WO2023089354A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines kraftstoffzusatzes - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines kraftstoffzusatzes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023089354A1 WO2023089354A1 PCT/IB2021/060582 IB2021060582W WO2023089354A1 WO 2023089354 A1 WO2023089354 A1 WO 2023089354A1 IB 2021060582 W IB2021060582 W IB 2021060582W WO 2023089354 A1 WO2023089354 A1 WO 2023089354A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- fixed bed
- mixtures
- fuel additive
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001934 cyclohexanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical group COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010932 ethanolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001745 non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940082615 organic nitrates used in cardiac disease Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G32/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
- C10G32/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by electric or magnetic means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/38—Applying an electric field or inclusion of electrodes in the apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a fuel additive for fossil and biogenic fuels for internal combustion engines, which is highly efficient. It also relates to a fuel additive produced according to the method.
- Otto and diesel technologies are still dominant in internal combustion engine drives.
- various paths are being taken to further approximate the objectives outlined above.
- These include technologies that target further efficiency improvements and efficiency increases or emission reductions with regard to the engine regime and engine management, such as the development of the HCCI or CCS process, which is being pushed by various leading automobile manufacturers. Since this is a hybrid technology based on the diesel and Otto principle, one problem with this development is that it requires specially composed special fuels (designer fuels) that can only be generated with great effort.
- the development work on this engine system has not progressed so far that it can be ready for series production in the short term.
- DE 19918764 A1 describes the use of ethyl acetate in Range of 5-15 vol% to Otto or Diesel fuel secured.
- the listed substances, families of substances classes or mixtures of substances protected by intellectual property rights are due to the lack of being toxic or dangerous to handle or dangerous to the environment, being usable either only for petrol or diesel fuel and in some cases in very high doses (»0.5 vol%) to be used.
- TW 200909672 proposes mixing water-alcohol mixtures and hydrogen peroxide into diesel fuel systems.
- this requires complex technical changes in the vehicle, such as the installation of additional agitators, intermediate tanks and injection systems.
- the products offered on the market also lack the verifiability of their claimed effect. There are no certificates of effectiveness or scientifically proven proof of effectiveness. Based on the detailed information on the effect and composition, which is difficult to access, they are added in individual cases in very high concentrations, which no longer justify the term additives, and in other cases they are questionable when handled with regard to the health risk to the user.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method for producing a fuel additive for fossil and biogenic fuels for internal combustion engines that is technically simple, economical and environmentally friendly and the fuel additive produced according to the method is also suitable for being mixed into the fuel in combustion processes in burner systems To optimize turbines, internal combustion engines and internal combustion engines in such a way that fuel consumption is significantly reduced and environmentally relevant emissions are significantly reduced.
- the method according to the invention should take account of the contemporary requirements for process-integrated environmental protection and should not generate any environmentally relevant waste or residues, with the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art being avoided.
- the method should make it possible to produce an active ingredient mixture that can be used as a highly effective fuel additive or activator in the fuels currently in use and available on the market, significantly reduces fuel consumption and significantly reduces the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas.
- the fuel additive should be characterized by easy handling in practical application, be non-toxic and be safely applicable to all technologies of power and heat generation (gasoline, diesel and heavy oil engines, burner systems, turbines) without technical changes to the Aggregates and energy conversion systems are required.
- the fuel additive produced by the process according to the invention should not be toxic to humans or the environment, excellent miscibility with the fuel or fuels and be harmless in terms of material compatibility with the fuel or fuel-carrying systems.
- the mixture of educts flows through a fixed bed consisting of the aforementioned adsorbents in granulated or granular form.
- the fuel additive according to the invention can be added quickly and easily as an additive in a very small dosage.
- the fuel additive has no health risk potential for the user and can be produced at least partially on the basis of renewable raw materials under environmentally friendly conditions without generating residues or waste.
- a mixture of readily available straight- or branched-chain aliphatic and/or naphthenic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures comprising the structural types of cycloalkanes, alkanes, Alkenes and alkynes in the molar mass range up to 280 g/mol and from oxygenates of the aforementioned basic hydrocarbons of the ester, ether or ketone type diluted by a solvent mixture consisting of one or more aliphatic and/or naphthenic C1 to C8 monoalcohols with a polar solid in contact is brought, which is composed of one or a mixture of several ionic compounds of metals of the first and / or second main group.
- the hydrocarbons and oxygenates are premixed and then constantly fluidized before being brought into contact with the solids system and exposed to a permanently acting electrical DC voltage field whose field vectors are perpendicular to the flowing medium.
- the apparatus arrangement is advantageously designed in such a way that the liquid components are guided through a correspondingly designed flow tube, where they first pass through the electric field and immediately thereafter flow through the fixed bed consisting of the above-mentioned components. Once a state of equilibrium has been reached, the process can be considered complete and the mixture of active ingredients can be removed from the apparatus system for further processing.
- the process can be designed both batchwise and continuously.
- the raw product prepared in this way is then freed from particles and other mechanical impurities in a manner known per se, optionally mixed with solubilizers adapted to the application purpose and can then be used directly.
- Flow conditions in the range Rey 100-3500 are preferably provided.
- the treatment process is carried out in the pressure range 1-8 bar at a temperature of 15-40°C, particularly preferably at 25°C to 30°C.
- the fuel additive produced according to the invention is therefore in particular a highly efficient mixture of active ingredients from the compounds described in more detail below, under the influence of which the combustion processes in burner systems, turbines, internal combustion engines and internal combustion engines can be optimized in such a way that fuel consumption is reduced and environmentally relevant emissions are reduced.
- the fuel additive is highly effective as a motor and fuel activator or as an additive, is comparatively inexpensive to produce, easier to handle, non-toxic and can be used widely in all known internal combustion engines and burner systems for liquid fuels. Demonstrable fuel savings and emission reductions are achievable.
- the raw product prepared in this way is then freed from particles and other mechanical impurities in a manner known per se, optionally mixed with a solubilizer adapted to the application purpose and can then be used directly and stored.
- the liquid components can be brought into contact with the fixed bed at rest or under forced flow, depending on the flow conditions and the process engineering framework conditions at variable pressures in the range from 0.5 to 6 bar and in the temperature range from 10°C to 40°C C (60°C) is feasible.
- the product mixture is separated from solid system components in a manner known per se, the principle of filtration on filter cartridges using siliceous filter aids usually being applied. Particle sizes of ⁇ 0.8 pm are cleaned in order to meet the usual fuel standards with regard to overall contamination. The product cleaned in this way can then be used directly as a fuel additive in an appropriate admixture to the fuel.
- the resulting siliceous filter residues are the sole by-product of the process according to the invention and can be easily disposed of without polluting the environment.
- solubilizing components are added to support the solubility of the mixture of active ingredients in the fuel additive in the fuel matrix.
- this can be hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon mixtures, long-chain alcohols or ester compounds such as triglyceridically bound fatty acids or vegetable oils transesterified with short-chain monoalcohols and processed until they are suitable for use as fuel.
- the mixture of active substances that can be used as an activator should advantageously be added to the fuel in extremely low concentrations in the range from 100 to 1500 vppm, depending on the effective concentration of active substance.
- the invention is described in more detail below in exemplary embodiments with reference to a drawing.
- the attached drawing shows the principle of a plant for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- a reactant mixture of organic oxygenates of the ester, ether, ketone or carboxylic acid type is used; in the exemplary embodiment given, a mixture of methylcyclohexane, isooctane and methyl ethyl ketone is used in particular.
- the reaction arrangement selected in the exemplary embodiments consists of the essential basic components of a buffer and mixing tank 1, a circulating pump 2 for generating a forced circulation and an adsorption column 3 (reactor part) with an upstream DC voltage module 4 together with measuring and control devices and a sieve bottom 5 for a fixed bed solid ionic compounds of metals of the first or second main group.
- the rector part is electrically isolated accordingly.
- the process according to the invention provides for a minimum residence time of 1 h at the contact in the fixed bed, with suitable adsorbents from the class of carbonates, silicates, oxides or anhydrites of elements of the alkali or alkaline earth group, but preferably magnesium silicate and calcium carbonate in calcined and granulated form shape are applied.
- the flow conditions in the fixed bed are Rey 100-3500.
- the treatment process in the fixed bed is carried out in the pressure range of 1-8 bar at a temperature of 15-40°C, preferably at 25-30°C.
- the power and/or fuel additive produced according to the process is suitable as an activator, in particular for use in fossil and biogenic fuels.
- the specific fuel consumption can be reduced by up to 15%.
- an apparatus arrangement is selected according to the drawing, which makes it possible to carry out a premixing of the basic components in a mixing container 1, to bring this mixture into forced circulation by means of a displacement or circulating pump 2 and, in doing so, to guide an adsorption column 3 through a flow tube, which has a DC voltage module 4 with electrodes in the lower part and a perforated bottom 5 with a fixed bed of alkali and alkaline earth metal compounds lying thereon in the part above it.
- the system is designed to be pressure-resistant and thermally insulated.
- the arrangement provides for the inflow of the fixed bed from below.
- a mixture of technical quality methylcyclohexane, isooctane and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) in a molar ratio of 1:1:2 is homogenized in the mixing vessel 1 by a stirrer (not explicitly shown) and heated to 30° C. by circulation through the thermostatted adsorption column 3 .
- EBE ethyl tertiary butyl ether
- the mixture is now circulated over the fixed bed by means of the frequency-controlled circulation pump 2, the circulation rate being chosen such that a differential pressure over the fixed bed of between 1 and 1.5 bar is established.
- the flow to the fixed bed is from below.
- electrodes of the DC voltage module 4 are installed in such a way that the field lines of the DC voltage field run perpendicular to the direction of flow.
- the electrodes are electrically isolated from the wall of the flow tube.
- the distance and area of the electrodes are selected in such a way that the measured current flow reaches a maximum of 7 mA. Taking into account the maximum permissible current, the applied DC voltage is linearly increased to 800 V within 8 hours during the process.
- the voltage is then switched off and the reaction mixture is filtered at 3 bar through a filter cartridge coated with silica gel. Both the fixed bed and the filter cake can be reused for the next batch.
- the filtrate produced in this way is used as a fuel additive or activator in a CHP diesel unit.
- This unit is a direct-injecting 6-cylinder turbo diesel with an intercooler, designed for a standard electrical output of 65 kW at 1500 rpm.
- a synthetic low-viscosity engine oil of the 10W40 viscosity class was used. The measurement was only started after the unit had been run in until the cooling water and exhaust gas temperatures had remained constant.
- the activator is mixed into the diesel fuel in a ratio of 1:20,000 on the suction side of a circulating centrifugal pump at 25° C., with a mixing time of one hour being set.
- the results were evaluated and the specific fuel requirement per kWh of electrical energy was calculated on the basis of the cumulative performance data and consumption measurements.
- the effective fuel consumption is determined by mass balancing and weighing the fuel storage tank at the beginning and end of the test run.
- the evaluation of the exhaust gas composition with regard to the components HC (hydrocarbons), CO, NOx and residual oxygen was carried out by measuring the exhaust gas flow using FID through thermostatic gas sampling and using a commercially available gas analyzer working according to the NDIR method. The exhaust gas data was collected almost continuously. The mean values were used for the evaluation.
- the specific fuel consumption can be adjusted by adding the activator
- the vessel was provided with a drying tube to prevent the ingress of atmospheric moisture.
- the liquid phase is then sucked off by a pump via a socket on the bottom of the vessel, which is initially secured by a drain sieve, drawn through a filter cartridge filled with magnesium silicate and finally pushed back into the vessel through a flow pipe.
- a drain sieve drawn through a filter cartridge filled with magnesium silicate and finally pushed back into the vessel through a flow pipe.
- An electrode system is installed in the finished pipe, which generates a DC voltage field that acts in the pipe.
- the system was treated optionally by varying the applied DC voltage and the treatment times.
- the effect of the applied voltage on the one hand and the treatment time or residence time on the other hand were examined and then evaluated by the motor test described below.
- the sample required for the application was taken from the pressure side of the pump behind the filter and then added directly to the test fuel as an activator at a concentration of 250 ppm.
- a commercially available, sulfur-free SUPER quality petrol from a common market supplier with a specified RON 95 is used as the fuel matrix.
- test no Treatment time Voltage Mixing conc.
- test fuels produced in this way were subjected to comparison tests on a test bench engine. It was mixed into the fuel by pre-mixing the activator in one liter of fuel and then mixing it into the total amount of fuel using a static mixer.
- the 4-cylinder gasoline engine with direct injection was operated at a medium-load operating point under otherwise constant conditions (speed, oil temperature, cylinder pressure initiation, EGR rate, torque, lambda ratio).
- a flushing cycle with non-activated fuel was carried out between each individual measurement. The respective measurement was then started 10 minutes after switching to the new fuel sample.
- the fuel consumption is calculated from the data from a telematics system installed on the test stand.
- Test 0 designates the reference run without the addition of an activator.
- the gravimetrically determined fuel consumption was set to 100%, and the consumption data from the other tests were based on this.
- test 0, reference The mean measurement results of the individual tests in comparison to the non-activated fuel (test 0, reference) can be found in the table above.
- a pressure-resistant small-scale system designed for continuous operation is operated in such a way that a liquid mixture is permanently fed through a flow tube by means of a circulating pump that works according to the displacement principle.
- a support base containing a mixture of magnesium silicate and sodium carbonate in a molar ratio of 2:1.
- the previously calcined material was processed into 1 ⁇ 3 mm extruded parts at 15 bar.
- the liquid mixture is drawn from a holding tank and fed overhead into the upright flow tube.
- an electrode system that can be set under direct current.
- the working voltage is selected in such a way that the measured current flow does not exceed 5 mA.
- An alternately working double filter unit is installed at the outlet of the flow column, which filters the flowing medium down to a particle size of 1 ⁇ m.
- the resulting equilibrium pressure should not exceed 8 bar. After reaching this limit pressure, the system automatically switches to the redundant filter system via a bypass, which enables the filter of the used cartridge to be changed.
- the circulated liquid was pre-mixed in the pressureless storage tank, with the individual components being fed in via separate lines equipped with flow meters.
- the components are fed according to the specified mixing ratios in such a way that the filling level of the storage vessel is kept constant. In this way, the decrease in volume can be compensated for by continuous removal via a discharge valve downstream of the filter, and continuous operation of the system can be maintained.
- the stationary total volume of the mixture ensures that the system is always filled with liquid on the pressure side and that the circulating pump runs dry at all times.
- the continuous removal of the mixture is adapted to the required average residence time of the material system in the apparatus. According to the analytical findings the average residence time for this apparatus configuration is at least 15
- the liquid system consists of SME (soya oil methyl ester) and a mixture of bioethanol, isobutanol and 2-ethylhexanol in a molar ratio of 2:1:1 of the alcohols to one another and a molar ratio of SME:alcohol of 1:16, with an average molar mass of 290 g for SME /mol is highlighted.
- SME synya oil methyl ester
- bioethanol isobutanol
- 2-ethylhexanol in a molar ratio of 2:1:1 of the alcohols to one another and a molar ratio of SME:alcohol of 1:16, with an average molar mass of 290 g for SME /mol is highlighted.
- SME heavy oil mixture
- HFO heavy oil mixture
- the activator was continuously mixed into the fuel supplied to the burner system by means of a fine dosing pump using a static mixer under pressure.
- the dosing rate of the proportioning pump was linked to the feed pump of the base fuel and adjusted to a proportioning ratio (v/v) of 20000:1 (fuel/activator).
- the testing of the activator with regard to fuel savings was carried out as a randomized double-blind study on three different heavy oil burner systems (rotary kilns for drying and calcination) over a test period of several weeks and statistically evaluated.
- the control parameters of the systems are the entry and exit moisture of the drying material.
- the evaluation and calculation of the results included the mass balance determination of the total throughput (raw ore), the calculated amount of water (mass loss through evaporation/drying) and the gravimetrically determined fuel consumption.
- the table below shows the summary of the results, whereby the determined efficiency results from the fuel saving rate and the change (increase) in the system throughput based on the water balance (degree of drying).
- the operating hours for the individual tests are noted in the "Run" column (measuring campaign). For the measurement campaigns without an activator, the efficiencies determined were set to 100% in the standard. Run Fuel Furnace no. I system consumption
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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PCT/IB2021/060582 WO2023089354A1 (de) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kraftstoffzusatzes |
EP21815271.8A EP4433556A1 (de) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kraftstoffzusatzes |
CA3237233A CA3237233A1 (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Method for producing of a fuel additive |
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PCT/IB2021/060582 WO2023089354A1 (de) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kraftstoffzusatzes |
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DE102009035503A1 (de) | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-10 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Verwendung von Polyoxymethylendi(alkylpolyglykol)ethern als Zusatz zu Dieselkraftstoffen zur Verminderung der Rußemission in Selbstzündungsmotoren |
DE102010039039A1 (de) | 2009-08-24 | 2011-03-03 | Basf Se | Verwendung von organischen Verbindungen als Kraftstoffzusatz zur Verringerung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs von Dieselmotoren |
US20150273429A1 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-01 | Luis Gomez | System and Method for Creating and Maintaining Liquid Bunker and Reducing Sulfur Contaminants |
WO2017121497A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-20 | Ecomanda Ag | Fuel additive |
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CA3237233A1 (en) | 2023-05-25 |
EP4433556A1 (de) | 2024-09-25 |
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