Diff: https://office.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?diff=310675&diffmode=source (private wiki, sorry, I haven't managed to reproduce this on a public wiki yet)
In this diff, the text that I meant to add was added, but also every space that appears before a colon in a preformatted block was replaced with a random letter.
This seems to be related to the fact that Parsoid transforms spaces before colons in preformatted blocks to non-breaking spaces (<span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace"> </span>), which is visible (and causes a minor display issue in VE) in my sandbox. Those spaces are the ones that got mangled. But I can't reproduce that corruption on my simple sandbox page where I have just one of these DisplaySpace instances.