WO2016143350A1 - 拡散板 - Google Patents
拡散板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016143350A1 WO2016143350A1 PCT/JP2016/001352 JP2016001352W WO2016143350A1 WO 2016143350 A1 WO2016143350 A1 WO 2016143350A1 JP 2016001352 W JP2016001352 W JP 2016001352W WO 2016143350 A1 WO2016143350 A1 WO 2016143350A1
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- diffusion plate
- microlenses
- diffusion
- microlens
- shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
- G02B3/0056—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
- G02B3/0043—Inhomogeneous or irregular arrays, e.g. varying shape, size, height
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/48—Laser speckle optics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0215—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having a regular structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0221—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having an irregular structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0284—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in reflection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diffusion plate.
- Diffusion plates using microlens arrays are used as screens for head-up displays and laser projectors.
- the microlens array is used, there is an advantage that speckle noise of the laser beam can be suppressed as compared with a case where a diffusion plate such as milk half-plate file glass is used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an image forming apparatus having a diffusion plate that uses a laser projector as a light source and projects a video formed by an array of a plurality of pixels and a microlens array in which a plurality of microlenses are arrayed.
- a microlens array When a microlens array is used, incident light can be appropriately diffused, and a necessary diffusion angle can be freely designed.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 and Non-Patent Document 1 describe screens using two microlens arrays. When only one microlens array is used, luminance unevenness and color unevenness are likely to occur. Patent Documents 2 and 3 and Non-Patent Document 1 describe that the occurrence of such luminance unevenness can be suppressed by using two microlens arrays.
- Patent Document 3 describes that a single microlens array in which microlenses having different characteristics are arranged can suppress the occurrence of luminance unevenness due to diffracted light and interference light generated by a periodic structure. .
- Patent Document 4 a piston shape (raised portion) having a vertical side surface is provided on a microlens, or at least one of parameters defining the shape or position of a fine structure is randomly distributed according to a predetermined probability density function.
- a method for improving luminance unevenness and color unevenness caused by diffraction spots due to the periodicity of the fine structure is described.
- JP 2010-145745 A JP 2012-226300 A Special Table 2007-523369 JP-T-2004-505306
- Patent Document 3 does not describe a specific shape or arrangement of microlenses that can suppress the occurrence of luminance unevenness. Also, in order to make the color unevenness and brightness unevenness uniform, for example, when a random distribution is given to a plurality of parameters such as the curvature and arrangement position of the microlens at the same time, when the diffusion plate is used for a screen, for example, when an image is projected There is a problem that the image quality deteriorates, such as a feeling of graininess becoming stronger.
- Patent Document 4 the generation of diffracted light and interference light is suppressed by raising a plurality of microlenses with piston shapes having different heights from the main surface of the substrate and giving different phase differences to the plurality of microlenses, respectively. ing. Then, by using a microlens having a plurality of radii of curvature, it is intended to obtain uniform diffusion characteristics as the entire diffusion plate. However, when this is used for a screen, there is a problem that the appearance quality of the image deteriorates, for example, the so-called graininess becomes stronger when the image is projected.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and provides a diffusion plate having a simple configuration capable of obtaining optical characteristics with less luminance unevenness and color unevenness and good appearance quality when an image is projected.
- the purpose is to do.
- the diffusion plate of the present invention is A diffusion plate having a substantially uniform intensity of diffused light within a desired diffusion angle range in which a plurality of fine structures having two or more types of lens functions are arranged on the main surface,
- P the average pitch of the plurality of microstructures
- Sk the standard deviation of the relative luminance in the front direction of each of the plurality of microstructures
- the absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic is initially 0.02 [a. u. / Deg] or the absolute value of the absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic in the angle range on the inner side of the wider angle of the angle at which the absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic first becomes the minimum point, whichever is wider 0.08 [a. u. / Deg] or less and an average absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic is 0.04 [a. u. / Deg] or less.
- the plurality of microstructures are microlenses, and the shape of the bottom surface of the microlens is a polygonal shape. It is preferable.
- the plurality of microstructures are microlenses, the shape of the bottom surface of the microlens is a square or a hexagon, and the microlenses are periodically arranged. It is preferable.
- the diffusion plate is a transmission type diffusion plate
- the plurality of microstructures are convex shapes
- the difference between the maximum height and the minimum height of the convex surfaces of the plurality of fine structures from the main surface is ⁇ H [ ⁇ m]
- the refractive index of the fine structures is n
- the wavelength of incident light is ⁇ [nm].
- the diffusion plate is a transmission type diffusion plate,
- the plurality of microstructures are concave;
- the difference between the maximum depth and the minimum depth of the vertices of the concave surfaces of the plurality of fine structures from the main surface is ⁇ D [ ⁇ m]
- the refractive index of the fine structures is n
- the wavelength of incident light is ⁇ [nm].
- the diffuser is a reflective diffuser
- the plurality of microstructures are convex shapes, When the difference between the maximum height and the minimum height from the principal surface of the convex surface of the plurality of fine structures is ⁇ H [ ⁇ m] and the wavelength of incident light is ⁇ [nm], 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ H ⁇ 1000 / ⁇ It is preferable to satisfy this relationship.
- the diffuser is a reflective diffuser
- the plurality of microstructures are concave;
- the difference between the maximum depth and the minimum depth from the principal surface of the vertices of the concave surfaces of the plurality of fine structures is ⁇ D [ ⁇ m] and the wavelength of incident light is ⁇ [nm], 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ D ⁇ 1000 / ⁇ It is preferable to satisfy this relationship.
- a plurality of microlenses are arranged on the main surface of the diffusion plate,
- the cross-sectional shapes perpendicular to the main surface of the plurality of microlenses are different from each other and do not have an axis of symmetry,
- a diffusing plate having a simple configuration capable of obtaining optical characteristics with less luminance unevenness and color unevenness and good appearance quality when an image is projected.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional profile of a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the diffusion plate according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a shape on a main surface of the diffusion plate according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing steps of a method for manufacturing a diffusion plate according to Embodiment 1.
- 4 is a flowchart showing a design process of the microlens array according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing cross-sectional profiles of a plurality of reference microlenses according to Embodiment 1.
- 4 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional profile of a phase modulation shape according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of a diffusion plate mold according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a laser microscope observation image of a stamper used for manufacturing a diffusion plate according to Example 1. It is a figure which shows the transmission image observation result of the projector using the diffuser plate which concerns on Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the transmission image observation result of the projector using the diffuser plate which concerns on Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the transmission image observation result of the projector using the diffuser plate which concerns on Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the diffusion angle distribution characteristic of the diffusion plate which concerns on Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the diffusion angle distribution of the diffusion plate which concerns on Example 1, and the absolute value of the inclination.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional profile of a cross section perpendicular to the main surface S1 of the diffusion plate 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the diffusing plate 1 is a light diffusing plate in which a plurality of microlenses 2 are arranged on the main surface S1 of the substrate.
- the plurality of microlenses 2 are arranged in a lattice pattern on the main surface S1.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 1 indicates the height from the main surface S1 of the lens shape, where the height of the main surface S1 of the substrate is zero.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 1 indicates a position in a direction parallel to the main surface S1. Note that the optical axis of the microlens array composed of the plurality of microlenses 2 faces the direction perpendicular to the main surface S1.
- the cross-sectional shapes perpendicular to the main surface S1 of the plurality of microlenses 2 are different from each other and do not have an axis of symmetry.
- the surface shape in each cross section of the plurality of microlenses 2 is composed only of a curve.
- the vertices of the plurality of microlenses 2 have different positions in the direction perpendicular to the main surface S1.
- FIG. 2 shows a microlens array having a unit area of about 450 ⁇ m ⁇ 480 ⁇ m.
- the unit plate is spread over the main surface S1 of the substrate to form the diffusion plate 1.
- the vertical axis and horizontal axis in FIG. 2 represent coordinates on the main surface S1, and the height from the main surface S1 is represented by a difference in color.
- the plurality of microlenses 2 are arranged in a rectangular lattice shape, but the lattice shape is not limited to a rectangular lattice, but a square lattice, a regular triangular lattice, an oblique lattice, a parallel lattice, etc. May be used.
- the shape of the bottom surface of the plurality of microlenses 2 is not limited to a rectangle such as a square or a rectangle, and may be a quadrangle, a hexagon, or another polygon.
- the plurality of microlenses 2 are preferably arranged periodically on the main surface S1.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the manufacturing method of the diffusion plate 1.
- the manufacturing method of the diffusing plate 1 includes a step of designing a microlens array that exhibits desired light diffusion characteristics (ST100), a step of manufacturing a mold for the microlens array (ST200), A step of transferring the shape of the microlens array to the resin using a mold (ST300).
- ST100 desired light diffusion characteristics
- ST200 a mold for the microlens array
- ST300 A step of transferring the shape of the microlens array to the resin using a mold
- a microlens array design process (ST100) in designing the diffusion plate 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the design is divided into the shape of the reference microlens 3 (FIG. 5) and the phase modulation shape 4 (FIG. 6) that gives a phase difference to the reference microlens 3.
- the optical properties (especially the refractive index) and the wavelength used of the material used for the diffusion plate 1 and the required diffusion characteristics are determined (ST110).
- the shape of the reference microlens 3 is designed (ST120).
- the shape of the reference microlens 3 may be a spherical surface or an aspherical surface, as long as it satisfies the required diffusion characteristics. Any number of reference microlenses 3 may be used for designing the diffusing plate 1, but it is preferable to set the reference microlens 3 to a smaller number within a range satisfying necessary characteristics.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional profile of a microlens array in which spherical lenses having four types of curvature are arranged as an example of the shape of the reference microlens 3.
- the bottom surface of the reference microlens 3 preferably has a shape that can be filled in a close-packed shape such as a square, a rectangle, or a regular hexagon.
- a close-packed shape such as a square, a rectangle, or a regular hexagon.
- the arrangement of the reference microlenses 3 is determined (ST130). Specifically, the arrangement pattern and pitch of the reference microlenses 3 in the unit area on the main surface S1 are determined. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of microlenses having different shapes may be used. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable to arrange the reference microlenses 3 on the main surface S1 in a lattice pattern.
- Requirement pattern area can be filled by repeating unit area periodically.
- the unit area By setting the unit area to a larger area and disposing a plurality of types of unit areas at random, it is possible to effectively reduce luminance unevenness and color unevenness. Further, by repeating such unit areas, the amount of data required for processing can be suppressed, so that the effect of reducing the data creation load can also be obtained.
- data on the entire surface of the microlens array may be prepared in a lump.
- the pitch of the microlenses 2 and the degree of variation in lens characteristics set as the microlenses 2 are important. Therefore, it is preferable to design the lens shape and pitch so as to satisfy the following conditions.
- the pitch exceeds approximately 200 ⁇ m, the pattern can be visually recognized when used as a diffusion plate. For this reason, it is preferable to set the pitch P so that P ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
- a standard deviation Sk of relative luminance in the front direction of each microlens 2 is defined as a parameter representing the characteristics of the microlens 2 having a plurality of curvatures.
- the variation (standard deviation) of the relative front luminance in the front direction of the diffusion plate 1 is preferably 0.005 ⁇ Sk.
- the product of the square of the pitch P and the standard deviation Sk of the relative front luminance of the microlens 2 is preferably in the range of P ⁇ P ⁇ Sk ⁇ 400 [ ⁇ m 2 ].
- the value of P ⁇ P ⁇ Sk is small. It is preferable to reduce the value of P ⁇ P ⁇ Sk within a range where other optical characteristics such as luminance unevenness are allowed.
- the area of the fine structure group used for the calculation is important, and it is appropriate to make it near the lower limit of the resolution of the human eye. Accordingly, the area of the fine structure group is preferably selected from the range of 0.01 mm 2 (100 ⁇ m square) to 0.36 mm 2 (600 ⁇ m square), and 0.04 mm 2 (200 ⁇ m square) to 0.25 mm 2. It is more preferable to select from the range of (500 ⁇ m square).
- the standard deviation of the relative front luminance is given as an example of the parameter as a characteristic of the microlens array here, but it is not necessarily limited to only the luminance in the front direction, and it is an angle corresponding to the required viewing angle range. I just need it.
- the characteristics are defined from the viewpoint of luminance, according to the ray tracing concept, this is synonymous with the standard deviation of the area of the specific slope angle in each of the microlenses 2.
- the slope angle of the microlens 2 that contributes to the relative luminance in the front direction may be set to 0 to 0.5 degrees, and the area of each microlens 2 may be calculated. This area may be calculated not only from the design value but also as the area from the diffusion plate 1 using a laser microscope or the like.
- a diffusing plate consisting of a microlens array in which uniform microlenses are repeatedly arranged
- observing transmitted light by irradiating a laser light source or LED light source produces a diffraction spot according to the pitch, so that the light is evenly diffused. It cannot be said that it is functioning sufficiently as a diffusion plate.
- the diffraction spot is reduced compared to a microlens array made of a uniform microlens, but a diffraction spot still occurs. It is hard to say that it functions sufficiently as a diffusion plate.
- Patent Document 4 in order to reduce diffraction spots and diffusion unevenness due to diffraction, a lens having a raised portion is provided, or lenses having a plurality of curvature radii are randomly arranged. Due to these designs introduced to eliminate the diffraction spot, the transmitted light has a uniform diffusion characteristic when viewed macroscopically, but when the diffused light is viewed, a so-called graininess is strongly felt.
- the microlens constituting the microlens array is a spherical microlens having a bottom diameter of 100 ⁇ m, and the spherical radius of curvature has a uniform distribution in the range of about 100 to 250 ⁇ m. .
- the microlens array In order to reduce the effects of uneven brightness and diffraction, it is necessary to design the microlens array to be uniform, such as arranging microlenses with multiple radii of curvature or arranging microlenses randomly. . When used as a diffusing plate or a screen, it is necessary to suppress the non-uniformity within a certain range in order to improve the appearance quality while incorporating the non-uniformity into the microlens array.
- a phase modulation shape 4 that gives a phase difference is designed (ST140).
- the phase difference is expressed by standardizing the difference in optical path length of light transmitted through the microlens 2 or reflected by the microlens 2 with a wavelength.
- a phase modulation shape 4 is defined separately from the shape of the reference microlens 3.
- the phase modulation shape 4 can be generated based on, for example, an average pitch, a height difference, or the like, and may be generated by combining several sine waves.
- the phase difference is set randomly using a uniform random number for the plurality of microlenses 2 within the set phase difference range.
- a phase difference represented by one numerical value is set for each of the plurality of microlenses 2.
- the phase difference is discontinuous at the boundary of each microlens 2. Therefore, by averaging the phase differences of the plurality of microlenses 2 constituting the microlens array, a three-dimensional curved phase modulation shape 4 in which the phase differences continuously change is generated.
- An example of the shape of the phase modulation shape 4 is shown in FIG.
- the shape of a plurality of microlenses 2 in the finally formed microlens array is a shape obtained by combining the phase modulation shape 4 and the shapes of the plurality of reference microlenses 3. That is, by adding the phase modulation shape 4 as shown in FIG. 6 and the shapes of the plurality of reference microlenses 3 as shown in FIG. 5, a microlens array shape as shown in FIG. 1 is generated.
- the shape of the plurality of reference microlenses 3 shown in FIG. 5 is a microlens having an axis of symmetry.
- the phase modulation shape 4 in FIG. 6 is a continuously changing three-dimensional curved surface having no axis of symmetry. Therefore, in the cross section perpendicular to the main surface S1 of the microlens array obtained by adding the plurality of reference microlenses 3 and the phase modulation shapes 4 as shown in FIG. It has an asymmetric shape with no
- the cross-sections of the plurality of microlenses 2 are different from each other, and each has a non-symmetrical cross-section.
- the same lens since the same lens may exist by chance, there is no denying that the same microlens is present in the plurality of microlenses 2. Moreover, it is not denied that the same lens is intentionally arranged. If there are several identical microlenses, no major problem will occur. However, for example, it is not preferable to dispose the same lenses by more than 10% of the total number of the plurality of microlenses 2 in the microlens array because the characteristics such as luminance unevenness are affected.
- the optical characteristics of the diffusing plate 1 using a microlens array in which a plurality of microlenses 2 have asymmetric cross sections can be obtained from wave optical calculations based on scalar theory. Since there are a huge number of combinations of the optimum phase modulation shape 4 and the microlens array, it is preferable to search for the optimum combination by a computer.
- phase modulation shape 4 is characterized in that the shape continuously changes.
- the difference in height from the main surface S1 of the phase modulation shape 4 is a phase difference given to each of the plurality of microlenses 2.
- a phase difference is generated in each microlens 2 to improve luminance unevenness and color unevenness caused by diffraction.
- the phase difference between the plurality of microlenses 2 is the sum of the phase modulation shape 4 and the shape of the reference microlens 3, and the maximum height difference of the vertices of the plurality of microlenses 2 is ⁇ H [ ⁇ m].
- phase difference corresponding to the maximum height difference ⁇ H is 1000 ⁇ ⁇ H ⁇ (n ⁇ 1) / ⁇ , where n is the refractive index of the material constituting the microlens array and ⁇ [nm] is the wavelength of the light source to be used. It is expressed.
- the phase difference of the plurality of microlenses 2 needs to be set to 0.2 or more, and more preferably 0.5 or more.
- the light source when the light source is composed of a plurality of wavelengths, it may be calculated by representing the longest wavelength among the wavelengths used.
- the difference (maximum height difference) between the maximum height and the minimum height from the principal surface S1 of the vertices of the convex portions of the plurality of microlenses 2 is ⁇ H [ ⁇ m]
- the refractive index of the microlenses 2 is n
- the wavelength of the incident light Is ⁇ [nm] 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ H ⁇ (n ⁇ 1) ⁇ 1000 / ⁇ It is preferable to satisfy the relationship 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ H ⁇ (n ⁇ 1) ⁇ 1000 / ⁇ More preferably.
- a transmissive convex lens has been described as an example, but the case where the diffusing plate 1 is a transmissive diffusing plate and the plurality of microlenses 2 are concave lenses is considered.
- the difference ⁇ D [ ⁇ m] between the maximum depth and the minimum depth from the main surface S1 of the concave surfaces of the plurality of microlenses 2 may be considered.
- the difference between the maximum depth and the minimum depth from the principal surface S1 of the vertexes of the concave surfaces of the plurality of microlenses 2 is ⁇ D [ ⁇ m]
- the refractive index of the microlenses 2 is n
- the wavelength of incident light is ⁇ [nm].
- the diffusion plate 1 is a reflection type diffusion plate and the plurality of microlenses 2 are convex lenses.
- the diffusion pattern formed on the surface does not transmit light, so strictly speaking, it is not a lens, but the lens-shaped uneven shape is also referred to as “microlens” in this specification. Will be described.
- the incident light is reflected by the surface of the microlens array having a distribution in the height of the apexes of the convex portions of the plurality of microlenses 2, thereby causing an optical path difference, and there is a phase difference between each of the plurality of microlenses 2.
- the phase difference corresponding to the difference ⁇ H between the maximum height and the minimum height from the principal surface S1 of the vertices of the convex portions of the plurality of microlenses 2 is expressed as 1000 ⁇ 2 ⁇ H / ⁇ .
- the phase difference needs to be set to 0.2 or more, and more preferably 0.5 or more, as in the case of the transmission type.
- the diffusion plate 1 is a reflection type diffusion plate and the plurality of microlenses 2 are concave lenses.
- a transmission type concave lens can be used in place of ⁇ H instead of the difference ⁇ D between the maximum depth and the minimum depth from the main surface S1 of the concave portions of the microlenses 2. It is the same as the case of using.
- the maximum height difference ⁇ H may be set over the entire pattern area of the microlens array, or the maximum height difference ⁇ H is determined in a certain unit area and is repeated periodically or randomly. May be.
- a method of processing a microlens array from design data many processing methods such as machining, photolithography using a mask, maskless lithography, etching, and laser ablation can be used.
- a mold is manufactured using these techniques, and a resin is molded using the mold to manufacture the diffusion plate 1 made of a microlens array.
- a mold may be used as a direct reflection type diffusion plate.
- the method for forming the diffusion plate 1 may be appropriately selected from a number of molding methods such as roll-to-roll molding, hot press molding, molding using an ultraviolet curable resin, and injection molding.
- a reflective film such as Al may be formed on the lens surface having the curvature of the microlens array.
- Maskless lithography includes a resist coating step (ST210) for applying a photoresist on a substrate, an exposure step (ST220) for exposing a fine pattern to the photoresist, and a master having a fine pattern by developing the exposed photoresist. Development step (ST230) to obtain
- a positive type photoresist is coated on the substrate.
- the film thickness of the photoresist coating film only needs to be greater than the height of the fine pattern to be formed.
- the coating film is preferably subjected to a baking treatment at 70 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the photoresist is exposed by irradiating the photoresist coated in the coating step while scanning with a laser beam.
- the wavelength of the laser beam may be selected according to the type of the photoresist. For example, 351 nm, 364 nm, 458 nm, 488 nm (Ar + laser oscillation wavelength), 351 nm, 406 nm, 413 nm (Kr + laser oscillation wavelength), 352 nm, 442 nm (He—Cd laser oscillation wavelength), 355 nm, 473 nm (semiconductor excitation solid laser pulse oscillation wavelength), 375 nm, 405 nm, 445 nm, 488 nm (semiconductor laser), or the like can be selected.
- the laser beam is scanned on the resist while the laser power is modulated to a value determined by the shape of the microlens 2 and the resist sensitivity.
- the laser beam is focused on the resist.
- the laser spot on the resist is generally a Gaussian distribution having a finite diameter. For this reason, even if the laser power is changed stepwise, the light amount distribution exposed to the resist is not stepped, but becomes a light amount distribution having a constant inclination. By utilizing such properties of laser exposure, a smooth slope shape can be formed.
- the adjacent microlens 2 is irradiated in the exposure process. What is necessary is just to enlarge the difference of a laser power. However, if the difference in laser power is made too large, the area where the lens shape near the boundary between adjacent microlenses 2 deviates from the design value increases. Therefore, in order to obtain the same diffusion angle distribution as the optical design result, it is preferable to keep the height difference between the adjacent microlenses 2 within a certain range.
- the maximum height difference ⁇ H of the microlens array is the sum of the maximum height difference of the phase modulation shape 4 and the height difference caused by the shape difference of each of the plurality of reference microlenses 3. If the phase difference normalized by the wavelength described above is set to 1, the average of the phase differences between the plurality of microlenses 2 is 0.5. Thereby, since the plurality of microlenses 2 on the diffusion plate 1 have a phase difference of 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength on average, it is preferable because diffracted light can be suppressed.
- the exposed photoresist is developed.
- Development of the photoresist can be carried out by various known methods. There is no restriction
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- the photoresist is removed according to the exposure amount, and a fine pattern shape of the photoresist is formed.
- the exposure step (ST220) when a positive resist is used and exposure is performed with laser power corresponding to the shape of the concave lens, a master disk of the microlens 2 in which the concave lens shape is formed on the photoresist is obtained.
- a metal film is formed on the photoresist surface having a fine pattern formed by the exposure process and the development process in maskless lithography by vapor deposition of nickel metal or the like. Make it.
- the electroforming step (ST240) first, a conductive treatment is performed on the photoresist surface having a fine pattern by vapor deposition of nickel metal or the like. Next, nickel is deposited in a plate shape to a desired thickness on the surface of the nickel vapor deposition film by electroforming.
- a mold in which a convex lens shape is formed by reversing and transferring the concave lens shape on the photoresist. ) Is obtained. If a concave lens shape is required, the electroforming process may be performed once again.
- the resin molding step (ST300) the resin is molded using the stamper formed in the mold manufacturing step (ST200).
- an appropriate amount of a photo-curing resin is applied to the surface of the stamper.
- a base material is put on the photocurable resin. Specifically, the base material is covered on the photo-curing resin while scraping off the extra photo-curing resin while pressing the base material against the photo-curing resin with a hand roller.
- ultraviolet light is irradiated from the substrate side to cure the photocurable resin.
- the base material is made of a material that can transmit light such as ultraviolet light.
- the substrate is peeled from the stamper. On the base material peeled from the stamper, a layer of a photo-curing resin is formed. Then, the structure of the stamper is inverted and transferred to the photo-curing resin layer.
- an aluminum reflection film may be vacuum-deposited on the surface of the member on which the microlens array is formed, and incident light may be reflected by the aluminum surface.
- the microlens array is a member formed only on one side of the substrate, it may be configured such that light enters from the plane side of the substrate and is reflected by the microlens array surface on which an aluminum reflective film is formed.
- a configuration in which light is incident from the surface of the microlens array on which no reflective film is formed and the light is reflected on the plane side on which the reflective film is formed can also be used as the diffusion plate 1.
- the substrate is formed with a microlens array on both sides, and the thickness of the reflective film on the incident side is adjusted to form a half mirror, and the film thickness on the back side is adjusted so that the reflectance is almost 100%. Accordingly, it is possible to form a diffusion plate using two microlens arrays on both the front and back surfaces. Moreover, you may coat a protective layer in order to protect an aluminum reflective film as needed.
- a phase difference is given to each of the plurality of microlenses 2, and the plurality of microlenses 2 are formed on the substrate by making the phase modulation shape 4 that gives the phase difference a continuous shape.
- the cross section perpendicular to the main surface S1 does not have a rotational symmetry axis like a general lens or a symmetry axis like a toroidal lens, and has an asymmetric cross section.
- a microlens array composed of a plurality of microlenses 2 having an asymmetric cross section
- adjacent microlenses 2 are smoothly connected.
- the appearance quality of the diffusion plate 1 can be improved by reducing the scattered light at the connection portion between the adjacent microlenses 2.
- a phase difference is given to each of the plurality of microlenses 2, when the pitch of the microlenses 2 is reduced to several hundred ⁇ m or less, luminance unevenness and color unevenness due to diffraction and interference can be reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a diffusion plate that achieves both optical characteristics with less luminance unevenness and color unevenness and good appearance quality.
- the microlens array composed of the plurality of microlenses 2 on the main surface S1 was divided into the phase modulation shape 4 and the plurality of reference microlenses 3 and designed.
- the phase modulation shape 4 was set for the entire microlens array.
- a uniform random number corresponding to each position of the plurality of microlenses 2 is generated, and a raised height (raised portion) for giving a phase difference is set.
- the phase difference between adjacent microlenses 2 becomes discontinuous only by setting different raised heights for each of the plurality of microlenses 2. Therefore, a continuous phase modulation shape 4 is generated by moving average processing the raised heights set for each of the plurality of microlenses 2.
- FIG. 6 shows a part of the designed phase modulation shape 4 extracted.
- the lens shape of the reference microlens 3 may be a general rotationally symmetric shape.
- the cross section of the reference microlens 3 is expressed by the following formula (1).
- C is a curvature [1 / ⁇ m]
- K is a conical coefficient
- r is a distance from the central axis
- z is a sag amount based on the intersection of the central axis and the lens surface.
- the cross-sectional shape of the reference microlens 3 used in the diffusion plate 1 of the present embodiment is represented by the following formula (2).
- the reference microlens 3 is a toroidal lens having a rectangular bottom surface, and curvatures are defined in the X direction and the Y direction, respectively.
- the distance in the X direction from r x is the central axis
- r y is the distance in the Y direction from the central axis
- the curvature of the C x is the X direction (XZ plane) [1 / [mu] m] and is
- C y is the curvature in the Y-direction [1 / ⁇ m]
- cone conical coefficient K x is X direction (XZ plane) (XZ plane) (XZ plane)
- K y is the Y direction (YZ plane) It is a coefficient.
- the plurality of reference microlenses 3 have four types of curvature radii in the X direction and three types of curvature radii in the Y direction.
- a total of 12 types of reference microlenses 3 that combine the curvature radii in the X direction and the Y direction are randomly selected using uniform random numbers and arranged on the main surface S1.
- the standard deviation (Sk) of relative front luminance of the plurality of microlenses 2 is simply defined as follows using the concept of ray tracing.
- Zx (rx) -Cx * rx ⁇ 2 / (1 + sqrt (1- (Kx + 1) * Cx ⁇ 2 * rx ⁇ 2)
- dZx (rx) / dx ⁇ Cx ⁇ rx / sqrt (1 ⁇ (Kx + 1) ⁇ Cx ⁇ 2 ⁇ rx ⁇ 2)
- the front luminance of 1 ⁇ n pieces of each lens handled by the microlens array design When I 1 ⁇ I n, by using the average value of I n Avg (I 1 ⁇ I n), the average front in each lens
- ⁇ 0.5 [degree] is set as the lens slope angle that contributes to the luminance in the front direction.
- the shape of the plurality of microlenses 2 in the microlens array is the sum of the phase modulation shape 4 and the shape of the plurality of reference microlenses 3.
- the shape of the plurality of microlenses 2 constituting the microlens array is a shape in which a reference microlens 3 having a plurality of symmetry axes and a phase modulation shape 4 having no symmetry axes or symmetry points are overlapped. For this reason, each of the plurality of microlenses 2 constituting the microlens array has an asymmetric cross section.
- the entire micro lens array area of about 60 mm ⁇ 80 mm on the surface of the diffusion plate 1 was designed (ST100).
- a stamper having a microlens array shape having a plurality of convex lenses was obtained through the above-described mold manufacturing process (ST200).
- FIG. 8 shows an observation image of the lens shape of this stamper with a confocal laser microscope. In FIG. 8, it can be confirmed that a plurality of convex lens shapes having a phase difference are formed.
- a diffusion plate 1 was produced by using a polycarbonate film having a thickness of 0.3 mm as a base material and pouring an acrylic photocurable resin having a refractive index of 1.52 between the stamper and the base material.
- FIG. 9A to 9C show a case where a white image is projected onto the diffuser plate 1 according to the present embodiment obtained by molding by a projector using an LED light source, and an image obtained by reflecting transmitted light with a concave mirror is again applied to the glass surface. This is a result of reflection and imaging with a digital camera.
- FIG. 9A shows the result of projecting an image on the diffusion plate 1 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9B shows the result of projecting an image on the diffusion plate according to Comparative Example 1.
- the diffusion plate according to Comparative Example 1 was designed using the same design method as in this example.
- Is a pitch of 32 ⁇ m, an aspheric lens (K y ⁇ 0.45), and the radius of curvature R y [ ⁇ m] is 28.2, 31.2, 34.6.
- FIG. 9C shows the result of projecting an image on the diffusion plate according to Comparative Example 2.
- the diffusion plate according to Comparative Example 2 was designed using the same design method as in this example.
- Is a pitch of 60 ⁇ m, an aspheric lens (K y ⁇ 0.45), and the radius of curvature R y [ ⁇ m] is 58.5, 57.9, 65.8.
- the diffusion characteristic was measured using a luminance meter (BM-7 manufactured by Topcon Technohouse), a gonio stage, and a white LED parallel light source (LTCL23 manufactured by Opto Engineering).
- a light source is installed on the gonio stage, and the luminance meter is opposed to a position 500 mm away from it.
- the diffusion plate is installed at a position 10 mm away from the light source, and the diffusion characteristic (luminance value at each angle) is measured.
- the light from the light source was incident perpendicular to the pattern surface of the diffusion plate.
- the measurement angle of the luminance meter is set to 0.2 degrees, and the gonio stage is moved in increments of 1 degree to perform measurement within a necessary angle range. This time, it measured in the range of ⁇ 30 degrees.
- FIG. 10 shows the measurement results of the diffusion characteristics of the diffusion plate 1 according to this example.
- the H direction represents the horizontal direction of the diffusion plate 1
- the V direction represents the vertical direction of the diffusion plate 1.
- a profile in the H direction with a wide full width at half maximum is selected, normalized using the value of the front luminance, and the absolute value of the slope of the normalized profile in the H direction calculated therefrom is shown in FIG. Show.
- the absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic is initially 0.02 [a. u. / Deg] or the absolute value of the absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic and the average value are calculated in the range inside the angle at which the absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic or the absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic approaches zero.
- the maximum absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic is 0.026 [a. u. / Deg]
- the average value of the absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic within the range is 0.0010 [a. u. / Deg]. From this, it can be seen that the diffusion characteristics are sufficiently uniform, and the graininess is improved as the appearance quality.
- FIG. 12 shows the measured diffusion characteristics of a diffusion plate molded using the stamper.
- Sk standard deviation of the relative front luminance described above.
- a microlens array in which the same microlenses are repeated, it can be seen that a large unevenness occurs in diffusion characteristics due to diffraction spots. For this reason, in a microlens array comprising the same microlens, luminance unevenness is large and it is difficult to use it as a diffusion plate.
- Patent Document 4 a stamper having a microlens array in which a raised portion was provided on a microlens was manufactured.
- the microlens shape and arrangement were the same as those shown in FIG. Since the microlens array is raised by the raised portion, this microlens array also has a standard deviation Sk of each microlens of zero.
- the diffusion characteristics of the diffusion plate manufactured from this stamper are shown in FIG. Compared with the microlens array formed of the same microlens in FIG. 12, luminance unevenness due to diffraction spots is suppressed.
- the average absolute value of the slope of the diffusion characteristics is 0.042 [a. u. / Deg]
- the maximum value of the slope of the diffusion characteristic is 0.084 [a. u. / Deg], which is not uniform and has large luminance unevenness and cannot be used as a diffusion plate.
- the microlenses 2 arranged on the diffusion plate 1 are not limited to transmissive lenses.
- a light diffusing pattern having a concavo-convex shape similar to that of the microlens 2 may be formed in a lattice shape similarly to the microlens 2.
- a plurality of fine structures having a lens function may be arranged on the diffusion plate 1 instead of the plurality of microlenses 2.
- the fine structure having a lens function may be, for example, one that refracts light by forming a refractive index distribution with a sub-wavelength fine structure.
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Abstract
Description
主面に2種類以上のレンズ機能を有する複数の微細構造体が配列された、所望の拡散角度範囲内の拡散光の強度が略均一な拡散板であって、
前記複数の微細構造体の平均ピッチをPとし、前記複数の微細構造体の各々の正面方向の相対輝度の標準偏差をSkとするときに、P≦200[μm]かつSk≧0.005であり、P×P×Sk≦400[μm2]を満たす、
ことを特徴とする。
前記所望の拡散角度範囲内の拡散光の強度が、正面方向の輝度値で規格化した拡散特性の角度に対する拡散プロファイルにおいて、最大値の半分の強度になる半値角度より内側を見たときに、前記拡散特性の傾きの絶対値が最初に0.02[a.u./deg]以下になる角度又は前記拡散特性の傾きの絶対値が最初に極小点となる角度のいずれか広い方の角度よりも内側の角度範囲において、前記拡散特性の傾きの絶対値の最大値が0.08[a.u./deg]以下で、かつ、前記拡散特性の傾きの絶対値の平均値が0.04[a.u./deg]以下となる
ことが好ましい。
前記複数の微細構造体がマイクロレンズであって、前記マイクロレンズの底面の形状が多角形状である、
ことが好ましい。
前記複数の微細構造体がマイクロレンズであって、前記マイクロレンズの底面の形状が四角形又は六角形であり、前記マイクロレンズが周期的に配列されている、
ことが好ましい。
当該拡散板は透過型の拡散板であり、
前記複数の微細構造体は凸形状であり、
前記複数の微細構造体の凸面の頂点の前記主面からの最大高さと最小高さとの差をΔH[μm]、前記微細構造体の屈折率をn、入射光の波長をλ[nm]としたとき、
0.2≦ΔH×(n-1)×1000/λ
の関係を満たす
ことが好ましい。
当該拡散板は透過型の拡散板であり、
前記複数の微細構造体は凹形状であり、
前記複数の微細構造体の凹面の頂点の前記主面からの最大深さと最小深さとの差をΔD[μm]、前記微細構造体の屈折率をn、入射光の波長をλ[nm]としたとき、
0.2≦ΔD×(n-1)×1000/λ
の関係を満たす
ことが好ましい。
当該拡散板は反射型の拡散板であり、
前記複数の微細構造体は凸形状であり、
前記複数の微細構造体の凸面の頂点の前記主面からの最大高さと最小高さとの差をΔH[μm]、入射光の波長をλ[nm]としたとき、
0.1≦ΔH×1000/λ
の関係を満たす
ことが好ましい。
当該拡散板は反射型の拡散板であり、
前記複数の微細構造体が凹形状であり、
前記複数の微細構造体の凹面の頂点の前記主面からの最大深さと最小深さの差をΔD[μm]、入射光の波長をλ[nm]としたとき、
0.1≦ΔD×1000/λ
の関係を満たす
ことが好ましい。
前記拡散板の主面に複数のマイクロレンズが配列されており、
前記複数のマイクロレンズの前記主面に垂直な断面の形状は、互いに異なっているとともに、対称軸を有さず、
前記複数のマイクロレンズの平均ピッチをPとし、各々のマイクロレンズの正面方向の相対輝度の標準偏差をSkとするとき、P≦200[μm]かつSk≧0.005であり、P×P×Sk≦400[μm2]を満たす、
ことが好ましい。
以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
図1は、本実施の形態に係る拡散板1の主面S1に垂直な断面の断面プロファイルを示す図である。図1に示すように、拡散板1は、基板の主面S1に複数のマイクロレンズ2が配列された光拡散板である。複数のマイクロレンズ2は主面S1上に格子状に配列されている。図1の縦軸は、基板の主面S1の高さを0として、レンズ形状の主面S1からの高さを示している。図1の横軸は、主面S1に平行な方向の位置を示している。なお、複数のマイクロレンズ2により構成されるマイクロレンズアレイの光軸は主面S1に垂直な方向を向いている。
以下、各工程を順に説明する。
図4を用いて、本実施の形態の拡散板1の設計におけるマイクロレンズアレイ設計工程(ST100)について説明する。本実施の形態では、基準マイクロレンズ3の形状(図5)と、基準マイクロレンズ3に位相差を与える位相変調形状4(図6)と、に分けて設計する。
拡散板1として用いられるマイクロレンズアレイには、さまざまな形態が考えられる。
マイクロレンズアレイを用いた透過型拡散板について具体的に説明する。まず、図6に示すように、位相変調形状4は連続的に形状が変化していることが特徴である。位相変調形状4の主面S1からの高低差が、複数のマイクロレンズ2にそれぞれ与えられる位相差となる。
0.2≦ΔH×(n-1)×1000/λ
の関係を満たすことが好ましく、
0.5≦ΔH×(n-1)×1000/λ
とすることがさらに好ましい。
0.2≦ΔD×(n-1)×1000/λ
の関係を満たすことが好ましく、
0.5≦ΔD×(n-1)×1000/λ
とすることがさらに好ましい。
0.1≦ΔH×1000/λ
の関係を満たすことが好ましく、
0.25≦ΔH×1000/λ
とすることがさらに好ましい。
0.1≦ΔD×1000/λ
の関係を満たすことが好ましく、
0.25≦ΔD×1000/λ
とすることがさらに好ましい。
以下、レーザ走査型のマスクレスリソグラフィと電鋳により金型を作製する金型作製工程(ST200)と、その金型と紫外線硬化性樹脂を用いた成形により拡散板1を成形する樹脂成形工程(ST300)と、について図3及び図7を参照しながらより詳細に説明する。
Z(rx,ry)=Zx(rx)+Zy(ry) ・・・(3)
Zx(rx)=-Cx×rx^2/(1+sqrt(1-(Kx+1)×Cx^2×rx^2) ・・・(4)
dZx(rx)/dx=-Cx×rx/sqrt(1-(Kx+1)×Cx^2×rx^2) ・・・(5)
Ax=tanθ=dZx(rx)/dx ・・・(6)
Rx=Ax/(Cx×sqrt(1+Ax^2×(1+Kx)) ・・・(7)
S=Rx×Ry ・・・(8)
in=In/Avg(I1~In) ・・・(9)
Sk=stdev(i1~in) ・・・(10)
拡散特性の計測は、輝度計(トプコンテクノハウス社製BM-7)、ゴニオステージ、及び白色LED平行光源(Opto Engineering社製LTCL23)を用いて行った。
次に従来技術の拡散特性の均一性についても計測した。まず、レンズ底面が正六角形で、レンズ幅20μm(最長対角は23μm)、レンズ断面が球面形状を持ち、その曲率半径が約20μmであるマイクロレンズが最密に充填(レンズ間のスペースが無い)されたマイクロレンズアレイを持つ、スタンパを製造した。
2 マイクロレンズ
3 基準マイクロレンズ
4 位相変調形状
Claims (9)
- 主面に2種類以上のレンズ機能を有する複数の微細構造体が配列された、所望の拡散角度範囲内の拡散光の強度が略均一な拡散板であって、
前記複数の微細構造体の平均ピッチをPとし、前記複数の微細構造体の各々の正面方向の相対輝度の標準偏差をSkとするときに、P≦200[μm]かつSk≧0.005であり、P×P×Sk≦400[μm2]を満たす、
ことを特徴とする拡散板。 - 前記所望の拡散角度範囲内の拡散光の強度が、正面方向の輝度値で規格化した拡散特性の角度に対する拡散プロファイルにおいて、最大値の半分の強度になる半値角度より内側を見たときに、前記拡散特性の傾きの絶対値が最初に0.02[a.u./deg]以下になる角度又は前記拡散特性の傾きの絶対値が最初に極小点となる角度のいずれか広い方の角度よりも内側の角度範囲において、前記拡散特性の傾きの絶対値の最大値が0.08[a.u./deg]以下で、かつ、前記拡散特性の傾きの絶対値の平均値が0.04[a.u./deg]以下となる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡散板。 - 前記複数の微細構造体がマイクロレンズであって、前記マイクロレンズの底面の形状が多角形状である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の拡散板。 - 前記複数の微細構造体がマイクロレンズであって、前記マイクロレンズの底面の形状が四角形又は六角形であり、前記マイクロレンズが周期的に配列されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の拡散板。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の拡散板であって、
当該拡散板は透過型の拡散板であり、
前記複数の微細構造体は凸形状であり、
前記複数の微細構造体の凸面の頂点の前記主面からの最大高さと最小高さとの差をΔH[μm]、前記微細構造体の屈折率をn、入射光の波長をλ[nm]としたとき、
0.2≦ΔH×(n-1)×1000/λ
の関係を満たす
ことを特徴とする拡散板。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の拡散板であって、
当該拡散板は透過型の拡散板であり、
前記複数の微細構造体は凹形状であり、
前記複数の微細構造体の凹面の頂点の前記主面からの最大深さと最小深さとの差をΔD[μm]、前記微細構造体の屈折率をn、入射光の波長をλ[nm]としたとき、
0.2≦ΔD×(n-1)×1000/λ
の関係を満たす
ことを特徴とする拡散板。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の拡散板であって、
当該拡散板は反射型の拡散板であり、
前記複数の微細構造体は凸形状であり、
前記複数の微細構造体の凸面の頂点の前記主面からの最大高さと最小高さとの差をΔH[μm]、入射光の波長をλ[nm]としたとき、
0.1≦ΔH×1000/λ
の関係を満たす
ことを特徴とする拡散板。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の拡散板であって、
当該拡散板は反射型の拡散板であり、
前記複数の微細構造体が凹形状であり、
前記複数の微細構造体の凹面の頂点の前記主面からの最大深さと最小深さの差をΔD[μm]、入射光の波長をλ[nm]としたとき、
0.1≦ΔD×1000/λ
の関係を満たす
ことを特徴とする拡散板。 - 請求項5~8のいずれか1項に記載の拡散板であって、
前記拡散板の主面に複数のマイクロレンズが配列されており、
前記複数のマイクロレンズの前記主面に垂直な断面の形状は、互いに異なっているとともに、対称軸を有さず、
前記複数のマイクロレンズの平均ピッチをPとし、各々のマイクロレンズの正面方向の相対輝度の標準偏差をSkとするとき、P≦200[μm]かつSk≧0.005であり、P×P×Sk≦400[μm2]を満たす、
ことを特徴とする拡散板。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16761323.1A EP3270193A4 (en) | 2015-03-12 | 2016-03-10 | Diffusion plate |
KR1020177028658A KR101945661B1 (ko) | 2015-03-12 | 2016-03-10 | 확산판 |
US15/557,344 US11231527B2 (en) | 2015-03-12 | 2016-03-10 | Diffuser plate |
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JPWO2016143350A1 (ja) | 2018-02-01 |
TWI713502B (zh) | 2020-12-21 |
JP6883510B2 (ja) | 2021-06-09 |
CN107430219A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
US11231527B2 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
KR101945661B1 (ko) | 2019-02-07 |
CN107430219B (zh) | 2020-02-18 |
US20180106930A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
TW201636646A (zh) | 2016-10-16 |
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