Seven years after the declaration of the first epidemic of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, the
country faced a new outbreak—between 14 February and 19 June 2021—near the …

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) published 2 alcohol-based formulations to
be used in healthcare settings and for outbreak-associated infections, but inactivation …

Background Lassa fever (LF), a haemorrhagic illness caused by the Lassa fever virus
(LASV), is endemic in West Africa and causes 5000 fatalities every year. The true …

While Zika virus (ZIKV) circulated for decades (African lineage strains) without report of
outbreaks and severe complications, its emergence in French Polynesia and subsequently …

Zika virus recently re-emerged and caused global outbreaks mainly in Central Africa,
Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands and in Central and South America. Even though there is …

The polarization into M1 and M2 macrophages (MΦ) is essential to understand MΦ function.
Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of IFN-γ (M1), IL-4 (M2) and …

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is responsible for zoonotic severe viral encephalitis
transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Although birds are reservoirs, pigs play a role as …

Background and objective Rhinoviruses (RV) replicate in both upper and lower airway
epithelial cells. We evaluated the possibility of using nasal epithelial cells (NEC) as …

Flaviviruses replicate in a wide variety of species and have a broad cellular tropism. They
are isolated from various body fluids, and Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus …

Zika virus infection during pregnancy poses a serious risk for pregnant women as it can
cause severe birth defects. Even though the virus is mainly transmitted via mosquitos …