WO2014141798A1 - 静電噴霧装置、および静電噴霧装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
静電噴霧装置、および静電噴霧装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014141798A1 WO2014141798A1 PCT/JP2014/053204 JP2014053204W WO2014141798A1 WO 2014141798 A1 WO2014141798 A1 WO 2014141798A1 JP 2014053204 W JP2014053204 W JP 2014053204W WO 2014141798 A1 WO2014141798 A1 WO 2014141798A1
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- electrode
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- voltage
- electrostatic spraying
- spraying device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
- B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
- B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
- B05B5/0535—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes at least two electrodes having different potentials being held on the discharge apparatus, one of them being a charging electrode of the corona type located in the spray or close to it, and another being of the non-corona type located outside of the path for the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/0255—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns spraying and depositing by electrostatic forces only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrostatic spraying device having excellent spray stability and a method for controlling the electrostatic spraying device.
- spraying apparatuses that spray liquid in containers from nozzles (hereinafter referred to as spray electrodes) have been applied to a wide range of fields.
- an electrostatic spraying device that atomizes and sprays a liquid by electrohydrodynamics (EHD) is known.
- EHD electrohydrodynamics
- This electrostatic spraying device forms an electric field at the tip of the spray electrode and atomizes and ejects liquid from the tip of the spray electrode using the electric field.
- Patent Document 1 is known as a document disclosing such an electrostatic spraying device.
- Patent Document 1 has room for improvement in the following points.
- an electrostatic spraying device forms an electric field between a reference electrode and a spray electrode, and uses the electric field to atomize and spray a liquid from the tip of the spray electrode. In particular, it is a period immediately after the start of operation, and it may take time until a desired spray amount is obtained (hereinafter also referred to as “start-up period”).
- start-up period a period immediately after the start of operation, and it may take time until a desired spray amount is obtained.
- start-up period a desired spray amount is obtained
- the conventional electrostatic spraying device has problems that the electric field becomes unstable, the fluctuation of the spray amount becomes large, the spray angle of the liquid becomes large, and the sprayed liquid returns to the electrostatic spraying device side, The problem that the surface of the device gets wet (Face-wet) may also occur.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic spraying device capable of enhancing the stability of spraying.
- an electrostatic spraying device includes a first electrode that sprays a substance from a tip, and a second electrode to which a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the first electrode.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively disposed in a first opening and a second opening formed on the surface of the device, and further, the first opening and the second electrode
- a third electrode different from the first electrode and the second electrode is provided between the opening and the magnitude of the voltage between the first electrode or the second electrode and the third electrode. Control is performed within a predetermined range smaller than the magnitude of the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the electrostatic spraying apparatus includes a first electrode that sprays a substance from a tip and the first electrode. And a third electrode different from the first electrode and the second electrode between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the first electrode A voltage application step of applying a first voltage between the electrode and the second electrode; and a magnitude of the voltage between the first electrode or the second electrode and the third electrode. And a voltage control step of controlling to a predetermined range smaller than the magnitude of the voltage between the second electrode and the second electrode.
- an electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the first electrode is positively charged and the second electrode is negatively charged (or vice versa).
- the first electrode sprays a positively charged substance.
- the second electrode is ionized negatively by ionizing air in the vicinity of the electrode.
- the negatively charged air moves away from the second electrode due to the electric field formed between the electrodes and the repulsive force between the negatively charged air particles. This movement generates a flow of air (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an ion flow), and the positively charged substance is sprayed in a direction away from the electrostatic spraying device by the ion flow.
- the inventors of the present application have a problem that, in the conventional electrostatic spraying device, a desired spray amount cannot be obtained in a start-up period, particularly after a start of operation, until a desired spray amount is obtained. I found the potential. Furthermore, the inventors of the present application provide a third electrode different from the first electrode and the second electrode between the first opening and the second opening, and When the magnitude of the voltage applied between the first electrode or the second electrode and the third electrode is within a predetermined range smaller than the magnitude of the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, It has been found that the stability of spray during the start-up period is increased.
- the electrostatic spraying apparatus which concerns on one aspect can improve the stability of spraying through an operation period including a start-up period.
- the “predetermined range” varies depending on the magnitude of the voltage applied between the first opening and the second opening, and is not uniquely determined.
- An electrostatic spraying apparatus includes a first electrode that sprays a substance from a tip, and a second electrode to which a voltage is applied between the first electrode, the first electrode, and the second electrode.
- the electrodes are respectively disposed inside a first opening and a second opening formed on the surface of the device, and further, the first electrode and the second opening are interposed between the first electrode and the second opening.
- a third electrode different from the second electrode is provided, and the magnitude of the voltage between the first electrode or the second electrode and the third electrode is determined between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the voltage can be controlled within a predetermined range smaller than the voltage level.
- the electrostatic spraying device control method includes: a first electrode that sprays a substance from a tip; a second electrode to which a voltage is applied between the first electrode; And a third electrode different from the first electrode and the second electrode between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the gap between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the voltage application step for applying the first voltage, the magnitude of the voltage between the first electrode or the second electrode, and the third electrode is set to the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the electrostatic spraying device and the control method of the electrostatic spraying device according to the invention have an effect that the stability of spraying can be improved.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the photograph of the front-end
- size of the voltage applied between a spray electrode and a guard electrode is set to the middle of the magnitude
- the electrostatic spraying apparatus 100 is an apparatus used for spraying aromatic oil, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, insecticides, air cleaning chemicals, etc., and includes a spray electrode (first electrode) 1 and a reference electrode ( A second electrode) 2, a power supply device 3, and a guard electrode (third electrode) 4.
- FIG. 2 is a view for explaining the external appearance of the electrostatic spraying device 100.
- the electrostatic spraying device 100 has a rectangular shape.
- a spray electrode 1 and a reference electrode 2 are disposed on one surface of the apparatus.
- the spray electrode 1 is located in the vicinity of the reference electrode 2.
- An annular opening 11 (first opening) is formed so as to surround the spray electrode 1, and an annular opening 12 (second opening) is formed so as to surround the reference electrode 2.
- a voltage (first voltage) is applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2, whereby an electric field is formed between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- a positively charged droplet is sprayed from the spray electrode 1.
- the reference electrode 2 is negatively charged by ionizing air in the vicinity of the electrode.
- the negatively charged air moves away from the reference electrode 2 due to the electric field formed between the electrodes and the repulsive force between the negatively charged air particles. This movement generates a flow of air (hereinafter also referred to as an ion flow), and positively charged droplets are sprayed in a direction away from the electrostatic spraying device 100 by the ion flow.
- a flow of air hereinafter also referred to as an ion flow
- the guard electrode 4 is provided between the opening 11 and the opening 12.
- the guard electrode 4 is not limited to a rectangle as shown in FIG. 2, and may be formed in a line shape, a dot shape, or the like.
- the guard electrode 4 is provided between the opening 11 and the opening 12, and more preferably, the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode are used in order to make the electric field formed at the tip of the spray electrode 1 suitable for substance spraying. 2 are arranged so as to overlap on a line connecting 2.
- the electrostatic spraying device 100 may have other shapes instead of a rectangular shape. Moreover, the opening 11 and the opening 12 may have a shape different from the annular shape, and the opening dimensions thereof may be appropriately adjusted.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the spray electrode 1, the reference electrode 2, and the guard electrode 4.
- the spray electrode 1 has a conductive conduit such as a metallic capillary (for example, 304 type stainless steel) and a tip 5 that is a tip.
- the spray electrode 1 is electrically connected to the reference electrode 2 via the power supply device 3.
- a spray substance (hereinafter simply referred to as “substance”) is sprayed from the tip portion 5.
- the spray electrode 1 has an inclined surface 9 that is inclined with respect to the axial center of the spray electrode 1, and the tip is narrower and sharper toward the tip 5.
- the reference electrode 2 is made of a conductive rod such as a metal pin (for example, a 304 type steel pin).
- the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval and are arranged in parallel to each other. Further, the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 are arranged, for example, at an interval of 8 mm from each other.
- the power supply device 3 applies a high voltage between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- the power supply device 3 applies a high voltage of 1-30 kV (eg, 3-7 kV) between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- a high voltage is applied, an electric field is formed between the electrodes, and an electric dipole is generated inside the dielectric 10.
- the spray electrode 1 is positively charged and the reference electrode 2 is negatively charged (or vice versa).
- negative dipoles are generated on the surface of the dielectric 10 closest to the positive spray electrode 1, and positive dipoles are generated on the surface of the dielectric 10 closest to the negative reference electrode 2.
- the charge generated in the reference electrode 2 is a charge having a polarity opposite to the polarity of the liquid.
- the liquid charge is balanced by the charge generated at the reference electrode 2. Therefore, the electrostatic spray device 100 can achieve spray stability by current feedback control based on the principle of charge balance.
- the power supply device 3 applies a voltage between the spray electrode 1 and the guard electrode 4 and / or between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4. The details will be described with reference to FIG.
- the guard electrode 4 is an electrode made of a conductive material.
- a conductor such as a conductive plastic can be cited as an example.
- the guard electrode 4 may be disposed on the dielectric 10, or may be disposed inside a recess or opening formed in the dielectric 10.
- the guard electrode 4 may be realized by a configuration that is incorporated in the electrostatic spraying device 100 and is not exposed to the outside.
- the guard electrode 4 may be covered with a thin dielectric film. Thereby, the electric shock which may arise by contacting the guard electrode 4 can also be prevented beforehand.
- the guard electrode 4 may be realized in various forms and arrangements as long as the electric field formed at the tip of the spray electrode 1 fulfills the above-described function of being an electric field suitable for substance spraying.
- the electrostatic spraying device 100 (control method of the electrostatic spraying device 100) is applied between the spray electrode 1 or the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 (voltage application step). Control is performed within a predetermined range smaller than the magnitude of the voltage applied to the reference electrode 2 (voltage control step).
- the predetermined range is the magnitude of the voltage that increases the stability of the spray during the start-up period, and is the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 or the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4.
- a range can be said that spraying is stable when the liquid sprayed from the spray electrode 1 has a Taylor cone shape.
- the dielectric 10 is made of a dielectric material such as nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 12, polypropylene, nylon 66, or a polyacetyl-polytetrafluoroethylene mixture.
- the dielectric 10 supports the spray electrode 1 at the spray electrode mounting portion 6 and supports the reference electrode 2 at the reference electrode mounting portion 7.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a configuration diagram of the power supply device 3.
- the power source device 3 includes a power source 21, a high voltage generator 22, a monitoring circuit 23 that monitors output voltages at the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2, and a current value of the reference electrode 2 within a predetermined value (predetermined range).
- a control circuit (current control means, voltage control means) 24 is provided for controlling the high voltage generator 22 so that the output voltage of the high voltage generator 22 becomes a desired value in a controlled state.
- the control circuit 24 includes a microprocessor 241 that may be designed to further adjust the output voltage and spray time based on other feedback information 25. .
- the feedback information 25 includes environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and / or atmospheric pressure), liquid amount, arbitrary settings by the user, and the like. Further, the control circuit 24 controls the magnitude of the voltage between the spray electrode 1 or the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode to a predetermined range smaller than the magnitude of the voltage between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2. It is possible.
- the power source 21 can be a well-known power source, and includes a main power source or one or more batteries.
- the power source 21 is preferably a low voltage power source or a direct current (DC) power source.
- one battery is formed by combining one or more voltaic batteries. Suitable batteries include AA batteries and AA batteries. The number of batteries depends on the required voltage level and the power consumption of the power source.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the power source 21.
- the power source 21 includes a power source 21a and a power source 21b.
- the power source 21 a applies a voltage between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- the power source 21 b applies a voltage between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4.
- the power source 21 b may apply a voltage between the spray electrode 1 and the guard electrode 4.
- the electrostatic spraying apparatus 100 determines the magnitude of the voltage between the spray electrode 1 or the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 by the power source 21b, and the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2. It is possible to control to a predetermined range included in the range.
- the guard electrode 4 is not limited to the above-described method, and a voltage can be applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 by various methods.
- the current feedback control for controlling the current value in the guard electrode 4 to a certain range (value), the voltage between the spray electrode 1 and the guard electrode 4, or the voltage between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4. Examples include voltage feedback control for controlling to a certain range (value), a combination thereof, and the like.
- the current feedback control can stabilize the amount of substance spray from the spray electrode 1 even when the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 is large, and is preferably applied. Details thereof will be described later.
- the current feedback control and the voltage feedback control may be performed by software incorporated in the microprocessor 241.
- the present embodiment may be realized with the following configuration.
- the power source 21 includes only the power source 21a and does not include the power source 21b.
- the guard electrode 4 has a zero current (floating).
- a voltage is applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 by the power source 21a.
- the power source 21b is not necessary, which reduces the manufacturing cost of the electrostatic spraying device and contributes to the compactness of the device.
- the high voltage generator 22 includes an oscillator 221, a transformer 222, and a converter circuit 223.
- the oscillator 221 converts direct current into alternating current, and the transformer 222 is driven with alternating current.
- a converter circuit 223 is connected to the transformer 222.
- the converter circuit 223 includes a charge pump and a rectifier circuit.
- the converter circuit 223 generates a desired voltage and converts alternating current into direct current.
- a typical converter circuit is a Cockloft-Walton circuit.
- the monitoring circuit 23 includes a current feedback circuit 231 and may include a voltage feedback circuit 232 depending on applications.
- the current feedback circuit 231 measures the current value of the reference electrode 2. Since the electrostatic spraying device 100 is charge-balanced, the current at the tip 5 of the spray electrode 1 can be accurately monitored by measuring and referring to the current value of the reference electrode 2. According to this method, there is no need to provide an expensive, complicated and confusing measuring means at the tip 5 of the spray electrode 1, and it is not necessary to estimate the contribution of the discharge (corona) current to the measuring current. .
- the current feedback circuit 231 may include any conventional current measuring device such as a current transformer.
- the current in the reference electrode 2 is measured by measuring the voltage in a set resistor (feedback resistor) connected in series with the reference electrode 2.
- the measured voltage in the set register is read using an analog to digital (A / D) converter.
- a / D converter is a part of a microprocessor.
- a suitable microprocessor with an analog-to-digital converter is a PIC16F18 ** family of microprocessors from Microchip. The digital information is processed by the microprocessor to provide output to the control circuit 24.
- the voltage measured by the set register is compared with a predetermined constant reference voltage value using a comparator.
- the comparator requires very low current (generally nanoamperes or less) and has a fast response speed.
- the microprocessor 241 incorporates a comparator for that purpose.
- the above-mentioned PIC16F1824 of the microchip family provides a suitable comparator having a very low input current value and a constant reference voltage.
- the reference voltage value input to the comparator is set using a D / A converter included in the microprocessor 241 and a selectable reference voltage value is prepared. In normal operation, the circuit can detect whether the measured current is higher or lower than the required value determined by the magnitude of the reference voltage and the feedback resistor and provides that information to the control circuit 24.
- the monitoring circuit 23 is also provided with a voltage feedback circuit 232 and measures the voltage applied to the spray electrode 1.
- the applied voltage is monitored directly by measuring the voltage at the junction of the two resistors forming a voltage divider connecting the two electrodes.
- the applied voltage is monitored by measuring the voltage generated at a node in the Cockloft-Walton circuit using similar voltage divider principles.
- the feedback information is processed through an A / D exchanger or by comparing the feedback signal with a reference voltage value using a comparator.
- the control circuit 24 acquires information indicating the current value of the reference electrode 2 from the monitoring circuit 23, and compares the current value of the reference electrode 2 with a predetermined current value (for example, 0.867 ⁇ A). Then, if the current value of the reference electrode 2 is not a predetermined current value, the control circuit 24 controls the current value of the reference electrode 2 so as to be a predetermined current value.
- the control circuit 24 controls the current value of the reference electrode 2 to a predetermined current value, and then sets the amplitude, frequency, or duty cycle of the oscillator 221 and the voltage on / off time (or a combination thereof). By controlling, the output voltage of the high voltage generator 22 is controlled.
- control circuit 24 sets the current value of the reference electrode 2 to a certain width instead of the “predetermined current value”. Control may be performed so as to be within a predetermined range ( ⁇ 5%).
- feedback information 25 may be input to the microprocessor 241 because it is necessary to compensate the voltage or duty cycle / spray interval based on the atmospheric temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, liquid amount of liquid, and the like.
- the information is given as analog information or digital information and is processed by the microprocessor 241.
- the microprocessor 241 can perform compensation to increase the quality and stability of the spray by changing either the spray interval, the time to turn on the spray, or the applied voltage.
- the power supply device 3 includes a temperature detection element such as a thermistor used for temperature compensation.
- the power supply device 3 changes a spray space
- the spray interval is the total power on / off time.
- the spray interval can be changed by software built into the microprocessor 241 of the power supply and increases from the set point when the temperature rises and decreases from the set point when the temperature falls.
- the increase and decrease of the spray interval is preferably according to a predetermined index determined by the characteristics of the substance to be sprayed.
- the compensation change amount of the spray interval may be limited so that the spray interval changes only between 0-60 ° C. (eg, 10-45 ° C.). For this reason, extreme temperatures recorded by the temperature sensing element are considered erroneous and are not considered, and for high and low temperatures, an acceptable but not optimal spray interval is set.
- the on / off interval of the spray interval may be adjusted to make the spray interval constant, and the spray time may be increased or decreased within the spray interval when the temperature rises or falls.
- the power supply device 3 may further include an inspection circuit that detects the characteristics of the substance to be sprayed and generates characteristic information indicating the characteristics of the substance.
- the characteristic information generated by the inspection circuit is supplied to the control circuit 24.
- the control circuit 24 uses this characteristic information to compensate at least one voltage control signal.
- the voltage control signal is a signal generated based on the detection result of ambient environmental conditions (for example, temperature, humidity and / or atmospheric pressure, and / or spray amount), and adjusts the output voltage or spray time. It is a signal for.
- the power supply device 3 may include a pressure sensor in order to monitor the ambient pressure (atmospheric pressure).
- the internal configuration of the power supply device 3 has been described above. However, the above description is an example of the power supply device 3, and the power supply device 3 may be realized by other configurations as long as it has the above function.
- the dielectric 10 can be considered as a factor that affects the strength of the electric field formed between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- the dielectric 10 is charged by positive and negative charges generated at the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 when a voltage is applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- the electric charge charged in the dielectric 10 may affect the electric field formed between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2, and as a result, may affect the spray stability of the electrostatic spray device 100.
- the inventors of the present application have found.
- a desired spray amount may not be obtained particularly during a period immediately after the start of operation (hereinafter, referred to as “startup period” in some cases). If the desired amount of spraying is not performed during the start-up period, the electrostatic spraying device can be said to have room for improvement in spray stability.
- FIG. 6 is a graph for explaining the relationship between the number of days and the spray amount when a conventional electrostatic spray device is used.
- the horizontal axis represents the number of days elapsed (day)
- the vertical axis represents the spray amount (g / day) on the left side
- This data was obtained through 10 spray tests.
- a liquid having a conductivity of 280 ⁇ S / m at 25 ° and a relative humidity of 55% is used.
- the conventional electrostatic spraying device refers to an electrostatic spraying device that does not include an electrode corresponding to the guard electrode 4 of the electrostatic spraying device 100.
- the spray amount is low immediately after the start of operation, and gradually increases with the passage of time.
- 2 ⁇ exceeds 70% when it is high, and it can be seen that the variation in the spray amount is large.
- FIG. 7 shows a photograph of the tip after 3 days from the start of operation when a conventional electrostatic spraying device is used.
- FIG. 8 shows a photograph of the tip of the spray electrode 1 after 25 days when a conventional electrostatic spraying device is used.
- Taylor cone spray is not recognized at the tip of the spray electrode 1.
- Taylor cone-shaped spray is recognized at the tip of the spray electrode 1 as shown in FIG.
- the spray amount immediately after the start of operation may not be sufficient.
- the electrostatic spraying device 100 is provided between the opening 11 formed so as to surround the spray electrode 1 and the opening 12 formed so as to surround the reference electrode 2.
- a guard electrode 4 is provided between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- the electrostatic spraying device 100 applies a voltage between the spray electrode 1 or the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 to form a strong electric field around the spray electrode 1, thereby improving the spray stability. Increase. The concept will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows the electric field when the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the guard electrode 4 is set to the middle of the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2. It is a figure for demonstrating the mode of.
- the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the guard electrode 4 is set to the middle of the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- the electric field around the spray electrode 1 becomes strong, and an electric field suitable for spraying the substance is formed.
- D1 indicates the spray direction of the substance
- D2 indicates the direction of ion flow.
- D1 when the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the guard electrode 4 is set to the middle of the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2
- the substance is sprayed in a direction away from the electrostatic spraying device 100.
- FIG. 10 shows the state of the electric field when the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the guard electrode 4 is slightly lower than the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2. It is a figure for demonstrating. At this time, the electric field strength around the spray electrode 1 decreases, and the substance is not sprayed from the spray electrode 1.
- FIG. 11 shows the state of the electric field when the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the guard electrode 4 is extremely lower than the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2. It is a figure for demonstrating. At this time, an extremely strong electric field is formed around the spray electrode 1. However, although a strong electric field is necessary to obtain a good spray state, in the case of FIG. 11, the substance sprayed from the spray electrode 1 moves toward the dielectric 10 and moves away from the electrostatic spray device 100. Spraying in the direction (corresponding to D1 in FIG. 9) is not performed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrostatic spraying device 100 according to the present embodiment, and is a schematic diagram of the electrostatic spraying device 100 used for the measurement of FIGS.
- the electrostatic spraying device 100 includes a guard electrode 4 between the opening 11 and the opening 12, more specifically, between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- the guard electrode 4 has a rectangular shape, has a length of 2 mm in the longitudinal direction and a length of 0.5 mm in the lateral direction, and is provided on the dielectric 10.
- the distance between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 is 8 mm, and the center of the guard electrode 4 in the short direction is positioned at a position 5 mm from the spray electrode 1 and 3 mm from the reference electrode 2. Further, the center of the guard electrode 4 is positioned on the line connecting the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 or substantially on the line.
- the specifications such as the size of the guard electrode 4 are those in the measurement of FIGS. 12 to 14, and the electrostatic spraying device 100 is realized by various configurations regardless of the specifications. Needless to say.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 and the current value in the guard electrode 4 when a voltage of 6 kV is applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2. It is a graph which shows. In this graph, the horizontal axis indicates the magnitude of the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4, and the vertical axis indicates the current value in the guard electrode 4.
- the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is changed in the range of 1.3 kV to 2.8 kV, and the voltage between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 is kept constant.
- the following four conditions were confirmed under this condition. Specifically, as a first state, when the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is lower than 2 kV, the substance sprayed from the spray electrode 1 is directed toward the dielectric 10. (Hereinafter, this phenomenon is referred to as “sprayback”). At this time, since it is necessary to reduce the value of the current that is energized by the positively charged droplet, the current value at the guard electrode 4 is measured as a negative value.
- the momentum at which the substance is sprayed decreases and the spray electrode 1 sprays.
- the Taylor cone shape of the liquid is unstable.
- the current value in the guard electrode 4 is a positive value. This is because when the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 increases, negative charges generated by the reference electrode 2 are attracted toward the guard electrode 4.
- the current value in the guard electrode 4 may be set within the range of ⁇ 0.5 to 0.5 ⁇ A, thereby achieving a good spray state. Can be realized.
- FIG. 13 shows the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 when a voltage of 5.5 kV is applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2, and the current value in the guard electrode 4. It is a graph which shows the relationship. In this graph, the horizontal axis indicates the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4, and the vertical axis indicates the current value in the guard electrode 4. The voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is changed in the range of 1.3 kV to 2.8 kV, and the voltage between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 is kept constant.
- the following four conditions were confirmed under this condition. Specifically, as a first state, when the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is lower than 1.9 kV, the substance sprayed from the spray electrode 1 is sprayed back. At this time, since it is necessary to reduce the current value to be energized by the positively charged droplet, the current value at the guard electrode 4 is measured as a negative value.
- the momentum at which the substance is sprayed decreases, and the spray electrode 1 sprays.
- the Taylor cone shape of the liquid is unstable.
- the current value in the guard electrode 4 is a positive value. This is because when the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is increased, negative charges generated by the reference electrode 2 are attracted toward the guard electrode 4.
- the current value in the guard electrode 4 may be set within the range of ⁇ 1.0 to 1.0 ⁇ A, thereby realizing a good spray state. can do.
- FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 and the current value in the guard electrode 4 when a voltage of 5 kV is applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2. It is a graph which shows. In this graph, the horizontal axis indicates the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4, and the vertical axis indicates the current value in the guard electrode 4. The voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is changed in the range of 1.3 kV to 2.8 kV, and the voltage between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 is kept constant.
- the following four conditions were confirmed under this condition. Specifically, as a first state, when the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is lower than 1.8 kV, the substance sprayed from the spray electrode 1 is sprayed back. At this time, since it is necessary to reduce the current value to be energized by the positively charged droplet, the current value at the guard electrode 4 is measured as a negative value.
- the momentum at which the substance is sprayed decreases and the spray electrode 1 sprays.
- the Taylor cone shape of the liquid is unstable.
- the current value in the guard electrode 4 is a positive value. This is because when the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is increased, negative charges generated by the reference electrode 2 are attracted toward the guard electrode 4.
- the current value in the guard electrode 4 may be set within the range of ⁇ 1.0 to 0.5 ⁇ A, thereby realizing a good spray state. can do.
- the electrostatic spraying device 100 is suitable for the second state.
- voltage control may be used to control the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 within a predetermined range.
- the electrostatic spray device 100 can maintain a suitable spray state in the second state.
- current control may be used to control the voltage applied between the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 within a predetermined range.
- the electrostatic spraying apparatus 100 can implement
- FIGS. 12 to 14 are merely examples, and the voltage value set between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 is not limited to the above embodiment. And regardless of the voltage value set between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2, by providing the guard electrode 4 having the above function, the electrostatic spraying device 100 can improve the stability of spraying. it can.
- the electrostatic spraying device 100 can maintain the preferred spray strength. This does not depend on the magnitude of the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.
- the electrostatic spraying device 100 has an effect that the stability of spraying can be improved by using the guard electrode 4. This effect can be said to be more effective from the viewpoint of spraying stability than to increase or decrease the voltage applied between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 without using a guard electrode.
- FIGS. 15 to 17 are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the power supply 21 may be implement
- FIG. 15 is a top view showing an example of a voltage adjustment method that can be used in the electrostatic spraying apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the electrostatic spraying device of FIG. 15 includes one power source 21.
- a spray electrode 1, a reference electrode 2, and a guard electrode 4 are connected to the power source 21.
- the voltage between the spray electrode 1 or the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is set between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 by one power source 21. Control is performed within a predetermined range smaller than the magnitude of the applied voltage.
- the voltage adjustment method of FIG. 15 uses only one power source, so that the manufacturing cost of the electrostatic spraying device can be suppressed and the circuit design and the like can be simplified.
- FIG. 16 is a top view showing an example of a voltage adjustment method that can be used in the electrostatic spraying apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the electrostatic spraying device of FIG. 16 includes a power source 21a and a power source 21b.
- the power source 21 a is connected to the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 through the negative electrode 8.
- the power supply 21 b is connected to two points on the guard electrode 4, and one of them is connected to the guard electrode 4 via the negative electrode 8.
- the electrostatic spraying device of FIG. 16 uses the power source 21a and the power source 21b to set the voltage between the spray electrode 1 or the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2. To a predetermined range smaller than the magnitude of the voltage applied to the.
- FIG. 17 is a top view showing an example of a voltage adjustment method that can be used in the electrostatic spraying apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the electrostatic spraying device of FIG. 17 includes a power source 21a and a power source 21b.
- the power source 21 a is connected to the reference electrode 2.
- the power source 21b is connected to the guard electrode 4, the spray electrode 1, and the ground.
- the spray electrode 1 is also connected to ground. Accordingly, in the electrostatic spraying apparatus of FIG. 17, the voltage between the spray electrode 1 or the reference electrode 2 and the guard electrode 4 is set between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 by the power supply 21 a and the power supply 21 b. Control is performed within a predetermined range smaller than the magnitude of the voltage applied between them.
- the electrostatic spraying device can adjust the voltage by various methods, the number of power supplies to be used and the connection method between the power supplies and each electrode can be appropriately changed. It is.
- guard electrode 4 an arrangement example of the guard electrode 4 in the electrostatic spraying device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the electrical connection between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 and the power source is not shown for simplification.
- the power supply 21 may be implement
- FIG. 18 is a top view showing an arrangement example of the guard electrode 4 in the electrostatic spraying apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the guard electrode 4 located between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 has a needle shape, and only the tip is exposed on the surface of the device, and the other part is included inside the device. Yes. Then, one end of the guard electrode 4 formed in a needle shape and the end on the side included in the device is connected to the negative electrode of the power source 21 to stabilize the voltage at the guard electrode 4.
- FIG. 19 is a top view showing an arrangement example of the guard electrode 4 in the electrostatic spraying apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the guard electrode 4 positioned between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 has a rectangular shape, and one surface thereof is exposed on the surface of the device. And the corner
- the guard electrode 4 is made of a conductive material, the location where the guard electrode 4 is connected to the power source 21 may be determined as appropriate.
- FIG. 20 is a top view showing an arrangement example of the guard electrode 4 in the electrostatic spraying apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the guard electrode 4 positioned between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 has a rectangular shape, and is entirely included in the device and is not exposed on the device surface.
- the guard electrode 4 formed in a rectangular shape is connected to the negative electrode of the power source 21.
- the guard electrode 4 is formed of a conductive material, the location where the guard electrode 4 is connected to the power source 21 may be appropriately determined.
- FIG. 21 is a front view showing an arrangement example of the guard electrode 4 in the electrostatic spraying apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the guard electrode 4 located between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 is rectangular, and one surface thereof is exposed on the surface of the device.
- the guard electrode 4 may be embedded in, for example, a groove formed on the device surface, or may be bonded to the device surface with an adhesive or the like.
- the guard electrode 4 formed in a rectangular shape is connected to the negative electrode of the power source 21.
- the guard electrode 4 is formed of a conductive material, the location where the guard electrode 4 is connected to the power source 21 may be appropriately determined.
- FIG. 22 is a front view showing an arrangement example of the guard electrode 4 in the electrostatic spraying apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the guard electrode 4 located between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 has a needle shape.
- the guard electrode 4 may be embedded in, for example, a groove formed on the device surface, or may be bonded to the device surface with an adhesive or the like.
- One end of the guard electrode 4 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power source 21.
- the guard electrode 4 has been described above with reference to FIGS.
- the arrangement examples described here are merely examples, and are not limited thereto. Therefore, for example, the guard electrode 4 may be formed in a spherical or polygonal shape instead of a needle shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the electrical connection method of the guard electrode 4 and the power supply 21 may be made by various methods.
- the electrostatic spraying apparatus has the above-described configuration, whereby the electric field formed at the tip of the first electrode can be further changed to an electric field suitable for substance spraying.
- the sex can be further enhanced.
- the electrostatic spraying device may be configured to include a current control unit that controls a current value in the third electrode within a predetermined range.
- the spray stability during the start-up period changes depending on the magnitude of the voltage applied between the first electrode or the second electrode and the third electrode.
- the range of the current value of the third electrode that brings about the spray stability during the start-up period is grasped in advance, and the range is set as a “desired range”. Then, by controlling the current value in the third electrode within the predetermined range by the current control means, the electrostatic spray device according to one aspect of the present invention can stabilize the spray throughout the operation period including the start-up period. Can increase the sex.
- the electrostatic spraying device may be configured such that when a voltage of 6 kV is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrostatic spraying device is provided between the second electrode and the third electrode.
- the voltage may be controlled to be 2 kv or more and 2.4 kv or less.
- the electrostatic spraying device is configured such that when a voltage of 5.5 kV is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode The voltage between them may be controlled to be 1.9 kv or more and 2.3 kv or less.
- the electrostatic spraying device is configured such that when a voltage of 5 kV is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrostatic spraying device is provided between the second electrode and the third electrode.
- the voltage may be controlled to be 1.8 kv or more and 2.2 kv or less.
- the electrostatic spraying device can improve the spray stability throughout the operation period including the start-up period.
- the electrostatic spraying device includes a power source that applies a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the third electrode is controlled to be zero current. It may be.
- the electrostatic spraying device does not need to energize the third electrode, and electrically connects the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode.
- the device can be operated in the connected state. Accordingly, the electrostatic spraying device according to one embodiment of the present invention does not need to be provided with a power source for energizing the third electrode, and thus can be manufactured at low cost and can simplify circuit design and the like. .
- the present invention can be used in an electrostatic spraying apparatus that sprays aromatic oil, chemicals for agricultural products, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, insecticides, air cleaning chemicals, and the like.
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- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
静電噴霧装置100は、芳香油、農産物用化学物質、医薬品、農薬、殺虫剤、空気清浄化薬剤等の噴霧等に用いられる装置であり、スプレー電極(第1電極)1と、基準電極(第2電極)2と、電源装置3と、ガード電極(第3電極)4と、を備える。
スプレー電極1、基準電極2、およびガード電極4を図3により説明する。図3は、スプレー電極1、基準電極2、ガード電極4を説明するための図である。
図4は、電源装置3の構成図の一例を示す。電源装置3は、電源21と、高電圧発生装置22と、スプレー電極1および基準電極2における出力電圧を監視する監視回路23と、基準電極2の電流値を所定の値(所定の範囲)に制御した状態で高電圧発生装置22の出力電圧が所望の値となるように高電圧発生装置22を制御する制御回路(電流制御手段、電圧制御手段)24とを備える。様々な用途に対応するために、制御回路24はマイクロプロセッサ241を備え、マイクロプロセッサ241は、他のフィードバック情報25に基づいて、出力電圧およびスプレー時間をさらに調整できるように設計されていてもよい。フィードバック情報25には、環境条件(気温、湿度、および/または、大気圧)、液体量、ユーザによる任意の設定などが含まれる。また、制御回路24は、スプレー電極1または基準電極2とガード電極との間の電圧の大きさを、スプレー電極1と基準電極2との間の電圧の大きさよりも小さい所定の範囲に制御することが可能である。
静電噴霧装置100では、運転が開始すると、スプレー電極1と基準電極2との間に電圧が印加され、スプレー電極1の先端部5に電場が形成される。電場が形成され、静電気力がある一定の強さを超えると、スプレー電極1の先端部5から液滴が噴霧される。良好な噴霧状態では、スプレー電極1の先端部5から噴霧される液体は円錐状であるテイラーコーンとなる。スプレー電極1の先端部5に形成される円錐形の液体は一般的にテイラーコーンと呼ばれ、スプレー電極1の先端部5側への液体の表面張力と電場による静電気力とが釣り合うことにより形成される。スプレー電極1から噴霧される液体がテイラーコーン状のときは、噴霧が安定していると言える。つまり、噴霧の安定性を実現するには、ある程度の電場強度が必要となる。
スタートアップ期間における噴霧の安定性を改善するために、静電噴霧装置100は、スプレー電極1を取り囲むように形成された開口11と基準電極2を取り囲むように形成された開口12との間、より好ましくは、スプレー電極1と基準電極2との間にガード電極4を備える。そして、静電噴霧装置100は、スプレー電極1または基準電極2と、ガード電極4との間に電圧を印加し、スプレー電極1の周辺に強度の強い電場を形成することにより噴霧の安定性を高める。その概念を図9等により説明する。
以下、3つの実施例を図1、図12~図14により説明する。
次に、本実施の形態に係る静電噴霧装置に用いうる電圧調整方法例を図15から図17により説明する。なお、図15から図17に示す電圧調整方法例は一例であって、これに限られるものではない。また、電源21は、静電噴霧装置内に含まれる構成で実現されてもよく、図15から図17の記載は一例を示すに過ぎない。
次に、本実施の形態に係る静電噴霧装置におけるガード電極4の配置例を図18から図22により説明する。なお、図18から図22では、簡略化のため、スプレー電極1および基準電極2と電源との電気的接続は記載していない。また、電源21は、静電噴霧装置内に含まれる構成で実現されてもよく、図18から図22の記載に限られるものではない。
また、本発明の一態様に係る静電噴霧装置は、上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間に上記第3電極を備える構成であってもよい。
2 基準電極(第2電極)
3 電源装置
4 ガード電極(第3電極)
5 先端部
6 スプレー電極取付部
7 基準電極取付部
8 負極
9 傾斜面
10 誘電体
11 開口(第1開口部)
12 開口(第2開口部)
21、21a、21b 電源
22 高電圧発生装置
23 監視回路
24 制御回路
25 フィードバック情報
100 静電噴霧装置
221 発振器
222 変圧器
223 コンバータ回路
231 電流フィードバック回路
232 電圧フィードバック回路
241 マイクロプロセッサ
Claims (8)
- 先端から物質を噴霧する第1電極と、
上記第1電極との間で電圧が印加される第2電極と、を備え、
上記第1電極および上記第2電極はそれぞれ、装置表面に形成された第1開口部および第2開口部の内部に配置されており、
さらに、上記第1開口部と上記第2開口部との間に、上記第1電極および上記第2電極とは異なる第3電極を備え、
上記第1電極または上記第2電極と、上記第3電極との間の電圧の大きさを、上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間の電圧の大きさよりも小さい所定の範囲に制御することを特徴とする静電噴霧装置。 - 上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間に上記第3電極を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の静電噴霧装置。
- 上記第3電極における電流値を所定の範囲内に制御する電流制御手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の静電噴霧装置。
- 上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間に6kVの電圧が印加されるとき、上記第2電極と上記第3電極との間の電圧は、2kv以上、かつ、2.4kv以下に制御されることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の静電噴霧装置。
- 上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間に5.5kVの電圧が印加されるとき、上記第2電極と上記第3電極との間の電圧は、1.9kv以上、かつ、2.3kv以下に制御されることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の静電噴霧装置。
- 上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間に5kVの電圧が印加されるとき、上記第2電極と上記第3電極との間の電圧は、1.8kv以上、かつ、2.2kv以下に制御されることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の静電噴霧装置。
- 上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間に電圧を印加する電源を備えるとともに、
上記第3電極は、零電流に制御されることを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の静電噴霧装置。 - 物質を噴霧する静電噴霧装置の制御方法であって、
上記静電噴霧装置は、先端から物質を噴霧する第1電極と、上記第1電極との間で電圧が印加される第2電極と、上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間に、上記第1電極および上記第2電極とは異なる第3電極と、を備えており、
上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間に第1電圧を印加する電圧印加工程と、
上記第1電極または上記第2電極と、上記第3電極との間の電圧の大きさを、上記第1電極と上記第2電極との間の電圧の大きさよりも小さい所定の範囲に制御する電圧制御工程と、を含むことを特徴とする静電噴霧装置の制御方法。
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AU2014232067A AU2014232067B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-02-12 | Electrostatic spraying device and method for controlling electrostatic spraying device |
US14/776,155 US9937508B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-02-12 | Electrostatic spraying device and method for controlling electrostatic spraying device |
CN201480013108.2A CN105188951B (zh) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-02-12 | 静电喷雾装置、及静电喷雾装置的控制方法 |
BR112015020786A BR112015020786A2 (pt) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-02-12 | dispositivo de pulverização eletrostática e método para controlar dispositivo de pulverização eletrostática |
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- 2013-03-15 JP JP2013054035A patent/JP5990118B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2014
- 2014-02-12 US US14/776,155 patent/US9937508B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-02-12 AU AU2014232067A patent/AU2014232067B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-02-12 CN CN201480013108.2A patent/CN105188951B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-02-12 WO PCT/JP2014/053204 patent/WO2014141798A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-02-12 BR BR112015020786A patent/BR112015020786A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-02-12 EP EP14762420.9A patent/EP2974795A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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2015
- 2015-09-30 ZA ZA2015/07247A patent/ZA201507247B/en unknown
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WO2018146940A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-08-16 | 住友化学株式会社 | 静電噴霧用の組成物および静電噴霧装置 |
US11351402B2 (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2022-06-07 | Kao Corporation | Method for producing coating film |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5990118B2 (ja) | 2016-09-07 |
AU2014232067B2 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
AU2014232067A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
US9937508B2 (en) | 2018-04-10 |
US20160030957A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
BR112015020786A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
EP2974795A4 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
CN105188951A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
CN105188951B (zh) | 2017-09-12 |
JP2014176834A (ja) | 2014-09-25 |
ZA201507247B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
EP2974795A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
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