WO2014157494A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014157494A1 WO2014157494A1 PCT/JP2014/058808 JP2014058808W WO2014157494A1 WO 2014157494 A1 WO2014157494 A1 WO 2014157494A1 JP 2014058808 W JP2014058808 W JP 2014058808W WO 2014157494 A1 WO2014157494 A1 WO 2014157494A1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element material, an organic electroluminescent element using the same, a display device, and an illumination device. More specifically, the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element material having high luminous efficiency and durability, an organic electroluminescence element using the material, a display device, and an illumination device.
- organic electroluminescence device (hereinafter also referred to as “organic EL device”) is a thin-film all-solid device having an organic functional layer (single layer portion or multilayer portion) containing an organic light-emitting substance between an anode and a cathode. is there.
- organic EL device When a voltage is applied to such an organic EL element, electrons are injected from the cathode and holes are injected from the anode, and excitons generated by recombination of the electrons and holes in the light emitting layer (organic light emitting material-containing layer) are excited.
- An organic EL element that utilizes light emitted when radiation is deactivated from a state is a technology expected as a next-generation flat display or illumination.
- the phosphorescence emission method is a very high potential method. However, it differs greatly from the fluorescence emission method, and the method of controlling the position of the emission center, especially recombination inside the emission layer, stabilizes the emission. This is an important technical issue for improving the efficiency and life of the device.
- the light emitting layer not only the light emitting layer, but also a multi-layer laminated device including a hole transport layer located on the anode side of the light emitting layer and an electron transport layer located on the cathode side has been vigorously advanced. Yes.
- a mixed layer using a phosphorescent compound as a light emitting dopant and a host compound is often used for the light emitting layer.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 Even if the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are used, there is a problem in terms of practical performance in terms of luminous efficiency and durability, and further development of materials exhibiting high efficiency and high durability is required.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems and situations, and a problem to be solved is to provide a material for an organic electroluminescence device having high triplet excitation energy. Moreover, it is providing the organic electroluminescent element, the illuminating device, and the display apparatus which were high in luminous efficiency and excellent in durability using the said organic electroluminescent element material.
- An organic electroluminescent element material having a structure represented by the following general formula (1):
- ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadi, respectively.
- a 1 to A 5 and B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, 1, 2 , 3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, thiazole, isothiazole or thiadiazole form an aromatic hetero five-membered ring. And represents a hydrogen atom or substituent substituted at any position of at least one of the aromatic heterocyclic groups, and n represents an integer of 1 to 8.) 4).
- a 1 to A 5 and B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, 1, 2 , 3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole or isothiazole form a 5-membered aromatic ring, R is two aromatic heterocyclic groups A hydrogen atom or a substituent substituted at any position of at least one of m, m represents an integer of 1 to 8.
- L represents a divalent linking group. 5.
- An organic electroluminescent element having an organic layer including at least a light emitting layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, wherein the organic electroluminescent element material according to any one of items 1 to 4 is the organic An organic electroluminescence device comprising any one of the layers.
- M represents Ir, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ag, Cu, or Os.
- a 1 , A 2 , B 1, and B 2 each represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- Ring Z 1 represents Represents a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle formed together with A 1 and A 2.
- Ring Z 2 is a 5-membered or 6 formed with B 1 and B 2
- the ring Z 1 and the ring Z 2 may have a substituent, and the substituents may be bonded to each other to form a condensed ring structure.
- the ligand substituents may be bonded to each other, and the ligands may be linked to each other, L ′ represents a monoanionic bidentate ligand coordinated to M.
- m ′ is 0 ⁇ .n 'is from 1 to an integer of 3 .m' representing a second integer + n 'is .m 2 or 3' when and n 'is 2 or more, the ring Z 1 Ligand and L represented by the fine ring Z 2 'may each be the same or different.) 8).
- a display device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of items 5 to 7.
- An organic electroluminescence element according to any one of items 5 to 7 is provided.
- a material for an organic electroluminescence element having high triplet excitation energy can be provided.
- the organic electroluminescent element, the illuminating device, and the display apparatus which were high in luminous efficiency and excellent in durability using the said organic electroluminescent element material can be provided.
- both ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, It is an aromatic hetero 5-membered ring derived from any of oxadiazole, thiazole, isothiazole or thiadiazole, and is characterized in that ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ are linked at an arbitrary position.
- Schematic diagram showing an example of a display device composed of organic EL elements Schematic diagram of the display unit of the display device of FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a pixel of the display device of FIG. Schematic diagram of passive matrix type full color display device Schematic of lighting device Cross section of the lighting device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device
- the organic electroluminescent element material of the present invention has a structure represented by the general formula (1). This feature is a technical feature common to the inventions according to claims 1 to 9.
- the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a structure represented by the general formula (2).
- the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a structure represented by the general formula (1-1), and the structure represented by the general formula (2) is the general formula (2-1). It is preferable that it is a structure represented by these.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is an organic electroluminescent element having an organic layer including at least a light emitting layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, and the organic electroluminescent element material is contained in any of the organic layers It is characterized by that.
- the light emitting layer preferably contains a phosphorescent compound.
- the phosphorescent compound has a structure represented by the general formula (DP).
- the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention is suitably used for display devices and lighting devices.
- ⁇ shown in the present invention is used to mean that the numerical values described before and after it are included as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the organic electroluminescent element material of the present invention has a structure represented by the general formula (1).
- ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadi, respectively.
- the organic EL device material of the present invention is characterized in that both ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ are 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic groups, and ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ are connected by a single bond.
- the 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group has been studied mainly with imidazole so far.
- the heat resistance and heat-and-moisture resistance as a compound, and the durability of the element when used in an organic EL element, etc. Still had issues.
- the material for an organic EL device of the present invention has a structure in which two aromatic heterocyclic groups are linked, the stability and safety as a compound compared to a monocyclic 5-membered heteroaromatic ring. It is estimated that the stability improvement of such a compound itself contributes to the improvement of the durability of the organic EL element.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent substituted at any position of ring ⁇ or ring ⁇ .
- substituents include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkynyl group, a carbonyl group, an amino group, a silyl group, a phosphine oxide group, an arylalkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, Non-aromatic heterocyclic groups can be mentioned.
- These substituents may further have a substituent.
- the substituent is preferably an aryl group, heteroaryl group, silyl group, or alkyl group, more preferably a phenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylsilyl group, a methyl group, An isopropyl group, more preferably a phenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a triphenylsilyl group.
- These substituents may further have a substituent. Further, the substituents may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- N represents an integer from 1 to 8.
- n is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, and still more preferably 1 to 3.
- ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ is not particularly limited, but at least one is preferably a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring, and more preferably both are nitrogen-containing aromatic rings.
- ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ may be further linked to each other to form a ring to form a condensed ring structure.
- the condensed ring structure formed at this time may be a saturated ring, an unsaturated ring or an aromatic ring, but is preferably a saturated ring or an aromatic ring.
- Ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ may be monocyclic or have a condensed ring structure, but at least one of them is preferably monocyclic, and more preferably monocyclic.
- the structure of the general formula (1) can be a structure represented by the following general formula (1-1).
- a 1 to A 5 and B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom, and form the following complex 5-membered ring.
- the heterocyclic 5-membered ring in the general formula (1-1) includes pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, One of oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, thiazole, isothiazole or thiadiazole.
- the solid line and the broken double line represent a single bond or a double bond, and the ring ⁇ formed of A 1 to A 5 and the ring ⁇ formed of B 1 to B 5 are both aromatic rings. .
- the meanings of the other symbols are the same as in general formula (1).
- the structure of the general formula (1-1) can also be preferably represented by the structures of the following general formula (1-2) and general formula (1-3).
- X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- RA 101 to RG 105 represent a connecting position to B 11 , a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and RA 101 to RA 105 , RB 101 to RB 105 , RC 101 to RC 105 , RD 101 to RD 105 , RE 101 or RE Any one of 105 , RF 102 to RF 105 , RF 102 to RF 105 , RH 103 to RH 105 , RI 102, or RI 105 is used for connection with B 11 .
- RA 101 to RI 105 not used for linking with B 11 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an aryl group. , A heteroaryl group.
- B 11 to B 15 represent CR 1 , a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least one of B 11 to B 15 is a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Solid and broken lines of the double line in the ring containing B 11 represents a single bond or a double bond, ring containing B 11 is an aromatic ring.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and examples of the preferable substituent include an alkyl group, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group, and an aryl group and a heteroaryl group are more preferable.
- the substituents may be the same as or different from each other, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the structure represented by the general formula (1) is preferably a structure represented by the general formula (2).
- L represents a divalent linking group.
- L represents a divalent linking group, and connects ring ⁇ and ring ⁇ , and forms a new ring with ring ⁇ and part of ring ⁇ and linking group L.
- linking group for example, an alkylene group, alkenylene group, ether group, ester group, carbonyl group, amino group, amide group, silyl group, phosphine oxide group, arylalkylene group, non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring, non-aromatic heterocyclic ring Group, —O—, —S—, or a linking group in any combination thereof.
- the divalent linking group represented by L is preferably an alkylene group, an ether group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, an amino group, an amide group, a silyl group, a phosphine oxide group, an alkylene group, an ether group, an ester group, An amino group, a silyl group, and a phosphine oxide group are more preferable, and an alkylene group and an ether group are more preferable.
- the feature of the general formula (2) in the present invention is that the ring having the second linkage by the linking group L in addition to the linkage of the ring ⁇ and the ring ⁇ and including the ring ⁇ , the ring ⁇ and the linking group L In forming a condensed ring.
- the general formula (2) it is possible to have higher triplet excitation energy and to improve the stability as a compound as compared with the general formula (1).
- the organic EL element material represented by 2) is used for an organic EL element, it is considered that both high luminous efficiency and durability can be achieved.
- the number of rings newly formed by L is not particularly limited, but is preferably a 5- to 10-membered ring, more preferably a 6- to 8-membered ring, and more preferably a 7-membered ring.
- the reason why such a number is preferable is that the mobility of the ring ⁇ and the ring ⁇ can be adjusted to an appropriate range.
- the ring newly formed by L is not particularly limited to either an unsaturated ring or an aromatic ring, but is preferably an unsaturated ring.
- M represents an integer from 1 to 6.
- m is preferably from 1 to 4, more preferably from 1 to 3, and even more preferably 1 or 2.
- the general formula (2) may have a structure represented by the following general formula (2-1).
- a 1 to A 5 and B 1 to B 5 each represent a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, 1, 2 , 3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole or isothiazole form a 5-membered aromatic ring
- R is two aromatic heterocyclic groups
- m represents an integer of 1 to 8.
- L represents a divalent linking group.
- the solid and broken double lines represent single bonds or double bonds, and the ring formed by A 1 to A 5 and the ring formed by B 1 to B 5 are both aromatic rings.
- R, m, L are synonymous with R, m, L in the general formula (2).
- the substituents may be the same as or different from each other, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- at least one of them is preferably a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazolyl group, a silyl group, a phenyl group, or a phosphine oxide group, and a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazolyl group And more preferably a silyl group, and even more preferably a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group or a carbazolyl group.
- any one or more of A 3 , A 5 , B 3 , and B 5 have a substituent, and it is more preferable that either A 5 or B 5 has a substituent.
- a 4 or B 4 in the adjacent position has a substituent.
- the substituent include an alkyl group, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group, and an alkyl group is more preferable.
- the feature of the general formula (2-1) in the present invention is that the connecting position by the connecting group L described in the general formula (2) is positioned adjacent to the single bond of A 1 and B 1 .
- the connecting position by the connecting group L described in the general formula (2) is positioned adjacent to the single bond of A 1 and B 1 .
- RA 101 to RA 105 RB 101 to RB 105 , RC 101 to RC 105 , RD 101 to RD 105 , RE 101 to RE 105 , RF 102 to RF 105 , RG 102 to RG 105 , RH 103 to RH 105 , and RI 102 to RI 105 are further combined with one of B 11 to B 15 to form a ring.
- the substituent in the present invention may further have a substituent, and is not limited thereto.
- the solid line at the left end of the benzene ring indicates the connection position.
- the solid line on the lower left represents the bonding position.
- R N represents a substituent, preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group, more preferably an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, particularly preferably a phenyl group, a pyridyl group or Represents a triazinyl group.
- the organic EL device material of the present invention may be contained in any organic layer in the organic EL device, but is preferably used as a host material, a hole transport material, or an electron transport material, and more preferably. Is used as a host material or a hole transport material, and more preferably used as a host material together with a phosphorescent compound in a light emitting layer. At this time, each organic layer may be composed of the compound according to the present invention alone, or may be used by mixing with other materials.
- the organic layer refers to a layer containing an organic compound.
- the Tg (glass transition temperature) of the organic EL device material of the present invention is preferably sufficiently higher than room temperature from the viewpoint of stability over time and production suitability at the time of device production, preferably 100 ° C. or higher. Preferably it is 120 degreeC or more, More preferably, it is 130 degreeC or more.
- the molecular weight of the organic EL device material of the present invention is preferably 300 or more and 2000 or less, preferably 500 or more and 1500 or less, and more preferably 700 or more and 1250 or less.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) when used at the same time as the phosphorescent compound described later, the compound represented by the general formula (1) is more than the phosphorescent compound. preferably has a high triplet excitation energy (T 1), more preferably T 1 is at least 2.90EV, more preferably T 1 is at least 3.00 eV, T 1 is more 3.10eV It is particularly preferred that
- the triplet excitation energy value is a value calculated using Gaussian 09, a molecular orbital calculation software manufactured by Gaussian, USA, and B3LYP / 6-31G * is used as a keyword to optimize the molecular structure. After execution, the triplet excitation energy is defined as a calculated value.
- the background of using this method is that the correlation between the calculated value obtained by this method and the experimental value is high.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention can be synthesized with reference to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-23101, International Publication No. 20122051667, Japanese Patent No. 50768891, International Publication No. 201111413.
- phosphorescent compound represented by the general formula (DP) and used suitably in the present invention will be described.
- M represents Ir, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ag, Cu, or Os.
- a 1 , A 2 , B 1, and B 2 each represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- Ring Z 1 represents Represents a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle formed together with A 1 and A 2.
- Ring Z 2 is a 5-membered or 6 formed with B 1 and B 2
- the ring Z 1 and the ring Z 2 may have a substituent, and the substituents may be bonded to each other to form a condensed ring structure.
- the ligand substituents may be bonded to each other, and the ligands may be linked to each other, L ′ represents a monoanionic bidentate ligand coordinated to M.
- m ′ is 0 ⁇ .n 'is from 1 to an integer of 3 .m' representing a second integer + n 'is .m 2 or 3' when and n 'is 2 or more, the ring Z 1 Ligand and L represented by the fine ring Z 2 'may each be the same or different.
- M may include Ir, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ag, Cu, or Os, and more preferably Ir, Pt, Rh, Ru, or Os, and Ir, Pt, or Os. More preferably.
- a 1 , A 2 , B 1 , B 2 each represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom
- ring Z 1 is a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring formed with A 1 and A 2 , or a 5-membered or 6-membered Represents an aromatic heterocycle
- ring Z 2 represents a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle formed together with B 1 and B 2
- Ring Z 2 is preferably a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, and at least one of B 1 and B 2 is preferably a nitrogen atom.
- Ring Z 1 and ring Z 2 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a group having the same meaning as the substituent shown in the general formula (1). Moreover, the substituents of the ring Z 1 and the ring Z 2 may be further bonded to each other to form a condensed ring structure. Moreover, the substituent of each ligand may mutually couple
- L ′ represents a monoanionic bidentate ligand coordinated to M.
- M ′ represents an integer of 0 to 2
- n ′ represents an integer of 1 to 3
- m ′ + n ′ is 2 or 3.
- the ligands represented by ring Z 1 and ring Z 2 and L ′ may be the same or different.
- the structure of the general formula (DP) is preferably represented by the following general formula (DP-1) or (DP-2).
- M, A 1 , A 2 , B 1 , B 2 , ring Z 1 , L ′, m ′ and n ′ are M, A 1 , A 2 in the general formula (DP).
- B 1 , B 2 , ring Z 1 , L ′, m ′ and n ′ are M, A 1 , A 2 in the general formula (DP).
- B 1 , B 2 , ring Z 1 , L ′, m ′ and n ′ are M, A 1 , A 2 in the general formula (DP).
- B 3 to B 5 are an atomic group forming an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and each represents a hydrogen atom or a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom that may have a substituent.
- substituents that B 3 to B 5 have include the same groups as the substituents that the ring Z 1 and the ring Z 2 have in General Formula (DP).
- the aromatic heterocycle formed by B 1 to B 5 in the general formula (DP-1) is represented by any of the structures of the following general formulas (DP-1a), (DP-1b), and (DP-1c). And is more preferably represented by the structure of the general formula (DP-1c).
- * 1 represents a binding site with A 2 in general formula (DP-1), and * 2 represents a binding site with M.
- Rb 3 to Rb 5 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and the substituent represented by Rb 3 to Rb 5 has the same meaning as the substituents of the ring Z 1 and the ring Z 2 in the general formula (DP). Groups.
- B 4 and B 5 in the general formula (DP-1a) are carbon atoms or nitrogen atoms, more preferably at least one is a carbon atom.
- B 3 and B 4 in the general formula (DP-1c) are a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, more preferably at least one is a carbon atom, and the substituents represented by Rb 3 and Rb 4 are further bonded to each other. It is more preferable that a condensed ring structure is formed, and the newly formed condensed ring structure is preferably an aromatic ring, and includes a benzimidazole ring, an imidazopyridine ring, an imidazopyrazine ring, or a purine ring. Either is preferable.
- Rb 5 is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, and more preferably a phenyl group.
- M, A 1 , A 2 , B 1 , B 2 , ring Z 1 , L ′, m ′ and n ′ are M, A 1 , A 2 in the general formula (DP).
- B 1 , B 2 , ring Z 1 , L ′, m ′ and n ′ are M, A 1 , A 2 in the general formula (DP).
- B 1 , B 2 , ring Z 1 , L ′, m ′ and n ′ are M, A 1 , A 2 in the general formula (DP).
- Ring Z 2 represents a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle formed together with B 1 to B 3 .
- a 3 and B 3 represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom
- L ′′ represents a divalent linking group.
- Examples of the divalent linking group represented by L ′′ include an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group, And a heteroarylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, —O—, —S—, or a linking group in which these are arbitrarily combined.
- the general formula (DP-2) is preferably further represented by the general formula (DP-2a).
- M, A 1 , A 2 , B 1 , B 2 , ring Z 1 , ring Z 2 , L ′, m ′ and n ′ are M in the general formula (DP-2).
- a 1 , A 2 , B 1 , B 2 , ring Z 1 , ring Z 2 , L ′, m ′ and n ′ are M in the general formula (DP-2).
- L ′′ 1 and L ′′ 2 represent C—Rb 6 or a nitrogen atom, and Rb 6 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Rb 6 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- a 2 is preferably a carbon atom
- a 1 is preferably a carbon atom. More preferably, the ring Z 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring or pyridine ring, and more preferably a benzene ring.
- the light emitting layer according to the present invention is composed of a single layer or a plurality of layers, and when there are a plurality of light emitting layers, a non-light emitting intermediate layer may be provided between the light emitting layers.
- a hole blocking layer also referred to as a hole blocking layer
- an electron injection layer also referred to as a cathode buffer layer
- An electron blocking layer also referred to as an electron barrier layer
- a hole injection layer also referred to as an anode buffer layer
- the electron transport layer according to the present invention is a layer having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer, and may be composed of a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport layer according to the present invention is a layer having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer, and are composed of a plurality of layers. Also good.
- the layer excluding the anode and the cathode is referred to as an “organic layer”.
- the organic EL element according to the present invention may be an element having a so-called tandem structure in which a plurality of light emitting units including at least one light emitting layer are stacked.
- the plurality of light emitting units may all be the same or different. Two light emitting units may be the same, and the remaining one may be different.
- the plurality of light emitting units may be laminated directly or via an intermediate layer (also called an intermediate electrode, an intermediate conductive layer, a charge generation layer, an electron extraction layer, a connection layer, or an intermediate insulating layer).
- An intermediate layer also called an intermediate electrode, an intermediate conductive layer, a charge generation layer, an electron extraction layer, a connection layer, or an intermediate insulating layer.
- a known material structure can be used as long as it has a function of supplying electrons to the adjacent layer on the side and holes to the adjacent layer on the cathode side.
- Examples of materials used for the intermediate layer include ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), ZnO 2 , TiN, ZrN, HfN, TiOx, VOx, CuI, InN, GaN, and CuAlO 2. , CuGaO 2 , SrCu 2 O 2 , LaB 6 , RuO 2 , Al, etc., conductive inorganic compound layers, bilayer films and multilayer films of these conductive inorganic compounds, fullerenes such as C60, and conductivity such as oligothiophene Examples include organic material layers, conductive organic compound layers such as metal phthalocyanines, metal-free phthalocyanines, and porphyrins, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Preferred examples of the structure within the light emitting unit include those obtained by removing the anode and the cathode from the structures (1) to (7) mentioned in the above representative element structures, but the present invention is not limited to these. Not.
- tandem organic EL element examples include, for example, US Pat. No. 7,420,203, US Pat. No. 7,473,923, US Pat. No. 6,872,472, US Pat. No. 6,107,734, US Pat. No. 6,337,492, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-96679.
- the present invention is not limited to these.
- the light emitting layer according to the present invention is a layer that provides a field in which electrons and holes injected from an electrode or an adjacent layer are recombined to emit light via excitons, and the light emitting portion is a layer of the light emitting layer. Even within, it may be the interface between the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer.
- the structure of the light emitting layer according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the requirements defined in the present invention.
- the total thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but it prevents the uniformity of the film to be formed, the application of unnecessary high voltage during light emission, and the improvement of the stability of the emission color with respect to the driving current. From the viewpoint, it is preferably adjusted to a range of 2 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably adjusted to a range of 2 to 500 nm, and further preferably adjusted to a range of 5 to 200 nm.
- each light emitting layer is preferably adjusted to a range of 2 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably adjusted to a range of 2 to 200 nm, and further preferably adjusted to a range of 3 to 150 nm.
- the light emitting layer preferably contains a light emitting dopant (a light emitting dopant compound, a dopant compound, also simply referred to as a dopant) and a host compound (a matrix material, a light emitting host compound, also simply referred to as a host).
- a light emitting dopant a light emitting dopant compound, a dopant compound, also simply referred to as a dopant
- a host compound a matrix material, a light emitting host compound, also simply referred to as a host.
- a fluorescent luminescent dopant also referred to as a fluorescent dopant or a fluorescent compound
- a phosphorescent dopant also referred to as a phosphorescent dopant or a phosphorescent luminescent material
- the luminescent dopant which concerns on this invention may be used in combination of multiple types, and may use it combining the dopants from which a structure differs, and combining the fluorescent luminescent dopant and a phosphorescent luminescent dopant. Thereby, arbitrary luminescent colors can be obtained.
- the light emission color of the organic EL device of the present invention and the compound according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4.16 on page 108 of “New Color Science Handbook” (edited by the Japan Color Society, University of Tokyo Press, 1985). It is determined by the color when the result measured with the total CS-2000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.) is applied to the CIE chromaticity coordinates.
- one or a plurality of light-emitting layers contain a plurality of light-emitting dopants having different emission colors and emit white light.
- light-emitting dopants that exhibit white, and examples include blue and orange, and a combination of blue, green, and red.
- Fluorescent dopant (1.1) Fluorescent Luminescent Dopant
- fluorescent dopant The fluorescent luminescent dopant according to the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “fluorescent dopant”) will be described.
- the fluorescent dopant according to the present invention is a compound that can emit light from an excited singlet, and is not particularly limited as long as light emission from the excited singlet is observed.
- Examples of the fluorescent dopant according to the present invention include anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, perylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, arylacetylene derivatives, styrylarylene derivatives, styrylamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, boron complexes, squalium derivatives.
- luminescent dopants using delayed fluorescence have been developed, and these may be used.
- Specific examples of the luminescent dopant using delayed fluorescence include compounds described in, for example, International Publication No. 2011/156793, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-213643, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-93181, and the like. It is not limited to.
- Phosphorescent dopant (1.2) Phosphorescent dopant
- phosphorescent dopant The phosphorescent dopant according to the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “phosphorescent dopant”) will be described.
- the phosphorescent dopant according to the present invention is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed.
- the phosphorescent dopant is a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.) and has a phosphorescence quantum yield of 25. Although it is defined as a compound of 0.01 or more at ° C., a preferable phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more.
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopic II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of the Fourth Edition Experimental Chemistry Course 7. Although the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents, the phosphorescence dopant according to the present invention achieves the phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) in any solvent. That's fine.
- phosphorescent dopants There are two types of light emission principles of phosphorescent dopants. One is the recombination of carriers on the host compound to which carriers are transported, generating an excited state of the host compound, and transferring this energy to the phosphorescent dopant. Thus, it is an energy transfer type in which light emission from the phosphorescent dopant is obtained. The other is a carrier trap type in which a phosphorescent dopant serves as a carrier trap, and carrier recombination occurs on the phosphorescent dopant to emit light from the phosphorescent dopant. In any case, it is a condition that the excited state energy of the phosphorescent dopant is lower than the excited state energy of the host compound.
- the phosphorescent dopant can be appropriately selected from known materials used for the light emitting layer of the organic EL element.
- a preferable phosphorescent dopant includes an organometallic complex having Ir as a central metal. More preferably, a complex containing a metal-carbon bond or a metal-nitrogen bond in one coordination mode is preferable.
- the host compound (also referred to as host material) according to the present invention is a compound mainly responsible for charge injection and transport in the light emitting layer, and its own light emission is not substantially observed in the organic EL device. .
- it is a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence emission of less than 0.1 at room temperature (25 ° C.), more preferably a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of less than 0.01. Moreover, it is preferable that the mass ratio in the layer is 20% or more among the compounds contained in a light emitting layer.
- the excited state energy of the host compound is preferably higher than the excited state energy of the light-emitting dopant contained in the same layer.
- the host compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. By using multiple types of host compounds, charge transfer can be adjusted and the organic EL device can be made highly efficient.
- the host compound that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a low molecular compound or a polymer compound having a repeating unit, or a compound having a reactive group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the glass transition point (Tg) is a value determined by a method based on JIS-K-7121 using DSC (Differential Scanning Colorimetry).
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and may have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- the film thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 2 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 2 to 500 nm, and still more preferably in the range of 5 to 200 nm.
- the organic EL element when the light generated in the light emitting layer is extracted from the electrode, the light extracted directly from the light emitting layer interferes with the light extracted after being reflected by the electrode from which the light is extracted and the electrode located at the counter electrode. It is known to wake up. When light is reflected by the cathode, this interference effect can be efficiently utilized by appropriately adjusting the total film thickness of the electron transport layer between several nanometers and several micrometers.
- the electron mobility of the electron transport layer is preferably 10 ⁇ 5 cm 2 / Vs or more, particularly when the thickness is large. .
- the material used for the electron transport layer may have any of an electron injecting property, a transporting property, and a hole blocking property. Any one can be selected and used.
- a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic derivative (carbazole derivative, azacarbazole derivative (one or more of carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring is substituted with a nitrogen atom), pyridine derivative, pyrimidine derivative, triazine derivative, quinoline derivative, Quinoxaline derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, benzoxazole derivatives, etc.), dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbon ring derivatives (naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, Triphenylene, etc.).
- a metal complex having a quinolinol skeleton or a dibenzoquinolinol skeleton as a ligand such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Alq), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7- Dibromo-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Znq), etc.
- a metal complex in which the central metal is replaced with In, Mg, Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga, or Pb can also be used as the electron transport material.
- phthalocyanine derivatives and distyrylpyrazine derivatives exemplified as materials for the light-emitting layer can also be used as the electron transport material.
- inorganic semiconductors can also be used as the electron transport material. .
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials as a polymer main chain can be used.
- the electron transport layer may be doped with a doping material as a guest material to form an electron transport layer having a high n property (electron rich).
- the doping material include n-type dopants such as metal complexes and metal compounds such as metal halides.
- Specific examples of the electron transport layer having such a structure include, for example, JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-10-270172, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. , 95, 5773 (2004) and the like.
- More preferable electron transport materials in the present invention include pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, triazine derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, azacarbazole derivatives, and benzimidazole derivatives.
- the electron transport material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hole blocking layer is a layer having a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is preferably made of a material having a function of transporting electrons while having a small ability to transport holes, and transporting electrons while transporting holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved by blocking.
- the structure of the electron transport layer described above can be used as a hole blocking layer according to the present invention, if necessary.
- the hole blocking layer provided in the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably provided adjacent to the cathode side of the light emitting layer.
- the film thickness of the hole blocking layer according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 3 to 100 nm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 30 nm.
- the material used for the hole blocking layer As the material used for the hole blocking layer, the material used for the above-described electron transport layer is preferably used, and the material used as the above-described host compound is also preferably used for the hole blocking layer.
- the electron injection layer (also referred to as “cathode buffer layer”) according to the present invention is a layer provided between the cathode and the light emitting layer for the purpose of lowering the driving voltage and improving the light emission luminance. It is described in detail in Volume 2, Chapter 2, “Electrode Materials” (pages 123 to 166) of “The Forefront of Industrialization (issued by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998)”.
- the electron injection layer may be provided as necessary, and may exist between the cathode and the light emitting layer or between the cathode and the electron transport layer.
- the electron injection layer is preferably a very thin film, and the film thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 nm depending on the material. Moreover, the nonuniform film
- JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like Specific examples of materials preferably used for the electron injection layer are as follows. , Metals (strontium, aluminum, etc.), alkali metal compounds (lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, etc.), alkaline earth metal compounds (magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, etc.), metal oxides (aluminum oxide, etc.), metal complexes (Lithium 8-hydroxyquinolate (Liq) and the like). Further, the above-described electron transport material can also be used.
- the materials used for the electron injection layer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hole transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting holes and may have a function of transmitting holes injected from the anode to the light emitting layer.
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 2 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 5 to 500 nm, and still more preferably in the range of 5 to 200 nm.
- a material used for the hole transport layer (hereinafter referred to as a hole transport material), any material that has either a hole injection property or a transport property or an electron barrier property may be used. Any one can be selected and used.
- porphyrin derivatives for example, porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, oxazole derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triarylamine derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, acene derivatives such as anthracene and naphthalene, fluorene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, and polyvinylcarbazole, Examples thereof include a polymer material or oligomer in which an aromatic amine is introduced into the main chain or side chain, polysilane, conductive polymer or oligomer (for example, PEDOT: PSS, aniline-based copolymer, polyaniline, polythiophene, etc.).
- triarylamine derivative examples include a benzidine type typified by ⁇ NPD, a starburst type typified by MTDATA, and a compound having fluorene or anthracene in the triarylamine linking core part.
- hexaazatriphenylene derivatives such as those described in JP-T-2003-519432 and JP-A-2006-135145 can also be used as a hole transport material.
- a hole transport layer having a high p property doped with impurities can also be used.
- examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, JP-A-2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- JP-A-11-251067 J. Org. Huang et. al. Use of so-called p-type hole transport materials and inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC, as described in the literature (Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 (2002), p. 139) You can also. Further, ortho-metalated organometallic complexes having Ir or Pt as the central metal represented by Ir (ppy) 3 are also preferably used.
- the above-mentioned materials can be used as the hole transport material, a triarylamine derivative, a carbazole derivative, an indolocarbazole derivative, an organometallic complex, a polymer material in which an aromatic amine is introduced into the main chain or side chain Or an oligomer etc. are used preferably.
- the hole transport material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the electron blocking layer is a layer having a function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense, and is preferably made of a material having a function of transporting holes and a small ability to transport electrons, and transporting electrons while transporting holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved by blocking.
- the above-described configuration of the hole transport layer can be used as an electron blocking layer according to the present invention, if necessary.
- the electron blocking layer provided in the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably provided adjacent to the anode side of the light emitting layer.
- the film thickness of the electron blocking layer according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 3 to 100 nm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 30 nm.
- the material used for the electron blocking layer is preferably used, and the material used for the host compound is also preferably used for the electron blocking layer.
- the hole injection layer (also referred to as “anode buffer layer”) according to the present invention is a layer provided between the anode and the light emitting layer in order to lower the driving voltage and improve the light emission luminance. 2 and Chapter 2 “Electrode Materials” (pages 123 to 166) of “The Forefront of Industrialization” (published by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998).
- the hole injection layer may be provided as necessary, and may be present between the anode and the light emitting layer or between the anode and the hole transport layer as described above.
- the details of the hole injection layer are described in JP-A-9-45479, JP-A-9-260062, JP-A-8-288069, etc.
- Examples of materials used for the hole injection layer include: Examples thereof include materials used for the above-described hole transport layer.
- phthalocyanine derivatives typified by copper phthalocyanine, hexaazatriphenylene derivatives as described in JP-T-2003-519432, JP-A-2006-135145, etc.
- metal oxides typified by vanadium oxide, amorphous carbon, polyaniline (emeral) Din) and polythiophene conductive polymers
- orthometalated complexes represented by tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium complex 2,4-phenylpyridine
- the materials used for the hole injection layer described above may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention is processed to provide a structure on the microlens array, for example, on the light extraction side of the support substrate (substrate), or in combination with a condensing sheet, so that a specific direction, For example, the luminance in a specific direction can be increased by condensing light in the front direction with respect to the element light emitting surface.
- quadrangular pyramids having a side of 30 ⁇ m and an apex angle of 90 degrees are arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate.
- One side is preferably within a range of 10 to 100 ⁇ m. If the thickness is smaller than this, a diffraction effect is generated and a color is formed. If the thickness is too large, the thickness is increased.
- the condensing sheet it is possible to use, for example, an LED backlight of a liquid crystal display device that has been put into practical use.
- a brightness enhancement film (BEF) manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited can be used.
- BEF brightness enhancement film
- the shape of the prism sheet for example, a triangle stripe may be formed on the substrate, the apex angle may be rounded, the pitch may be changed randomly, or other shapes. May be.
- a light diffusion plate / film may be used in combination with the light collecting sheet.
- a diffusion film (light-up) manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
- lighting devices home lighting, interior lighting
- clock and liquid crystal backlights billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources of optical storage media, light sources of electrophotographic copying machines, light sources of optical communication processors, light
- the light source of a sensor etc. are mentioned, It is not limited to this, It can use effectively for the use as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, and an illumination light source especially.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a display device composed of organic EL elements. It is a schematic diagram of a display such as a mobile phone that displays image information by light emission of an organic EL element.
- the display 1 includes a display unit A having a plurality of pixels, a control unit B that performs image scanning of the display unit A based on image information, and the like.
- the control unit B is electrically connected to the display unit A, and sends a scanning signal and an image data signal to each of a plurality of pixels based on image information from the outside, and the pixels for each scanning line respond to the image data signal by the scanning signal.
- the image information is sequentially emitted to scan the image and display the image information on the display unit A.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the display unit A.
- the display unit A has a wiring unit including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6 and a plurality of pixels 3 on the substrate.
- the main members of the display unit A will be described below.
- FIG. 2 shows a case where the light emitted from the pixel 3 is extracted in the direction of the white arrow (downward).
- the scanning line 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion are each made of a conductive material, and the scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a grid pattern and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions (details are illustrated). Not)
- the pixel 3 When the scanning signal is applied from the scanning line 5, the pixel 3 receives the image data signal from the data line 6 and emits light according to the received image data.
- Full-color display is possible by appropriately arranging pixels in the red region, the green region, and the blue region on the same substrate.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the pixel.
- the pixel includes an organic EL element 10, a switching transistor 11, a driving transistor 12, a capacitor 13, and the like.
- a full color display can be performed by using red, green, and blue light emitting organic EL elements as the organic EL elements 10 in a plurality of pixels, and juxtaposing them on the same substrate.
- an image data signal is applied from the control unit B to the drain of the switching transistor 11 via the data line 6.
- a scanning signal is applied from the control unit B to the gate of the switching transistor 11 via the scanning line 5
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned on, and the image data signal applied to the drain is supplied to the capacitor 13 and the driving transistor 12. Is transmitted to the gate.
- the capacitor 13 is charged according to the potential of the image data signal, and the drive transistor 12 is turned on.
- the drive transistor 12 has a drain connected to the power supply line 7 and a source connected to the electrode of the organic EL element 10.
- the power supply line 7 connects the organic EL element 10 to the potential of the image data signal applied to the gate. Current is supplied.
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 When the scanning signal moves to the next scanning line 5 by the sequential scanning of the control unit B, the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned off. However, since the capacitor 13 holds the charged potential of the image data signal even when the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned off, the driving of the driving transistor 12 is kept on and the next scanning signal is applied. Until then, the light emission of the organic EL element 10 continues.
- the driving transistor 12 When the scanning signal is next applied by sequential scanning, the driving transistor 12 is driven according to the potential of the next image data signal synchronized with the scanning signal, and the organic EL element 10 emits light.
- the organic EL element 10 emits light by the switching transistor 11 and the drive transistor 12 that are active elements for the organic EL elements 10 of the plurality of pixels, and the organic EL elements 10 of the plurality of pixels 3 emit light. It is carried out.
- Such a light emitting method is called an active matrix method.
- the light emission of the organic EL element 10 may be light emission of a plurality of gradations by a multi-value image data signal having a plurality of gradation potentials, or by turning on / off a predetermined light emission amount by a binary image data signal. Good.
- the potential of the capacitor 13 may be held continuously until the next scanning signal is applied, or may be discharged immediately before the next scanning signal is applied.
- the present invention not only the active matrix method described above, but also a passive matrix light emission drive in which an organic EL element emits light according to a data signal only when a scanning signal is scanned.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a passive matrix display device.
- a plurality of scanning lines 5 and a plurality of image data lines 6 are provided in a lattice shape so as to face each other with the pixel 3 interposed therebetween.
- the scanning signal of the scanning line 5 is applied by sequential scanning, the pixels 3 connected to the applied scanning line 5 emit light according to the image data signal.
- the pixel 3 has no active element, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- patterning may be performed by a metal mask, an ink jet printing method, or the like as needed during film formation.
- patterning only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire layer of the element may be patterned.
- a conventionally known method is used. Can do. ⁇ One Embodiment of Lighting Device of the Present Invention >> One aspect of the lighting device of the present invention that includes the organic EL element of the present invention will be described.
- the non-light-emitting surface of the organic EL device of the present invention is covered with a glass cover, a 300 ⁇ m thick glass substrate is used as a sealing substrate, and an epoxy-based photocurable adhesive (Lux Track manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is used as a sealing material around. LC0629B) is applied, and this is overlaid on the cathode and brought into close contact with the transparent support substrate, irradiated with UV light from the glass substrate side, cured and sealed, and an illumination device as shown in FIGS. Can be formed.
- an epoxy-based photocurable adhesive Long Track manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a lighting device, and the organic EL element 101 of the present invention is covered with a glass cover 102 (in addition, the sealing operation with the glass cover is to bring the organic EL element 101 into contact with the atmosphere. And a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere (in an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more).
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the lighting device.
- 105 denotes a cathode
- 106 denotes an organic EL layer
- 107 denotes a transparent electrode.
- the glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108 and a water catching agent 109 is provided.
- PEDOT / PSS polystyrene sulfonate
- Each of the deposition crucibles in the vacuum deposition apparatus was filled with the constituent material of each layer in an amount optimal for device fabrication.
- the evaporation crucible used was made of a resistance heating material made of molybdenum or tungsten.
- the deposition crucible containing the compound HT-1 was heated by energization, and deposited on the hole injection layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second.
- the hole transport layer was formed.
- the comparative compound 1 as the host material and D-63 as the phosphorescent material were co-evaporated at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second so that the volume percentage was 85% and 15%, respectively, and the light emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm Formed.
- Compound HB-1 was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 5 nm, and then Compound Alq was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to obtain a thickness of 30 nm.
- An electron transport layer was formed.
- potassium fluoride with a film thickness of 2 nm, 100 nm of aluminum was vapor-deposited to form a cathode.
- a can-shaped glass cover was adhered to the non-light-emitting surface side of the above element using a UV curable resin in a nitrogen atmosphere, and an organic EL element 101 was produced.
- the compound used in the present Example has the following chemical structural formula.
- organic EL element 101 was prepared in the same manner as organic EL element 101 except that comparative compound 1 as a host compound was changed to the compounds shown in Table 1. Elements 102 to 120 were produced.
- Luminous efficiency (EQE, external extraction quantum efficiency)
- the organic EL element was energized under a constant current condition of room temperature (about 23 to 25 ° C.) and 2.5 mA / cm 2 , and the light emission luminance (L0) [cd / m 2 ] immediately after the start of light emission was measured.
- the external extraction quantum efficiency ( ⁇ ) was calculated.
- the emission luminance was measured using CS-2000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing), and the external extraction quantum efficiency was expressed as a relative value with the organic EL element 101 as 100.
- Exciton stability A part different from the element part used in (1) above was irradiated with a UV-LED (5 W / cm 2 ) light source for 20 minutes. At this time, the distance between the light source and the sample was 15 mm. A constant current of 2.5 mA / cm 2 was applied to the sample after UV irradiation, the emission luminance immediately after light emission was measured, the luminance residual ratio was calculated using the following formula, and this was used as a measure of exciton stability. .
- the initial light emission luminance is the light emission luminance (L0) at the time of (1) evaluation of the light emission efficiency.
- Luminance residual ratio (%) (Luminance after UV 20 minutes irradiation) / (Initial luminance (L0)) ⁇ 100
- the organic EL element 101 is expressed as a relative value with 100. A larger value of the luminance residual ratio is superior to the comparison in exciton stability, and indicates that the durability of the organic EL element is high.
- Heat resistance (%) (half life at high temperature) / (half life at room temperature) ⁇ 100
- the organic EL element 101 is expressed as a relative value with 100. A larger heat resistance value indicates higher durability against temperature changes for comparison.
- Example 2 Fabrication of organic EL element 201
- the light emitting layer was used as a host material and D-41 as a comparative compound 1 and phosphorescent light emitting material was 90% and 10% by volume, respectively.
- An organic EL element 201 was produced in the same manner as the production of the organic EL element 101 except that co-evaporation was performed at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
- organic EL element 201 was prepared in the same manner as organic EL element 201, except that comparative compound 1 as the host compound was changed to the compounds shown in Table 2. Elements 202 to 215 were produced.
- Example 3 Preparation of Organic EL Element 301
- the comparative compound 1 as the host material and D-54 as the phosphorescent light emitting material were 94% and 6% by volume, respectively.
- the hole blocking material was changed from HB-1 to BAlq (bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (4-phenylphenolato) aluminum ( An organic EL element 301 was produced in the same manner as the production of the organic EL element 101 except that it was changed to III)).
- organic EL element 301 was prepared in the same manner as organic EL element 301, except that comparative compound 1 as a host compound was changed to the compounds shown in Table 3. Elements 302 to 317 were produced.
- Example 4 Preparation of organic EL element 401
- the reference compound 1 was transported as a second hole transport layer between the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second.
- An organic EL element 401 was produced in the same manner except that the second hole transport layer having a thickness of 10 nm was formed by vapor deposition on the layer.
- organic EL elements 402 to 410 were produced in the same manner as in the above.
- the compound of the present invention when used as a hole transporting material, it can be driven at a low voltage with respect to the comparative compound, and the half-life is increased, and the organic EL device using the compound of the present invention is low. It can be seen that voltage drive and durability are compatible.
- Example 5 Preparation of white organic EL element >> (1) Preparation of organic EL element 501 ITO (indium tin oxide) is formed as a positive electrode on a glass substrate having a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm with a thickness of 150 nm. The transparent substrate with the transparent electrode was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes, and then the transparent substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- Each of the deposition crucibles in the vacuum deposition apparatus was filled with the constituent material of each layer in an amount optimal for device fabrication.
- the evaporation crucible used was made of a resistance heating material made of molybdenum or tungsten.
- the deposition crucible containing the compound HAT was energized and heated, and deposited on the ITO transparent electrode at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec. An injection layer was formed.
- Compound HT-1 was vapor-deposited in the same manner to form a 70 nm-thick hole transport layer.
- Compound H-1, Compound D-20, and Compound D-4 were co-deposited at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second so that the volume percentage was 88%, 10%, and 2%, respectively.
- a first light emitting layer was formed.
- the compound (2-25) and the compound D-63 of the present invention were co-deposited at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second so as to be 90% and 15% by volume, respectively, and a second light emission with a film thickness of 20 nm was obtained. A layer was formed.
- Compound HB-1 was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 5 nm.
- Compound E-1 was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 45 nm.
- potassium fluoride with a film thickness of 2.0 nm, 100 nm of aluminum was vapor-deposited to form a cathode.
- the non-light-emitting surface side of the above element was covered with a can-shaped glass cover in an atmosphere of high purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more, and an electrode lead-out wiring was installed to produce an organic EL element 501.
- an illumination device as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is formed using the organic EL element 501 and energized, white light emission is obtained, and the organic EL element using the compound of the present invention is used as the illumination device. I found it possible.
- Example 6 Production of organic EL full-color display device >> 7A to 7E are schematic configuration diagrams of an organic EL full-color display device.
- a non-photosensitive polyimide partition wall 203 (width 20 ⁇ m, thickness 2.0 ⁇ m) was formed between the ITO transparent electrodes 202 by photolithography (see FIG. 7B).
- a hole injection layer composition having the following composition is ejected and injected on the ITO electrode 202 between the partition walls 203 using an inkjet head (manufactured by Epson Corporation; MJ800C), irradiated with ultraviolet light for 200 seconds, and 60 ° C.
- a 40-nm-thick hole injection layer 204 was provided by a drying process for 10 minutes (see FIG. 7C).
- a blue light-emitting layer composition, a green light-emitting layer composition, and a red light-emitting layer composition having the following compositions are similarly ejected and injected onto the hole injection layer 204 using an inkjet head, and dried at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes. Then, the light emitting layers 205B, 205G, and 205R for each color were provided (see FIG. 7D).
- E-1) is deposited to provide an electron transport layer (not shown) having a thickness of 45 nm
- lithium fluoride is further deposited to provide an electron injection layer (not shown) having a thickness of 0.5 nm
- Al is deposited.
- An organic EL element was manufactured by providing a cathode 206 having a thickness of 130 nm (see FIG. 7E).
- the produced organic EL elements showed blue, green, and red light emission by applying a voltage to the electrodes, respectively, and were found to be usable as a full-color display device.
- an organic electroluminescence element As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an organic electroluminescence element, a lighting device, and a display device that have high luminous efficiency and excellent durability.
- an organic EL element having the above effect can be manufactured by a wet process.
- the organic electroluminescent element material of the present invention has high triplet excitation energy, and uses the organic electroluminescent element material.
- the organic electroluminescent element has high luminous efficiency and excellent durability.
- An apparatus can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
2.上記一般式(1)で表される構造が、下記一般式(2)で表される構造であることを特徴とする第1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
3.前記一般式(1)で表される構造が下記一般式(1-1)で表される構造であることを特徴とする第1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
4.前記一般式(2)で表される構造が下記一般式(2-1)で表される構造であることを特徴とする第2項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
5.陽極と陰極に挟まれた少なくとも発光層を含む有機層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、第1項から第4項までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料を、前記有機層のいずれかに含有していることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
8.第5項から第7項までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子が具備されていることを特徴とする表示装置。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料は、前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有することを特徴とする。
本発明の有機EL素子用材料は、環α及び環βがともに5員の芳香族複素環基であり、且つ、環αと環βが単結合によって連結していることが特徴である。
一般式(1)に記載の通り、一般式(1-1)における複素5員環は、ピロール、フラン、チオフェン、ピラゾール、1,2,3-トリアゾール、1,2,4-トリアゾール、テトラゾール、オキサゾール、イソオキサゾール、オキサジアゾール、チアゾール、イソチアゾールあるいはチアジアゾールのいずれかである。
その他の記号の意味は一般式(1)と同義である。
Lは、2価の連結基を表し、環αと環βを連結するとともに、環α及び環βの一部と連結基Lで新たに環を形成する。連結基として、例えば、アルキレン基、アルケニレン基、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基、アミノ基、アミド基、シリル基、ホスフィンオキシド基、アリールアルキレン基、非芳香族炭化水素環、非芳香族複素環基、-O-、-S-、又はこれらを任意に組み合わせた連結基等が挙げられる。Lで表される2価の連結基として好ましくはアルキレン基、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基、アミノ基、アミド基、シリル基、ホスフィンオキシド基が挙げられ、アルキレン基、エーテル基、エステル基、アミノ基、シリル基、ホスフィンオキシド基がより好ましく、アルキレン基、エーテル基がさらに好ましい。
実線と破線の2重線は単結合又は2重結合であることを表し、A1~A5で形成される環及びB1~B5で形成される環は共に芳香族環である。
一般式(DP)において、MはIr、Pt、Rh、Ru、Ag、Cu又はOsを挙げることができ、Ir、Pt、Rh、Ru又はOsであることがより好ましく、Ir、Pt又はOsであることがより好ましい。
環Z2は5員の芳香族複素環であることが好ましく、B1及びB2は少なくとも一方が窒素原子であることが好ましい。
A3及びB3は炭素原子又は窒素原子を表し、L″は2価の連結基を表す。L″で表される2価の連結基としては、例えば、アルキレン基、アルケニレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基、2価の複素環基、-O-、-S-、又はこれらを任意に組み合わせた連結基等が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子における代表的な素子構成としては、以下の構成を上げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
(1)陽極/発光層/陰極
(2)陽極/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(3)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/陰極
(4)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(5)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(6)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(7)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/(電子阻止層/)発光層/(正孔阻止層/)電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
上記の中で(7)の構成が好ましく用いられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
また、本発明に係る有機EL素子は、少なくとも1層の発光層を含む発光ユニットを複数積層した、いわゆるタンデム構造の素子であってもよい。
ここで、上記複数の発光ユニットは全て同じであっても異なっていてもよい。また2つの発光ユニットが同じであり、残る1つが異なっていてもよい。複数の発光ユニットは直接積層されていても、中間層(中間電極、中間導電層、電荷発生層、電子引抜層、接続層、中間絶縁層とも呼ばれる)を介して積層されていてもよく、陽極側の隣接層に電子を、陰極側の隣接層に正孔を供給する機能を持った層であれば、公知の材料構成を用いることができる。
本発明に係る発光層は、電極又は隣接層から注入されてくる電子及び正孔が再結合し、励起子を経由して発光する場を提供する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても、発光層と隣接層との界面であってもよい。本発明に係る発光層は、本発明で規定する要件を満たしていれば、その構成に特に制限はない。
本発明に係る発光ドーパントについて説明する。
本発明に係る蛍光発光性ドーパント(以下、「蛍光ドーパント」ともいう。)について説明する。
本発明に係るリン光発光性ドーパント(以下、「リン光ドーパント」ともいう。)について説明する。
本発明に係るホスト化合物(ホスト材料ともいう。)は、発光層において主に電荷の注入及び輸送を担う化合物であり、有機EL素子においてそれ自体の発光は実質的に観測されない。
本発明において電子輸送層とは、電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、陰極より注入された電子を発光層に伝達する機能を有していればよい。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有する層であり、好ましくは電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が小さい材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
本発明に係る電子注入層(「陰極バッファー層」ともいう。)とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために陰極と発光層との間に設けられる層のことで、「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の第2編第2章「電極材料」(123~166頁)に詳細に記載されている。
本発明において正孔輸送層とは、正孔を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、陽極より注入された正孔を発光層に伝達する機能を有していればよい。
電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有する層であり、好ましくは正孔を輸送する機能を有しつつ電子を輸送する能力が小さい材料からなり、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
本発明に係る正孔注入層(「陽極バッファー層」ともいう。)とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために陽極と発光層との間に設けられる層のことで、「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の第2編第2章「電極材料」(123~166頁)に詳細に記載されている。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、支持基板(基板)の光取出し側に、例えばマイクロレンズアレイ上の構造を設けるように加工したり、あるいは、集光シートと組み合わせたりすることにより、特定方向、例えば素子発光面に対し正面方向に集光することにより、特定方向上の輝度を高めることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子を具備した、本発明の照明装置の一態様について説明する。
《有機EL素子の作製》
(1)有機EL素子101の作製
50mm×50mm、厚さ0.7mmのガラス基板上に、陽極としてITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を150nmの厚さで製膜し、パターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を付けた透明基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。さらにこの基板上に、ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)-ポリスチレンスルホネート(PEDOT/PSSと略記、Bayer製、Baytron P Al 4083)を純水で希釈した溶液をスピンコート法により製膜した後、140℃にて1時間乾燥し、膜厚50nmの正孔注入層を設けた。この透明基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定した。
有機EL素子101の作製において、ホスト化合物である比較化合物1を表1に記載の化合物に変えた以外は有機EL素子101の作製と同様にして有機EL素子102~120を作製した。
各サンプルについて下記の評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
有機EL素子を室温(約23~25℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による通電を行い、発光開始直後の発光輝度(L0)[cd/m2]を測定することにより、外部取り出し量子効率(η)を算出した。
下記に示す測定法に従って、半減寿命の評価を行った。
各有機EL素子を初期輝度4000cd/m2を与える電流で定電流駆動して、初期輝度の1/2になる時間を求め、これを半減寿命の尺度とした。なお、半減寿命は有機EL素子101を100とする相対値で表した。
上記(1)で使用した素子部位とは別の部位にUV-LED(5W/cm2)光源を20分照射した。なおこの時の光源とサンプルの距離は15mmとした。UV照射後のサンプルに2.5mA/cm2の定電流を印加し、発光直後の発光輝度を測定し、下記式を用いて輝度残存率を算出し、これを励起子安定性の尺度とした。なお初期発光輝度は上記(1)発光効率評価時の発光輝度(L0)である。
表1には有機EL素子101を100とする相対値で表した。輝度残存率の値が大きいほうが比較に対して励起子安定性に優れ、有機EL素子の耐久性が高いことを示す。
有機EL素子を高温条件下(約50±5℃)の恒温槽に入れ、上記(2)半減寿命の測定法と同条件で半減寿命の評価を行い、下記式を用いて耐熱性を算出した。
表1には有機EL素子101を100とする相対値で表した。耐熱性の値が大きいほうが比較に対して温度変化に対する耐久性が高いことを示す。
(1)有機EL素子201の作製
有機EL素子101の作製において、発光層をホスト材料とし比較の化合物1及びリン光発光材料としてD-41をそれぞれ90%、10%の体積%になるように蒸着速度0.1nm/秒で共蒸着し、膜厚30nmの発光層を形成した以外は有機EL素子101の作製と同様にして、有機EL素子201を作製した。
有機EL素子201の作製において、ホスト化合物である比較化合物1を表2に記載の化合物に変えた以外は有機EL素子201の作製と同様にして有機EL素子202~215を作製した。
各サンプルについて有機EL素子101~120と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
(1)有機EL素子301の作製
有機EL素子101の作製において、発光層の形成において、ホスト材料として比較の化合物1及びリン光発光材料としてD-54をそれぞれ94%、6%の体積%になるようにし30nmの発光層を形成し、さらに正孔阻止層の形成において、正孔阻止材料をHB-1からBAlq(ビス(2-メチル-8-キノリノラト)(4-フェニルフェノラト)アルミニウム(III))に変更した以外は有機EL素子101の作製と同様にして、有機EL素子301を作製した。
有機EL素子301の作製において、ホスト化合物である比較化合物1を表3に記載の化合物に変えた以外は有機EL素子301の作製と同様にして有機EL素子302~317を作製した。
各サンプルについて有機EL素子101~120と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
(1)有機EL素子401の作製
有機EL素子115の作製において、正孔輸送層と発光層の間に第2の正孔輸送層として比較化合物1を蒸着速度0.1nm/秒で正孔輸送層上に蒸着し、膜厚10nmの第2の正孔輸送層を形成した以外は同様にして有機EL素子401を作製した。
有機EL素子401の作製において、第2の正孔輸送層の材料である比較較化合物1を表4に記載の化合物に変えた以外は有機EL素子401の作製と同様にして有機EL素子402~410を作製した。
各サンプルについて有機EL素子101~120と同様の半減寿命の評価に加え駆動電圧の評価を行った。評価結果を表4に示す。
有機EL素子を室温(約23~25℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による通電を行った際の駆動電圧を測定し、有機EL素子401を100とする相対値で表した。
実施例1の半減寿命の評価と同様の方法で、半減寿命の評価を行った。なお、半減寿命は有機EL素子401を100とする相対値で表した。
《白色有機EL素子の作製》
(1)有機EL素子501の作製
50mm×50mm、厚さ0.7mmのガラス基板上に、陽極としてITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を150nmの厚さで製膜し、パターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を付けた透明基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った後、この透明基板を真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定した。
《有機ELフルカラー表示装置の作製》
図7A~図7Eは、有機ELフルカラー表示装置の概略構成図を示す。
HT-1:20質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン:50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル:50質量部
(青色発光層組成物)
本発明の化合物(2-20):0.8質量部
DP-55:0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン:50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル:50質量部
(緑色発光層組成物)
H-1:0.7質量部
D-20:0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン:50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル:50質量部
(赤色発光層組成物)
H-1:0.7質量部
D-4:0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン:50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル:50質量部
次に、各発光層205B、205G、205Rを覆うように電子輸送材料(化合物E-1)を蒸着して膜厚45nmの電子輸送層(図示略)を設け、更にフッ化リチウムを蒸着して膜厚0.5nmの電子注入層(図示略)を設け、Alを蒸着して膜厚130nmの陰極206を設けて有機EL素子を作製した(図7E参照)。
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
7 電源ライン
10 有機EL素子
11 スイッチングトランジスター
12 駆動トランジスター
13 コンデンサー
101 有機EL素子
102 ガラスカバー
105 陰極
106 有機EL層
107 透明電極
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
201 ガラス基板
202 透明電極
203 隔壁
204 正孔注入層
205B、205G、205R 各色の発光層
A 表示部
B 制御部
L 光
Claims (9)
- 前記一般式(1)で表される構造が下記一般式(1-1)で表される構造であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 前記一般式(2)で表される構造が下記一般式(2-1)で表される構造であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 陽極と陰極に挟まれた少なくとも発光層を含む有機層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料を、前記有機層のいずれかに含有していることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層が、リン光発光性化合物を含有していることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記リン光発光性化合物が、下記一般式(DP)で表される構造を有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項5から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子が具備されていることを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求項5から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子が具備されていることを特徴とする照明装置。
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JP2014197577A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-16 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 |
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