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WO2021232418A1 - 充电控制方法、储能模块及用电设备 - Google Patents

充电控制方法、储能模块及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021232418A1
WO2021232418A1 PCT/CN2020/091855 CN2020091855W WO2021232418A1 WO 2021232418 A1 WO2021232418 A1 WO 2021232418A1 CN 2020091855 W CN2020091855 W CN 2020091855W WO 2021232418 A1 WO2021232418 A1 WO 2021232418A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
charging
unit
dcdc
storage unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/091855
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
庹鸿
余华
赖娇龙
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to EP20924967.1A priority Critical patent/EP3940919A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/091855 priority patent/WO2021232418A1/zh
Priority to CN202080004854.0A priority patent/CN114026766A/zh
Publication of WO2021232418A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021232418A1/zh
Priority to US17/990,952 priority patent/US20230080754A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of energy technology, and in particular to a charging control method, an energy storage module, and electrical equipment.
  • the energy storage applications of batteries in communication power backup systems, electric vehicles, data centers, and wind power, solar power, energy storage power stations and other systems are becoming more and more extensive.
  • the combined use of circuits has gradually become a trend.
  • the DCDC circuit has a simple structure.
  • the combination of the DCDC circuit and the battery can realize automatic isolation of faulty battery modules, parallel connection of power between different batteries, and so on.
  • the DCDC circuit and the battery can be combined and used as a battery module in the applied system or device.
  • the scenarios where the DCDC circuit and the battery are used in combination may include, for example, a DC backup power scenario, a wind power generation scenario, a solar power scenario, a dynamic load scenario, and the like.
  • the input busbar voltage of the battery module may become unstable, and the battery module may be charged and discharged. The problem of repeated switching.
  • the input source power can be redundantly configured. Through the redundant configuration of the input source power, the maximum input power of the input source is greater than the sum of the battery charging power and the load power, and a certain margin is reserved. So as to ensure the stability of the input busbar voltage.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a charging control method, an energy storage module, and an electrical device, which are used to solve the problems of high hardware cost and poor environmental adaptability in order to maintain a stable battery input busbar voltage in the prior art.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a charging control method, which is applied to an energy storage module of an electric device.
  • the energy storage module includes a DCDC unit and an energy storage unit.
  • the electric device also includes an input source and a load. The source is respectively connected with the energy storage module and the load, and supplies power to the energy storage module and the load respectively.
  • the charging control process of the energy storage module includes:
  • the charging parameter wherein the sum of the charging power reflected by the charging parameter and the charging power of the load is equal to the maximum output power of the input source.
  • the energy storage module can determine the change trend of the actual voltage of the input port based on the sampled voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit acquired in each cycle and the above-mentioned preset constant voltage, and use the change trend to You can dynamically determine the need to increase or decrease the charging parameters, and then determine the charging parameters of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit in this cycle, and then use the charging power reflected by the charging parameters to charge the energy storage unit, that is, dynamically adjust the energy storage unit Charging power.
  • the charging power can be made equal to the difference between the maximum output power of the input source and the load power, so that the input source can always maintain the maximum output power, and at the same time, through control
  • the charging power is equal to the difference between the maximum output power of the input source and the load power, which can realize the stability of the input voltage of the energy storage module and avoid the phenomenon of repeated charging and discharging of the energy storage module.
  • the self-management method of the energy storage module based on the sampling voltage of the input port realizes the stability of the input voltage without relying on other modules or adding new hardware configurations. Therefore, the increase and reduction of hardware costs can also be avoided.
  • the energy storage module dynamically adjusts the amount of charge to the energy storage unit in a self-management manner, so the real-time performance is high, thereby ensuring the balance between the maximum utilization of input power and the rapid change of load or input source power.
  • the energy storage module when the energy storage module charges the energy storage unit with the charging power reflected by the charging parameters, it may be based on at least one of the following, so that the input voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit is equal to The difference of the preset constant pressure is maintained within a preset range:
  • the internal resistance of the input source the line impedance between the input port of the DCDC unit and the input source, and the active limitation of the energy storage module charging power of the DCDC unit.
  • the charging parameters of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit according to the sampling voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit and the preset constant voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit.
  • the voltage difference between the sampling voltage and the preset constant voltage may be determined first, and the charging parameter of the energy storage unit by the DCDC unit may be determined according to the voltage difference.
  • the sampled voltage represents the actual voltage of the DCDC unit in the current cycle
  • the preset constant voltage represents the lower limit of the input voltage of the DCDC unit when the input source is weak. Therefore, based on both The DCDC unit can determine the change trend of the input voltage of the DCDC unit, and can use the change trend to dynamically adjust the amount of charge to the energy storage unit, thereby maintaining the stability of the input voltage of the DCDC unit.
  • the The charging parameter is greater than the charging parameter of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit in the previous cycle.
  • the DCDC unit can increase the charging parameters of the energy storage unit compared to the previous cycle. In turn, the charging power to the energy storage unit can be increased.
  • the input source can work in the maximum current or maximum power output state, that is, the input is output according to the maximum power, and at the same time, the input voltage of the energy storage module is stabilized near the preset constant voltage value, that is, The input voltage remains stable.
  • the The charging parameter is greater than the charging parameter of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit in the previous cycle.
  • the DCDC unit can reduce the charging parameters of the energy storage unit compared to the previous cycle, and then Achieve reduction in the amount of charge to the energy storage unit. By reducing the amount of charge to the energy storage unit, the input voltage remains stable, while still ensuring that the input source is output at the maximum power.
  • the charging parameter when the charging parameter is the charging current, when the charging parameter of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit is determined according to the voltage difference, the voltage difference may be used to determine the charging parameter.
  • the DCDC unit charges a target charging current to the energy storage unit, and uses the target charging current as a charging parameter of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit.
  • the target charging current may be determined based on the voltage difference and the impedance of the energy storage module.
  • the PWM duty cycle for charging the energy storage unit may be determined according to the target charging current and the sampling current of the input port of the DCDC unit, and the PWM duty cycle may be used to send the The energy storage unit is charged.
  • the sampling current of the input port of the DCDC unit represents the current actual output current of the input source to the energy storage module, and the DCDC unit needs to charge the energy storage unit with the above-mentioned target charging current to maintain the stability of the input voltage. Therefore, the DCDC unit is based on The actual sampling current and the target charging current that needs to be charged can be used to obtain the PWM duty cycle control charging parameters of the DCDC charging the energy storage unit, and then the internal resistance of the aforementioned input source, the input port of the DCDC unit and the charging parameters can be obtained.
  • the line impedance between the input sources, the active voltage regulation limit output of the DCDC unit restricts the charging power of the energy storage module, etc., to control the DCDC unit to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the charging parameter is the charging voltage
  • the charging parameter of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit is determined according to the voltage difference
  • the voltage difference may be used to determine the charging parameter.
  • the target charging voltage of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit may be determined according to the voltage difference, and the target charging voltage is used as the DCDC unit Charging parameters for the energy storage unit.
  • the pulse width modulation PWM duty cycle for charging the energy storage unit may be determined according to the target charging voltage and the sampling voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit, and the PWM duty cycle may be used Charge the energy storage unit.
  • the above-mentioned voltage difference is obtained from the actual sampling voltage and the preset constant voltage required by DCDC.
  • the DCDC unit can use the target charging voltage of the energy storage unit obtained from the above-mentioned difference and the input of the DCDC unit
  • the sampling voltage of the port is calculated to obtain the PWM duty cycle for charging the energy storage unit, and the internal resistance of the aforementioned input source, the line impedance between the input port of the DCDC unit and the input source, and the Actively limit the charging power of the energy storage module, etc. to control the DCDC unit to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the charging parameter is the PWM duty cycle
  • the charging parameter of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit is determined according to the voltage difference
  • the voltage difference may be used to determine the charging parameter of the energy storage unit.
  • the PWM duty cycle of the DCDC unit for charging the energy storage unit is determined, and the PWM duty cycle is used as a charging parameter of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit.
  • the PWM duty cycle can be used to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the above-mentioned voltage difference is obtained from the actual sampling voltage and the preset constant voltage required by DCDC.
  • the DCDC unit can use the above-mentioned difference to calculate the PWM duty cycle required by DCDC, and use the aforementioned input
  • the internal resistance of the source, the line impedance between the input port of the DCDC unit and the input source, the active limitation of the charging power of the energy storage module of the DCDC unit, etc. are used to control the DCDC unit to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the energy storage unit when the energy storage unit is charged with the charging power reflected by the charging parameter, the energy storage unit may be charged with the charging power reflected by the charging parameter based on closed-loop control.
  • the preset constant pressure is a constant pressure within a preset time or a preset working condition.
  • the preset constant pressure is obtained by the host computer through a communication command instruction, or the preset constant pressure is obtained according to the preset correspondence between the energy storage unit and the preset constant pressure, or
  • the preset constant voltage is obtained according to a preset correspondence relationship between a real-time parameter and a preset constant voltage, the real-time parameter includes at least one of charging voltage, current, and capacity, or the preset constant voltage is a preset value .
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage module, the energy storage module includes a DCDC unit and an energy storage unit, wherein the DCDC unit is used to supply power to the energy storage unit using the method described in the first aspect above .
  • the DCDC unit includes: a DCDC power circuit, an auxiliary circuit, a communication circuit, and a control unit.
  • control unit includes: a sampling unit, a calculation unit, and a protection unit.
  • the auxiliary circuit includes a sampling circuit, a driving circuit, and a control circuit.
  • the energy storage unit includes a battery pack.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including: an input source, a load, and at least one energy storage module described in the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed, the method described in the first aspect is implemented.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes computer program code, when the computer program code is executed by an energy storage module, the energy storage module is caused to execute the above-mentioned first aspect The method described.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module connection of an electric device applicable to an embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of another example of module connection of electric equipment applicable to the embodiment of this application;
  • Fig. 3 is a structural example diagram of an energy storage module in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a charging control method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a charging control method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a charging control method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the problem of limited input power of the input source may occur.
  • the input power of the input source is greatly affected by the weather.
  • the light is weak and the input power of the input source is limited.
  • the sum of the battery charging power and the load power is greater than
  • the maximum power of the input source will cause the input busbar voltage of the battery module to be unstable, which will cause the battery module to switch repeatedly between charging and discharging.
  • the redundant configuration of the input source power is used to make the maximum input power of the input source greater than the sum of the battery charging power and the load power.
  • the DCDC charging power can also be adjusted by means of an upper computer adjustment.
  • this method has poor real-time performance, and it is difficult to balance the maximum utilization of input power with rapid changes in load or input source power.
  • the embodiment of the present application dynamically adjusts the charging of the battery module in real time through the battery module self-management method
  • the power is equal to the maximum output power of the input source minus the load power, so as to ensure that the input busbar voltage of the battery module remains stable, and the input source can always maintain the maximum output power.
  • the present application has high real-time performance, which can ensure a balance between the maximum utilization of input power and the rapid change of load or input source power.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module connection of an electrical equipment applicable to an embodiment of this application.
  • the input source includes an input source device and an input source internal resistance, and the input source outputs electric energy through the input source port.
  • the input source and the energy storage module include input lines and impedances, and are connected to the load through the load line.
  • the energy storage module includes a DCDC input port, and the electrical energy output by the input source is input to the energy storage module through the DCDC input port.
  • the energy storage module includes a DCDC unit, an energy storage unit, and necessary packaging materials.
  • the energy storage unit may include, for example, a battery pack.
  • the battery pack can be composed of single battery cells in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel.
  • the DCDC unit is connected with the energy storage unit to control the electrical energy input of the energy storage unit.
  • the electrical equipment may include one energy storage module or multiple energy storage modules.
  • the input source, the energy storage module and the load can be connected according to the connection shown in Figure 1.
  • multiple energy storage modules can be used in parallel.
  • Figure 2 is an example diagram of another module connection of the electrical equipment applicable to the embodiment of this application.
  • a device can include multiple energy storage modules, and each energy storage module consists of a set of energy storage units. , DCDC unit and necessary packaging materials. Multiple energy storage modules are connected in parallel, and at the same time, multiple battery modules are connected in parallel with the load of the device.
  • the input source is connected to a plurality of energy storage modules and a load, and is used to supply power to the plurality of battery modules and the load.
  • the input source may be, for example, a direct current source (DC power).
  • FIG. 3 is a structural example diagram of the energy storage module in the embodiment of the application.
  • the DCDC unit may include, for example, a bidirectional DCDC circuit or a unidirectional DCDC circuit that only charges the battery core, etc.
  • the DCDC circuit converts the DC power supply Circuit for DC power supply.
  • the DCDC circuit may include a DCDC power circuit and necessary auxiliary circuits.
  • the auxiliary circuit may include a sampling circuit, a driving circuit, and a control circuit.
  • the DCDC unit may also include a communication circuit and a control unit.
  • the control unit may be, for example, a microcontroller unit (MCU), and the control unit may include Sampling unit, calculation unit, protection unit, etc.
  • the input source is weak
  • the weak input source means that the input source can supply power to the load and the energy storage module at the same time, but the maximum output power of the input source is less than the sum of the maximum rechargeable power of all energy storage modules and the load power.
  • the weak source is relative to the strong source.
  • the maximum output power of the input source is greater than or equal to the sum of the charging power of the energy storage module and the load power.
  • the charging power of the energy storage module described in the embodiment of the present application refers to the maximum power that the energy storage module can actually charge.
  • the input voltage of the energy storage module may refer to the input voltage of the DCDC unit in the energy storage module, and specifically may refer to the input port voltage of the DCDC unit.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic flow chart of a charging control method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the method can be applied to the energy storage modules in the electrical equipment shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 above.
  • the specific execution subject can be the above figure. 3 DCDC unit as an example.
  • the method includes:
  • the method in the embodiment of the present application may be executed by the energy storage module according to a specific processing cycle.
  • the length of the processing period can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and only needs to meet the length of the processing period to be able to track changes in the input source or load. For example, for an input source or load, the device detects whether the input source or load has changed according to a certain period, the processing period executed by the embodiment of the present application may be less than the period for detecting whether the input source or load has changed.
  • the sampling unit in the DCDC unit can sample the voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit at a specific time of each cycle, for example, the starting time.
  • S402. Determine the charging parameter of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit according to the sampled voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit and the preset constant voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit. The sum is equal to the maximum output power of the input source.
  • the preset constant voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit may refer to the lower limit value of the input voltage of the DCDC unit when the input source is weak.
  • the change trend of the actual voltage of the input port can be judged, and the change trend can be used to dynamically determine the need to increase or decrease the charge Parameters, and then determine the charging parameters of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit in this cycle.
  • the above-mentioned charging parameters of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit can reflect the charging power of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit.
  • the charging parameter may be, for example, a charging voltage, a charging current, or pulse width modulation (PWM) of a DCDC unit
  • the charging power may be, for example, a charging power or a charging current.
  • the change trend of the actual voltage of the input port can be determined, and the change trend can be used to dynamically determine
  • the charging parameters need to be increased or decreased to determine the charging parameters of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit in this cycle, and then use the charging power reflected by the charging parameters to charge the energy storage unit, that is, to dynamically adjust the charging power to the energy storage unit.
  • the charging power can be made equal to the difference between the maximum output power of the input source and the load power, so that the input source can always maintain the maximum output power, and at the same time, through control
  • the charging power is equal to the difference between the maximum output power of the input source and the load power, which can realize the stability of the input voltage of the energy storage module and avoid the phenomenon of repeated charging and discharging of the energy storage module.
  • the energy storage module realizes the stability of the input voltage based on the self-management method of the sampling voltage of the input port, without relying on other modules, and without adding new hardware configurations. Therefore, this embodiment can avoid hardware costs.
  • the energy storage module dynamically adjusts the amount of charge to the energy storage unit in a self-management manner, so the real-time performance is high, thereby ensuring a balance between the maximum utilization of input power and the rapid change of load or input source power.
  • the input voltage of the energy storage module described in the embodiment of the present application remains stable, which means that the input voltage remains relatively stable.
  • the preset number may be 5%, 1%, etc., for example. It should be understood that the 5% and 1% here are only examples of the preset values in this application, and should not be regarded as limitations on the solution of this application.
  • the above embodiments can be executed when the input source is weak, and if it is not currently in the weak source of the input source, the output voltage, output current, line impedance, etc. of the input source can be used to determine the energy storage module. The highest voltage.
  • the DCDC unit determines the above-mentioned charging parameters and uses the charging power reflected by the charging parameters to charge the energy storage unit
  • the input voltage of the energy storage module can be stabilized based on at least one of the following and The input source always maintains the maximum output power:
  • the internal resistance of the input source the line impedance between the input port of the DCDC unit and the input source, and the active limitation of the energy storage module charging power of the DCDC unit.
  • the internal resistance of the input source and the line impedance between the input port of the DCDC unit and the input source can refer to the example in Figure 2 above.
  • the DCDC unit uses the DCDC unit to actively limit the charging power of the energy storage module, the output power of the input source does not need to be adjusted, and the DCDC unit adjusts the charging power to the energy storage unit based on the charging parameters, so that the input voltage of the energy storage module remains stable while achieving The input source maintains the maximum output power.
  • the above-mentioned charging parameter may be the charging voltage, the charging current, or the PWM duty cycle of the DCDC unit.
  • the duty cycle refers to the ratio of the power-on time to the total time in a pulse cycle.
  • a pulse sequence with a pulse width of 1 ⁇ s and a signal period of 4 ⁇ s has a duty ratio of 0.25.
  • the DCDC unit may first control the voltage to be the charging voltage determined in step S402, and then control the PWM based on the charging voltage The duty cycle is used to charge the energy storage unit with the power reflected by the charging voltage.
  • the DCDC unit may first control the current to be the charging current determined in step S402, and then control the PWM based on the charging current The duty cycle is used to charge the energy storage unit with the amount of electricity reflected by the charging current.
  • the DCDC unit when charging the energy storage unit in the above step S403, can use the charging parameter to control the PWM duty cycle, so as to achieve the PWM duty cycle.
  • the reflected charge power charges the energy storage unit.
  • the DCDC unit controls the PWM duty cycle to charge the energy storage unit with the charging power reflected by the charging parameters.
  • the DCDC unit can control the charging current and charging power to the energy storage unit by controlling the PWM duty ratio, so as to realize the charging of the energy storage unit with the charging power reflected by the charging parameters.
  • the energy storage unit may be charged with the charging power reflected by the charging parameters based on closed-loop control.
  • the aforementioned closed-loop control may refer to a closed-loop control algorithm.
  • the closed-loop control algorithm may be, for example, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm, but it is not limited to this.
  • PID proportional-integral-derivative
  • the above embodiments describe the process of determining the charging parameter to charge the energy storage unit based on the charging power reflected by the charging parameter.
  • the following describes the optional manners of determining the charging parameters according to the sampled voltage and the preset constant voltage in the above step S402.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a charging control method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 5, an optional manner of the foregoing step S402 includes:
  • S501 Determine the voltage difference between the sampled voltage and the aforementioned preset constant voltage.
  • the voltage difference between the sampled voltage and the aforementioned preset constant voltage refers to the difference obtained by subtracting the preset constant voltage from the sampled voltage.
  • the DCDC unit obtains the sampled voltage, it subtracts the preset constant voltage from the sampled voltage, and executes the subsequent processing process.
  • S502 Determine the charging parameter of the energy storage unit by the DCDC unit according to the foregoing voltage difference.
  • the sampled voltage represents the actual voltage of the DCDC unit in the current cycle
  • the preset constant voltage represents the lower limit of the input voltage of the DCDC unit when the input source is weak. Therefore, based on two The DCDC unit can determine the change trend of the input voltage of the DCDC unit, and can use the change trend to dynamically adjust the amount of charge to the energy storage unit, thereby maintaining the stability of the input voltage of the DCDC unit.
  • the difference between the sampled voltage and the preset constant voltage may be positive or negative.
  • the positive and negative values can be processed as follows.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a charging control method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 6, a process of determining charging parameters by using the difference between a sampled voltage and a preset constant voltage includes:
  • step S401 is the same as the processing in step S401 described above, and the processing in step S401 can be referred to, which will not be repeated here.
  • S602 Calculate the voltage difference between the sampled voltage and the preset constant voltage.
  • S604 Determine that the charging parameter is greater than the charging parameter of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit in the previous cycle.
  • the DCDC unit can increase the charging parameters of the energy storage unit compared to the previous cycle. In turn, the charging power to the energy storage unit can be increased.
  • the input source can work in the maximum current or maximum power output state, that is, the input is output according to the maximum power, and at the same time, the input voltage of the energy storage module is stabilized near the preset constant voltage value, that is, The input voltage remains stable.
  • the input voltage is stable near the preset constant voltage value, which can specifically refer to the value range of the preset constant voltage upward and the preset value range downward of the preset constant voltage as described in the foregoing embodiment. .
  • step S605 Determine whether the difference value is a negative value, if yes, perform step S606; otherwise, continue to perform step S601.
  • the DCDC unit can continue to use the charging parameters of the previous cycle to charge the energy storage unit. Therefore, the charging parameters can remain consistent with the charging parameters of the previous cycle. Therefore, the DCDC unit continues to execute from step S601 in the next cycle.
  • S606 Determine that the charging parameter is less than the charging parameter of the previous cycle of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit.
  • the DCDC unit can reduce the charging parameters of the energy storage unit compared to the previous cycle, and then Achieve reduction in the amount of charge to the energy storage unit. By reducing the amount of charge to the energy storage unit, the input voltage remains stable, while still ensuring that the input source is output at the maximum power.
  • the following describes the processing procedure when the DCDC unit determines the value of the charging parameter based on the difference and charges the energy storage unit based on the charging parameter.
  • the charging parameter determined by the DCDC unit based on the above difference may be the PWM duty ratio of the charging current and the charging voltage.
  • the DCDC unit first determines the target charging current of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit according to the aforementioned voltage difference, and uses the target charging current as the aforementioned charging parameter. Furthermore, the energy storage unit is charged based on the charging power reflected by the charging parameter.
  • the DCDC unit may determine the above-mentioned target charging current based on the above-mentioned voltage difference and the impedance of the energy storage module.
  • the impedance of the energy storage module may refer to the virtual internal resistance of the energy storage module.
  • the DCDC unit can calculate the ratio of the voltage difference to the impedance of the energy storage module, and the ratio is the current adjustment amount in the current cycle compared to the previous cycle, and the current adjustment amount is compared with the charging current in the previous cycle. Superimposed, the target charging current of the DCDC circuit to the energy storage unit in the current cycle can be obtained.
  • the above-mentioned voltage difference may be positive or negative.
  • the current adjustment amount calculated by the above method is a positive value, and after the current adjustment amount is added to the charging current of the previous cycle, the target charging current obtained is greater than the charging current of the previous cycle.
  • the current adjustment calculated by the above method is a negative value, and the current adjustment is superimposed on the charging current of the previous cycle, so that the obtained target charging current is less than the charging current of the previous cycle.
  • the DCDC unit can charge the energy storage unit according to the following process based on the target charging current.
  • the DCDC unit can determine the PWM duty cycle for charging the energy storage unit based on the target charging current and the sampling current of the input port of the DCDC unit, and then use the PWM duty cycle to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the sampling time of the sampling current of the input port of the DCDC unit may be consistent with the aforementioned sampling time of the sampling voltage, for example, both are collected at the beginning of the weekly cycle.
  • the sampling current of the input port of the DCDC unit represents the current actual output current of the input source to the energy storage module, and the DCDC unit needs to charge the energy storage unit with the above-mentioned target charging current to maintain the stability of the input voltage. Therefore, the DCDC unit is based on The actual sampling current and the target charging current that needs to be charged can be used to obtain the PWM duty cycle of the DCDC charging the energy storage unit, and then the internal resistance of the aforementioned input source, the input port of the DCDC unit and the input source can be used.
  • the line impedance between the DCDC unit and the active limitation of the charging power of the energy storage module of the DCDC unit are used to control the DCDC unit to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the DCDC unit first determines the target charging voltage of the DCDC unit to the energy storage unit according to the aforementioned voltage difference, and uses the target charging voltage as the aforementioned charging parameter. Furthermore, the energy storage unit is charged based on the charging power reflected by the charging parameter.
  • the DCDC unit can charge the energy storage unit according to the following process based on the target charging voltage.
  • the DCDC unit can determine the PWM duty cycle for charging the energy storage unit based on the target charging voltage and the sampling voltage of the input port of the DCDC unit, and then use the PWM duty cycle to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the above-mentioned voltage difference is obtained from the actual sampling voltage and the preset constant voltage required by DCDC.
  • the DCDC unit can use the target charging voltage of the energy storage unit obtained from the above-mentioned difference and the input of the DCDC unit
  • the sampling voltage of the port is calculated to obtain the PWM duty cycle for charging the energy storage unit, and the internal resistance of the aforementioned input source, the line impedance between the input port of the DCDC unit and the input source, and the Actively limit the charging power of the energy storage module, etc. to control the DCDC unit to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the DCDC unit can calculate the PWM duty cycle of the DCDC unit charging the energy storage unit according to the aforementioned input port voltage difference, and use the PWM duty cycle as the aforementioned charging parameter. Furthermore, the energy storage unit is charged based on the charging power reflected by the charging parameter.
  • the above-mentioned voltage difference is obtained from the actual sampling voltage and the preset constant voltage required by DCDC.
  • the DCDC unit can use the above-mentioned difference to calculate the PWM duty cycle required by DCDC, and use the aforementioned input
  • the internal resistance of the source, the line impedance between the input port of the DCDC unit and the input source, the active limitation of the charging power of the energy storage module of the DCDC unit, etc. are used to control the DCDC unit to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the preset constant pressure may refer to a constant pressure within a preset time or a preset working condition.
  • the preset constant voltage Before using the preset constant voltage to dynamically adjust the charging power of the energy storage unit, the preset constant voltage can be obtained in any of the following ways.
  • the preset constant voltage can be obtained by the host computer through communication commands.
  • the host computer may send instruction information to the electrical equipment, and the instruction information is used to indicate the above-mentioned preset constant voltage.
  • the electrical equipment receives the instruction information from the host computer.
  • the above-mentioned upper computer may be a device that is communicatively connected with the electric device.
  • the above-mentioned upper computer may be an upstream device that controls, manages, or maintains the electric device.
  • the DCDC unit can learn the preset constant voltage indicated by the instruction information.
  • the DCDC unit executes the processing procedure in the foregoing embodiment based on the instructed preset constant voltage.
  • the host computer sends the above-mentioned instruction information to the electrical equipment, which may be sent when the preset constant voltage set in the host computer changes.
  • the preset constant pressure is obtained according to the preset relationship between the energy storage unit and the preset constant pressure.
  • the preset relationship between the energy storage unit and the constant voltage voltage can be pre-stored in the electrical equipment or obtained from the host computer and other devices, and the preset constant voltage corresponding to the energy storage unit can be found according to the mapping relationship, and then the Preset constant voltage for charging control of energy storage unit.
  • the above-mentioned preset constant pressure is obtained according to the preset correspondence relationship between the real-time parameter and the preset constant pressure.
  • the aforementioned real-time parameters include at least one of charging voltage, current, and capacity.
  • the preset correspondence between the above real-time parameters and the preset constant voltage, as well as the current real-time charging voltage, current, and capacity values can be pre-stored in the electrical equipment or obtained from the upper computer and other equipment, and further, based on the real-time parameters and The preset corresponding relationship of the preset constant voltage, and the current real-time charging voltage, current, and capacity value are found to find the preset constant voltage.
  • the preset constant pressure is a preset fixed value.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a readable storage medium, which stores instructions in the storage medium, and when it runs on the energy storage module, the energy storage module is executed as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 above.
  • Example method Example method.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a program product, the program product includes a computer program, the computer program is stored in a storage medium, at least one control unit can read the computer program from the storage medium, and the at least one When the control unit executes the computer program, the method of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 can be implemented.
  • At least one refers to one or more, and “multiple” refers to two or more.
  • “And/or” describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an “or” relationship; in the formula, the character “/” indicates that the associated objects before and after are in a “division” relationship.
  • “The following at least one item (a)” or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (a) or a plurality of items (a).
  • at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple indivual.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of the processes should be determined by their functions and internal logic, and should not correspond to the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.

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Abstract

一种充电控制方法、储能模块及用电设备，该方法包括：获取DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压（S401），并根据所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压以及所述DCDC单元的输入端口的预设恒压，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数，其中，所述充电参数所反映的充电电量与所述负载的充电电量之和等于所述输入源的最大输出电量（S402）。在确定出上述充电参数后，向储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电（S403）。使用该方法，在输入源弱源场景下，能够使得输入源能够始终保持最大输出功率，同时，可以实现储能模块的输入电压的稳定，避免出现储能模块反复充放电的现象，还可以避免硬件成本的增加以及减少储能模块与其他模块的耦合。

Description

充电控制方法、储能模块及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及能源技术领域，尤其涉及一种充电控制方法、储能模块及用电设备。
背景技术
电池在通信备电系统、电动汽车、数据中心、以及风力发电、太阳能发电、储能电站等系统上的储能应用越来越广泛，而将电池与直流-直流(direct current-direct current，DCDC)电路结合使用逐渐成为一种趋势，DCDC电路结构简单，通过DCDC电路与电池结合，能够实现故障电池模块自动隔离、不同电池之间并联并功率等。DCDC电路与电池可以结合并作为所应用的系统或设备中的电池模块。DCDC电路与电池结合使用的场景例如可以包括直流备电场景、风力发电场景、太阳能场景、负载动态场景等。在这些场景中，可能出现由于输入源的输入功率有限，电池充电功率与负载功率之和大于输入源最大功率时，导致电池模块的输入母排电压不稳定，进而导致电池模块在充放电之间反复切换的问题。
现有技术中，可以对输入源功率进行冗余配置，通过对输入源功率的冗余配置，使得输入源的最大输入功率大于电池充电功率与负载功率之和，并且预留一定的裕量，从而保证输入母排电压的稳定。
但是，现有技术的方法导致硬件成本高，并且对环境的适应能力差。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种充电控制方法、储能模块及用电设备，用于解决现有技术为了维持电池输入母排电压稳定而出现的硬件成本高、对环境的适应能力差的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种充电控制方法，该方法应用于用电设备的储能模块，该储能模块包括DCDC单元和储能单元，用电设备还包括输入源和负载，输入源分别与上述储能模块以及负载连接，并分别向储能模块以及负载供电。
储能模块进行充电控制的过程包括：
获取所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压，并根据所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压以及所述DCDC单元的输入端口的预设恒压，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数，其中，所述充电参数所反映的充电电量与所述负载的充电电量之和等于所述输入源的最大输出电量。在确定出上述充电参数后，向储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电。
在该方法中，储能模块基于每个周期中获取到的DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压，以及上述的预设恒压，可以判断出输入端口的实际电压的变化趋势，利用该变化趋势，可以动态确定需要增加或者降低充电参数，进而确定出本周期中DCDC单元对储能单元的充 电参数，进而使用该充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电，即动态调整向储能单元的充电电量。在输入源弱源场景下，通过动态调整向储能单元的充电电量，能够使得充电电量等于输入源输出最大功率与负载功率之差，从而使得输入源能够始终保持最大输出功率，同时，通过控制充电电量等于输入源输出最大功率与负载功率之差，可以实现储能模块的输入电压的稳定，避免出现储能模块反复充放电的现象。另外，该方法中由储能模块基于输入端口的采样电压的自管理方式实现输入电压的稳定，而无需依赖其他模块，也不需要新增硬件配置，因此，还可以避免硬件成本的增加以及减少储能模块与其他模块的耦合。另外，该方法由储能模块以自管理方式动态调整向储能单元的充电电量，因此实时性高，从而保证在输入功率最大化利用与负载或输入源功率快速变化间的平衡。
在一种可能的设计中，储能模块在向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电时，可以基于如下至少一项，使得所述DCDC单元的输入端口的输入电压与所述预设恒压的差值维持在预设范围内：
所述输入源的内阻、所述DCDC单元的输入端口与所述输入源之间的线路阻抗、所述DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率。
该方法中，利用上述的至少一项，在输入源始终保持最大输出功率的同时，还使得DCDC单元的输入端口的输入电压与所述预设恒压的差值维持在预设范围内，进而实现了DCDC单元的输入端口的输入电压的稳定。
在一种可能的设计中，在根据所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压以及所述DCDC单元的输入端口的预设恒压，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数时，可以首先确定所述采样电压与所述预设恒压的电压差值，并根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数。
该方法中，采样电压表示了当前周期中DCDC单元的实际电压，而如前文所述，预设恒压表示了在输入源弱源时DCDC单元的输入电压的下限值，因此，基于二者的差值，DCDC单元可以判断出DCDC单元的输入电压的变化趋势，并可以利用该变化趋势动态调整向储能单元的充电电量，从而保持DCDC单元的输入电压的稳定。
在一种可能的设计中，若所述采样电压与所述预设恒压的电压差值为正值，则在确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数时，可以确定所述充电参数大于所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的上一周期的充电参数。
如果采样电压与预设电压恒压的差值为正值，表明输入源向储能模块的输入电压增加，因此，DCDC单元相比于上一周期，可以增大对储能单元的充电参数，进而实现增加向储能单元的充电电量。通过增加向储能单元的充电电量，使得输入源工作在最大限流或最大限功率输出状态，即输入按照最大功率输出，同时，储能模块的输入电压稳定在预设恒压值附近，即输入电压保持稳定。
在一种可能的设计中，若所述采样电压与所述预设恒压的电压差值为负值，则在确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数时，可以确定所述充电参数大于所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的上一周期的充电参数。
如果采样电压预设电压恒压的差值为负值，表明输入源向储能模块的输入电压降低，因此，DCDC单元相比于上一周期，可以减小对储能单元的充电参数，进而实现减小向储能单元的充电电量。通过减小向储能单元的充电电量，使得输入电压保持稳定，同时，仍 然能够保证输入源按照最大功率输出。
在一种可能的设计中，当充电参数为充电电流时，在根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数时，可以根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元向所述储能单元的目标充电电流，并将所述目标充电电流作为所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数。
在该可能的设计中，可以基于所述电压差值以及所述储能模块的阻抗，确定所述目标充电电流。
在该可能的设计中，可以根据所述目标充电电流以及所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电流确定向所述储能单元充电的PWM占空比，并使用所述PWM占空比向所述储能单元充电。
DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电流表示了输入源向储能模块当前的实际输出电流，而DCDC单元需要以上述的目标充电电流向储能单元充电，以保持输入电压的稳定，因此，DCDC单元基于实际的采样电流以及需要充电的目标充电电流，可以得到DCDC向储能单元充电的PWM占空比的控制充电参数，进而可以利用前述的输入源的内阻、所述DCDC单元的输入端口与所述输入源之间的线路阻抗、所述DCDC单元的主动调压限制输出限制储能模块充电功率等，以控制DCDC单元向储能单元充电。
在一种可能的设计中，当充电参数为充电电压时，在根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数时，可以根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数时，可以根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元向所述储能单元的目标充电电压，并将所述目标充电电压作为所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数。
在该可能的设计中，可以根据所述目标充电电压以及所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压确定向所述储能单元充电的脉冲宽度调制PWM占空比，并使用所述PWM占空比向所述储能单元充电。
上述电压差值由实际的采样电压以及DCDC需要的预设恒压得到，为了使得输入电压保持稳定，DCDC单元可以利用由上述差值所得到的储能单元的目标充电电压，以及DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压计算得到向储能单元充电的PWM占空比，并利用前述的输入源的内阻、所述DCDC单元的输入端口与所述输入源之间的线路阻抗、所述DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率等，以控制DCDC单元向储能单元充电。
在一种可能的设计中，当充电参数为PWM占空比时，当根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数时，可以根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元向所述储能单元充电的PWM占空比，并将所述PWM占空比作为所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数。
在该可能的设计中，可以使用所述PWM占空比向所述储能单元充电。
上述电压差值由实际的采样电压以及DCDC需要的预设恒压得到，为了使得输入电压保持稳定，DCDC单元可以利用由上述差值计算得到DCDC所需的PWM占空比，并利用前述的输入源的内阻、所述DCDC单元的输入端口与所述输入源之间的线路阻抗、所述DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率等，以控制DCDC单元向储能单元充电。
在一种可能的设计中，向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电时，可 以基于闭环控制，向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电。
在一种可能的设计中，所述预设恒压为预设时间或预设工况内的恒压。
在一种可能的设计中，所述预设恒压由上位机通过通信命令指示得到，或者，所述预设恒压根据储能单元与预设恒压的预设对应关系得到，或者，所述预设恒压根据实时参数与预设恒压的预设对应关系得到，所述实时参数包括充电电压、电流、容量中的至少一项，或者，所述预设恒压为一预设值。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种储能模块，该储能模块包括DCDC单元和储能单元，其中，该DCDC单元用于使用上述第一方面所述的方法为所述储能单元供电。
在一种可能的设计中，所述DCDC单元包括：DCDC功率电路、辅助电路、通信电路以及控制单元。
在一种可能的设计中，所述控制单元包括：采样单元、计算单元以及保护单元。
在一种可能的设计中，所述辅助电路包括：采样电路、驱动电路以及控制电路。
在一种可能的设计中，所述储能单元包括电芯包。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括：输入源、负载以及至少一个上述第二方面所述的储能模块。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，当所述计算机程序被运行时，实现上述第一方面所述的方法。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序代码，当所述计算机程序代码被储能模块执行时，使得所述储能模块执行上述第一方面所述的方法。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例适用的用电设备的一种模块连接示意图；
图2为本申请实施例适用的用电设备的另一种模块连接示例图；
图3为本申请实施例中储能模块的结构示例图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的充电控制方法的流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的充电控制方法的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的充电控制方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
在DCDC电路与电池结合使用的风力发电、太阳能发电等储能场景中，可能出现输入源的输入功率有限的问题。以太阳能发电场景为例，输入源的输入功率受天气的影响较大，在多云天气时，光照较弱，输入源的输入功率有限，在这种情况下，电池充电功率与负载功率之和大于输入源最大功率，会导致电池模块的输入母排电压不稳定，进而导致电池模块在充放电之间反复切换。而现有技术中利用对输入源功率的冗余配置，使得输入源的最大输入功率大于电池充电功率与负载功率之和的方式，一发面会导致硬件成本的升高，另一方面，对输入源进行冗余配置之后，对于设备安装场地以及配电的要求增高，因此导致设备对于安装环境的适应能力变弱。另外，现有技术中还可以通过上位机调节的方式来调节DCDC充电功率。但是，这种方式的实时性差，很难在输入功率最大化利用与负载或输 入源功率快速变化间平衡。
考虑到现有技术中使用对输入源进行冗余配置方式所导致的设备硬件成本升高以及对环境适应能力变弱的问题，本申请实施例通过电池模块自管理方式实时动态调整电池模块的充电功率等于输入源最大输出功率减负载功率，从而保证电池模块的输入母排电压保持稳定，并且使得输入源能够始终保持最大输出功率。同时，本申请的实时性高，能够保证在输入功率最大化利用与负载或输入源功率快速变化间的平衡。
为便于描述，本申请以下实施例将用电设备简称为设备。
图1为本申请实施例适用的用电设备的一种模块连接示意图，如图1所示，输入源中包括输入源器件以及输入源内阻，输入源通过输入源端口输出电能。输入源与储能模块之间包括输入线路及阻抗，并通过负载线路与负载连接。储能模块包括DCDC输入端口，输入源输出的电能通过DCDC输入端口输入储能模块。储能模块中包括DCDC单元、储能单元以及必要的包装材料，储能单元例如可以包括电芯包。电芯包可以由单体电芯以串联、并联或串并联结合方式组成。DCDC单元与储能单元连接，控制储能单元的电能输入。
用电设备中可以包括一个储能模块，也可以包括多个储能模块。当用电设备中包括一个储能模块时，输入源与储能模块以及负载之间可以按照图1所示的连接方式连接。当用电设备中包括多个储能模块时，多个储能模块可以并机使用。图2为本申请实施例适用的用电设备的另一种模块连接示例图，如图2所示，在一个设备中可以包括多个储能模块，每个储能模块由一组储能单元、DCDC单元以及必要的包装材料组成。多个储能模块之间为并联，同时，多个电池模块与设备的负载之间并联。输入源与多个储能模块以及负载连接，用于向多个电池模块以及负载供电。输入源例如可以为直流源(DC power)。
图3为本申请实施例中储能模块的结构示例图，本申请实施例中，DCDC单元例如可以包括双向DCDC电路或单向仅对电芯充电的DCDC电路等，DCDC电路是将直流电源变换为直流电源的电路。如图3所示例的，DCDC电路可以包括DCDC功率电路以及必要的辅助电路。辅助电路可以包括采样电路、驱动电路以及控制电路等。
另外，参照图3，DCDC单元中除了包括DCDC功率电路以及必要的辅助电路外，还可以包括通信电路及控制单元，控制单元例如可以为微控制单元(microcontroller unit，MCU)，控制单元中可以包括采样单元、计算单元、保护单元等。
在说明本申请实施例的方案之前，首先对本申请实施例涉及的术语进行解释。
1、输入源弱源
本申请实施例中，输入源弱源是指输入源可以同时为负载以及储能模块供电，但是，输入源的最大输出功率小于所有储能模块最大可充电功率与负载功率之和。
弱源是相对于强源而言，当输入源为强源时，输入源的最大输出功率大于或等于储能模块充电功率与负载功率之和。
值得说明的是，本申请实施例所述的储能模块充电功率是指储能模块实际可充电的最大功率。
2、储能模块的输入电压
本申请实施例中，储能模块的输入电压可以指储能模块中DCDC单元的输入电压，具体可以指DCDC单元的输入端口电压。
图4为本申请实施例提供的充电控制方法的流程示意图，该方法可以应用于上述图1、 图2以及图3所示的用电设备中的储能模块，具体的执行主体可以为上述图3所示例的DCDC单元。如图4所示，该方法包括：
S401、获取DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压。
可选的，本申请实施例的方法可以由储能模块按照特定的处理周期执行。该处理周期的长度可以根据实际需要灵活设置，仅需要满足处理周期的长度能够跟踪上输入源或负载的变化即可。例如，对于输入源或负载，设备按照一定的周期检测输入源或负载是否发生变化，则本申请实施例执行的处理周期可以小于检测输入源或负载是否发生变化的周期，当处理周期小于检测输入源或负载是否发生变化的周期时，可以认为在每个处理周期内，输入源或负载保持稳定，进而可以使用本申请实施例的方法控制DCDC单元的输入电压保持稳定。
以上述图3所示的结构为例，可以由DCDC单元中的采样单元在每个周期的特定时刻，例如起始时刻，采样DCDC单元的输入端口的电压。
S402、根据上述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压以及上述DCDC单元的输入端口的预设恒压，确定DCDC单元对储能单元的充电参数，该充电参数所反映的充电电量与负载的充电电量之和等于输入源的最大输出电量。
可选的，DCDC单元的输入端口的预设恒压，可以是指在输入源弱源时DCDC单元的输入电压的下限值。
基于每个周期中获取到的DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压，以及上述的预设恒压，可以判断出输入端口的实际电压的变化趋势，利用该变化趋势，可以动态确定需要增加或者降低充电参数，进而确定出本周期中DCDC单元对储能单元的充电参数。
S403、向储能单元以上述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电。
上述的DCDC单元对储能单元的充电参数能够反映DCDC单元对储能单元的充电电量。其中，充电参数例如可以为充电电压、充电电流或者DCDC单元的脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation，PWM)等，充电电量例如可以为充电功率或充电电流。
本实施例中，基于每个周期中获取到的DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压，以及上述的预设恒压，可以判断出输入端口的实际电压的变化趋势，利用该变化趋势，可以动态确定需要增加或者降低充电参数，进而确定出本周期中DCDC单元对储能单元的充电参数，进而使用该充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电，即动态调整向储能单元的充电电量。在输入源弱源场景下，通过动态调整向储能单元的充电电量，能够使得充电电量等于输入源输出最大功率与负载功率之差，从而使得输入源能够始终保持最大输出功率，同时，通过控制充电电量等于输入源输出最大功率与负载功率之差，可以实现储能模块的输入电压的稳定，避免出现储能模块反复充放电的现象。另外，本实施例中由储能模块基于输入端口的采样电压的自管理方式实现输入电压的稳定，而无需依赖其他模块，也不需要新增硬件配置，因此，本实施例可以避免硬件成本的增加以及减少储能模块与其他模块的耦合。另外，本实施例由储能模块以自管理方式动态调整向储能单元的充电电量，因此实时性高，从而保证在输入功率最大化利用与负载或输入源功率快速变化间的平衡。
值得说明的是，本申请实施例所述的储能模块的输入电压保持稳定，是指输入电压保持相对的稳定。例如，在持续的输入源弱源时，输入电压波动在预设恒压的向上预设数值的范围内，以及在向下预设数值的范围内，则可以认为储能模块的输入电压保持稳定。示 例性的，该预设数例如可以是5％、1％等。应理解，此处的5％、1％仅为本申请对于预设数值的示例，并不能作为对于本申请方案的限制。
可选的，上述实施例可以在输入源弱源的情况下执行，而如果当前未处于输入源弱源的情况，则可以由输入源的输出电压、输出电流、线路阻抗等决定储能模块的最高电压。
作为一种可选的实施方式，DCDC单元确定出上述充电参数，并使用该充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电时，可以基于如下至少一项实现储能模块的输入电压的稳定以及输入源始终保持最大输出功率：
输入源的内阻、DCDC单元的输入端口与输入源之间的线路阻抗、DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率。
输入源的内阻，以及DCDC单元的输入端口与输入源之间的线路阻抗，可以参照上述图2中的示例。
利用上述的输入源的内阻或线路阻抗或者DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率，可以使得输入源始终保持最大输出功率的同时，还使得DCDC单元的输入端口的输入电压与所述预设恒压的差值维持在预设范围内，从而储能模块的输入电压保持稳定。
利用DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率，输入源的输出电量无需调整，而由DCDC单元基于充电参数，调整向储能单元的充电电量，从而使得储能模块的输入电压保持稳定，同时实现输入源保持最大输出功率。
如前文所述，上述的充电参数可以为充电电压、充电电流或者DCDC单元的PWM占空比。
其中，占空比是指在一个脉冲循环内，通电时间相对于总时间所占的比例。示例性的，在电信领域中，脉冲宽度为1μs，信号周期为4μs的脉冲序列的占空比为0.25。
使用上述三种充电参数的一种进行充电控制时，可以分别按照如下几种情况进行。
一种情况下，如果上述的充电参数为充电电压，则在上述步骤S403中向储能单元充电时，DCDC单元可以首先控制电压为步骤S402所确定出的充电电压，再基于该充电电压控制PWM占空比，从而实现以充电电压所反映的电量向储能单元充电。
另一种情况下，如果上述的充电参数为充电电流，则在上述步骤S403中向储能单元充电时，DCDC单元可以首先控制电流为步骤S402所确定出的充电电流，再基于充电电流控制PWM占空比，从而实现以充电电流所反映的电量向储能单元充电。
再一种情况下，如果上述的充电参数为PWM占空比，则在上述步骤S403中向储能单元充电时，DCDC单元可以使用该充电参数控制PWM占空比，从而实现以PWM占空比所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电。
在上述三种情况中，DCDC单元均通过控制PWM占空比实现以充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电。具体的，DCDC单元通过控制PWM占空比，可以控制向储能单元的充电电流及充电功率，从而实现以充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电。
在以上述的充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电时，作为一种可选的实施方式，可以基于闭环控制，向储能单元以上述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电。
可选的，上述闭环控制，可以是指闭环控制算法，闭环控制算法例如可以为比例-积分-微分(proportion-integral-derivative，PID)算法，但不仅限于此，本申请对于闭环控制的具体方式无明确限定方案实现限定。
以上实施例说明了确定充电参数基于使用该充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电的过程。以下对上述步骤S402中根据采样电压以及预设恒压确定上述充电参数的可选方式进行说明。
图5为本申请实施例提供的充电控制方法的流程示意图，如图5所示，上述步骤S402的一种可选方式包括：
S501、确定采样电压与上述预设恒压的电压差值。
其中，采样电压与上述预设恒压的电压差值，是指采样电压减去预设恒压所得到的差值。
在每个处理周期中，DCDC单元获取到采样电压后，将采样电压减去预设恒压，并执行后续的处理过程。
S502、根据上述电压差值，确定DCDC单元对储能单元的充电参数。
本实施例中，采样电压表示了当前周期中DCDC单元的实际电压，而如前文所述，预设恒压表示了在输入源弱源时DCDC单元的输入电压的下限值，因此，基于二者的差值，DCDC单元可以判断出DCDC单元的输入电压的变化趋势，并可以利用该变化趋势动态调整向储能单元的充电电量，从而保持DCDC单元的输入电压的稳定。
以下对上述步骤S502中根据电压差值确定DCDC单元对储能单元的充电参数的可选方式进行说明。
采样电压与预设恒压的差值可能为正值，也可能为负值，正值和负值时可以分别按照如下的方式进行处理。
图6为本申请实施例提供的充电控制方法的流程示意图，如图6所示，利用采样电压与预设恒压的差值确定充电参数的一种流程包括：
S601、获取DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压。
该步骤与上述步骤S401中的处理过程相同，可以参照步骤S401的处理，此处不再赘述。
S602、计算采样电压与预设恒压的电压差值。
S603、判断差值是否为正值，若是，则执行步骤S604，若否，则执行步骤S605。
S604、确定充电参数大于DCDC单元对储能单元的上一周期的充电参数。
如果采样电压与预设电压恒压的差值为正值，表明输入源向储能模块的输入电压增加，因此，DCDC单元相比于上一周期，可以增大对储能单元的充电参数，进而实现增加向储能单元的充电电量。通过增加向储能单元的充电电量，使得输入源工作在最大限流或最大限功率输出状态，即输入按照最大功率输出，同时，储能模块的输入电压稳定在预设恒压值附近，即输入电压保持稳定。
其中，输入电压稳定在预设恒压值附近，具体可以指前述实施例中所述的在预设恒压的向上预设数值范围内，以及在预设恒压的向下预设数值范围内。
S605、判断差值是否为负值，若是，则执行步骤S606，否则，继续执行步骤S601。
在不满足该条件时，表明采样电压与预设恒压相同，因此，DCDC单元可以继续使用上一周期的充电参数为储能单元充电，因此，充电参数可以保持与上一周期的充电参数一致，因此，DCDC单元在下一周期时，继续从步骤S601开始执行。
S606、确定充电参数小于DCDC单元对储能单元的上一周期的充电参数。
如果采样电压预设电压恒压的差值为负值，表明输入源向储能模块的输入电压降低，因此，DCDC单元相比于上一周期，可以减小对储能单元的充电参数，进而实现减小向储能单元的充电电量。通过减小向储能单元的充电电量，使得输入电压保持稳定，同时，仍然能够保证输入源按照最大功率输出。
以下说明DCDC单元基于上述差值确定上述充电参数的值以及基于该充电参数向储能单元充电时的处理过程。
可选的，DCDC单元基于上述差值，所确定的充电参数可以为充电电流、充电电压后者PWM占空比。以下分别对该几种情况下的处理过程进行说明。
第一种可选方式中，DCDC单元首先根据上述电压差值确定DCDC单元向储能单元的目标充电电流，并将该目标充电电流作为上述充电参数。进而，基于该充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电。
可选的，DCDC单元可以基于上述电压差值以及储能模块的阻抗，确定上述目标充电电流。
其中，储能模块的阻抗可以指储能模块的虚拟内阻。
可选的，DCDC单元可以计算上述电压差值与储能模块的阻抗的比值，该比值即为当前周期相比于上一周期的电流调整量，将该电流调整量与上一周期的充电电流叠加，即可得到当前周期DCDC电路向储能单元的目标充电电流。
如前文所述，上述电压差值可能为正值，也可能为负值。当为正值时，通过上述方法所计算得出的电流调整量为正值，将该电流调整量叠加到上一周期的充电电流后，使得得到的目标充电电流大于上一周期的充电电流。当为负值时，通过上述方法所计算得出的电流调整量为负值，将该电流调整量叠加到上一周期的充电电流后，使得得到的目标充电电流小于上一周期的充电电流。
在得到上述目标充电电流后，DCDC单元基于该目标充电电流，可以按照下述过程向储能单元充电。
可选的，DCDC单元基于该目标充电电流以及DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电流可以确定出向储能单元充电的PWM占空比，进而使用该PWM占空比向储能单元进行充电。
示例性的，DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电流的采样时间可以与前述的采样电压的采样时间保持一致，例如均在每周周期的起始时刻采集。
DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电流表示了输入源向储能模块当前的实际输出电流，而DCDC单元需要以上述的目标充电电流向储能单元充电，以保持输入电压的稳定，因此，DCDC单元基于实际的采样电流以及需要充电的目标充电电流，可以得到DCDC向储能单元充电的PWM占空比，进而可以利用前述的输入源的内阻、所述DCDC单元的输入端口与所述输入源之间的线路阻抗、所述DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率等，以控制DCDC单元向储能单元充电。
第二种可选方式中，DCDC单元首先根据上述电压差值确定DCDC单元向储能单元的目标充电电压，并将该目标充电电压作为上述充电参数。进而，基于该充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电。
在得到上述目标充电电压后，DCDC单元基于该目标充电电压，可以按照下述过程向储能单元充电。
可选的，DCDC单元基于该目标充电电压以及DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压可以确定出向储能单元充电的PWM占空比，进而使用该PWM占空比向储能单元进行充电。
上述电压差值由实际的采样电压以及DCDC需要的预设恒压得到，为了使得输入电压保持稳定，DCDC单元可以利用由上述差值所得到的储能单元的目标充电电压，以及DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压计算得到向储能单元充电的PWM占空比，并利用前述的输入源的内阻、所述DCDC单元的输入端口与所述输入源之间的线路阻抗、所述DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率等，以控制DCDC单元向储能单元充电。
第三种可选方式中，DCDC单元可以根据上述输入端口电压差值计算DCDC单元向储能单元充电的PWM占空比，并将该PWM占空比作为上述充电参数。进而，基于该充电参数所反映的充电电量向储能单元充电。
上述电压差值由实际的采样电压以及DCDC需要的预设恒压得到，为了使得输入电压保持稳定，DCDC单元可以利用由上述差值计算得到DCDC所需的PWM占空比，并利用前述的输入源的内阻、所述DCDC单元的输入端口与所述输入源之间的线路阻抗、所述DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率等，以控制DCDC单元向储能单元充电。
在上述各实施例中，预设恒压可以指预设时间或预设工况内的恒压。
在使用该预设恒压动态调整储能单元的充电电量之前，可以通过如下方式中的任意一种得到该预设恒压。
第一种方式中，该预设恒压可以由上位机通过通信命令指示得到。
在该方式中，可以由上位机向用电设备发送指示信息，该指示信息用于指示上述预设恒压。相应的，用电设备接收来自上位机的该指示信息。
其中，上述上位机可以是与用电设备通信连接的设备，例如，上述上位机可以是对用电设备进行控制、管理或维护的上游设备。
用电设备在接收到来自目标设备的指示信息后，DCDC单元即可获知该指示信息所指示的预设恒压。当进入下一个周期时，DCDC单元基于该指示的预设恒压执行上述实施例中的处理过程。
上位机向用电设备发送上述指示信息，可以是在上位机中设置的预设恒压发生改变时进行发送。
第二种方式中，上述预设恒压根据储能单元与预设恒压的预设关系得到。
可选的，用电设备中可以预存或者从上位机等设备中获取上述储能单元与恒压电压的预设关系，并根据该映射关系查找储能单元对应的预设恒压，进而使用该预设恒压进行储能单元充电控制。
第三种方式中，上述预设恒压根据实时参数与预设恒压的预设对应关系得到。
其中，上述实时参数包括充电电压、电流、容量中的至少一项。
可选的，用电设备中可以预存或者从上位机等设备中获取上述实时参数与预设恒压的预设对应关系，以及当前实时的充电电压、电流以及容量值，进而，基于实时参数与预设恒压的预设对应关系，以及当前实时的充电电压、电流以及容量值，查找出预设恒压。
第四种方式中，上述预设恒压为一预设的固定值。
可选的，本申请实施例还提供一种可读存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有指令，当其在储能模块上运行时，使得储能模块执行如上述图4至图6所示实施例的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种程序产品，所述程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序存储在存储介质中，至少一个控制单元可以从所述存储介质读取所述计算机程序，所述至少一个控制单元执行所述计算机程序时可实现上述图4至图6所示实施例的方法。
在本申请实施例中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系；在公式中，字符“/”，表示前后关联对象是一种“相除”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b，或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，a-b，a-c，b-c，或a-b-c，其中，a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
可以理解的是，在本申请实施例中涉及的各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请实施例的范围。
可以理解的是，在本发明的实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于用电设备的储能模块，所述储能模块包括：直流-直流DCDC单元和储能单元，所述用电设备还包括输入源和负载，所述输入源分别与所述储能模块以及所述负载连接，并分别向所述储能模块以及所述负载供电；
    所述方法包括：
    获取所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压；
    根据所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压以及所述DCDC单元的输入端口的预设恒压，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数，所述充电参数所反映的充电电量与所述负载的充电电量之和等于所述输入源的最大输出电量；
    向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电时，基于如下至少一项，使得所述DCDC单元的输入端口的输入电压与所述预设恒压的差值维持在预设范围内：
    所述输入源的内阻、所述DCDC单元的输入端口与所述输入源之间的线路阻抗、所述DCDC单元的主动限制储能模块充电功率。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压以及所述DCDC单元的输入端口的预设恒压，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数，包括：
    确定所述采样电压与所述预设恒压的电压差值；
    根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数，包括：
    若所述采样电压与所述预设恒压的电压差值为正值，则确定所述充电参数大于所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的上一周期的充电参数。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数，包括：
    若所述采样电压与所述预设恒压的电压差值为负值，则确定所述充电参数大于所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的上一周期的充电参数。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数，包括：
    根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元向所述储能单元的目标充电电流；
    将所述目标充电电流作为所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元向所述储能单元的目标充电电流，包括：
    基于所述电压差值以及所述储能模块的阻抗，确定所述目标充电电流。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电，包括：
    根据所述目标充电电流以及所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电流确定向所述储能单元充电的脉冲宽度调制PWM占空比；
    使用所述PWM占空比向所述储能单元充电。
  9. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数，包括：
    根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元向所述储能单元的目标充电电压；
    将所述目标充电电压作为所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电，包括：
    根据所述目标充电电压以及所述DCDC单元的输入端口的采样电压确定向所述储能单元充电的脉冲宽度调制PWM占空比；
    使用所述PWM占空比向所述储能单元充电。
  11. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数，包括：
    根据所述电压差值，确定所述DCDC单元向所述储能单元充电的PWM占空比；
    将所述PWM占空比作为所述DCDC单元对所述储能单元的充电参数。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电，包括：
    使用所述PWM占空比向所述储能单元充电。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电，包括：
    基于闭环控制，向所述储能单元以所述充电参数所反映的充电电量充电。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设恒压为预设时间或预设工况内的恒压。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设恒压由上位机通过通信命令指示得到，或者，所述预设恒压根据储能单元与预设恒压的预设对应关系得到，或者，所述预设恒压根据实时参数与预设恒压的预设对应关系得到，所述实时参数包括充电电压、电流、容量中的至少一项，或者，所述预设恒压为一预设值。
  16. 一种储能模块，其特征在于，包括：直流-直流DCDC单元和储能单元，所述DCDC单元用于使用权利要求1-15任一项所述的方法为所述储能单元供电。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的储能模块，其特征在于，所述DCDC单元包括：DCDC功率电路、辅助电路、通信电路以及控制单元。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的储能模块，其特征在于，所述控制单元包括：采样单元、计算单元以及保护单元。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的储能模块，其特征在于，所述辅助电路包括：采样电路、驱动电路以及控制电路。
  20. 根据权利要求16-19任一项所述的储能模块，其特征在于，所述储能单元包括电芯包。
  21. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括：输入源、负载以及至少一个如权利要求16-20 任一项所述的储能模块。
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