Effects of Δp85 expression in the liver on insulin tolerance and pyruvate challenge. (a) DNPI3K and LacZ mice were injected intraperitoneally with insulin, and blood glucose concentration was measured at the indicated times thereafter. Data are expressed as a percentage of the initial glucose concentration and are means ± SEM of values obtained from six mice. (b) DNPI3K and LacZ mice were deprived of food for 16 hours, orally administered with 3-MPA (or not), and, after 30 minutes, injected intraperitoneally with pyruvate. Blood glucose concentration was measured at the indicated times thereafter. Data are means ± SEM of values obtained from four mice. *P < 0.05 versus the corresponding value for LacZ mice.