WO2016067484A1 - 粒子検出センサ - Google Patents
粒子検出センサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016067484A1 WO2016067484A1 PCT/JP2015/002513 JP2015002513W WO2016067484A1 WO 2016067484 A1 WO2016067484 A1 WO 2016067484A1 JP 2015002513 W JP2015002513 W JP 2015002513W WO 2016067484 A1 WO2016067484 A1 WO 2016067484A1
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a particle detection sensor.
- a light scattering type particle detection sensor which detects particles by detecting light (scattered light) scattered by particles (aerosols) suspended in the atmosphere (in gas) (for example, patent documents 1).
- the light scattering type particle detection sensor described in Patent Document 1 is a light scattering type particle detection sensor provided with a light emitting element and a light receiving element in a housing (optical chamber).
- the sensor takes in the gas to be measured into the housing, irradiates the taken-in gas with light from the light emitting element, and detects the presence or absence of particles contained in the gas by the scattered light. For example, particles such as dust, pollen, smoke and PM2.5 (microparticulate matter) suspended in the air can be detected.
- Patent No. 3731338 gazette Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-248629
- the light scattering type particle detection sensor in order to calculate a mass concentration which is a mass of particles contained in a unit volume of gas, further improvement of detection accuracy of the particles is expected.
- this invention makes it a 1st object to provide the particle
- a light scattering type particle detection sensor one in which a light trap is provided at a position facing the light emitting element or the light receiving element in order to reduce the generation of stray light is known (for example, see Patent Document 2) .
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a particle detection sensor which suppresses the variation of detection results due to the characteristic variation of individual sensors and improves the particle detection accuracy.
- a first particle detection sensor is a particle detection sensor for detecting particles contained in a gas, and the light emitting element and the light emitting element A light receiving element for receiving scattered light of light of the light emitting element by particles, and a processing unit for calculating a mass concentration of the particles contained in the gas using a detection signal indicating an output from the light receiving element
- the processing unit corrects the relative relationship between the plurality of peak values extracted from the waveform of the detection signal and the one or more first threshold values, and uses the corrected relative relationship to obtain each of the plurality of peak values.
- the mass concentration is calculated by performing a determination process of determining which peak value segment among the plurality of peak value segments divided by the first threshold value.
- a second particle detection sensor is a particle detection sensor for detecting particles contained in a gas, which includes a light emitting element, a detection region A light receiving element for receiving scattered light of light of the light emitting element by the particles in the particle, and a processing unit for calculating a mass concentration of the particles contained in the gas using a detection signal indicating an output from the light receiving element
- the processing unit for each of the plurality of peak values extracted from the waveform of the detection signal, belongs to any peak value category among the plurality of peak value sections divided by the one or more first threshold values.
- Diameter classification Calculation for calculating the mass concentration using an estimation process of estimating the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size divisions using the content ratio containing each and the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size divisions Execute the process.
- a third particle detection sensor includes a light emitting element and a light receiving element, and light of the light emitting element by particles in a detection area
- a particle detection sensor including a particle detection sensor that detects particles contained in a gas by receiving scattered light by the light receiving element, and converting a current output from the light receiving element into a voltage to generate a voltage signal It includes an IV conversion unit to be generated, an amplification unit to amplify the voltage signal in a predetermined band, and an AD conversion unit to sample and quantize the voltage signal amplified by the amplification unit.
- a storage unit that stores a correction coefficient corresponding to the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor, an IV conversion unit that generates a voltage signal by converting a current output from the light receiving element into a voltage, and the voltage signal ,
- An AD conversion unit that samples and quantizes the amplified voltage signal, time-series digital data that is the voltage signal sampled and quantized by the AD conversion unit, and The correction coefficient is used to correct a threshold that determines the peak value division using the correction coefficient.
- the detection accuracy of particles can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of an air cleaner provided with a particle detection sensor according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a sensor unit according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a sensor unit according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the inside of the housing of the sensor unit according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a signal conversion unit and a configuration related to the signal conversion unit in the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the processing unit according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing an example of an analog signal output from the light receiving element according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 8A is a waveform diagram showing an example of a detection signal according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 8B is a waveform diagram showing an example of a detection signal according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 8C is a waveform diagram showing an example of a detection signal according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a particle detection process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the crest value and the distance for each particle size according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram for describing an initial setting process of the correction coefficient to the storage unit in the manufacturing process of the particle detection sensor according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an initial setting process of the correction coefficient in the manufacturing process of the particle detection sensor according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a graph for explaining the correction coefficient calculated by the writing unit according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the peak value counting process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the number of peak values of each of the peak value sections according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a view showing an example of the number of particles in each of the particle size classifications according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of an air purifier including the particle detection sensor according to the first modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of an air purifier provided with a particle detection sensor according to Modification 2 of the embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a waveform diagram showing an example of a detection signal according to Modification 2 of the embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a particle detection process according to the second modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing mass concentration calculation processing according to Modification 2 of the embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing an example of a particle size distribution according to Modification 2 of the embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing an example of the normalized mass of particles according to the modification 2 of the embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing the passing rate characteristic of a general PM 2.5 particle size dividing device used to calculate the mass concentration of PM 2.5 in the particle detection sensor according to the third modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing an example of a part of the particle detection sensor according to the fourth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a configuration of an amplifier in the fourth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 27A is a graph showing the output voltage of the amplifier in Modification 4 of the embodiment.
- FIG. 27B is a graph showing the output voltage of the amplifier in Modification 4 of the embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic view schematically showing a connection relationship of an amplifier, a determination unit, and a DA conversion unit in the fourth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the output of the determination unit and the output of the DA conversion unit according to the fourth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a part of a particle detection sensor according to Modification 5 of the embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram showing an example of an IV conversion unit in the fifth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram showing an example of an amplifier in the fifth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 33 is a view schematically showing digital data in the case where AGC by the gain control unit is not performed and in the case where the AGC is performed for each of the fine particles and the coarse particles in the fifth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 34 is a block diagram showing an example of a part of the particle detection sensor according to the sixth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram schematically showing the waveform of the input voltage and the waveform of the output voltage of the amplification unit in the sixth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram for describing an effect exerted by the particle detection sensor according to the sixth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram for describing an effect exerted by another example of the particle detection sensor according to the sixth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 38 is a block diagram showing another example of the configuration of a part of the particle detection sensor according to the sixth modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 39 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the urban atmosphere.
- FIG. 40 is an external view of an air cleaner provided with the particle detection sensor according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 41 is an external view of a smoke detector provided with the particle detection sensor according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 42 is an external view of a ventilation fan including the particle detection sensor according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 43 is an external view of an air conditioner provided with the particle detection sensor according to the embodiment.
- each drawing is a schematic view, and is not necessarily illustrated exactly.
- symbol is attached
- Embodiment The particle detection sensor according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, the case where a particle detection sensor is provided in an air purifier will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the air cleaner 1000 provided with the particle
- the air cleaner 1000 is provided with the particle
- the sensor unit 200 is a sensor that outputs a signal indicating the intensity of scattered light of particles.
- the configuration of the sensor unit 200 will be described in detail later.
- the signal conversion unit 610 is configured using a circuit including an A / D converter (analog-digital converter) and a noise filter.
- the signal conversion unit 610 converts a signal obtained by removing noise from the analog signal output from the sensor unit 200 into a digital signal, and outputs the digital signal to the processing unit 620.
- the signal conversion unit 610 is not an essential component, and the processing unit 620 may perform processing such as A / D conversion and noise removal.
- the processing unit 620 will be described by way of an example of a computer system including a memory such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, a random access memory (RAM), and a read only memory (ROM).
- the memory stores a computer program for calculating the mass concentration of particles.
- the CPU or microprocessor can calculate the mass concentration of particles by operating according to the computer program.
- the processing unit 620 calculates the mass concentration of particles suspended in the gas using the detection signal. The operation of the processing unit 620 will be described in detail later.
- the operation unit 630 is configured of a button or the like that uses a ratchet mechanism for the user to set the air purifier 1000, for example, the air volume, the presence or absence of humidification, and the setting of a timer.
- the control unit 600 controls the operation of the air purifier 1000. For example, when the air purifier 1000 is set to be operated automatically, the control unit 600 adjusts the air volume and the like according to the mass concentration and the like output from the processing unit 620. In addition, the control unit 600 is configured to cause the display unit (not shown) provided in the housing of the air purifier 1000 to display the current air volume, the presence or absence of detection of particles (house dust), and the like. It does not matter.
- the storage unit 650 is, for example, a memory that stores the correction coefficient fk1.
- the storage unit 650 stores, as the correction coefficient fk1, a value corresponding to the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 in which the storage unit 650 is mounted.
- the correction coefficient fk1 is, for example, a value calculated based on an analog signal output from the sensor unit 200 when reference particles having a predetermined particle diameter are introduced into the sensor unit 200, and the particle detection sensor It is generated by being written in one manufacturing process.
- the correction coefficient fk 1 is initially set in the manufacturing process of the particle detection sensor 1.
- the initialization process of the correction coefficient in a manufacturing process is mentioned later.
- FIGS. 2 to 4. are a perspective view, an exploded perspective view, and a cross-sectional view, respectively, illustrating an example of the sensor unit 200 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing the internal structure of the back cover 110 and the front cover 100 according to the present embodiment in more detail.
- the sensor unit 200 is disposed such that the inlet 101 is downward and the outlet 102 is upward. Specifically, the sensor unit 200 is disposed such that the Y-axis direction shown in FIG. 2 is vertically upward.
- the sensor unit 200 has a flat substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the directions along the two sides orthogonal to each other are taken as an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction, respectively. Also, the thickness direction of the sensor unit 200 is taken as the Z-axis direction. In the present embodiment, for example, the sensor unit 200 has a size that falls within the range of X: 52 mm ⁇ Y: 45 mm ⁇ Z: 22 mm.
- the sensor unit 200 is a light scattering type particle detection sensor including a housing 10 and an optical system 20 disposed inside the housing 10 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.
- the sensor unit 200 is a light scattering particle detection sensor.
- the optical system 20 irradiates light to the detection area DA in the housing 10, and receives scattered light of light by the particles 2 (aerosol) passing through the detection area DA, The presence or absence of particles 2 is detected.
- the sensor unit 200 may detect not only the presence or absence of the particles 2 but also the number and size of the particles 2.
- the particles 2 to be detected by the sensor unit 200 are, for example, fine particles of 5 ⁇ m or less such as fine dust, pollen, smoke, and PM2.5.
- the case 10 is a case (case) that covers the optical system 20 and the detection area DA.
- the housing 10 covers the optical system 20 and the detection area DA such that external light is not irradiated to the optical system 20 and the detection area DA.
- the housing 10 has an inlet 101 for the particles 2 to flow into the inside and an outlet 102 for the particles 2 flowing into the inside to flow out.
- the gas containing the particles 2 flows in from the inflow port 101 and passes through the inside of the housing 10 (for example, the detection area DA) leak.
- the detailed configuration of the housing 10 will be described later.
- the optical system 20 optically detects particles 2 which flow into the housing 10 through the inlet 101 and pass through the detection area DA covered by the housing 10.
- the optical system 20 includes the light emitting system 120 and the light receiving system, which are disposed such that the optical axes (optical axis P and optical axis Q) cross the detection area DA covered by the housing 10. And detects particles 2 passing through the detection area DA using light output from the light projection system 120.
- the light projection system 120 includes a light projection element 121 and a light projection lens 122.
- the light receiving system 130 includes a light receiving element 131 and a light receiving lens 132. The detailed configuration of the optical system 20 will be described later.
- the detection area (light scattering unit) DA is an aerosol detection area (aerosol measurement unit) which is an area for detecting the particles 2 contained in the gas to be measured.
- the detection area DA is an area including an intersection point at which the optical axis P of the light projection system 120 and the optical axis Q of the light reception system 130 intersect.
- the detection area DA is, for example, 2 mm in diameter.
- the sensor unit 200 further includes the dust suppression wall 30, the first light trap 40, the second light trap 50, the heating device 60, the circuit board 70, and the connector 80. , A first shield cover 90, and a second shield cover 91.
- the dust suppression wall 30 is a wall provided between the inflow port 101 and the detection area DA, and suppresses that dust larger than the particle 2 enters the detection area DA.
- dust (dust) to be a target for which the entry into the detection area DA is to be suppressed is, for example, particles of 2 ⁇ m or more.
- the dust suppression wall 30 is a wall provided between the inflow port 101 and the first light trap 40, and is a first gas guiding wall that guides the gas so that the gas does not enter the first light trap 40. It is. The detailed configuration of the dust control wall 30 will be described later.
- the first light trap 40 traps light output from the light projection system 120 and having passed through the detection area DA. Specifically, the first light trap 40 absorbs light that has once entered the inside so that it does not exit to the outside.
- the first light trap 40 has a wedge-shaped closed space, but may have a labyrinth structure.
- the first light trap 40 is provided at a position facing the light projection system 120 via the detection area DA.
- the first light trap 40 has first closed spaces 41 and 43 in which incident light is difficult to emit.
- the first openings 42 and 44 are provided in each of the first closed spaces 41 and 43.
- the first light trap 40 divides the light output from the light projection system 120 and having passed through the detection area DA so as to pass through each of the plurality of first openings 42 and 44, and then traps the light.
- the second optical trap 50 traps light not trapped by the first optical trap 40.
- the second light trap 50 has a second closed space 51 in which incident light is difficult to emit.
- a second opening 52 is provided in the second closed space.
- the second light trap 50 is light (leakage light) which is output from the light projection system 120 and does not pass through the detection area DA, and which is once incident on the first light trap 40 but is emitted again from the first light trap 40 Trap light and so on.
- the second light trap 50 is provided at a position facing the light receiving system 130 via the detection area DA.
- the second light trap 50 has, for example, a labyrinth structure provided with a plurality of wedge-shaped protrusions 115.
- the heating device 60 is an example of an air flow generation unit that generates an air flow in the housing 10 by causing the gas including the particles 2 flowing from the inflow port 101 to flow through the detection area DA.
- the heating device 60 is a heater which is disposed below the housing 10 and heats the gas. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the heating device 60 generates a rising air flow (a flow of gas in the positive Y-axis direction) by heating the gas containing the particles 2, as shown in FIG. A gas containing particles 2 is induced in the detection area DA.
- the heating device 60 is, for example, a low cost heater resistor. In FIG. 4, an example of the air flow is shown by the thick dotted arrow.
- the circuit board 70 is a printed wiring board on which the control circuit of the sensor unit 200 is formed.
- the control circuit controls, for example, output of light by the light projection system 120, processing of an electrical signal based on a light signal received by the light receiving system 130, processing of heating of gas by the heating device 60, and the like.
- the control circuit detects the presence, the size, the number, and the like of the particles 2 and outputs the detection result to the outside through the connector 80.
- the circuit board 70 is, for example, a rectangular flat plate, and the housing 10 is fixed to one main surface (surface). On the other main surface (rear surface), one or more circuit elements (circuit components) constituting the control circuit are mounted.
- the electrode terminals of the light emitting element 121, the light receiving element 131, and the heating device 60 (heater resistance) penetrate the back cover 110 of the housing 10 and the circuit board 70 and are soldered to the back surface of the circuit board 70. There is. Thereby, each of the light emitting element 121, the light receiving element 131, and the heating device 60 (heater resistance) is electrically connected to the control circuit, and the operation is controlled by the control circuit.
- the plurality of circuit elements include, for example, a resistor, a capacitor, a coil, a diode or a transistor.
- the electrolytic capacitor 71 which is one of the plurality of circuit elements is provided on the surface of the circuit board 70 and disposed in the housing 10.
- the space in the housing 10 it is possible to reduce the number of circuit elements disposed on the back surface side of the circuit board 70. Thereby, the space for circuit elements on the back surface side of the circuit board 70 can be made smaller, and the first shield cover 90 can be made smaller. Therefore, the sensor unit 200 can be miniaturized.
- the connector 80 is a connector for connecting the control circuit (circuit board 70) of the sensor unit 200 to an external control circuit or a power supply circuit.
- the connector 80 is mounted on the back surface of the circuit board 70.
- the sensor unit 200 operates by receiving power from the outside via the connector 80.
- the first shield cover 90 is a metal cover provided to protect the control circuit from external noise.
- the first shield cover 90 is attached to the back side of the circuit board 70.
- the second shield cover 91 is a metal cover provided to protect the light receiving element 131 of the light receiving system 130 from external noise.
- the second shield cover 91 is a part of the front surface, the upper surface, and the left side surface of the housing 10 and covers a portion in which the light receiving element 131 is disposed.
- the first shield cover 90 and the second shield cover 91 are made of, for example, tin.
- the housing 10 is a main body of the sensor unit 200, and the detection area DA, the optical system 20, the dust suppression wall 30, the first light trap 40, the second light trap 50, and the heating device 60 are provided inside There is.
- the housing 10 is constituted by two members of a front cover 100 and a back cover 110.
- the housing 10 has a light shielding property.
- the housing 10 is black at least on the inner surface so as to absorb stray light.
- the inner surface of the housing 10 has a high light absorption rate, and specularly reflects the light.
- the reflection on the inner surface of the housing 10 may not be specular reflection, and part of the light may be scattered and reflected.
- the stray light is light other than the scattered light by the particle 2, and specifically, the inside of the housing 10 is not scattered by the particle 2 in the detection area DA among the light output from the light projection system 120. It is a light that travels.
- the stray light also includes external light that has entered the inside of the housing 10 from the outside of the housing 10 through the inlet 101 or the outlet 102.
- the housing 10 is formed, for example, by injection molding using a resin material such as ABS resin.
- the front cover 100 and the rear cover 110 are formed by injection molding using a resin material and then combined with each other to configure the housing 10.
- the inner surface of the housing 10 can be made a black surface.
- stray light may be absorbed by performing surface treatment such as embossing on the inner surface of the housing 10.
- the housing 10 is a flat polyhedron, and has a front surface 10a, a back surface 10b, a lower surface 10c, an upper surface 10d, a left side 10e, and a right side 10f.
- the case 10 has a prismatic shape having a bottom surface having a substantially heptagonal shape in which the upper right and upper left corners of the four rectangular corners are oblique.
- the front surface portion 10a, the back surface portion 10b, the lower surface portion 10c, the upper surface portion 10d, the left side surface portion 10e and the right side surface portion 10f respectively form a front surface (front), a back surface, a lower surface, an upper surface, a left side surface and a right side surface of the housing 10.
- the front surface portion 10 a is a bottom portion of the front surface cover 100
- the back surface portion 10 b is a bottom portion of the rear surface cover 110.
- the lower surface portion 10c, the upper surface portion 10d, the left side surface portion 10e and the right side surface portion 10f are formed by combining the side peripheral portion of the front cover 100 and the side peripheral portion of the back cover 110.
- the front surface portion 10a and the back surface portion 10b have substantially the same shape as each other, and specifically, are substantially heptagonal flat plate portions.
- the lower surface portion 10c is a substantially rectangular flat plate portion provided perpendicularly to the front surface portion 10a and the back surface portion 10b.
- the upper surface portion 10d, the left side surface portion 10e and the right side surface portion 10f are plate-like portions provided perpendicularly to the front surface portion 10a and the back surface portion 10b and bent inward in a plan view.
- casing 10 is an example, Comprising: It does not restrict to this.
- the housing 10 may be a rectangular parallelepiped whose bottom surface (the front surface portion 10a and the back surface portion 10b) is rectangular, or may be a circular cylinder whose bottom surface is circular.
- an inlet 101 and an outlet 102 are provided on the side surface of the housing 10. Specifically, an inlet 101 and an outlet 102 are provided in the front surface portion 10 a of the housing 10.
- the inflow port 101 is an opening of a predetermined shape provided on the side surface (front surface portion 10 a) of the housing 10, and the gas including the particles 2 flows into the inside of the housing 10 through the opening.
- the inlet 101 is, for example, a substantially rectangular opening of 12 mm ⁇ 5.5 mm, but the shape of the inlet 101 is not limited thereto.
- the inlet 101 may be a circular or elliptical opening or the like.
- the inflow port 101 is not provided immediately below the detection area DA, but is provided at the lower corner of the front cover 100. Thereby, the outside light entering from the inflow port 101 can be made difficult to be irradiated to the detection area DA.
- the outlet 102 is an opening of a predetermined shape provided on the side surface of the housing 10, and the gas containing the particles 2 flows out of the housing 10 through the opening.
- the outlet 102 is, for example, a substantially rectangular opening of 12 mm ⁇ 5 mm, but the shape of the outlet 102 is not limited thereto.
- the outlet 102 may be an opening such as a circle or an oval.
- the size of the outlet 102 is, for example, the same as the inlet 101.
- the outlet 102 is provided immediately above the detection area DA and at the center of the top of the front cover 100. Thereby, the air flow generated by the heating device 60 can be smoothly discharged from the outlet 102 to the outside.
- the inflow port 101 and the outflow port 102 were provided in the front surface part 10a of the housing
- the inlet 101 may be provided in the back surface 10b, the lower surface 10c, the left side surface 10e, or the right side surface 10f of the housing 10.
- the outlet 102 may be provided in the back surface 10b, the top surface 10d, the left side surface 10e, or the right side surface 10f of the housing 10.
- the housing 10 is provided with an internal structure (for example, a rib having a predetermined shape) for forming each of the dust suppression wall 30, the first light trap 40, and the second light trap 50.
- the front cover 100 has a first wall 103 erected from the inner surface.
- the back cover 110 has a second wall 111 erected from the inner surface.
- the first wall 103 and the second wall 111 form a dust suppression wall 30 that reduces the incursion of dust into the interior of the housing.
- the back cover 110 further includes a first light reflecting wall 112, a second light reflecting wall 113, a third light reflecting wall 114, and a plurality of wedge-shaped protrusions 115, which are erected from the inner surface.
- the first light reflecting wall 112 forms a first light trap 40 with the second wall 111.
- the second light reflecting wall 113, the third light reflecting wall 114, and the plurality of wedge-shaped protrusions 115 form a second light trap 50.
- the first light reflecting wall 112 is a curved wall. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the first light reflecting wall 112 has a flat plate-shaped first reflecting portion 112 a and a plate-shaped second reflecting portion 112 b.
- the third light reflecting wall 114 has a flat plate-shaped first reflecting portion 114 a and a plate-shaped second reflecting portion 114 b.
- the front cover 100 has a locking portion 106 and a locking portion 107, as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the back cover 110 has a locked portion 118 and a locked portion 119.
- the locking portion 106 locks to the locked portion 118
- the locking portion 107 locks to the locked portion 119. Thereby, the front cover 100 and the back cover 110 are fixed.
- the positions, number, and shape of the locking portion 106 and the locking portion 107, the locked portion 118, and the locked portion 119 may be any.
- a cleaning window 108 is further provided on the front surface portion 10 a of the housing 10.
- the cleaning window 108 is a trapezoidal through hole provided at the center of the front cover 100.
- the cleaning window 108 is provided to remove dirt or dust attached to the light projecting lens 122, the light receiving lens 132, and the inside of the housing 10.
- the inside can be cleaned by inserting a cotton swab or the like into the inside of the housing 10 from the cleaning window 108.
- the cleaning window 108 is covered with a cover member (not shown) so that outside light is not irradiated to the detection area DA through the cleaning window 108 when the sensor unit 200 is operated.
- the first wall 103, the locking portion 106 and the locking portion 107 are integrally formed with the front cover 100.
- the second wall 111, the first light reflecting wall 112, the second light reflecting wall 113, the third light reflecting wall 114, the plurality of wedge-shaped projecting portions 115, the engaged portions 118 and the engaged portions 119 have a back cover It is integrally formed with 110.
- the optical system 20 is disposed in the back cover 110 of the housing 10 as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 and is housed in the housing 10 by being sandwiched by the front cover 100.
- the light projecting system 120 and the light receiving system 130 are disposed such that their optical axes (optical axis P and optical axis Q) intersect, as shown in FIG.
- the light projection system 120 outputs light so as to condense on the detection area DA.
- the light projection system 120 includes a light projection element 121 and a light projection lens 122.
- the light projecting element 121 is a light source (light emitting unit) that emits light of a predetermined wavelength, and is a solid light emitting element such as a light emitting diode (LED) or a semiconductor laser, for example.
- the optical axis of the light projecting element 121 coincides with the optical axis P of the light projecting system 120, and passes, for example, the detection area DA.
- the light emitting element 121 a light emitting element that emits ultraviolet light, blue light, green light, red light or infrared light can be used.
- the light projecting element 121 may be configured to emit a mixed wave of two or more wavelengths.
- a shell-shaped LED that emits light (red light) having a peak wavelength at 500 nm or more and 700 nm or less is used as the light emitting element 121. .
- the light emission control method of the light emitting element 121 is not particularly limited, and the light emitted from the light emitting element 121 may be continuous light or pulse light by DC driving. In addition, the size (intensity of light) of the output of the light emitting element 121 may be temporally changed.
- the light projection lens 122 is disposed in front of the light projection element 121, and is configured to advance light (a light projection beam) emitted from the light projection element 121 toward the detection area DA. That is, the light emitted from the light emitting element 121 passes through the detection area DA via the light emitting lens 122. The particles 2 passing through the detection area DA scatter the light from the light projecting element 121.
- the light projection lens 122 is, for example, a condensing lens that focuses (condenses) light emitted from the light projection element 121 on the detection area DA, and is, for example, a transparent resin lens such as polycarbonate (PC) or a glass lens.
- a transparent resin lens such as polycarbonate (PC) or a glass lens.
- the focal point of the light projection lens 122 exists in the detection area DA.
- the light receiving system 130 receives the scattered light of the light from the light projecting system 120 by the particles 2 in the detection area DA.
- FIG. 4 an example of a light path is shown by thick solid arrows.
- the light receiving system 130 includes a light receiving element 131 and a light receiving lens 132.
- the light receiving element 131 receives at least a part of the scattered light of the light from the light emitting element 121 by the particles 2 in the detection area DA.
- the light receiving element 131 is a photoelectric conversion element that converts received light into an electric signal, and in the present embodiment, a photodiode and a phototransistor having sensitivity to light projected by the light projecting element 121.
- At least one of The light receiving element 131 may have, for example, a photo IC diode or a photomultiplier tube.
- the optical axis of the light receiving element 131 coincides with the optical axis Q of the light receiving system 130, and passes, for example, the detection area DA.
- the light receiving lens 132 is disposed between the light receiving element 131 and the detection area DA, and is configured to condense light incident from the side of the detection area DA on the light receiving element 131.
- the light receiving lens 132 is a condensing lens that focuses the scattered light by the particles 2 in the detection area DA on the light receiving element 131, and is, for example, a transparent resin lens such as PC or a glass lens.
- the focal point of the light receiving lens 132 exists on the surface of the detection area DA and the light receiving element 131.
- the control unit 600 heats the air in the housing 10 using the heating device 60 prior to obtaining the detection signal.
- the air is heated by the heating device 60, an ascending air flow is generated in the housing 10, the air is taken in from the inlet 101, and the air flows out of the outlet 102 to the outside of the housing 10.
- the particulates in the gas enter the inside of the housing 10 from the inflow port 101, pass through the particle detection area DA, and are discharged from the outflow port 102 to the outside of the housing 10.
- the light emitting element 121 outputs light toward the detection area DA.
- the light output from the light emitting element 121 is scattered on particles passing through the detection area DA.
- the scattered light (a part of the scattered light) scattered toward the light receiving system 130 is received by the light receiving element 131 via the light receiving lens 132.
- the light receiving element 131 outputs a signal according to the intensity of the received light to the signal conversion unit 610.
- the scattered light (another part of the scattered light) scattered toward the first light trap 40 is trapped by the first light trap 40 and is configured not to be incident on the light receiving system 130.
- the particle detection sensor 1 can detect particles contained in the gas.
- the signal conversion unit 610 performs various signal processing on the current signal output from the sensor unit 200 to perform analog signal processing for outputting an analog voltage signal based on the current signal.
- various types of signal processing include, for example, I / V conversion for converting current (I) into voltage (V), band pass filter processing for passing a desired frequency band of an input signal, and Amplification processing for amplifying and outputting the received signal.
- the signal conversion unit 610 is not limited to the processes illustrated here as analog signal processing, and performs other signal processing (for example, high pass filter processing, low pass filter processing, attenuation processing, and the like). May be
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a signal conversion unit 610 in the present embodiment and a configuration related thereto. Specifically, the configuration of the signal conversion unit 610 and the processing unit 620 is shown in FIG.
- the signal conversion unit 610 includes an IV conversion unit 241 and an amplification unit 242, and includes an analog signal processing unit 240 that performs the above-described analog signal processing. Further, the signal conversion unit 610 further includes an AD conversion unit 261 that converts an analog voltage signal output from the analog signal processing unit 240 into digital data.
- the IV conversion unit 241 converts the current output from the light receiving element 131 into a voltage (IV conversion). That is, the IV conversion unit 241 converts the current signal output from the sensor unit 200 into a voltage signal. Converting to a voltage signal in this manner facilitates the design of the amplification unit 242 connected to the subsequent stage of the IV conversion unit 241.
- the amplification unit 242 amplifies a predetermined band of the voltage signal converted by the IV conversion unit 241. Specifically, among frequency components included in the voltage signal, frequency components in a predetermined band are amplified at a higher amplification factor than frequency components in other bands.
- the predetermined band is, for example, a band in which the center frequency is the frequency f1 corresponding to the flow velocity v1 of the gas flowing in the particle flow path of the sensor unit 200, and the bandwidth is fbw.
- fbw may be a predetermined frequency or may be a frequency appropriately set according to the noise floor of the voltage signal.
- the amplification unit 242 amplifies the voltage signal converted by the IV conversion unit 241 and converts the voltage signal into a voltage signal including a pulse waveform corresponding to the particle.
- the amplification unit 242 includes a band pass filter 242 a that passes frequency components in a predetermined band among frequency components included in the voltage signal output from the IV conversion unit 241, and a band pass filter And an amplifier 242b for amplifying a signal composed of frequency components passed through 242a.
- the connection order of the band pass filter 242 a and the amplifier 242 b is not limited to this, and the amplifier 242 b may be provided on the previous stage of the band pass filter 242 a.
- the analog signal processing unit 240 outputs a voltage signal based on the current signal output from the sensor unit 200.
- the AD conversion unit 261 samples (quantizes) and quantizes the voltage signal amplified by the amplification unit 242. In other words, the A / D conversion unit 261 performs analog-to-digital (AD) conversion on the analog voltage signal output from the analog signal processing unit 240 to generate time-series digital data corresponding to the voltage signal. That is, the AD conversion unit 261 generates time-series digital data based on the current signal output from the sensor unit 200.
- AD analog-to-digital
- the AD conversion unit 261 is an AD conversion module incorporated in advance in a general-purpose MPU, and converts a voltage signal input to an analog input terminal of the general-purpose MPU into digital data.
- the AD conversion unit 261 samples a voltage signal in the range of 0.0 to 5.0 V input to a terminal set for analog input in a general-purpose MPU at a predetermined sampling cycle, and the sampled voltage signal
- the digital data is generated by converting the voltage of V.sub.x into a 10-bit digital value.
- the range of the voltage input to the analog input terminal of the general-purpose MPU is not limited to the above example.
- the maximum value of the input voltage is a voltage (for example, 3.3 V) specified from the outside of the general-purpose MPU
- the number of bits of digital data generated by the AD conversion unit 261 is not limited to the above example, and may be 8 bits or 12 bits, for example.
- the general-purpose MPU further includes a processing unit 620, and uses the analog voltage signal output from the analog signal processing unit 240 to calculate the particle size of particles contained in the gas flowing in the particle flow path of the sensor unit 200.
- the general-purpose MPU is realized, for example, by a system LSI which is an integrated circuit, and may be individually made into one chip for each configuration to be described below, or may be made into one chip so as to include part or all. .
- the general-purpose MPU is not limited to the system LSI, and may be realized by a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor.
- a field programmable gate array (FPGA) that can be programmed after LSI fabrication, or a reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure connection and setting of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.
- Such a general-purpose MPU can use the digital data generated by the AD conversion unit 261 to perform various analyzes on particles contained in the gas flowing in the particle flow path of the sensor unit 200.
- the various analyzes are, for example, calculation of the particle size of the particles, identification of the particles, and the like.
- the particle detection sensor 1 includes a power supply unit that supplies power to each component (the sensor unit 200, the signal conversion unit 610, and the like).
- the power supply unit is configured by, for example, a regulator or the like that converts a voltage supplied from the outside of the particle detection sensor 1 into a desired voltage.
- the processing unit 620 detects a peak of time-series digital data (hereinafter referred to as “peak search”), and the value of the detected peak is a peak value corresponding to the detected particle.
- peak search a peak of time-series digital data
- processing unit 620 may always perform the calculation (peak search) for detecting the peak of the digital data described above, or may perform it only when a predetermined condition is satisfied.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the processing unit 620 according to the embodiment.
- the processing unit 620 acquires a detection signal from the signal conversion unit 610 (S10).
- the signal conversion unit 610 converts the analog signal output from the light receiving element 131 into a detection signal which is a digital signal.
- FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing an example of an analog signal output from the light receiving element 131.
- the waveform shown in FIG. 7 includes a waveform indicating the intensity of the scattered light of the four particles. More specifically, the waveform includes a waveform W1 having a crest value VS1, a waveform W2 having a crest value VS2, a waveform W3 having a crest value VS3, and a waveform W4 having a crest value VS4. Furthermore, the waveform includes the noise waveform WN of the noise floor VN.
- Such an analog signal is converted into a detection signal as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C by being subjected to filter processing such as removal of the noise waveform WN and analog-to-digital conversion by the signal conversion unit 610, and processed. It is acquired by the part 620.
- 8A to 8C are waveform diagrams showing an example of the detection signal, FIG. 8B shows a case where the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 is higher than that of FIG. 8A, and FIG. 8C shows the particle detection sensor 1 of FIG. The case of low sensitivity is shown.
- the detection signal shown in the figure is a signal obtained by sampling (sampling) and quantizing the above-mentioned analog signal, and is, for example, 10-bit time-series digital data.
- the detection signal is a step-like waveform, but in FIGS. 8A to 8C, the width of the step is illustrated as being very small (appears as a curve in appearance).
- the detection signal converted in this manner includes a waveform indicating the intensity of the scattered light from the particles received by the light receiving element 131.
- the processing unit 620 extracts a plurality of peak values from the waveform of the detection signal (S20).
- the method of extracting the peak value is arbitrary.
- the detection signal here is a digital signal
- the digital value to be judged is compared with the digital values before and after, and the digital value to be judged is larger than the digital value before and after.
- the digital value may be extracted as the peak value.
- sampling may be performed at constant time intervals, and the sampling value of the determination target may be extracted as the peak value when the sampling value of the determination target is larger than the previous and subsequent sampling values. Absent.
- four peak values VS1 to VS4 can be extracted.
- the processing unit 620 detects particles in the gas using the extracted peak value (S30). Specifically, the mass concentration of the particles in the gas is calculated by detecting the particles in the gas.
- mass concentration of particles in gas may be simply referred to as “mass concentration”.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a particle detection process according to the embodiment.
- the processing unit 620 reads the correction coefficient fk1 from the storage unit 650 (S31).
- the processing unit 620 corrects the relative relationship between a plurality of peak values extracted from the waveform of the detection signal and one or more threshold values (first threshold values) for dividing a plurality of peak value sections (described later) S32). In the present embodiment, processing unit 620 corrects the relative relationship by reading out correction coefficient fk1 from storage unit 650. Details of the correction processing by the processing unit 620 will be described later.
- the processing unit 620 counts the number of extracted peak values for each of the peak value sections described later, using the corrected relative relationship (S33). That is, for each of the plurality of wave height values, any of the plurality of wave height value divisions divided by the threshold value of one or more (four in the present embodiment) is used for any wave height value division using the corrected relative relationship. By determining whether it belongs, the number of peak values is counted for each of the peak value sections.
- the processing unit 620 determines which of the plurality of peak value segments the extracted peak value belongs to, using the corrected relative relationship. Thereafter, the processing unit 620 counts the number of peak values in each of the peak value sections.
- the plurality of peak value sections are determined according to one or more threshold values (first threshold value).
- first threshold value the threshold value
- the peak value extracted from the detection signal and the particle diameter of the particles located in the detection area DA have a predetermined correlation.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the wave height value for each particle size and the distance.
- the peak value corresponds to the intensity of the scattered light.
- the distance is the distance when the particle passes the detection area DA and is closest to the center of the detection area DA, that is, the position where the light output from the light emitting element 121 is collected. The distance is zero when particles pass through the center of the detection area DA.
- the wave height value increases as the particle size increases.
- the larger the particle size the larger the maximum value of the wave height value.
- the smaller the distance from the center of the detection area DA the larger the light reception intensity.
- a crest value corresponding to a particle having a particle diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m passing a position of distance r1 from the center of detection area DA passes through the center of detection area DA.
- This is smaller than the peak value of particles having a particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m. That is, it is difficult to derive the number of particles for each particle size directly from the signal intensity.
- the content ratio in which each of a plurality of particle size divisions (described later) divided by one or more threshold values (second threshold value) in each of the plurality of peak value divisions BS1 to BS4 has the sensitivity distribution shown in FIG. It can be determined in advance using
- processing unit 620 determines the number of peak values determined for each of a plurality of peak value segments BS1 to BS4 and a plurality of particle size segments in each of a plurality of peak value segments BS1 to BS4.
- the content ratio in which each of BPi is included is used to estimate the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size categories. The details of the content ratio will be described later.
- the threshold Vti is a particle size smaller than the particle diameter corresponding to the particle diameter division BPi, in which the peak value division BSi includes particles having a particle diameter equal to or larger than the particle diameter corresponding to the particle diameter division BPi.
- the threshold value Vti is set to, for example, the maximum value of the peak value of the detection signal corresponding to the smallest particle among the particles belonging to the particle size division BPi.
- the threshold value Vt1 is set so that the peak value section BS1 contains particles with a particle diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more and does not contain particles with other particle diameters.
- the threshold value Vt1 is set to, for example, the maximum value of the detection signal of particles having a particle size of 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the threshold value Vt2 is set so that the peak value section BS2 contains particles with a particle diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m or more and does not contain particles smaller than 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the threshold value Vt2 is set to, for example, the maximum value of the detection signal in particles having a particle diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the threshold value Vt3 is set so that the peak value section BS3 contains particles with a particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and does not contain particles smaller than 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the threshold value Vt3 is set to, for example, the maximum value of the detection signal in particles having a particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the threshold value Vt4 is set so that the peak value section BS4 includes particles having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- processing unit 620 sets threshold values Vt1 to Vt4 of one or more (four in the present embodiment) for each of the plurality of peak values extracted from the waveform of the detection signal. It is determined which of the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4 classified by the above belongs to which peak value section.
- the detection signal which is digital data generated by the signal conversion unit 610 is a value depending on the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1.
- the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 is high, as shown in FIG. 8B, the waveform of the detection signal becomes relatively large.
- the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 is low, the waveform of the detection signal is relatively small. That is, the size of the waveform of the detection signal corresponds to, for example, the particle detection sensor 1 according to the design of the optical system 20, the light reception sensitivity of the light receiving element 131, and the sensitivity of the electronic components of the sensor unit 200 and the signal conversion unit 610.
- the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 when the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 is high, it is erroneously determined that the plurality of peak values VS1 to VS4 extracted from the waveform of the detection signal belong to a peak value section larger than the original peak value section. There is a risk. On the other hand, when the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 is low, there is a possibility that the peak values VS1 to VS4 may be erroneously determined to belong to a peak value class smaller than the original peak value class.
- the relative relationship between the plurality of peak values extracted from the waveform of the detection signal and the threshold value for dividing the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4 is corrected.
- the above-described relative relationship is corrected by reading the correction coefficient fk1 from the storage unit 650 and correcting the threshold value.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram for describing an initial setting process of the correction coefficient to the storage unit 650 in the manufacturing process of the particle detection sensor 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the writing of the correction coefficient fk1 to the storage unit 650 is executed by the writing unit 700 connected to the signal conversion unit 610 and the storage unit 650.
- the writing unit 700 sets a correction coefficient fk1 according to the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 based on the detection signal output from the signal conversion unit 610 when a reference particle having a predetermined particle diameter is introduced into the detection area DA.
- the calculated correction coefficient fk1 is written in the storage unit 650.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an initial setting process of the correction coefficient fk1 performed by the writing unit 700 in the manufacturing process.
- FIG. 13 is a graph for explaining the correction coefficient fk1 calculated by the writing unit 700.
- the writing unit 700 causes reference particles having a predetermined particle diameter to flow into the housing 10 of the sensor unit 200 (S50). That is, the reference particle is introduced into the detection area DA.
- the introduction of the reference particles may not be performed by the writing unit 700, and may be realized, for example, by disposing the sensor unit 200 in a chamber filled with a gas containing the reference particles.
- the writing unit 700 acquires the detection signal output from the signal conversion unit 610 in the state in which the reference particle is introduced (S10), and extracts the crest value from the waveform of the detection signal (S20). Thereafter, the writing unit 700 calculates the correction coefficient fk1 based on the extracted peak value (S60), and writes the calculated correction coefficient fk1 in the storage unit 650 (S70).
- Standard particles of PSL polystyrene latex
- smoke particles generated by smoke combustion by tobacco or smoke particles generated by smoke combustion by cotton core may be used.
- the writing unit 700 calculates a value obtained by dividing the difference between the extracted peak value and the noise floor VN by the difference between the ideal peak value PI and the noise floor VN as the correction coefficient fk1.
- the writing unit 700 performs (P1-VN) / (PI). Calculate ⁇ VN) as the correction coefficient fk1.
- the detection signal is relatively small, that is, when the sensitivity is low, a value smaller than 1 is calculated as the correction coefficient fk1.
- the detection signal is the second detection waveform in FIG. 13, that is, when the peak value acquired in the peak value extraction process (S20 described above) is P2, for example, (P2-VN) Calculate / (PI ⁇ VN) as the correction coefficient fk1.
- P2-VN Peak value acquired in the peak value extraction process
- the detection signal corresponds to the current output from the sensor unit 200, and the current corresponds to the sensitivity of the sensor unit 200. Therefore, the ideal peak value PI and the actual peak value correspond to the reference sensitivity serving as the reference of the sensitivity of the sensor unit 200 and the actual sensitivity of the sensor unit 200.
- the writing unit 700 calculates a value smaller than 1 as the correction coefficient fk1.
- the current output from the sensor unit 200 is relatively small, that is, when the sensitivity is low, a value larger than 1 is calculated as the correction coefficient fk1.
- the writing unit 700 writes the correction coefficient fk1 according to the sensitivity of the sensor unit 200 with respect to the reference sensitivity in the storage unit 650.
- ideal wave height value is not limited to the case where the reference particle is introduced to the housing 10, and may be determined by, for example, the design value of the particle detection sensor 1.
- the correction coefficient fk1 may be an average value or a median value of the peak values extracted when the reference particles are introduced into the housing 10 in each of the plurality of sensor units 200.
- the correction coefficient fk1 is written to the storage unit 650 by the initial setting process as described above. Therefore, the mass concentration of the particles in the gas can be accurately calculated by correcting the above-described correlation using the correction coefficient fk1 calculated as described above.
- the processing unit 620 corrects the threshold values Vt1 to Vt4 using the correction coefficient fk1 read from the storage unit 650.
- each of the corrected thresholds Vt11 to Vt14 becomes larger than the corresponding threshold Vt1 to Vt4 before correction. Therefore, when the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 is high, the possibility that the plurality of peak values VS1 to VS4 extracted from the waveform of the detection signal is erroneously determined to belong to a peak value section larger than the original peak value section is reduced. it can.
- each of the corrected thresholds Vt21 to Vt24 is smaller than the corresponding threshold Vt1 to Vt4 before correction. Therefore, when the sensitivity of the particle detection sensor 1 is low, the possibility that the plurality of peak values VS1 to VS4 extracted from the waveform of the detection signal may be erroneously determined to belong to a peak value section smaller than the original peak value section is reduced. it can.
- processing unit 620 sets threshold Vt1 to Vt4 such that the ratio of the difference between the upper limit and the lower limit in each of the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4 is maintained among the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4. By correcting each of them, the relative relationship between the threshold values Vt1 to Vt4 and the plurality of peak values VS1 to VS4 is corrected.
- processing unit 620 corrects each of threshold values Vt1 to Vt4 with reference to an arbitrary level (noise floor VN in the present embodiment) in the detection signal.
- a value VS ⁇ obtained by dividing the difference VS ⁇ between the peak value of the detection signal and the noise floor VN by the difference VS ⁇ between the peak value of the ideal detection signal output from the signal conversion unit 610 and the noise floor VN.
- the processing unit 620 multiplies the difference between each of the threshold values Vt1 to Vt4 and the noise floor VN by fk1, and adds the noise floor VN to the multiplication result.
- each of the threshold values Vt11 to Vt14 after correction is a value obtained by correcting each of the threshold values Vt1 to Vt4 before correction with the noise floor VN as a reference potential.
- the ratio of the difference between the upper limit and the lower limit in each of the plurality of peak value segments BS1 to BS4 is maintained among the plurality of peak value segments BS1 to BS4.
- the processing unit 620 sets the thresholds Vt1 to Vt4 and the plurality of peak values VS1 to VS4 based on the output from the light receiving element 131 when the reference particle having the predetermined particle diameter is introduced into the detection area DA. Correct the relative relationship of
- the processing unit 620 belongs to any peak value section for each of a plurality of peak values extracted from the waveform of the detection signal using the peak value sections divided by the threshold values Vt1 to Vt4 corrected as described above. Determine if
- the determination of the peak value class is performed by comparing the peak value to be determined with a plurality of corrected threshold values set as the boundary value of the adjacent peak value sections.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of determination of peak value sections of peak values and counting of the number of peak values for each peak value section according to the present embodiment.
- the processing unit 620 determines that the peak value WM belongs to the peak value division BS (i-1), and NBS (i-1) Is incremented (S303).
- the processing unit 620 determines that the comparison between the peak value WM and all the corrected threshold values Vti is completed (Yes in S304), the processing unit 620 determines that the peak value WM belongs to the peak value division BS4, The number of peak values NBS4 of BS4 is incremented (S306).
- the peak value VS1 belongs to the peak value segment BS1.
- the peak value VS2 is determined to belong to the peak value section BS2.
- the peak value VS3 is determined to belong to the peak value division BS3.
- the peak value VS4 is determined to belong to the peak value section BSN.
- Steps S301 to S306 are executed for all the peak values.
- the values of NBS1 to NBS4 and NBSN at the end of the processing become the number of peak values in the peak value sections BS1 to BS4 and BSN.
- the peak value counting process (S33) is repeatedly performed at time intervals for mass concentration conversion. Also, the number of peak values processed at a certain time interval may be averaged.
- the particle size and the number of particles 2 passing through the detection area DA may vary depending on the elapsed time. For this reason, there is a possibility that the number of peak values in each of the peak value sections BS1 to BS4 and BSN may fluctuate according to the time interval of mass concentration conversion. In particular, when the time interval is short, the number of peak values in each of the peak value sections BS1 to BS4 and BSN is likely to be dispersed, which may increase the error of the calculated mass concentration.
- the processing unit 620 estimates the number of particles in each particle size classification (S34), as shown in FIG. Specifically, processing unit 620 sets the number of peak values determined for each of the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4 and BSN, and one or more in each of the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4 and BSN. In the embodiment, the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size classifications BPi is estimated using the content ratio including the plurality of particle size classifications BPi divided by the four threshold values (second threshold value).
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the number of peak values of each of the peak value segments BS1 to BS4. The figure also shows the number of peak values corresponding to each particle size division BP1 to BP4 included in each peak value division BS1 to BS4.
- the crest value division BS4 includes crest values of particles having a particle diameter of the particle diameter division BP4 or more. That is, the wave height value classification BSi includes the wave height value of the particles having the particle diameter of the particle diameter classification BPi or more.
- the ratio of the particle number NBP2 among the peak value divisions BS2 to BS4, that is, the ratio of the coefficients a22, a23 and a24 can be obtained in advance. This is because, as shown in FIG. 10, the signal intensity is determined according to the position where the particles pass, and when a sufficient number of particles are detected, the positions where the particles pass the detection area DA become uniform. It is because it is thought.
- coefficients aii to ai (imax) can be uniquely determined for each of the particle size classifications BPi.
- imax is the number of peak value divisions used when the processing unit 620 measures the number of particles in each of a plurality of particle size divisions, and is 4 in the present embodiment.
- the content ratio in which each of the plurality of particle size divisions BP1 to BP4 is included in each of the plurality of peak value divisions BS1 to BS4 is obtained. That is, the content ratio in one peak value division (for example, peak value division BS3) among a plurality of peak value divisions BS1 to BS4 is the number of peak values determined for the one peak value division (here, NBS3) And the number of peak values (here, NBS2) determined for each of the other peak value segments (here, peak value segments BS1 and BS2) larger than the one peak value segment, and within the detection area DA. It is a value based on the change in signal strength depending on the position.
- peak value division BS3 the content ratio in one peak value division among a plurality of peak value divisions BS1 to BS4 is the number of peak values determined for the one peak value division (here, NBS3)
- processing unit 620 sets the number of peak values determined to belong to one peak value section (for example, peak value section BS3) among the plurality of peak value sections (here, NBS 3), and detection area DA described above
- peak value section BS3 for example, peak value section BS3 among the plurality of peak value sections (here, NBS 3), and detection area DA described above
- particle size division BP3 among a plurality of particle size divisions among the number of the particles by using a change in signal intensity according to the position of the inside (see FIG. 10).
- Number of wave height values here, a33 ⁇ NBP3
- particle size classification BP3 corresponds to particles of another particle size category (here, particle size class BP2) larger than the one particle size class )
- the processing unit 620 performs the above-described procedure for each of the plurality of peak value sections (BS1 to BS4), as shown in FIG. 16 as the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size sections (BP1 to BP4). Estimate.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the particle count NBPi of each of the particle size divisions BPi estimated by the above-described method.
- processing unit 620 counts the number of peak values determined for each of the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4, and the plurality of particle size sections BP1 to BP4 in each of the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4.
- the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle diameter classifications BP1 to BP4 is estimated using the content ratio in which each is contained.
- the above content ratio also includes the case where the ratio of an arbitrary particle diameter is zero.
- the content ratio in which each of the plurality of particle size divisions BP1 to BP4 in the peak value division BS2 includes the ratio in which the particle size division BP2 is included, and the other particle size divisions BP1 and BP3.
- BP4 is included in the ratio of 0, such content ratio is also included in the concept of the above content ratio.
- the processing unit 620 uses the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size divisions BP1 to BP4 estimated in the particle number estimation process (S34) to determine the mass concentration of particles in the gas. Is calculated (S35).
- the mass concentration M of the particles in the gas can be expressed by the following equation 1, assuming that the number of particles in the particle size division BPi is NBPi and the coefficient based on the mass per particle in the particle size division BPi is di.
- the coefficient di may be, for example, the mass per particle divided into the particle size classification BPi itself, or the average value, the median, or the average value and the median of the mass of particles belonging to the particle size classification BPi
- the value may be a representative value that is weighted according to the application of the particle detection sensor 1 or the like.
- the processing unit 620 causes the plurality of peak values extracted from the waveform of the detection signal and one or more threshold values (four threshold values Vt1 in the present embodiment).
- a plurality of peak value sections (four peak value sections BS1 in the present embodiment) divided by the threshold value are corrected for each of the plurality of peak values by correcting the relative relationship with Vt4) and using the corrected relative relationship.
- the mass concentration of the particles contained in the gas is calculated by executing the determination process (peak value counting process (S33) according to the present embodiment) to determine which of the peak value classifications of ... BS 4) belong to. Do.
- processing unit 620 further determines the number of peak values determined for each of the plurality of peak value segments BS1 to BS4 by the determination process, and one or more threshold values in each of the plurality of peak value segments BS1 to BS4.
- a plurality of particle diameter divisions (four particle diameter divisions BP1 to BP4 in the present embodiment) divided by four threshold values 0.5 ⁇ m, 1.0 ⁇ m, 2.5 ⁇ m, and 5.0 ⁇ m)
- the mass concentration based on the number concentration of each of the particle size divisions BP1 to BP4 can be estimated. Therefore, mass concentration can be estimated with high accuracy without using a particle sizer. In other words, the mass concentration can be estimated with high accuracy with small size and low cost. Furthermore, since the mass concentration can be estimated for each of the particle size classifications BP1 to BP4, even if the particle size distribution changes, the mass concentration can be estimated with high accuracy. That is, the detection accuracy of particles can be improved.
- the processing unit 620 may set the threshold value (the first threshold value) so that the ratio of the difference between the upper limit and the lower limit in each of the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4 is maintained among the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4. The above-mentioned relative relationship is corrected by correcting each of the threshold values).
- the processing unit 620 corrects each of the threshold values (first threshold value) with reference to an arbitrary level in the detection signal.
- the processing unit 620 corrects the relative relationship based on the output from the light receiving element 131 when the reference particle having a predetermined particle diameter is introduced into the detection area DA.
- the particle detection sensor 1 includes the storage unit 650 storing the correction coefficient fk1, and the processing unit 620 corrects the relative relationship by reading the correction coefficient fk1 from the storage unit 650 in the determination process.
- the light projecting element 121 projects light having a peak wavelength at 500 nm or more and 700 nm or less, and any one of the one or more threshold values (first threshold value) has a particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or less It is the corresponding value.
- the scattering by the particles 2 having a small particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or less can be increased. Therefore, since the threshold interval can be reduced, the dynamic range of the circuit constituting the particle detection sensor 1 can be reduced. Therefore, digital resolution can be increased. Further, the sensitivity of the light receiving element 131 utilizing the band gap decreases as the wavelength becomes short, so by setting the peak wavelength of the light projected from the light emitting element 121 to 500 nm or more, the sensitivity of the light receiving element 131 is maintained. can do. Therefore, the dynamic range of the circuit can be reduced while maintaining the sensitivity, and a plurality of peak value sections can be set with high resolution. That is, since the number of particles having a small particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or less can be determined with high accuracy, the mass concentration can be estimated with higher accuracy.
- the light receiving element 131 includes at least one of a photodiode and a phototransistor having sensitivity to light emitted by the light emitting element 121.
- the particle detection sensor 1 can be realized at low cost.
- the particle detection sensor 1 includes the storage unit 650 storing the correction coefficient fk1, and the processing unit 620 determines the relative relationship by reading the correction coefficient fk1 from the storage unit 650 in the determination process. To correct.
- the correction method of the relative relationship by the processing unit is not limited to this.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of an air purifier provided with a particle detection sensor 1A according to Modification 1 of the embodiment.
- the particle detection sensor 1A shown in the figure is substantially the same as the particle detection sensor 1 according to the embodiment, but differs in that a processing unit 620A is provided instead of the processing unit 620 without the storage unit 650.
- the code 621 including the correction coefficient fk1 is incorporated in the processing unit 620A shown in the figure, and the processing unit 620A executes the code 621 in the determination process (the peak value counting process (S33) in the embodiment).
- the above-mentioned relative relationship may be corrected accordingly.
- the particle detection sensor 1A according to the present modification the same effect as that of the embodiment can be obtained. That is, since the peak value class to which the peak value extracted from the detection signal belongs can be accurately determined, the mass concentration can be estimated with high accuracy.
- the processing unit 620A since the processing unit 620A does not need to read the correction coefficient fk1 from the outside such as a storage unit by incorporating the code 621 including the correction coefficient fk1 in the processing unit 620A, speeding up of the arithmetic processing can be achieved. it can.
- the processing unit corrects the relative relationship between the peak value and the first threshold and calculates the mass concentration using the corrected relative relationship.
- the processing unit may calculate the mass concentration without correcting the relative relationship.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of an air purifier 1000 provided with a particle detection sensor 1B according to the second modification of the embodiment.
- the waveform of the analog signal output from the light receiving element 131 includes the waveform W1 having the crest value VS1, the waveform W2 having the crest value VS2, the waveform W3 having the crest value VS3, and the crest value VS4. And the included waveform W4. Furthermore, the waveform includes the noise waveform WN of the noise floor VN.
- FIG. 19 is a waveform diagram showing an example of a detection signal.
- the detection signal shown in the figure is a signal obtained by sampling (sampling) and quantizing the above-mentioned analog signal, and is, for example, 10-bit time-series digital data.
- the detection signal is a step-like waveform
- FIG. 19 illustrates that the width of the step is very small (appears as a curve).
- the detection signal converted in this manner includes a waveform indicating the intensity of the scattered light from the particles received by the light receiving element 131.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a particle detection process (S30B) according to the present modification.
- the counting process (S33) is performed.
- the processing unit 620B counts the number of extracted peak values for each of the peak value sections (S31). That is, for each of the plurality of peak values extracted from the waveform of the detection signal, any one of the plurality of peak value sections divided by one or more (four in the present embodiment) thresholds (first threshold) The number of peak values is counted for each peak value segment by determining whether it belongs to the peak value segment.
- processing unit 620B determines which of the plurality of peak value sections the extracted peak value belongs to. Thereafter, processing unit 620B counts the number of peak values of each of the peak value sections.
- the threshold value Vt4 is set to correspond to the peak value of noise included in the detection signal.
- one or more (four in the present embodiment) thresholds may be described as a threshold Vt4 (hereinafter referred to as “noise threshold Vt4” corresponding to the peak value of noise included in the detection signal. )including. That is, the threshold value Vt4 is set so that the peak value section BS4 does not include the result due to the noise of the detection signal.
- processing unit 620B uses the peak value segments set in this manner to cause threshold values Vt1 to Vt4 of one or more (four in the present modification) for each of the plurality of peak values extracted from the waveform of the detection signal. It is determined which of the plurality of peak value divisions BS1 to BS4 and BSN divided into which peak value division it belongs.
- the particle number estimation process is substantially the same as the above embodiment, and thus will be described in a simplified manner.
- processing unit 620B determines each of other peak value sections BS1 to BS4 other than the peak value section BSN sectioned with noise threshold value Vt4 as the upper limit among the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4 and BSN. Using the number of peak values and the above-mentioned content ratio in each of the other peak value sections BS1 to BS4, the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size sections BP1 to BP4 is estimated.
- processing unit 620B calculates the mass concentration of particles in the gas using the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size classifications BP1 to BP4 estimated in the particle number estimation process (S34). (S35).
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing specific processing in mass concentration calculation processing (S35).
- the processing unit 620B multiplies the number of particles by the coefficient based on the mass in the particle diameter classification in each of the plurality of particle diameter classifications BP1 to BP4 (S311). Specifically, the processing unit 620B multiplies the value based on the average mass in each of the plurality of particle size divisions BP1 to BP4 as the coefficient.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing an example of the abundance ratio for each particle size according to the present modification
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing an example of the normalized mass of particles according to the embodiment. Note that FIG. 22 shows a case where the abundance ratio of particles in a desired particle size range (0.5 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m in the present embodiment) is constant. Further, FIG. 23 shows an example of the normalized mass when the mass of particles having a particle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m is 1.
- the processing unit 620B compares the number of particles in each particle size category included in the desired particle size range. A value based on the average mass in the particle size division is multiplied as the above coefficient.
- the processing unit 620B multiplies, for the particle diameter division BP3, the particle number NBP3 (see FIG. 16) of the particle diameter division BP3 and a coefficient based on the average mass in the particle diameter division BP3. Further, the processing unit 620B similarly multiplies the particle number NBP4 (see FIG. 16) of the particle diameter division BP4 with the coefficient based on the average mass in the particle diameter division for the particle diameter division BP4.
- the average mass in each particle size classification can be determined, for example, using the normalized mass shown in FIG. Specifically, the average mass in each particle size division is obtained by multiplying the mass of particles of 0.1 ⁇ m in particle diameter acquired in advance by the normalized mass corresponding to the median value of the particle diameter in each particle size division. You can ask for
- the processing unit 620B multiplies the number of particles by a coefficient that is a value based on the average mass in the particle size classification to generate the plurality of particle size classifications BP1 to BP4. Calculate the mass concentration for each of BP4.
- the processing unit 620B adds up the mass concentrations calculated for each of the plurality of particle size divisions BP1 to BP4.
- the multiplication results of the number of particles and the coefficient based on the average mass in each of the plurality of particle size classifications BP1 to BP4 are summed (S312). Thereby, the mass concentration of the particles in the gas is calculated.
- the mass concentration M of the particles in the gas can be expressed by the equation 1 shown in the above embodiment using the number of particles NBPi of the particle diameter division BPi.
- the processing unit 620B when calculating the mass concentration of the particles in the gas in the desired particle size range, adds the calculated mass concentrations in each of the particle size categories included in the desired particle size range.
- the mass concentration in the particle size range can be calculated.
- the processing unit 620B adds the multiplication results in each of all the particle size classifications BP1 to BP4 to calculate the mass concentration of particles in the gas in the particle size range including all the particle size classifications BP1 to BP4. It may be calculated.
- the processing unit 620B divides each of the plurality of peak values VS1 to VS4 extracted from the waveform of the detection signal by one or more threshold values.
- a determination process for determining which peak value segment among the plurality of peak value segments BS1 to BS4 and BSN belongs to, a plurality of peak value segments BS1 to BS4 and A plurality of particles using the number of peak values determined for each of the BSNs, and the content ratio in which each of the plurality of particle size segments BP1 to BP4 is included in each of the plurality of peak value segments BS1 to BS4 and BSN
- the particles contained in the gas are estimated using estimation processing (S34) for estimating the number of particles in each of the diameter classifications BPi and the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle diameter classifications BP1 to BP4.
- the number concentration of each of the particle size divisions BP1 to BP4 is Mass concentration can be estimated. Therefore, mass concentration can be estimated with high accuracy without using a particle sizer. In other words, the mass concentration can be estimated with high accuracy with small size and low cost. Furthermore, since the mass concentration can be estimated for each of the particle size classifications BP1 to BP4, even if the particle size distribution changes, the mass concentration can be estimated with high accuracy. That is, the detection accuracy of particles can be improved.
- the content ratio in one peak value division (for example, peak value division BS3) among the plurality of peak value divisions BS1 to BS4 is the number of peak values determined for the one peak value division (here, NBS 3) and the number of peak values determined here for each of the other peak value segments (here, peak value segments BS1 and BS2) larger than the one peak value segment (here, NBS2), and a detection area DA It is a value based on the change of the signal strength according to the position inside.
- the content ratio can be obtained without performing complicated processing such as inverse operation (deconvolution), for example. Therefore, mass concentration can be calculated with high accuracy by simple arithmetic processing.
- the threshold values Vt1 to Vt4 for dividing the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4 and BSN include the noise threshold value Vt4 corresponding to the peak value of the noise included in the detection signal.
- the number of peak values determined for each of the other peak value sections BS1 to BS4 other than the peak value section BSN sectioned with the noise threshold Vt4 as the upper limit, and the other The number of particles in each of the plurality of particle diameter classifications BP1 to BP4 is estimated using the above-mentioned content ratio in each of the wave height classifications BS1 to BS4.
- the waveform of the detection signal includes a noise waveform caused by noise and a signal waveform caused by particles in the detection area DA.
- a signal caused by particles having a small particle diameter and a signal caused by particles passing through a region having a small optical sensitivity in the detection region may be buried in the noise waveform.
- the noise waveform makes it difficult to calculate the mass concentration with high accuracy.
- the noise waveform includes optical and electrical components, and changes due to temperature characteristics, disturbance, and aging, depending on the application of the particle detection sensor 1B, the noise waveform taking into consideration such a change in the noise waveform. Need to reduce the impact of
- the peak value section BSN divided with the noise threshold value Vt4 corresponding to the peak value of noise as the upper limit is provided, and the processing unit 620B performs the estimation processing on other peak value sections BS1 to BS4 other than the peak value section BSN.
- the processing unit 620B calculates a mass concentration by multiplying the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size divisions BP1 to BP4 by a coefficient based on the average mass in the particle size classification. .
- the mass concentration in each particle size classification can be calculated.
- the particle size range for estimating the mass concentration largely changes depending on the application of the particle detection sensor 1B. Therefore, since the mass concentration can be estimated in a desired particle size range by calculating the mass concentration in each particle size division BP1 to BP4, the particle detection sensor 1B can be easily developed for various uses.
- the processing unit 620B calculates the mass concentration in each of the particle diameter classifications BP3 and BP4 included in a desired particle diameter range (0.5 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m in the present embodiment), The mass concentration in the desired particle size range is calculated by adding up the calculated mass concentrations.
- the particle size range for estimating the mass concentration largely changes depending on the application of the particle detection sensor 1B. Then, the mass concentration in the particle size range according to the various uses for which particle detection sensor 1B is used can be computed by adding up the mass concentration computed about each of the particle size division contained in the desired particle size range.
- the processing unit 620B multiplies the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size categories by the coefficient based on the average mass in the particle size categories in the calculation process. It was decided to calculate the mass concentration of particles in the gas. However, in the calculation processing, the particles in the gas are obtained by multiplying the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle size classifications by a coefficient based on the representative mass in consideration of the abundance ratio of the particles in the particle size classifications The mass concentration of may be calculated.
- PM Particulate Matter
- PM 2.5 refers to particles having an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 um or less.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing passage rate characteristics of a general PM 2.5 particle size dividing apparatus.
- PM 2.5 is a particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere as shown in FIG. 24 and capable of separating 50% or less of particles having a particle size of 2.5 ⁇ m or less. It is defined as “particles collected after removing larger particles using a granulator”.
- the coefficient to be multiplied for each of the particle size classifications is the particle size range based on the above definition. It is set based on the representative mass per piece in consideration of the proportion for each particle size in.
- the processing unit calculates the particle diameter division with respect to the number of particles in each of the plurality of particle diameter divisions in the calculation process.
- the mass concentration of PM2.5 of the gas is calculated by multiplying the coefficient based on the representative mass in consideration of the abundance ratio of the particles in (the passage ratio characteristic shown in FIG. 24 in this modification).
- the representative mass in each particle size classification can be determined, for example, using the abundance ratio of particles in the particle size classification and the normalized mass (see FIG. 23). Specifically, each particle diameter is obtained by multiplying the mass of the particle having a particle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m acquired in advance by a value obtained from the abundance ratio for each particle diameter in each particle diameter division and the normalized mass. The representative mass in the classification can be determined.
- the detection accuracy of the particles is improved. Therefore, the mass concentration of the particles in the gas is high. It can be estimated to accuracy.
- the processing unit 620 performs a peak search.
- the particle detection sensor be configured as follows.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing an example of a part of the particle detection sensor according to the present modification. Specifically, the configuration of the signal conversion unit 610, the processing unit 620, the determination unit 263, and the DA conversion unit 264 is shown in FIG.
- the particle detection sensor according to the present modification further includes a determination unit 263 and a DA conversion unit 264, as compared to the particle detection sensor 1 according to the above-described embodiment.
- Determination unit 263 determines the magnitude relationship between the voltage signal amplified by amplification unit 242 and a predetermined threshold.
- the determination unit 263 is, for example, a comparator that compares the magnitude of the voltage signal amplified by the amplification unit 242 with the magnitude of the threshold, and outputs a signal indicating the comparison result.
- the determination unit 263 outputs 0 when the output voltage of the amplification unit 242 (voltage signal amplified by the amplification unit 242) is less than the reference potential (predetermined threshold), and the determination unit 263 outputs When the output voltage is larger than the reference potential, 1 is output.
- the DA conversion unit 264 is a voltage generation unit that outputs the voltage generated using the determination result of the determination unit 263 to the amplification unit 242. Specifically, the D / A conversion unit 264 monotonously increases or monotonically decreases the voltage to be output during the period until the determination result of the determination unit 263 is switched, and outputs the voltage after the determination result of the determination unit 263 is switched. Maintain. In this modification, the DA conversion unit 264 increases the output voltage linearly, for example, while the output of the determination unit 263 is 0, and outputs the voltage after the output unit of the determination unit 263 switches from 0 to 1 Maintain. That is, the DA conversion unit 264 does not change the output voltage during a period in which the output of the determination unit 263 is 1.
- All of the functions of the determination unit 263 and the DA conversion unit 264 can be realized by using a comparator, a counter, a DA conversion module, and the like that are incorporated in advance in the general-purpose MPU.
- FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the amplifier 242b.
- 27A and 27B are graphs showing the output voltage Vout of the amplifier 242b.
- FIG. 27A shows the case where the input voltage Vin of the amplifier 242b is less than the input offset voltage Vio of the operational amplifier OPamp
- FIG. 27B shows the case where the input voltage Vin of the amplifier 242b is higher than the input offset voltage Vio of the operational amplifier OPamp
- the input offset voltage Vio of the operational amplifier OPamp is shown as a voltage of a constant voltage source outside the operational amplifier OPamp.
- the amplifier 242b includes, for example, an operational amplifier OPamp and resistance elements R1 and R2.
- the voltage amplification factor (gain) of the operational amplifier OPamp is 10 times. Therefore, when the input offset voltage Vio is ⁇ 10 mV, the output offset voltage Eo shown in FIGS. 27A and 27B is ⁇ 100 mV.
- the output voltage Vout of the amplifier 242b is a voltage offset by the output offset voltage Eo with respect to the voltage obtained by amplifying the input voltage Vin.
- the output voltage Vout of the amplifier 242b is reduced (decreased) by the offset voltage Eo by being offset by the output offset voltage Eo. It becomes a voltage. For this reason, in the digital data generated by the AD conversion unit 261, the peak value of the signal is reduced, and it becomes difficult to estimate the particle size with high accuracy.
- the input offset voltage Vio can be canceled by the above configuration.
- the cancel operation of the input offset voltage Vio will be described with reference to FIGS. 28 and 29.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic view schematically showing a connection relationship of the amplifier 242b, the determination unit 263, and the DA conversion unit 264.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the output of the determination unit 263 and the output of the DA conversion unit 264.
- the operational amplifier OPamp is shown among the components constituting the amplifier 242b, and the other components are not shown. Further, in the same drawing, as in FIG. 26, for convenience of explanation, the input offset voltage Vio of the operational amplifier OPamp is shown as the voltage of a constant voltage source outside the operational amplifier OPamp.
- the determination unit 263 receives a signal indicating the comparison result of the input output voltage Vout and the reference potential, to which the output voltage Vout of the amplifier 242 b (the output voltage Vout of the operational amplifier OPamp) is input. Output to H.264. Specifically, the determination unit 263 compares the output voltage Vout with the reference potential, and outputs 0 when the output voltage Vout is lower than the reference potential as shown in FIG. 29, and 1 when the output voltage Vout is higher than the reference potential. Output
- the DA conversion unit 264 outputs a voltage corresponding to the determination result of the determination unit 263 to the amplification unit 242. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 29, the DA conversion unit 264 outputs the voltage while the determination unit 263 determines that the output voltage Vout is less than the reference potential, that is, the voltage output while the output of the determination unit 263 is 0. Raise On the other hand, while the determination unit 263 determines that the output voltage Vout is equal to or higher than the reference potential, the DA conversion unit 264 maintains (fixes) the output voltage while the output of the determination unit 263 is 1 (fixed). Therefore, the DA conversion unit 264 maintains the voltage Vfix when the determination result by the determination unit 263 is switched from 0 to 1 while the output of the determination unit 263 is 1.
- the DA conversion unit 264 receives a voltage according to the determination result of the determination unit 263 as an input to which the input voltage Vin is input out of the two input terminals (non-inversion input terminal and inversion input terminal) of the operational amplifier OPamp. Input to an input terminal different from the terminal (in this case, the inverting input terminal).
- a voltage obtained by adding the output voltage Vda of the DA converter 264 to the input voltage Vin is applied to one input terminal of the operational amplifier OPamp. Therefore, when the output voltage Vda of the DA converter 264 and the input offset voltage Vio are canceled (cancelled), the output offset voltage Eo becomes zero.
- the input offset voltage Vio of the operational amplifier OPamp can be canceled. Therefore, after the cancellation operation of the input offset voltage Vio is completed, that is, after the determination result by the determination unit 263 is switched from 0 to 1, the DA conversion unit 264 outputs the output voltage Vfix to continue the input offset voltage. You can cancel Vio.
- the voltage signal amplified by the amplification unit 242 (the output voltage Vout of the operational amplifier OPamp in the present modification) and the predetermined threshold (the reference in the present modification)
- the input offset voltage Vio of the operational amplifier OPamp can be canceled by outputting the voltage (output voltage Vfix in this modification) generated using the magnitude relationship with the potential) to the amplification unit 242. That is, according to the present modification, the input offset voltage Vio of the operational amplifier OPamp is canceled by performing feedback control by comparing the output offset potential Eo of the operational amplifier OPamp with the reference potential. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the estimation accuracy of the particle size due to the input offset voltage Vio of the operational amplifier OPamp.
- the DA converter 264 linearly (linearly) increases the output voltage Vda. However, it may be nonlinearly monotonously increased, or may be linearly or nonlinearly monotonically decreased.
- the predetermined threshold value is not limited to the reference potential, and may be any voltage appropriately set according to the noise floor or the like of the voltage signal.
- the amplification unit 242 may have a plurality of cascade-connected operational amplifiers.
- the input offset voltage may be canceled for at least one operational amplifier.
- the input offset voltages of all the operational amplifiers may be canceled, or the input offset voltage of the first operational amplifier may be canceled.
- the influence of the input offset voltage in the entire amplification unit 242 can be effectively suppressed. Therefore, it is preferable to cancel the input offset voltage of the first-stage operational amplifier, that is, the operational amplifier closest to the light receiving element 131.
- the timing at which the cancel operation of the input offset voltage Vio is performed is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of canceling the input offset voltage Vio with high accuracy, the signal component corresponding to the particle is included in the current signal output from the sensor unit 200. It is preferable to carry out in a period not Therefore, for example, the cancellation operation is preferably performed in an initialization period when the particle detection sensor is turned on, a light-off period of the light emitting element 121, a period until the stable temperature of the heating device 60 is reached, or the like.
- the processing unit 620 performs a peak search.
- the particle detection sensor is configured as follows from the viewpoint of securing the estimation accuracy of the particle diameter. Is preferred.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing an example of a part of the particle detection sensor according to the present modification. Specifically, the configuration of the signal conversion unit 610, the processing unit 620D, and the gain control unit 265 is shown in FIG.
- the particle detection sensor according to the present modification further includes a gain control unit 265 and a processing unit 620D instead of the processing unit 620, as compared with the particle detection sensor according to the above-described embodiment.
- the gain control unit 265 controls the gain of at least one (both in the present modification) of the IV conversion unit 241 and the amplification unit 242 using the digital data output from the AD conversion unit 261. Specifically, the gain control unit 265 controls the gain in accordance with whether the digital data has reached a predetermined threshold voltage (for example, a saturation voltage or the like). More specifically, the gain control unit 265 outputs, to the IV conversion unit 241 and the amplification unit 242, a control signal that reduces the gain when the digital data reaches the threshold. Further, the gain control unit 265 outputs information indicating the gain to the processing unit 620D.
- a predetermined threshold voltage for example, a saturation voltage or the like
- the gain control unit 265 may control only one of the gains of the IV conversion unit 241 and the amplification unit 242.
- the gain control unit 265 controls the gain of the IV conversion unit 241 by adjusting the current-voltage conversion coefficient of the IV conversion unit 241 using a control signal. Further, the gain control unit 265 controls the gain of the amplification unit 242 by adjusting the voltage amplification factor of the amplification unit 242 by the control signal.
- FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the IV conversion unit 241 in the present modification. Note that the IV conversion unit 241 shown in the same figure may further include a resistive element connected in series with the sensor unit 200 and another resistive element connected in parallel with the resistive element R11, etc. The illustration is omitted.
- the IV conversion unit 241 includes a plurality of resistance elements R11 (eg, resistance elements R11a to R11c) connected in parallel and at least a part of resistance elements R11 of the plurality of resistance elements R11.
- R11 resistance elements
- the IV conversion unit 241 has switch SW11 (switches SW11 b and SW11 c) connected in series with resistive element R11 b and resistive element R11 c).
- the switches SW11 are turned on and off independently of each other by control signals from the gain control unit 265.
- the IV conversion unit 241 adjusts the current-voltage conversion coefficient of the IV conversion unit 241 by turning on and off the switch SW11 according to the control signal from the gain control unit 265. Specifically, the IV conversion unit 241 decreases the current-voltage conversion coefficient as the number of switches SW11 that are turned off increases.
- FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the amplifier 242b in the present modification.
- the amplifier 242b shown in the same figure may further have a resistive element connected in series to the input terminal of the operational amplifier OPamp, and another resistive element connected in parallel with the resistive element R22. The illustration is omitted.
- the amplifier 242b includes an operational amplifier OPamp, a resistance element R21, a plurality of resistance elements R22 (eg, resistance elements R22a to R22c), and at least one switch SW22 (switches SW22b and SW22c).
- the resistance element R21 is inserted between the feedback loop of the operational amplifier OPamp and the ground.
- the plurality of resistor elements R22 are connected in parallel to each other and inserted in the feedback loop of the operational amplifier OPamp.
- the switch SW22 is connected in series to at least a part of the plurality of resistance elements R22 (in the figure, the resistance element R22b and the resistance element R22c), and is independent of each other by the control signal from the gain control unit 265. On and off.
- the switch SW22 is turned on and off in response to the control signal from the gain control unit 265, whereby the voltage amplification factor of the amplifier 242b is adjusted. Specifically, in the amplifier 242b, the voltage amplification factor decreases as the number of switches SW22 that are turned off increases.
- the gain control unit 265 can adjust the gains of the IV conversion unit 241 and the amplification unit 242.
- a function of the gain control unit 265 can be realized by using a comparator, a counter and the like which are incorporated in advance in a general-purpose MPU.
- the processing unit 620D further calculates the particle diameter using the information indicating the gain output from the gain control unit 165 in the particle diameter calculation process, as compared to the processing unit 620 in the above-described embodiment. Specifically, even if the magnitude of the current signal output from the sensor unit 200 is the same, the smaller the gain, the smaller the digital value of the digital data according to the gain. Therefore, the processing unit 620D, for example, holds a gain and a coefficient corresponding to the gain in advance, and corrects a plurality of threshold values for calculating the particle diameter of the particle using the coefficient.
- the processing unit 620D can appropriately calculate the particle diameter of the particles according to the control of the gain by the gain control unit 165.
- the processing unit 620D may calculate the particle size by correcting the digital data with a coefficient corresponding to the gain.
- particle detection sensors are expected to be able to measure the particle size from particles with small particle size (fine particles) to large particles (coarse particles).
- particle detection sensor is adjusted to be able to measure the particle diameter of the microparticles, there is a possibility that the particle diameter of coarse particles can not be measured. That is, since the current signal output from the sensor unit 200 is large for coarse particles, an analog element such as an operational amplifier used in the analog signal processing unit 240 may be saturated and digital data may be saturated. .
- the digital signal may be saturated as in the case of coarse particles, because the current signal is increased by a plurality of particles continuously entering the inside of the sensor unit 200. .
- the gain control unit 265 controls the gain of the analog signal processing unit 240 using digital data, so that the peak of digital data is obtained even when the current signal output from the sensor unit 200 is large. The value can be detected. That is, in this modification, the automatic gain control (AGC) is performed by the gain control unit 265, so that the particle size can be measured for both the fine particles and the coarse particles.
- AGC automatic gain control
- FIG. 33 shows digital in the case where AGC by the gain control unit 265 is not performed (“AGC absent” in the figure) and when it is performed (“AGC present” in the figure) for each of the fine particle and the coarse particle. It is a figure which shows data typically.
- the peak value can be acquired regardless of the presence or absence of AGC by the gain control unit 265.
- the gain control unit 265 controls the gain using the digital data output from the AD conversion unit 261, thereby controlling either the fine particles or the coarse particles. You can also get the peak value of digital data. Also, even when the concentration of particles is high, the peak value of digital data can be acquired by the gain control unit 265 controlling the gain. Therefore, since the particle size can be measured using the peak value, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the estimation accuracy of the particle size.
- the gain control unit 265 may determine what kind of method the digital data has reached the saturation voltage by, for example, determining whether the detection of the peak value of the digital data is successful or not.
- the saturation voltage is used as the threshold voltage at which the gain control unit 265 switches the gain, but the threshold voltage is not limited to this, and any voltage less than the saturation voltage may be used.
- the gain control unit 265 may increase not only the gain but also the gain.
- the gain control unit 265 may increase the gain when the period in which the digital data does not reach the threshold voltage lasts for a relatively long time (for example, 10 minutes).
- the particle size of the microparticles can be measured with high accuracy.
- the particle size of the fine particles can be measured with high accuracy by increasing the gain.
- the gain control unit 265 controls the gain using digital data.
- the gain control unit 265 may control the gain without using digital data, for example, may control to a predetermined gain.
- the gain control unit 265 may control the analog signal processing unit 240 so that the gain of the analog signal processing unit 240 becomes a preset gain.
- the gain control unit 265 may control the analog signal processing unit 240 so that the gain may be set according to the air pollution of the area to which the particle detection sensor is shipped from the factory.
- the gain control unit 265 by controlling the gain by the gain control unit 265, the configurations of the IV conversion unit 241 and the amplification unit 242 can be made common, which complicates the process of designing and manufacturing the particle detection sensor. Can be suppressed.
- the gain for example, a relatively small value is set when the destination to which the particle detection sensor is shipped is a high air pollution area, and a relatively large value if the shipping destination is a low air pollution area Is set.
- the gain control unit 265 may control the gain in accordance with the user's designation.
- the fifth modification of the above embodiment describes the voltage saturation of digital data when the concentration of particles is high.
- the concentration of particles is high, the fluctuation of the current signal output from the sensor unit 200 does not match the fluctuation of the digital data due to the response of an analog element such as a filter constituting the analog signal processing unit Conditions (temporal saturation) may occur. This can be a factor in reducing the estimation accuracy of the particle size.
- the particle detection sensor is preferably configured as follows from the viewpoint of suppressing the decrease in the estimation accuracy of the particle size even when the concentration of the particles is high.
- FIG. 34 is a block diagram showing an example of a part of the particle detection sensor according to the present modification. Specifically, the configuration of the signal conversion unit 610E, the processing unit 620, and the switching control unit 267 is shown in FIG.
- the particle detection sensor according to this modification is an analog signal processing unit 240E having a plurality of amplification units 242 instead of the analog signal processing unit 240 as compared to the particle detection sensor 1 according to the above embodiment. And further includes a switching control unit 267.
- the analog signal processing unit 240E includes a plurality of amplification units 242 (in the present modification, two amplification units 242A and 242B), an IV conversion unit 241, and one of the plurality of amplification units 242.
- the switch SW 31 connects the IV conversion unit 241 and one amplification unit 242 among the plurality of amplification units 242 in accordance with the control signal from the switching control unit 267.
- the switch SW 32 connects the one amplification unit 242 and the AD conversion unit 261 in accordance with the control signal from the switching control unit 267.
- the switching control unit 267 performs a first state in which one of the plurality of amplification units 242 amplifies the voltage signal, and a second state in which the other amplification unit 242 of the plurality of amplification units 242 amplifies the voltage signal. Switch between two states. Specifically, the switching control unit 267 switches between the first state and the second state using time-series digital data sampled and quantized by the AD conversion unit 261. In the present modification, the switching control unit 267 switches between the first state and the second state by switching a control signal that controls connection of the switches SW31 and SW32. Such a function of the switching control unit 267 can be realized using a functional module such as a comparator which is incorporated in advance in the general-purpose MPU.
- the switching control unit 267 switches the amplification unit 242 that amplifies the voltage signal among the plurality of amplification units 242.
- the operation of the switching control unit 267 will be described including the details of the present modification. 35, assuming that one switching unit 267 does not perform switching and one amplification unit 242 amplifies a voltage signal, and one particle is introduced into the detection area DA (“single particle” in the drawing), And, when a plurality of (for example, two) particles having the same particle diameter are introduced ("multiple particles” in the figure), the waveform of the input voltage Vamp_in of the amplification section 242 and the waveform of the output voltage Vamp_out are schematically shown. FIG.
- the waveform of the output voltage Vamp_out is a disorder of the waveform projecting to the low potential side which does not appear in the waveform of the input voltage Vamp_in. So-called undershoots appear. Since the undershoot is caused by the response of an analog element such as a filter that constitutes the amplification unit 242, it is difficult to suppress the occurrence of the undershoot itself.
- the peak value of the waveform of the output voltage Vamp_out may be lower than the original peak value for the particles introduced later among the two particles of the same particle diameter introduced continuously. That is, an error may occur in the output voltage Vamp_out. In this case, an error corresponding to the error of the output voltage Vamp_out occurs also in the digital data AD-converted by the AD converter 261, so that there is a problem that the estimation accuracy of the particle diameter is lowered.
- the switching control unit 267 switches the amplification unit 242 that amplifies the voltage signal, so that it is possible to suppress the decrease in the estimation accuracy of the particle size even when the concentration of particles is high.
- FIG. 36 While also describing an example of the operation of the switching control unit 267.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram for describing an effect exerted by the particle detection sensor according to the present modification.
- the figure is a diagram when two particles of the same particle size are continuously introduced into the detection area DA, and (a) in the figure is a graph showing the output voltage of the amplification unit 242A.
- (b) is a graph showing the output voltage of the amplification unit 242B, and (c) in the figure is a graph showing digital data.
- grains is shown, and illustration is abbreviate
- the switching control unit 267 causes the amplification unit 242A of the plurality of amplification units 242 to amplify the voltage signal. Specifically, the switching control unit 267 causes the switch SW31 to connect the IV conversion unit 241 and the amplification unit 242A, and causes the switch SW32 to connect the amplification unit 242A and the AD conversion unit 261.
- the switching control unit 267 detects a peak of digital data by performing the peak search described in the above embodiment.
- the voltage signal is sent to the amplification unit 242B instead of the amplification unit 242A.
- the switching control unit 267 causes the switch SW31 to connect the IV conversion unit 241 and the amplification unit 242B, and causes the switch SW32 to connect the amplification unit 242B and the AD conversion unit 261.
- the switching control unit 267 causes the amplification unit 242 (the amplification unit 242A in this modification) of the plurality of amplification units 242 to amplify the voltage signal.
- the first state is switched to the second state in which the voltage signal is amplified by the other one of the plurality of amplification units 242 (in the present modification, the amplification unit 242B).
- the voltage signal amplified by one amplification unit 242 and the voltage signal amplified by the other amplification unit 242 can be made independent signals that are not influenced by each other. Therefore, even in a period in which undershoot occurs in the voltage signal amplified by one amplifier 242, the voltage signal amplified by the other amplifier 242 is not influenced by the undershoot. Therefore, by switching between the first state and the second state, it is possible to reduce the peak error of the pulse waveform even when the time interval of the pulse waveform is short because the concentration of particles is high. Therefore, even if the concentration of particles is high, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the estimation accuracy of the particle diameter.
- grain detection sensor was provided with the two amplifier parts 242, the amplifier part 242 should just be plural and may be three or more.
- the switching control unit 267 switches from the first state to the second state at a time point (time Tsw21) at which the digital data reaches the reference value after the peak is detected.
- the switching timing of 267 is not limited to this, and for example, as shown in FIG. 37, switching may be performed at timing when it becomes a predetermined value different from the reference value.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram for describing an effect exerted by another example of the particle detection sensor according to the present modification.
- this figure is a diagram in the case where two particles of the same particle size are continuously introduced to the detection area DA, and (a) in the figure is an amplification section 242A.
- 8B is a graph showing an output voltage of the amplifier 242B
- FIG. 7C is a graph showing digital data.
- (b) and (c) of the figure only the pulse waveform corresponding to particle
- the switching control unit 267 causes the amplification unit 242B to amplify the voltage signal instead of the amplification unit 242A when the digital data reaches a predetermined value (time Tsw22), that is, when the output voltage of the amplification unit 242A reaches the threshold potential. . That is, at this point in time, the switching control unit 267 switches from the first state in which the amplification unit 242A amplifies the voltage signal to the second state in which the amplification unit 242B amplifies the voltage signal.
- the predetermined value is preferably a value corresponding to a voltage lower than the reference potential by the amplitude of noise or more. Such a value can suppress unnecessary switching of the switching control unit 267 due to the influence of noise or the like.
- the particle detection sensor includes the AD conversion unit 261 common to the two amplification units 242, but, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 38, AD corresponding to each amplification unit 242 A converter 261 may be provided.
- FIG. 38 is a block diagram showing another example of the configuration of part of the particle detection sensor according to the present modification. Specifically, the configuration of the signal conversion unit 610F, the processing unit 620F, and the switching control unit 267F is shown in FIG.
- the particle detection sensor shown in the figure includes an AD conversion unit 261 (AD conversion units 261A and 261B) corresponding to each of the amplification units 242 (the amplification units 242A and 242B), as compared to the particle detection sensor described above. It does not have the switch SW32.
- the switching control unit 267F in the present variation uses the time-series digital data sampled and quantized by each AD conversion unit 261 to switch between the first state and the second state.
- the switching control unit 267F may have a switch function corresponding to the switch SW32.
- Such a function of the switching control unit 267F can be realized using a functional module of a general-purpose MPU, as in the case of the switching control unit 267 described above.
- the voltage signal amplified by one amplification unit 242 (in the present modification, amplification unit 242A) and the voltage signal amplified by the other one amplification unit 242 are independent signals that are not influenced by each other. It can be done. Therefore, even in a period in which undershoot occurs in digital data sampled and quantized by one AD conversion unit 261 (here, AD conversion unit 261A), another one AD conversion unit 261 (here) The digital data sampled and quantized by the AD conversion unit 261 B) is not affected by the undershoot. Therefore, even with such a configuration, the same effect as the particle detection sensor described above can be obtained.
- each amplification part 242 is comprised with an analog element, characteristics, such as an amplification factor, may differ between the process parts 620 by the dispersion
- the processing unit 620 has a correction coefficient corresponding to each of the plurality of amplification units 242 from the viewpoint of securing the estimation accuracy of the particle size even when the concentration of particles is high, and using the correction coefficient It is preferable to calculate the particle size.
- the processing unit 620 may have a correction factor that decreases as the amplification factor increases as the amplification factor increases, and may correct a plurality of threshold values for calculating the particle size of particles using the correction factor.
- the processing unit corrects the relative relationship between the peak value and the threshold value by correcting the threshold value for dividing the plurality of peak value sections BS1 to BS4.
- the correction method of the relative relationship by the processing unit is not limited to this.
- the processing unit may correct the relative relationship by correcting each of the plurality of extracted peak values in the determination process.
- each of the plurality of peak values may be corrected with reference to an arbitrary level (for example, noise floor VN) in the detection signal.
- the same effects as those of the embodiment can be obtained by such a particle detection sensor. That is, since the peak value class to which the peak value extracted from the detection signal belongs can be accurately determined, the mass concentration can be estimated with high accuracy.
- particle size divisions BPi of particles of 5.0 ⁇ m or more, 2.5 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m, 1.0 to 2.5 ⁇ m and 0.5 to 1.0 ⁇ m are used. But it is not limited to this. The number and range of particle size divisions may be arbitrarily set according to the equipment etc. on which the particle detection sensor is mounted.
- the peak value classification may be arbitrarily set according to the setting of the particle size classification or the accuracy of the particle detection sensor.
- FIG. 39 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the urban atmosphere.
- the particle size distribution of PM2.5 has a distribution as shown in the figure, for example, when calculating the mass concentration of PM2.5 in a particle detection sensor whose detection lower limit of particle size is 0.3 ⁇ m, , 0.3 to 0.4 ⁇ m, 0.4 to 0.6 ⁇ m, 0.6 to 2.5 ⁇ m, and 2.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the number of particle size divisions and the number of peak value divisions do not necessarily have to be the same.
- the light emitting element 121 emits light having a peak wavelength of 500 nm or more and 700 nm or less.
- the peak wavelength of light emitted by the light emitting element 121 is not limited thereto. It may be 700 nm or more and 1000 nm or less.
- the timing of correcting the relative relationship is not limited. That is, the processing unit may correct the relative relationship only once before the peak value counting process (S33), or may correct the relative relationship each time the peak value is extracted from the detection signal.
- processing units in the above-described embodiment and the modification thereof, or each component in the general-purpose MPU in the above-described embodiment and the modification thereof may be configured by dedicated hardware or may be suitable for each component It may be realized by executing a software program.
- Each component may be realized by a program execution unit such as a CPU or a processor reading and executing a software program recorded in a recording medium such as a hard disk or a semiconductor memory.
- one or more threshold values (first threshold values) for dividing a plurality of peak value sections are set at an arbitrary number and interval according to the particle size distribution to be measured. I don't care.
- one or more threshold values (second threshold values) for dividing a plurality of particle size divisions may be set at an arbitrary number and interval depending on the particle size distribution to be measured.
- the first threshold and the second threshold can be calculated reversely (for example, It can be set in advance without performing deconvolution and the like. Therefore, the mass concentration can be calculated with high accuracy in a short measurement time and with a simpler calculation process.
- first threshold and the second threshold may be set at an arbitrary number and an interval according to the particle size distribution of which both of them are to be measured, or only one of them may be set.
- the medium containing particles is a gas (air), but may be a medium (a liquid such as water) other than a gas.
- the configuration of the sensor unit is not limited to the configuration described in the above description, and includes at least a light emitting element and a light receiving element.
- the particles contained in the gas may be detected by receiving the scattered light of the light by the light receiving element. Even with such a configuration, the particle detection sensor including the particle detection sensor can measure the particle size of the particles contained in the gas.
- the configuration of the amplification unit is not limited to the configuration described above, and at least the voltage signal output from the IV conversion unit 241 may be amplified in a predetermined band. That is, the amplification unit may not include the band pass filter 242a, and may include a high pass filter, a low pass filter, or the like. Also, the amplifier 242b may be one stage or plural stages.
- the configuration of the general-purpose MPU is not limited to the configuration described above, and it is sufficient to include at least an AD conversion unit 261 that samples and quantizes the voltage signal amplified by the amplification unit 242. Even with such a configuration, the particle detection sensor including the general-purpose MPU can perform waveform analysis and the like using the digital data generated by the AD conversion unit 261, and various types of particles contained in gas can be obtained. Analysis of the Thus, the particle size of the particles can be measured.
- the digital data generated by the AD conversion unit 261 may be subjected to FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to detect noise included in the voltage signal and remove the detected noise.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- the processing unit 620 is not limited to the above description, and may calculate (calculate) the particle diameter of the particles using at least digital data and a correction coefficient. For example, the processing unit 620 obtains the peak value of the digital data, corrects the peak value using the obtained peak value, and the correction coefficient fk1 stored in the storage unit 650, and uses the corrected peak value to use the particle The particle size may be calculated.
- the correction coefficient is not limited to one generated by writing in the manufacturing process, and may be generated, for example, each time a predetermined time elapses after the sensor unit 200 is activated. As described above, by using the correction coefficient generated after the activation of the sensor unit 200, the particle detection sensor 1 can suppress the deterioration of the accuracy of the particle diameter calculation due to the deterioration or the like of the component constituting the sensor unit 200.
- the correction coefficient stored in storage unit 650 is based on the value calculated based on the current output from sensor unit 200 when the reference particle is introduced into detection area DA. Not limited to this.
- the correction coefficient only needs to correspond to the sensitivity of the sensor unit 200 mounted on at least the particle detection sensor on which the storage unit 650 is mounted.
- the particle detection sensor may be mounted on any other device such as a dust sensor, a smoke sensor shown in FIG. 41, a ventilation fan shown in FIG. 42 or an air conditioner such as an air conditioner shown in FIG.
- the embodiment can be obtained by performing various modifications that those skilled in the art may think of for each embodiment and modification.
- the forms to be realized are also included in the present disclosure.
- the gain may be controlled for each of the plurality of amplification units 242 by combining the sixth modification of the above embodiment with the fifth modification of the above embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
実施の形態に係る粒子検出センサについて、図1~図16を用いて説明する。本実施の形態では、粒子検出センサが、空気清浄機に備えられている場合について説明する。
まず、実施の形態に係る空気清浄機の構成について説明する。図1は、実施の形態に係る粒子検出センサ1を備える空気清浄機1000の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
次に、実施の形態に係るセンサ部200の構成について、図2~図4を用いて説明する。図2~図4はそれぞれ、実施の形態に係るセンサ部200の一例を示す斜視図、分解斜視図、及び、筐体内部の一例を示す断面図である。図4は、より詳細には、本実施の形態に係る背面カバー110及び前面カバー100の内部構造を示す概観斜視図である。
筐体10は、センサ部200の本体部であり、内部には、検知領域DA、光学系20、ホコリ抑制壁30、第一光トラップ40、第二光トラップ50及び加熱装置60が設けられている。本実施の形態では、筐体10は、前面カバー100と、背面カバー110との2つの部材によって構成される。
光学系20は、図2~図4に示すように、筐体10の背面カバー110に配置されて、前面カバー100によって挟まれることで、筐体10の内部に収納されている。投光系120と受光系130とは、図4に示すように、各々の光軸(光軸P及び光軸Q)が交差するように配置されている。
次に、本実施の形態に係る粒子検出センサ1の動作について、説明する。
まず、粒子検出センサ1が粒子を検出するメカニズムについて説明する。
[2-2-1.アナログ信号処理]
信号変換部610は、センサ部200から出力された電流信号に対して各種の信号処理を施すことにより、当該電流信号に基づくアナログ電圧信号を出力するアナログ信号処理を行う。ここで、各種の信号処理とは、例えば、電流(I)を電圧(V)に変換するI/V変換、入力された信号の所望の周波数帯域を通過させるバンドパスフィルタ処理、及び、入力された信号を増幅して出力する増幅処理である。
IV変換部241は、受光素子131から出力された電流を電圧に変換(IV変換)する。つまり、IV変換部241は、センサ部200から出力された電流信号を電圧信号に変換する。このように電圧信号に変換することにより、IV変換部241の後段に接続された増幅部242の設計が容易になる。
増幅部242は、IV変換部241で変換された電圧信号の所定の帯域を増幅する。具体的には、当該電圧信号に含まれる周波数成分のうち所定の帯域の周波数成分を、他の帯域の周波数成分よりも高い増幅率で増幅する。ここで、所定の帯域とは、例えば、中心周波数をセンサ部200の粒子流路内に流れる気体の流速v1に対応する周波数f1とし、帯域幅をfbwとする帯域である。なお、fbwは所定の周波数であってもよいし、電圧信号のノイズフロアに応じて適宜設定される周波数であってもよい。言い換えれば、増幅部242は、IV変換部241で変換された電圧信号を増幅し、粒子に対応したパルス波形を含む電圧信号に変換する。
AD変換部261は、増幅部242で増幅された電圧信号をサンプリング(標本化)及び量子化する。言い換えると、当該AD変換部261は、アナログ信号処理部240から出力されたアナログの電圧信号をAD(Analog to Digital)変換することにより、当該電圧信号に対応する時系列のデジタルデータを生成する。つまり、AD変換部261は、センサ部200から出力された電流信号に基づく時系列のデジタルデータを生成する。
汎用MPUは、さらに、処理部620を有し、アナログ信号処理部240から出力されたアナログ電圧信号を用いて、センサ部200の粒子流路内に流れる気体に含まれる粒子の粒径を算出する。この汎用MPUは、例えば、集積回路であるシステムLSIにより実現され、以下で説明する構成毎に個別に1チップ化されてもよいし、一部又は全てを含むように1チップ化されてもよい。
なお、特に図示していないが、粒子検出センサ1は、各構成(センサ部200、及び、信号変換部610等)に対して、電源を供給する電源部を備える。この電源部は、例えば、粒子検出センサ1の外部から供給された電圧を所望の電圧に変換するレギュレータ等により構成される。
処理部620は、時系列のデジタルデータのピークを検出し(以下、これを「ピークサーチ」と称する)、検出したピークの値は、検出粒子に対応した波高値である。
以下、粒子検出処理(S30)における詳細な処理について、説明する。図9は、実施の形態に係る粒子検出処理を示すフローチャートである。
ここで、波高値区分の設定について、説明する。
ここで、信号変換部610で生成されたデジタルデータである検知信号は、粒子検出センサ1の感度に依存した値である。
まず、記憶部650への補正係数fk1の初期設定処理について、説明する。この補正係数fk1は、例えば、粒子検出センサ1の製造工程において書き込まれている。
次に、上述の補正処理(S32)について、具体的に説明する。
次に、処理部620による波高値区分の判定及び計数処理について、説明する。処理部620は、上述のように補正された閾値Vt1~Vt4によって区分けされる波高値区分を用いて、検知信号の波形から抽出された複数の波高値の各々について、いずれの波高値区分に属するかを判定する。
処理部620は、図9に示すように、波高値計数処理(S33)の後、粒径区分各々の粒子数を推定する(S34)。具体的には、処理部620は、複数の波高値区分BS1~BS4、BSNの各々について判定された波高値の個数、及び、複数の波高値区分BS1~BS4、BSNの各々において1以上(本実施の形態では4つ)の閾値(第二閾値)により区分けされた複数の粒径区分BPiが含まれる含有比率を用いて、当該複数の粒径区分BPiの各々における粒子数を推定する。
次に、処理部620は、図9に示すように、粒子数推定処理(S34)で推定された複数の粒径区分BP1~BP4の各々における粒子数を用いて、気体中の粒子の質量濃度を算出する(S35)。
ここで、一般的に、同一粒径に対する粒子検出センサ個体間の検知信号の大小を調整する方法としては、例えば、ボリューム抵抗等を用いて、アナログ的に出力ゲインを調整する方法が挙げられる。しかしながら、このようなアナログ的な調整方法は非常に煩雑であるという問題がある。
なお、上記実施の形態では、粒子検出センサ1は、補正係数fk1を記憶している記憶部650を備え、処理部620は、判定処理において、記憶部650から補正係数fk1を読み出すことにより相対関係を補正するとした。しかし、処理部による相対関係の補正方法はこれに限らない。
次に、実施の形態の変形例2について、説明する。
次に、本変形例に係る粒子検出センサ1Bの動作について、上記実施の形態と異なる点を中心に説明する。具体的には、本変形例では上記実施の形態と比べて処理部620Bの動作(処理)が異なる。
以下、本変形例に係る処理部620Bの動作について、上記実施の形態と異なる点を中心に説明する。
以下、本変形例の粒子検出処理における詳細な処理について、説明する。図20は、本変形例に係る粒子検出処理(S30B)を示すフローチャートである。
波高値区分の設定については、上記実施の形態とほぼ同様であるため、簡略化して説明する。
粒子数推定処理については、上記実施の形態とほぼ同様であるため、簡略化して説明する。
処理部620Bは、図20に示すように、粒子数推定処理(S34)で推定された複数の粒径区分BP1~BP4の各々における粒子数を用いて、気体中の粒子の質量濃度を算出する(S35)。
以上のように、実施の形態に係る粒子検出センサ1Bによれば、処理部620Bは、検知信号の波形から抽出された複数の波高値VS1~VS4の各々について、1以上の閾値により区分けされた複数の波高値区分BS1~BS4、BSNのうちのいずれの波高値区分に属するかを判定する判定処理(本変形例における波高値計数処理(S33))と、複数の波高値区分BS1~BS4及びBSNの各々について判定された波高値の個数、及び、複数の波高値区分BS1~BS4及びBSNの各々において複数の粒径区分BP1~BP4の各々が含まれる含有比率とを用いて、複数の粒径区分BPiの各々における粒子数を推定する推定処理(S34)と、複数の粒径区分BP1~BP4の各々における粒子数を用いて、気体中に含まれる粒子の質量濃度を算出する算出処理(S35)とを実行する。
なお、上記実施の形態の変形例2では、処理部620Bは、算出処理において、複数の粒径区分の各々における粒子数に対して、当該粒径区分における平均質量に基づく係数を乗ずることにより、気体中の粒子の質量濃度を算出することとした。しかし、処理部は、算出処理において、複数の粒径区分の各々における粒子数に対して、当該粒径区分における粒子の存在比率を考慮した代表質量に基づく係数を乗ずることにより、気体中の粒子の質量濃度を算出してもよい。
次に、実施の形態の変形例4について、説明する。
次に、実施の形態の変形例5について、説明する。
次に、実施の形態の変形例6について、説明する。
以上、本発明について実施の形態及び変形例に基づいて説明したが、本発明は、上記の実施の形態及び変形例に限定されるものではない。
2、 粒子
121 投光素子
131 受光素子
241 IV変換部
242、242A、242B 増幅部
261、261A、261B AD変換部
620、620A、620B、620D、620F 処理部
650 記憶部
DA 検知領域
Claims (16)
- 気体中に含まれる粒子を検出する粒子検出センサであって、
投光素子と、
検知領域における前記粒子による前記投光素子の光の散乱光を受光する受光素子と、
前記受光素子からの出力を示す検知信号を用いて前記気体中に含まれる前記粒子の質量濃度を算出する処理部とを備え、
前記処理部は、
前記検知信号の波形から抽出された複数の波高値と1以上の第一閾値との相対関係を補正し、補正後の相対関係を用いて、前記複数の波高値の各々について、前記第一閾値により区分けされた複数の波高値区分のうちのいずれの波高値区分に属するかを判定する判定処理を実行することにより、前記質量濃度を算出する
粒子検出センサ。 - 前記処理部は、前記判定処理において、
前記複数の波高値区分の各々における上限と下限との差の比率が当該複数の波高値区分の間で維持されるように前記第一閾値の各々を補正することにより、前記相対関係を補正する
請求項1に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記処理部は、前記判定処理において、
前記検知信号における任意のレベルを基準として前記第一閾値の各々を補正する
請求項2に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記処理部は、前記判定処理において、
抽出された前記複数の波高値の各々を補正することにより、前記相対関係を補正する
請求項1に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記処理部は、前記判定処理において、
前記検知信号における任意のレベルを基準として前記複数の波高値の各々を補正する
請求項4に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記処理部は、前記判定処理において、
前記検知領域に所定の粒径を有する基準粒子が導入された場合における前記受光素子からの出力に基づいて、前記相対関係を補正する
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記処理部は、さらに、
前記判定処理によって前記複数の波高値区分の各々について判定された前記波高値の個数、及び、前記複数の波高値区分の各々において1以上の第二閾値により区分けされた複数の粒径区分の各々が含まれる含有比率を用いて、前記複数の粒径区分の各々における粒子数を推定する推定処理と、
前記複数の粒径区分の各々における粒子数を用いて、前記質量濃度を算出する算出処理とを実行する
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記複数の波高値区分のうち一の波高値区分における前記含有比率は、当該一の波高値区分について判定された前記波高値の個数と、当該一の波高値区分より大きい他の波高値区分の各々について判定された前記波高値の個数、及び、前記検知領域内の位置に応じた信号強度の変化とに基づく値である
請求項7に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記第一閾値及び前記第二閾値の少なくとも一方は、
測定対象となる粒径分布に応じて任意の個数及び間隔で設定される
請求項7又は8に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記第一閾値は、前記検知信号に含まれるノイズの波高値に対応するノイズ閾値を含み、
前記処理部は、前記推定処理において、
前記複数の波高値区分のうち前記ノイズ閾値を上限として区分けされた波高値区分以外の他の波高値区分の各々について判定された前記波高値の個数、及び、当該他の波高値区分の各々における前記含有比率を用いて、前記複数の粒径区分の各々における粒子数を推定する
請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記処理部は、前記算出処理において、
前記複数の粒径区分の各々における粒子数に対して、当該粒径区分における平均質量に基づく係数を乗ずることにより、前記質量濃度を算出する
請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記処理部は、前記算出処理において、
前記複数の粒径区分の各々における粒子数に対して、当該粒径区分における粒子の存在比率を考慮した代表質量に基づく係数を乗ずることにより、前記質量濃度を算出する
請求項7~11のいずれか1項に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記処理部は、前記算出処理において、
所望の粒径範囲に含まれる粒径区分の各々における前記質量濃度を算出し、算出した質量濃度を合算することにより当該所望の粒径範囲における前記質量濃度を算出する
請求項7~12のいずれか1項に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記投光素子は、500nm以上かつ700nm以下にピーク波長を持つ光を投光し、
1以上の前記第一閾値のいずれか1つは、1.0μm以下の粒径に対応する値である
請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - さらに、前記受光素子から出力された電流を電圧に変換することにより電圧信号を生成するIV変換部と、
前記電圧信号を所定の帯域で増幅する増幅部と、
前記増幅部で増幅された電圧信号をサンプリング及び量子化するAD変換部とを備える
請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の粒子検出センサ。 - 前記粒子検出センサは、さらに、当該粒子検出センサの感度に応じた補正係数を記憶している記憶部を備え、
前記補正係数は、前記検知領域に所定の粒径を有する標準粒子が導入された場合に前記受光素子から出力された電流に基づいて算出された値であり、
前記処理部は、前記補正係数を用いて前記相対関係を補正する
請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の粒子検出センサ。
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KR101913973B1 (ko) | 2018-10-31 |
CN106574898B (zh) | 2019-07-12 |
EP3214429A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
EP3214429B1 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
EP3214429A4 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
CN106574898A (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
KR20170036719A (ko) | 2017-04-03 |
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