmos: The Nazi Genocide of Gypsies in Germany and Eastern Europe". The Gypsies of Eastern Europe (1 ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781315490250. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Baumgartner, Gerhard; Tavcar, Miha (2014). "The Road Towards Genocide - The Process of Exclusion and Persecution of Roma and Sinti in the 1930s and 1940s". S: I.M.O.N. Shoah: Intervention. Methods. Documentation. (1). Wiener Wiesenthal Institut für Holocaust-Studien: 5–18. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- ↑
- Huttenbach, Henry R. (November 20, 2018). "The Romani Pořajmos: The Nazi Genocide of Europe's Gypsies". Nationalities Papers. 19 (3: Special issue - the Gypsies in Eastern Europe). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Waluszko, Monika Weychert (2020). "The Roma Genocide. The Roma Pariahs before, during, and after the Second World War". Narracje o Zagładzie (6). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego: 140–164. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- "Statement by President von der Leyen, Vice-President Jourová and Commissioner Dalli on European Roma Holocaust Memorial Day". European Union (EU). August 1, 2024. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office; The Rt Hon Lord Pickles (August 15, 2024). "80th anniversary of the Genocide of the Roma commemoration event in Newcastle". UK Government. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
- Aretakis, Catharine (September 12, 2024). "Beyond Nazism: the impact of native persecution dynamics on the genocide of the Roma and Sinti". Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Culture and History. doi:10.1080/17504902.2024.2392347. Retrieved December 7, 2024.