WO2014129530A1 - 切削工具 - Google Patents
切削工具 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014129530A1 WO2014129530A1 PCT/JP2014/053994 JP2014053994W WO2014129530A1 WO 2014129530 A1 WO2014129530 A1 WO 2014129530A1 JP 2014053994 W JP2014053994 W JP 2014053994W WO 2014129530 A1 WO2014129530 A1 WO 2014129530A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flank
- columnar
- average
- coating layer
- crystal
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0664—Carbonitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3464—Sputtering using more than one target
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/50—Substrate holders
- C23C14/505—Substrate holders for rotation of the substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/10—Coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/10—Coatings
- B23B2228/105—Coatings with specified thickness
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cutting tool having a coating layer formed on the surface of a substrate.
- the cutting tool has a coating layer formed on the surface of a base made of a sintered alloy such as cemented carbide or cermet, a high-hardness sintered body of diamond or cBN (cubic boron nitride), or a ceramic such as alumina or silicon nitride. Therefore, methods for improving wear resistance and fracture resistance are used.
- a sintered alloy such as cemented carbide or cermet
- a ceramic such as alumina or silicon nitride. Therefore, methods for improving wear resistance and fracture resistance are used.
- Patent Document 1 a second columnar crystal of a TiAlN-based coating layer laminated in two layers is grown in an oblique direction at an angle of 1 to 15 ° on average with respect to a direction orthogonal to the surface of the substrate.
- a coating film (coating layer) is disclosed.
- the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to optimize the crystal state of the coating layer on the rake face and the flank face, to suppress crater wear on the rake face and to provide chipping resistance on the flank face.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool that enhances and improves the cutting performance comprehensively.
- the cutting tool of the present invention comprises a base body and a coating layer made of columnar crystals that covers the surface of the base body, and a cutting edge is a cross ridge line between the rake face and the flank face, and the surface of the base body at the flank face
- the average inclination angle in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal with respect to the direction orthogonal to the vertical direction is larger than the average inclination angle in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal with respect to the direction orthogonal to the surface of the substrate on the rake face.
- Another cutting tool of the present invention comprises a base and a coating layer made of a columnar crystal covering the surface of the base, and a cross edge between the rake face and the flank face is used as a cutting edge, and the columnar shape is formed on the flank face.
- the average direction of the longitudinal direction of the crystal is inclined with respect to the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, and the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal at the flank is greater than the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal at the rake face. Is also big.
- the coating layer is made of a columnar crystal
- the average inclination angle of the columnar crystal in the longitudinal direction with respect to the direction orthogonal to the surface of the substrate at the flank is a direction orthogonal to the surface of the substrate at the rake surface. It is larger than the average inclination angle in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal. That is, the average direction in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal is inclined more obliquely with respect to the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate than on the rake face.
- the tilt angle of the columnar crystal is smaller than that of the flank on the rake face, the hardness of the coating layer is high and crater wear can be suppressed.
- the average orientation of the columnar crystals in the longitudinal direction on the flank is inclined with respect to the direction orthogonal to the surface of the substrate, and the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystals on the flank is It is larger than the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal on the rake face.
- the coating layer is likely to become high temperature and easily oxidized, but since the grain boundaries of the crystals constituting the coating layer increase, the oxidation of the coating layer that tends to proceed along this grain boundary is suppressed. Can do. As a result, the oxidation resistance of the coating layer on the rake face is improved, and crater wear that tends to proceed on the rake face can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic perspective view about an example of the cutting tool of this invention. It is the principal part enlarged view about (a) rake face and (b) flank of the cutting tool of FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the film-forming apparatus in the film-forming process of the coating layer of the cutting tool of FIGS. It is a schematic diagram which shows the rotation state of the sample of the film-forming apparatus of FIG.
- the cutting tool 1 includes a base 2 and a coating layer 6 that covers the surface of the base 2.
- the covering layer 6 is composed of elongated columnar crystals 7.
- the columnar crystal 7 is defined as a direction in which the longest length of the crystal is the longitudinal direction of the crystal, and the longest length among the directions orthogonal to the longitudinal direction is the length in the width direction of the crystal.
- the cutting tool 1 has a rake face 3 on the main surface, a flank face 4 on the side face, and a cutting edge 5 on the intersecting ridge line between the rake face 3 and the flank face 4.
- the cutting tool 1 of FIG. 1 is a so-called negative type cutting insert in which the main surface is a substantially flat plate having a polygonal shape and both main surfaces can be used, and the back surface of the rake surface 3 constitutes a seating surface 8. When turning over and using again, the rake face 3 and the seating face 8 are reversed.
- the present invention is not limited to a negative type cutting insert, and can be suitably used for a positive type cutting insert in which only one main surface is a rake face 3, for example.
- the present invention can be applied to a circular or non-planar main surface, and can also be applied to a rotary tool.
- the cutting tool 1 has an average inclination angle ⁇ 2 in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal 7 with respect to a direction perpendicular to the surface of the base body 2 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a film thickness direction) on the flank 4.
- the average inclination angle ⁇ 1 in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal 7 with respect to the film thickness direction on the rake face 3 is larger.
- the rake face 3 since the tilt angle of the columnar crystal 7 is smaller than that of the flank face 4 ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2), the hardness of the coating layer 6 is high and crater wear can be suppressed. As a result, the life of the cutting tool 1 is extended.
- the tilt angle of the columnar crystal 7 is measured in the field of view of 10 ⁇ m wide ⁇ thickness of the coating layer using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- EBSD electron backscatter diffraction
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the inclination angle ⁇ 2 of the flank 4 is measured.
- the contour of each crystal is specified by confirming the orientation direction of each crystal plane of the coating layer 6 by the EBSD method with a color map. Then, from the outline of each columnar crystal 7, the longest direction is measured as the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal 7, and the inclination from the film thickness direction, that is, the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 2 is measured as the inclination angle. Is calculated as an average inclination angle. At this time, the orientation of the granular crystal having an aspect ratio smaller than 1.5 other than the columnar crystal 7 included in the coating layer 6 is not included in the calculation of the inclination angle of the columnar crystal.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 2 of the columnar crystal 7 on the flank 4 is 10 to 50 °
- the inclination angle ⁇ 1 of the columnar crystal 7 on the rake face 3 is 0 to 20 °.
- the cutting edge 5 has a curved nose cutting edge 5a and a linear straight cutting edge 5b, and a nose portion 9 is provided on the flank 4 immediately below the nose cutting edge 5a.
- the average inclination angle ⁇ 3 (not shown) in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal 7 in the nose portion 9 is larger than the inclination angle ⁇ 2 in the flank 4.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 3 of the columnar crystal 7 in the nose portion 9 is an electron backscattering with respect to the coating layer 6 of the nose portion 9 on the polished surface obtained by polishing the cutting tool 1 by 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm from the rake face 3 side.
- EBSD diffraction method
- the direction in which the longest straight line can be drawn is taken as the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal, and the inclination angle, which is the inclination from the film thickness direction in this longitudinal direction, is measured. Calculate as the angle of inclination.
- the inclination angle of the flank 4 immediately below the straight cutting edge 5b is defined as the inclination angle ⁇ 2 of the flank 4.
- the overall composition of the coating layer 6 is (Al 1-ab Ti a M b ) C 1-d N d (where M is a group of the fourth, fifth and sixth groups in the periodic table excluding Ti).
- M is a group of the fourth, fifth and sixth groups in the periodic table excluding Ti.
- the hardness and oxidation resistance of the coating layer are high, crater wear on the rake face 3 can be suppressed, and progress of wear on the flank face can also be suppressed.
- the covering layer 6 may have a uniform structure as a whole, or may be a multilayer of two or more layers.
- a unit layer having two or more types of thicknesses ranging from nm to several tens of nm is periodically repeated.
- a laminated structure may also be used.
- the coating layer 6 is a multilayer of two or more layers, it is not limited to the case where the composition of each layer is within the range of the overall composition of the coating layer 6, and the layer does not contain at least one of Ti and Al. May be included.
- M 1 or more types chosen from Cr, W, Mo, Ta, Hf, Nb, Zr, Si, and Y are desirable, but when one or more types of Cr, Si, Nb, Mo, and W are contained, hardness Excellent wear resistance. Furthermore, if M is Nb or Mo, the oxidation resistance at high temperature is excellent, and therefore, for example, the progress of crater wear in high-speed cutting can be suppressed.
- Ti and Al are based on a cubic TiN crystal structure and are replaced with Al, and are excellent in wear resistance and fracture resistance.
- C and N which are non-metallic components of the coating layer 6 affect the hardness and toughness required for the cutting tool.
- d N content ratio
- the composition of the coating layer 6 can be measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EPMA) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- EPMA energy dispersive spectroscopy
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the structure of the coating layer 6 is fine, the detailed structure can be confirmed by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the detailed composition can be confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). .
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- the ratio (tf / tr) between the thickness tf of the coating layer 6 on the flank 4 and the thickness tr of the coating layer 6 on the rake face 3 is 1.2 to 3.
- the wear resistance of the flank 4 is improved, and the flank wear can be reduced to extend the tool life.
- the ratio tn / tf between the thickness tn of the covering layer 6 at the nose portion 9 and the thickness tf of the covering layer 6 at the flank 4 is 1.2 to 2.0. Thereby, the wear resistance of the nose portion 9 can also be improved.
- the thicknesses tr, tf, and tn at the rake face 3, the flank face 4, and the nose portion 9 of the covering layer 6 indicate the average values of the thicknesses at the respective positions of the covering layer 6.
- the thickness can be determined by measuring the thickness at five arbitrary points and taking the average value.
- the substrate 2 may be a cemented carbide or cermet hard alloy composed of a hard phase mainly composed of tungsten carbide or titanium carbonitride and a binder phase mainly composed of an iron group metal such as cobalt or nickel, or silicon nitride.
- Hard materials such as ultra-high pressure sintered bodies that fire ceramics and aluminum oxide as a main component, hard phases composed of polycrystalline diamond and cubic boron nitride and binder phases such as ceramics and iron group metals under ultra-high pressure Preferably used.
- the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal 7 on the flank 4 is larger than the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal 7 on the rake face 3.
- the orientation of the columnar crystals 7 is inclined with respect to the thickness direction of the coating layer 6, which is a direction orthogonal to the surface of the substrate 2, and the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystals 7 is large. Therefore, even if a crack occurs in the coating layer 6, it is difficult to progress in the thickness direction of the coating layer 6, and the progress can be suppressed. As a result, the chipping resistance of the coating layer 6 on the flank 4 is improved, and boundary damage that easily occurs on the flank 4 can be suppressed.
- the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal 7 is smaller than that of the flank 4 on the rake face 3, the oxidation of the coating layer 6 that progresses deeper through the grain boundary of the crystal constituting the coating layer 6 is suppressed. can do. As a result, the oxidation resistance of the coating layer 6 on the rake face 3 is improved, and crater wear that tends to proceed on the rake face 3 can be suppressed.
- the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal 7 in the nose portion 9 is larger than the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal 7 in the flank 4. Thereby, the chipping resistance in the nose portion 9 is further improved.
- the aspect ratio of the columnar crystal 7 is such that the longest length in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal is the longest length of the crystal of the columnar crystal 7 described above. This refers to the ratio with the length in the width direction (length in the longitudinal direction / length in the width direction), and the average aspect ratio is an arbitrary 10 columnar crystals 7 observed in the region of width 10 ⁇ m ⁇ thickness of the coating layer 6. Refers to the average aspect ratio.
- the average aspect ratio is calculated by the same method as described above.
- the shape and inclination state of the crystals constituting each layer are confirmed.
- the average value with the thickness ratio of each layer taken into consideration is defined as the overall crystal shape and tilted state of the covering layer 6.
- the average value considering the thickness ratio of each layer is, for example, the inclination angle of the covering layer 6 in the covering layer in which the first layer having the first thickness and the second layer having the second thickness are stacked (the first layer is The tilt angle of the crystal constituting the structure ⁇ first thickness + the tilt angle of the crystal constituting the second layer ⁇ the second thickness) / (first thickness + second thickness).
- the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal 7 on the flank 4 is 3 to 15, and the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystal 7 on the rake face 3 is 1.5 to 5. In this range, the effect of suppressing the progress of crater wear on the rake face 3 is high, and the effect of suppressing chipping on the flank 4 is also high.
- the ratio of the average crystal width of the columnar crystals 7 on the flank face 4 to the average crystal width of the columnar crystals 7 on the rake face 3 is 0.8 to 1.2. That is, since both the flank 4 and the rake face 3 are columnar crystals having the same crystal width, the flank 4 and the rake face 3 have high wear resistance and fracture resistance.
- the average crystal width of the columnar crystal 7 refers to the average width of the columnar crystal 7 in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate 2.
- a specific measurement method is to draw a straight line parallel to the surface direction of the substrate 2 at an intermediate position in the thickness direction of the coating layer 6, measure the number of grain boundaries crossing the straight line, and measure the length of the straight line. Divided by the number of.
- the average crystal width is measured at an intermediate position of the thickness of each layer. To do. And let the average value which considered the thickness ratio of each layer be the average crystal width of the coating layer 6.
- FIG. When a plurality of layers are stacked and crystal growth is inherited between the layers, and the same crystal is formed in the upper and lower layers, it is counted as one columnar crystal over the plurality of layers.
- the flank face 4 there are an average of 2 to 5 columnar crystals 7 in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystals 7 in the covering layer 6, and in the rake face 3, the columnar crystals 7 are present in the covering layer 6.
- the average number of columnar crystals 7 in the longitudinal direction is calculated as an average value at five arbitrary points by drawing a straight line in the thickness direction of the coating layer 6 and measuring the number of crystals crossing the straight line. To do.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an arc ion plating film forming apparatus (hereinafter abbreviated as AIP apparatus) 20 and an exemplary diagram showing a rotation state of a sample during film formation, for an example of a detailed film forming method. This will be described with reference to FIG.
- the AIP apparatus 20 of FIG. 3 introduces a gas such as N 2 or Ar into the vacuum chamber 21 from the gas inlet 22, arranges the cathode electrode 23 and the anode electrode 24, and applies a high voltage therebetween. Then, a plasma is generated, and a desired metal or ceramic is evaporated from the target 25 by the plasma and ionized to be in a high energy state, and the ionized metal is attached to the surface of the sample (substrate 2) as shown in FIG. Further, the surface of the substrate 2 is covered with a coating layer 6. 3 and 4, the rotary table 26 is placed in the vacuum chamber 21.
- a gas such as N 2 or Ar
- a plurality of towers 35 each including a sub turntable 27, a plurality of shaft rods 28 mounted thereon, and a plurality of base bodies 2 skewered on the shaft rods 28 (see FIG. 3 shows 2 sets, and FIG. 4 shows 6 sets).
- a heater 29 for heating the substrate 2 a gas discharge port 30 for discharging gas out of the system, and a bias power supply 31 for applying a bias voltage to the substrate 2 are arranged. ing.
- the flank (side surface) of the substrate 2 is parallel to the surface of the target 25 as shown in FIG. Set to.
- the metal source is evaporated and ionized by arc discharge or glow discharge, and at the same time, nitrogen (N 2 ) gas as a nitrogen source or methane (CH 4 ) / acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) as a carbon source.
- N 2 nitrogen
- CH 4 methane
- C 2 H 2 acetylene
- the turntable 26, the sub turntable 27, and the shaft rod 28 are rotated, respectively. That is, the turntable 26 and the sub turntable 27 rotate in the same direction (clockwise in FIG. 4). Then, the shaft 28 is rotated in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the turntable 26 and the sub turntable 27 (counterclockwise in FIG. 4).
- the rotation speed of the turntable 26 is 1 to 4 rpm
- the rotation speed of the sub turntable 27 is 3 times or more, especially 5 to 10 times the rotation speed of the turntable 26.
- the rotational speed of the shaft rod 28 is 1 to 5 rpm, particularly 1.5 to 3 rpm.
- the inclination angle of the columnar crystal on the rake face and the inclination angle of the columnar crystal on the flank face can be controlled within a predetermined range.
- the rotary table 26 and the sub rotary table 27 are rotated in the same direction (clockwise in FIG. 4), but the present invention is not limited to this, and the rotary table 26 and The sub turn table 27 can be rotated in the reverse direction. In this case, for example, by setting the rotation speed of the sub turntable 27 to 5 times or more, particularly 7 to 12 times the rotation speed of the turntable 26, the tilt angle of the columnar crystals is within a predetermined range. Can be adjusted.
- the flank 4 is located at a position where the metal component from the target 25 comes linearly, so the metal component from the target 25 comes linearly. Therefore, the film forming speed tends to be high.
- the rake face 3 has a form in which the metal component from the target 25 wraps around and flies in the direction of the target 25, so that the film forming speed tends to be slow.
- the interval g between adjacent samples on the upper and lower sides is set to 0.5 to 1 times the thickness of the sample.
- the average orientation in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystals 7 on the flank 4 is inclined from the direction orthogonal to the surface of the substrate 2 (inclination angle ⁇ 2> 0 in FIG. 2), and the columnar crystals 7 on the flank 4
- the average aspect ratio can be larger than the average aspect ratio of the columnar crystals 7 on the rake face 3. That is, by forming the gap g between adjacent samples in the upper and lower sides as narrow as 0.5 to 1 times the thickness of the sample, the coating layer is formed on the rake face and the main face forming the seating face and the side face forming the flank face.
- the average inclination angle in the longitudinal direction of the columnar crystal 7 in the nose portion 9 can be further increased by narrowing the gap g between adjacent samples in the upper and lower directions to 0.5 to 1 times the thickness of the sample. it can.
- the target 25 for example, metal titanium (Ti), metal aluminum (Al), metal M (where M is selected from Group 4, 5, 6 elements of the periodic table excluding Ti, rare earth elements, and Si) It is possible to use a metal target containing each of the seeds or more), an alloy target obtained by compounding them, a mixture target composed of these compound powders or sintered bodies, and set at the position of the side wall surface of the chamber.
- Film formation conditions include using these targets to evaporate and ionize the metal source by arc discharge, glow discharge, or the like, and simultaneously use nitrogen (N 2 ) gas as a nitrogen source or methane (CH 4 ) / acetylene as a carbon source (
- N 2 nitrogen
- a coating layer is formed by an ion plating method or a sputtering method that reacts with a C 2 H 2 ) gas.
- a high hardness coating layer can be produced in consideration of the crystal structure of the coating layer, and in order to improve the adhesion to the substrate, in this embodiment, 35 to 200 V, In particular, a bias voltage of 75 to 150 V is applied.
- the main component is a tungsten carbide (WC) powder having an average particle size of 0.9 ⁇ m, 10% by mass of metallic cobalt (Co) powder having an average particle size of 1.2 ⁇ m, and chromium carbide (Cr 3 C 2 having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m).
- WC tungsten carbide
- Co metallic cobalt
- Cr 3 C 2 chromium carbide
- ) Powder was added and mixed at a ratio of 0.5% by mass, formed into a throwaway tip shape of Kyocera's cutting tool BDMT11T308ER-JT by press molding, and then subjected to binder removal treatment in a vacuum of 0.01 Pa And sintered at 1450 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a cemented carbide. Further, the rake face surface of each sample was polished by blasting, brushing or the like. Further, the prepared cemented carbide was subjected to blade edge processing (honing) by brushing.
- a bias voltage shown in Table 1 was applied to the substrate thus prepared, and an arc current 150A was applied to each of the substrates.
- a gap g between the rake face and the seating face of the set sample shown in Table 1 (in the table, The coating layer having the composition shown in Table 2 was formed at a film formation temperature of 540 ° C. while rotating the sample at the rotation speed of the rotary table, sub-rotation table, and shaft rod shown in Table 1. did.
- the entire composition of the coating layer was measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EPMA) by observing a cross section including the coating layer of each sample with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- each coating layer was observed with the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the detailed structure of the coating layer was confirmed with the energy dispersive X ray analysis method (EDS).
- EDS energy dispersive X ray analysis method
- the thickness of the coating layer at any five locations of the rake face, the flank face, and the nose portion was measured, and the average values were calculated as the coating layer thicknesses tr, tf, and tn.
- EBSD electron backscatter diffraction
- the outline of each crystal was specified from the color map, and the columnar crystal shape and inclination angle of the coating layer on the rake face, flank face and nose were measured.
- the average aspect ratio is the aspect ratio
- the average crystal width is the crystal width
- the average number of columnar crystals in the longitudinal direction is the number of existence
- the average inclination angle of the columnar crystals in the rake face, flank and nose Is ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and the rake face, flank face, and nose portion of the coating layer are expressed as thickness tr, tf, tn.
- Cutting method Milling work material: Mold steel (SKD11) Cutting speed: 120 m / min Feed: 0.12 mm / rev Cutting depth: 2.0mm x 12.5mm Cutting state: Dry evaluation method: The cutting tool state was confirmed by observing the cutting tool after processing for 20 minutes. Abnormal wear conditions such as chipping and chipping were confirmed. Moreover, the processing time that could be processed until the tool life was confirmed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
次に、本発明の切削工具の製造方法について説明する。まず、工具形状の基体を従来公知の方法を用いて作製する。次に、基体の表面に、被覆層を成膜する。被覆層の成膜方法として、イオンプレーティング法やスパッタリング法等の物理蒸着(PVD)法が好適に適応可能である。詳細な成膜方法の一例について、アークイオンプレーティング成膜装置(以下、AIP装置と略す。)20の模式図である図3、および成膜中の試料の回転状態を示す模式図である図4を参照して説明する。
切削方法:ミリング加工
被削材 :金型鋼(SKD11)
切削速度:120m/分
送り :0.12mm/rev
切り込み:2.0mm×12.5mm
切削状態:乾式
評価方法:20分加工後の切削工具を観察して切刃状態を確認した。チッピングや欠けなど異常摩耗状態を確認した。また、工具寿命まで加工できた加工時間を確認した。
2 基体
3 すくい面
4 逃げ面
5 切刃
5a ノーズ切刃
5b 直線切刃
6 被覆層
7 柱状結晶
8 着座面
9 ノーズ部
Claims (9)
- 基体と、該基体の表面を被覆する柱状結晶からなる被覆層とを具備し、すくい面と逃げ面との交差稜線を切刃とし、前記逃げ面における前記基体の表面に直交する方向に対する前記柱状結晶の長手方向の平均の傾斜角(θ2)が、前記すくい面における前記基体の表面に直交する方向に対する前記柱状結晶の長手方向の平均の傾斜角(θ1)よりも大きい切削工具。
- 前記逃げ面における前記柱状結晶の前記傾斜角(θ2)が10~50°であり、前記すくい面における前記柱状結晶の前記傾斜角(θ1)が0~20°である請求項1記載の切削工具。
- 前記被覆層の全体組成が、(Al1-a-bTiaMb)C1-dNd(ただし、MはTiを除く周期表第4、5および6族元素、Siおよび希土類元素より選ばれる一種以上の元素。0.2≦a≦0.7、0≦b≦0.2、0≦d≦1)からなる請求項1または2記載の切削工具。
- 前記逃げ面における前記被覆層の厚みtfと前記すくい面における前記被覆層の厚みtrとの比(tf/tr)が1.2~3である請求項1乃至3のいずれか記載の切削工具。
- 基体と、該基体の表面を被覆する柱状結晶からなる被覆層とを具備し、すくい面と逃げ面との交差稜線を切刃とし、前記逃げ面において前記柱状結晶の長手方向の平均の向きが前記基体の表面に直交する方向に対して傾斜しているとともに、前記逃げ面における前記柱状結晶の平均アスペクト比が前記すくい面における前記柱状結晶の平均アスペクト比よりも大きい切削工具。
- 前記逃げ面における前記柱状結晶の平均アスペクト比が3~15、前記すくい面における前記柱状結晶の平均アスペクト比が1.5~5である請求項5記載の切削工具。
- 前記逃げ面における前記柱状結晶の平均結晶幅と、前記すくい面における前記柱状結晶の平均結晶幅との比が0.8~1.2である請求項5または6記載の切削工具。
- 前記逃げ面の前記被覆層に、前記柱状結晶が該柱状結晶の長手方向に平均2~5個存在し、前記すくい面の前記被覆層に、前記柱状結晶が該柱状結晶の長手方向に平均3~10個存在する請求項5乃至7のいずれか記載の切削工具。
- 前記切刃が曲線状のノーズ切刃と直線状の直線切刃とを有し、前記ノーズ切刃の直下の前記逃げ面にノーズ部が設けられるとともに、前記被覆層は、前記ノーズ部における前記柱状結晶の長手方向の平均の傾斜角(θ3)が、前記逃げ面における前記柱状結晶の長手方向の平均の傾斜角(θ2)よりも大きい請求項1乃至8のいずれか記載の切削工具。
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EP14754575.0A EP2959993B1 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-20 | Cutting tool |
US14/768,745 US9555476B2 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-20 | Cutting tool |
KR1020157022364A KR101700699B1 (ko) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-20 | 절삭 공구 |
JP2014531794A JP5744336B2 (ja) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-20 | 切削工具 |
CN201480008477.2A CN104981310B (zh) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-20 | 切削工具 |
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EP (1) | EP2959993B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5744336B2 (ja) |
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Cited By (3)
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JP2017113834A (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具 |
JP2019005894A (ja) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-17 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 被覆切削工具 |
JP7124236B1 (ja) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-08-23 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | 切削工具 |
Families Citing this family (1)
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JP7108966B2 (ja) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-07-29 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 被覆切削工具 |
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JP4960149B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-29 | 2012-06-27 | 京セラ株式会社 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
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JP5052666B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-28 | 2012-10-17 | 京セラ株式会社 | 表面被覆工具 |
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- 2014-02-20 CN CN201480008477.2A patent/CN104981310B/zh active Active
- 2014-02-20 KR KR1020157022364A patent/KR101700699B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-02-20 WO PCT/JP2014/053994 patent/WO2014129530A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-02-20 JP JP2014531794A patent/JP5744336B2/ja active Active
- 2014-02-20 EP EP14754575.0A patent/EP2959993B1/en active Active
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JP2008105164A (ja) | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-08 | Kyocera Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
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JP2017113834A (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具 |
JP2019005894A (ja) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-17 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 被覆切削工具 |
JP7124236B1 (ja) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-08-23 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | 切削工具 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2959993A4 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
JP5744336B2 (ja) | 2015-07-08 |
JPWO2014129530A1 (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
US9555476B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
KR101700699B1 (ko) | 2017-02-13 |
US20160001374A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
CN104981310A (zh) | 2015-10-14 |
EP2959993A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
KR20150106967A (ko) | 2015-09-22 |
EP2959993B1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
CN104981310B (zh) | 2017-03-08 |
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