TABLE 3.
Excretion of C. botulinum BoNT type C/D gene by different species of sick waterbirds during the recovery processa at a wildlife rehabilitation center after a botulism outbreak
| Family | Species |
No. positive/no. total (%)b by recovery time |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common name | Scientific name | Overall (1 to >7 days) | 1 day | 3 days | 5 days | 7 days | >7 daysc | |
| Podicipedidae | Black-necked grebe | Podiceps nigricollis | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | 0/1 | |||
| All species | 1/1 (100) AB | 1/1 (100) AB | 0/1 | |||||
| Anatidae | Mallard | Anas platyrhynchos | 7/11 (63.6) | 7/11 (63.6) | 3/6 (50) | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/8 |
| Gadwall | Anas strepera | 4/9 (44.4) | 3/9 (33.3) | 1/4 (25) | 1/2 | 0/1 | 1/5 (20) | |
| Common pochard | Aythya ferina | 2/3 (66.7) | 1/3 (33.3) | 0/2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | |
| White-headed duck | Oxyura leucocephala | 1/5 (20) | 1/5 (20) | 0/1 | 1/1 | |||
| All species | 14/28 (50) A | 12/28 (43.3) A | 4/13 (30.7) | 2/5 (20) | 0/3 | 1/14 (7.1) | ||
| Rallidae | Eurasian coot | Fulica atra | 8/19 (42.1) | 4/19 (21) | 5/17 (29.4) | 3/11 (27.2) | 0/9 | 1/12 (8.3) |
| Common moorhen | Gallinula chloropus | 1/2 (50) | 1/2 (50) | |||||
| All species | 9/21 (42.8) A | 5/21 (23.8) A | 5/17 (29.4) | 3/11 (27.2) | 0/9 | 1/12 (8.3) | ||
| Laridae | Black-headed gull | Chroicocephalus ridibundus | 1/18 (5.5) | 1/18 (5.5) | 0/9 | 0/7 | 0/8 | 0/4 |
| Lesser black-backed gull | Larus fuscus | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | |||||
| All species | 2/19 (10.5) B | 2/19 (10.5) B | 0/9 | 0/7 | 0/8 | 0/4 | ||
| All families | 26/69 (37.7) | 20/69 (30) | 9/40 (22.5) | 5/23 (21.7) | 0/20 | 2/30 (6.7) | ||
a
Recovery period, 1 to >7 days.
b
Percentages of the presence of C. botulinum were not significantly different between bird families where values share an uppercase letter.
c
One mallard, 1 gull, and 2 coots were sampled 2 times, and another coot was sampled 3 times. The total number of birds sampled was 24.