WO2013181981A1 - 考虑周围物体时计算建构筑物雷击次数截收面积的方法 - Google Patents
考虑周围物体时计算建构筑物雷击次数截收面积的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013181981A1 WO2013181981A1 PCT/CN2013/075412 CN2013075412W WO2013181981A1 WO 2013181981 A1 WO2013181981 A1 WO 2013181981A1 CN 2013075412 W CN2013075412 W CN 2013075412W WO 2013181981 A1 WO2013181981 A1 WO 2013181981A1
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- Prior art keywords
- building
- area
- interception
- intercepting
- range
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
Definitions
- the present invention is a quantitative calculation of a building (including structures) in consideration of surrounding objects (which may be buildings, structures, or any other fixed location facility or device above the ground).
- surrounding objects which may be buildings, structures, or any other fixed location facility or device above the ground.
- the method of intercepting the area of lightning strikes for buildings is applicable to the lightning protection industry. It can be used for lightning protection risks of buildings in construction engineering design institutes, lightning protection centers of various national and municipal meteorological bureaus, lightning protection companies, lightning protection offices and other related units. Evaluation, design, acceptance and inspection of lightning protection devices. Background technique:
- Lightning is a common natural disaster that threatens the safety of buildings and people.
- GB50057-2010 Code for Lightning Protection of Buildings
- N k Ng Ae (Formula 1)
- N the estimated number of lightning strikes per year for the building (unit: times/year); k is the correction factor, generally 1 is taken, no numerical unit; Ng is the building
- the annual average density of lightning strikes in the area, in units of: per square kilometer per year, generally converted according to the number of local thunderstorm days (according to GB50057, the conversion formula is: Ng 0.1 X Td, where Td is the local average annual number of thunderstorm days) Or according to the local lightning location system detection data;
- Ae is the equivalent area of the range of lightning strikes (hereinafter referred to as the interception range) on the ground and the building interception (hereinafter referred to as the interception area), unit: square kilometers .
- GB50057 stipulates in "Appendix A Estimated Lightning Strikes of Building Years": The equivalent area of the same number of lightning strikes as the interception of buildings shall be the area where the actual flat area is enlarged outward. For buildings with rectangular structures, it is on the ground.
- the plan view of the upper intercepting range is shown in Fig. 1. It is a rectangle with rounded corners. The rounded rectangle has a length of L+2D, a width of W+2D, and a radius of four rounded corners.
- the intercepted area is calculated according to the following formula:
- Equation 2 L, W, D—the length, width, and width of the rectangular building, respectively (unit: m)
- D the extended width D of the building is the distance from the edge of the building to the edge of the side corresponding to its interception range, which varies with the height H of the building (unit: m); when the height H of the building is less than At 100 meters, D is obtained by the following formula:
- the intercepted area in GB21714 is represented by Ad.
- the rectangular block-shaped building calculates the intercepted area according to Formula 2, and the plan view of the intercepting range is as shown in Fig. 1.
- GB50057 also stipulates, "When the height of each part of the building is different, the maximum expanded width shall be calculated point by point along the perimeter of the building. The equivalent area shall be the area enclosed by the connecting line at the outer end of the maximum expanded width of each point.” Therefore, if the perimeter of the top surface of the building is connected to the perimeter of the intercepting range, the shape of the intercepting range in the three-dimensional space can be obtained, as shown in FIG. 2, which is the intercepting range of the rectangular building. Sectional view.
- GB50057 also specifies the calculation method for correcting the interception area of the building when there are other buildings around the building in the "Appendix A expected lightning strikes”.
- Article 3 stipulates: "When the height of the building is less than 100m and the surrounding area has other buildings higher than 2D, the calculated equivalent area may be subtracted from DX (these buildings and the considered building side) Long parallel to the sum of the lengths in meters) X 10_ 6 (km 2 )",
- Article 5 states: "When the height of the building is equal to or greater than 100m, and its surroundings are equal or lower than the other in the 2H range If the building is not within the protection range of the determined building with the radius of the ball equal to the height of the building (m), the equivalent area calculated can be subtracted from (H/2) X (the buildings and the identified buildings) Side Changping The sum of the length of the line in meters) X 10- 6 (km 2) ", and the like.
- GB50057 gives these calculation methods, its definition is not clear enough, and the regulations are not detailed enough. For example: It stipulates, "When these buildings are not within the protection scope of the building under consideration", how to judge one Is the building within the protection of another building? If the part of the building is within the protection of the building under consideration, how is it calculated? For another example, one of the calculation parameters frequently mentioned in GB50057 is "the length of these buildings parallel to the side length of the identified building", but if it is circular or not parallel to the building under consideration , how to calculate? GB50057 does not have a clear definition or provision for these situations.
- the calculation method given by GB50057 does not consider various complicated situations, such as: where the difference in height between the building and other buildings is only “equal or lower” and “higher than” The two options, no matter how high, are the same option 'higher than it', and the results obtained are the same; for the difference in distance between the building and other buildings, only “in the 2D range” Or “in the 2H range” two options, as long as it is within this range, no matter how far away, the calculation results are the same.
- Such highly similar calculations clearly do not reflect the vast differences in height and distance between different buildings.
- Gao Lei has studied and proposed a method for calculating the intercepted area of lightning strikes of buildings when considering surrounding objects scientifically and reasonably. From the quantitative point of view, the method is convenient to establish a mathematical model to calculate. According to the method of developing software, the user only needs to complete the measurement and modeling work of the building and its surrounding objects, and the rest of the calculation work can be automatically completed by the software. Convenient and accurate. Summary of the invention: Buildings rarely exist alone, and most buildings or structures exist more or less in the vicinity of most buildings. The scope of each interception overlaps with each other (by borrowing the concept of mathematics, the interception range is mutual There is an intersection between them.
- the building when calculating the intercepted area of a certain building (hereinafter referred to as the building), if the other buildings around it are not considered, the calculation result is unscientific. Then, when considering surrounding objects, how to calculate the interception area of the lightning strikes of this building?
- the intercepting range of the building is a range surrounded by the outermost connecting lines of the enlarged width of each point around the top surface of the building. Therefore, the surrounding object can be considered from the perspective of three-dimensional The impact of the interception area of the number of lightning strikes on the building.
- the top surface (the top surface may be a horizontal plane or a slope surface, a building may have multiple top surfaces) points on the peripheral edge line (referred to as this point, its height is set For ⁇ ) according to the respective expanded width depends on #, the specific definition may be different in different standards or specifications.) Projecting to the ground around it, you can get the respective circular projection areas of each point on the ground. . The adjacent points of this point may have overlapping projection areas (with intersections).
- the edges of the top surface can also be projected to the ground around them according to their respective expanded widths/?
- the essence is to integrate the projection areas of the points on the side lines to obtain the projection area of the edge line.
- the so-called integration means that if a point on the ground is located in the projection area of any of the points on the side line, the point is considered to be in the projection area of the edge line, thereby obtaining the projection area of the edge line (using mathematical Concept, the projected area of the edge can be understood as the union of the projected areas of each of the points. If the edge is horizontal, its projected area on the ground resembles a capsule, as shown in Figure 3.
- the entire top surface can be projected to its circumference according to its respective expanded width/?, the essence is that the projection area of each side line on the top surface and the vertical projection of the top surface itself on the ground are integrated.
- the specific shape of the projected area varies with the shape and height of the top surface.
- the separate projection area of each top surface of the building is integrated, and the entire projection area obtained is the interception range of the building on the ground, which is called the interception range of the building, and the area is the building.
- the intercepted area of the object is called the intercepted area of the building.
- the intercepting body In the three-dimensional space, the top surface of the building, the intercepting range of the building on the ground, and the line segment projected from the top facing the intercepting range are called the intercepting body. .
- the intercepting body of the building consists of the top surface (that is, the top surface of the building, which may be horizontal, or it may be inclined, or even vertical, such as the roof connecting the upper and lower roofs The outer wall), the bottom surface (the section of the building on the ground) and the side (the side is composed of the outermost projection lines, connecting the perimeter of the top surface and the perimeter of the bottom surface)
- the side is generally formed by a combination of a conical surface and a slope surface.
- the top surface of the space intercepting body is a circle
- the bottom surface is also a circle
- the side circumference is a 360-degree corner conical surface
- the entire shape is a flat-headed cone. As shown in Fig.
- the top surface of the space intercepting body is a rectangle, the bottom surface of which is a rounded rectangle as shown in Fig. 1, and the side surface is four slope faces (four slope faces)
- the upper side is the two long sides and the two short sides of the rectangle, and the four conical surfaces of the 90 degree angle (the vertices of the four conical surfaces correspond to the four vertices of the rectangle respectively).
- the whole form is similar to the abutment. .
- the principle of handling on the side is: The sides are always on the outermost side and the upper side.
- the meaning of this sentence is that if the sides and the top surface of the space intercepting body are interlaced, the sides on the outermost side and the upper side are the sides of the entire space intercepting body, and the sides on the inner side and the lower side are Encased inside the space interceptor, it no longer becomes a side. If a top surface of a building is a slope with a large angle of inclination, or if a top surface is at a lower position throughout the building (such as the roof of a high-rise building's podium), then all or part of the top surface It is also possible to be enclosed in the interior of the space interceptor and no longer be the top surface.
- each of the other buildings located around the building can be treated like this. Go to the respective space to intercept the body. For buildings that are far away, if the interception range on the ground does not overlap with the interception range of the building (no intersection), it has no effect on the intercepted area of the building and may be disregarded. Therefore, other buildings referred to here are only those buildings that have an impact on the interception area of the building. There may be more than one other building, distributed in all directions around the building.
- the individual space interceptors of each other building are integrated together, and the whole (which can be understood as the union of the spatial interceptors) is called another intercepting body.
- the collection range is called other interception range, and the interception area is called other interception area.
- the meaning of integration here is: If a point in space is located within the space interceptor of any other building, it is considered that the space point belongs to other interceptors, thus obtaining other intercepts. Since the number of other buildings may be more than one and may be located in all directions of the building, the shape of other interceptors may be more complicated, and may even be morphologically divided into different parts that are not connected to each other.
- the top surface, the bottom surface and the side surface, and the sides thereof are generally composed of a combination of a conical surface and a slope surface, and the side or the top surface may be interlaced.
- the outermost side and the upper side are the sides of the entire space intercepting body.
- Figure 5 is a plan view of the interception range of two adjacent buildings, where A is the building and B is the other building.
- the interception range of the two buildings overlaps.
- the area is the intersection of the interception scope of the building and other interception ranges. Therefore, the interception scope of this building can be divided into two parts, one part is unique to the building, and there is no overlap with the interception range of other buildings.
- the area of this part is recorded as SO; the other part and others
- the interception range of the building overlaps, called the overlapping interception range, and the area of this part is denoted as S. According to the knowledge of plane geometry and calculus, SO and 5 can be obtained by calculation.
- SO or S may be zero. For example, if the building is very small, the other buildings are very large, and the distance between the two is very close, then the interception range of the building is completely within the other interception range (for its subset), then SO is 0; If there is no other building around the building, then there is no intersection between the interception range and other interception ranges, then S is 0. Even in these cases, the calculation method of this patent can still be used.
- the overlapping interception range is shared by the building and other buildings. Therefore, if S is greater than 0, the area can be divided into two parts, some of which belong to the building, which is recorded as S1; the other part belongs to other buildings, remember For S2.
- Method 1 volumetric method
- the main intercepting body and the other intercepting body are respectively cut vertically upwards with the peripheral loop lines of the overlapping intercepting range. As shown in FIG. 6, the portions of the two intercepting bodies respectively located within the overlapping intercepting range can be obtained.
- the volume is referred to as the overlap volume VI and the other overlap volume V2, respectively.
- the volume of VI and V2 can be obtained by calculation based on the knowledge of solid geometry and calculus.
- Sl can be obtained according to VI, V2 and S. The specific formula is as follows:
- the volumetric method is scientific and reasonable, and it is our recommended method. However, this method has a small deficiency: Since the Sl is calculated quantitatively, the boundary between the interception range and other interception ranges cannot be clearly defined. Therefore, the following method can be used as a supplement. Method two, called the highly qualitative method.
- a dividing line can be drawn between them. It is called the boundary of the interception range.
- the two sides are called the building side and other sides.
- the building side is close to the building and the other side is close to other buildings, as shown in Figure 7.
- this boundary line will be an obvious separation zone, and the height of the interception body will be 0 at any point in the separation zone.
- the boundary of the interception range is defined as: At any point on the side of the dividing line, the height of the intercepting body at the point is not lower than the height of the other intercepting body at that point; On the other side, at any point, the height of the other intercepting body at this point is not lower than the height of the intercepting body of the building at this point; at any point on the dividing line, the intercepting body and other intercepting bodies The height at this point is the same.
- this dividing line may be a straight line, a curve or other form.
- the overlapping interception range is divided into two parts by this dividing line.
- the area on the side of the building is Sl, and the area on the other side is S2, as shown in Figure 7.
- the specific method is to divide the overlapping interception range into a grid according to a certain scale, and calculate the heights hi and h2 of the intercepting body and other intercepting bodies on each grid node respectively. According to the difference between hi and h2, they are processed as follows:
- the node position is located on the side of the dividing line of the dividing line, and the grid area is counted into S1;
- the node position is located on the other side of the dividing line, and the grid area is counted into S2;
- the point is the point on the boundary of the interception range, and the point is drawn; after each mesh node is processed in this way, the final accumulated values of S1 and S2 are finally obtained; , draw the points on the boundary line in turn, and finally form the boundary of the interception range.
- the calculation results using the high-qualification method are the same as the volumetric quantitative method, and the high-qualification method can clearly distinguish the boundary between the interception range and other interception ranges of the building, which is convenient for showing the concrete structure of the building to the user. Intercept range.
- the highly qualitative method has problems in some cases, such as: If the height difference between the two buildings is very close, the interception range of the short buildings is a subset of the interception range of the high buildings, as shown in Figure 8. As shown, the interception range boundary does not exist at this time, and the height qualitative method cannot be used; or, although the interception range boundary exists, the building side and the other side are on the same side of the boundary line, as shown in FIG. At this time, the calculation result is relatively large.
- Sl can be obtained by the above two methods (volume quantitative method or highly qualitative method). Finally, adding SO to Sl is the intercept area of the building's lightning flash when considering surrounding objects.
- Figure 1 The rectangle in the middle is the projection of a rectangular building on the ground.
- the length, width and height are respectively! ⁇ , W, H;
- the rounded rectangle outside the rectangle is a schematic plan view of the interception range of the rectangular building on the ground, the length is L+2D, the width is W+2D, and the radius of the four rounded corners is D; D Is the expanded width according to H; Note that the entire rounded rectangle interior, including the rectangular projection area of the building itself on the ground, belongs to the interception range.
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the intercepting range of the rectangular building.
- the length of the building is L and the height is H. It is projected from the edge of the roof top surface to the outer ground.
- the projected width is D, so the intercepting range is The length is L+2D;
- Figure 3 is a plan view of a projected area of a horizontal edge on the ground, the shape of which is a round-headed rectangle similar to a capsule;
- Figure 4 is a three-dimensional form of a space intercepting body of a cylindrical building, the inner cylinder is the building itself, and the outer flat cone is its space intercepting body;
- Figure 5 is a plan view showing the interception range of two adjacent buildings on the ground, where A is the building, B is the other building, and SO is the area of the interception range unique to the building.
- the shaded area in the figure is the overlapping interception range (intersection part) of the two buildings, the area of which is S; S is composed of S1 and S2, and S1 and S2 are overlapping and intercepted by the building and other buildings respectively.
- Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of S1 and S2 of two adjacent buildings calculated according to the volumetric quantitative method.
- the space intercepting bodies of the two buildings overlap, and the building is cut upwards by the peripheral loop lines of the overlapping intercepting range.
- VI and V2 can be obtained;
- S1 and S2 are calculated according to the ratio of VI and V2.
- Figure 7 is a plan view showing the calculation of S1 and S2 of two adjacent buildings according to a highly qualitative method, wherein A is the building and B is another building, and the overlapping intercepting range is divided into two parts by the dividing line.
- the area is divided into S1 and S2 respectively; the entire interception range is divided into the side of the building and the other side by the dividing line.
- the intercepting body of the building is not lower than the other intercepting bodies at any point; on the other side, At any point, the other intercepting body is not lower than the intercepting body of the building; on the dividing line, the intercepting body and other intercepting bodies are equal; the dividing line may be a straight line or a curved line.
- Figure 8 is a situation that cannot be calculated by the highly qualitative method.
- the A building is higher, the B building is shorter, and the distance between the two is relatively close.
- the intercepting range of the B building is completely within the interception range of the A building. Subset), there is no boundary of the interception range at this time, and it is impossible to calculate the intercepted area by the highly qualitative method.
- Figure 9 is a case where the calculation error of the high-precision method is large. Although there is a boundary of the interception range, the side of the building and the other side are on the same side of the boundary line. At this time, the calculation result of the high-qualification method has a large error.
- Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the operation of a grid node.
- the building is located on the left side of the screen, other buildings are on the right side of the screen, and M and h2 are the interceptors and other interceptors respectively.
- the intensity at the grid node is allocated according to the ratio of hi and h2 to the area of the grid where the point is located.
- Step 1 For the building and Other buildings around it are measured to obtain information about their orientation, shape, size, height, etc., and are entered into the computer in a way that is modeled in the program; if it is not clear which buildings belong to other buildings, then as many surrounding areas as possible Building input, the wider the area, the better;
- Step 2 The entire area including the interception range of all buildings is divided into one according to a certain scale by a computer program.
- Grids calculate the height of the interceptor and other interceptors on each grid node, and store them in a multidimensional array;
- the array has at least three dimensions, two of which are used to represent the plane Coordinates, there is also a dimension indicating the height of the space interceptor at the coordinate points; the finer the mesh is, the more the number of meshes, the larger the size of the array, the more accurate the calculation results, the calculation needs The longer the time is;
- Step 3 The computer program scans each grid node in the entire area to obtain the heights hi and h2 of the intercepting body and other intercepting bodies respectively at the point position, such as Figure 10 shows: According to whether the height of hi is 0, it is divided into the following two cases:
- Step 4 The area of each grid in the entire area is processed in this way, and the resulting accumulated value is obtained. , that is, the interception area of the lightning strikes of the building when considering the surrounding objects.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/405,058 US20150177414A1 (en) | 2011-12-26 | 2013-05-09 | Method for calculating lightning stroke frequency interception area of structure and building under consideration of surrounding objects |
EP13800212.6A EP2857997A4 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2013-05-09 | METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE FREQUENCY INTERCEPTION AREA ASSOCIATED WITH LIGHTNING OF A BUILDING AND A BUILDING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS |
BR112014030140A BR112014030140A2 (pt) | 2012-06-04 | 2013-05-09 | método para o cálculo quantitativo da área de interceptação da frequência de relâmpagos de um edifício (ou uma estrutura); e método para o cálculo de cada ia de vários edifícios dentro de uma determinada região |
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CN201210182588.8A CN102799706B (zh) | 2011-12-26 | 2012-06-04 | 考虑周围物体时计算建构筑物雷击次数截收面积的方法 |
CN201210182588.8 | 2012-06-04 |
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EP (1) | EP2857997A4 (zh) |
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CN112070826A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-11 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | 一种建筑物防雷等效面积的计算方法 |
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CN105938505B (zh) * | 2016-04-12 | 2019-11-19 | 广州京维智能科技有限公司 | 一种供水管网压力检测点的布置方法 |
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2013
- 2013-05-09 EP EP13800212.6A patent/EP2857997A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-05-09 WO PCT/CN2013/075412 patent/WO2013181981A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2013-05-09 BR BR112014030140A patent/BR112014030140A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN1936880A (zh) * | 2006-10-17 | 2007-03-28 | 国网武汉高压研究院 | 采用网格法确定雷电参数的统计方法 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112070826A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-11 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | 一种建筑物防雷等效面积的计算方法 |
CN112070826B (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-11-07 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | 一种建筑物防雷等效面积的计算方法 |
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EP2857997A4 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
EP2857997A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
BR112014030140A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
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