WO2010004982A1 - 脂質異常症の改善または治療薬 - Google Patents
脂質異常症の改善または治療薬 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010004982A1 WO2010004982A1 PCT/JP2009/062352 JP2009062352W WO2010004982A1 WO 2010004982 A1 WO2010004982 A1 WO 2010004982A1 JP 2009062352 W JP2009062352 W JP 2009062352W WO 2010004982 A1 WO2010004982 A1 WO 2010004982A1
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- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
- A61K31/202—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids having three or more double bonds, e.g. linolenic
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- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
- A61K31/232—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms having three or more double bonds, e.g. etretinate
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/455—Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an agent for improving or treating dyslipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high / low density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, high non-high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia and low / high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia And how to use it.
- Metabolic syndrome which is observed as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, etc., has increased dramatically due to changes in Japanese lifestyle such as dietary changes and lack of exercise.
- Metabolic syndrome induces vascular complications such as peripheral blood flow disorders, ischemic heart disease and cerebral infarction, and significantly impairs life-long quality of life.
- Peripheral blood circulation disorders are caused by arteriosclerosis or inflammation due to some cause such as obstructive arteriosclerosis (hereinafter referred to as ASO), Buerger's disease, Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's syndrome, or This is a disorder that occurs because the blood flow to the peripheral skin and muscles decreases due to strong contraction.
- ASO obstructive arteriosclerosis
- ASO is a disease in which the arteries are stenotic or occluded due to arteriosclerosis and presents as ischemic symptoms, such as intermittent claudication, walking pain, joint pain, muscle fatigue, eye strain, numbness, coldness and cyanosis.
- ischemic symptoms such as intermittent claudication, walking pain, joint pain, muscle fatigue, eye strain, numbness, coldness and cyanosis.
- Accompanying may be muscle atrophy, ischemic ulcer and necrosis.
- Mild cases are treated with vasodilators, anticoagulants, platelet aggregation inhibitors, etc., but severe cases require revascularization such as bypass formation, and terminal necrosis and resting pain are strongly therapeutic effects. If the above cannot be obtained, the limb amputation is performed (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- statins HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that lower Cho
- resins anion exchange resins
- LDL catabolism adsorb bile acids
- statins anion exchange resins
- EPA icosapentate
- the nicotinic acid derivative suppresses lipolysis in the peripheral adipose tissue by suppressing the activation of hormone-sensitive lipase, thereby reducing the influx of free fatty acids into the liver, thereby suppressing lipoprotein synthesis in the liver.
- major side effects include itching and facial flushing due to peripheral vasodilation, which may worsen insulin resistance, and should be administered with caution in diabetic patients (non- Patent Document 2).
- Tocopherol nicotinic acid ester is a nicotinic acid derivative in which nicotinic acid and tocopherol (vitamin E) are combined, and while showing the respective physiological actions of both, more stable and continuous lipid metabolism improvement when combined with each other, It has been clarified to have pharmacological actions such as microcirculatory system activation, blood vessel strengthening, platelet aggregation suppression, and blood oxygen partial pressure increase (see Non-Patent Document 3). Tocopherol nicotinic acid ester is marketed in Japan as a therapeutic agent for concomitant symptoms associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral circulatory disturbance associated with ASO (Yubella N®, Eisai).
- EPA-E An ethyl ester of EPA (hereinafter referred to as EPA-E) is marketed in Japan as an ulcer, pain and cold sensation associated with ASO, and as a therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia (trade name Epadale, Mochida Pharmaceutical). .
- EPA-E has been reported to be effective against dyslipidemia, such as an action that lowers TG and an action that raises HDLCho.
- EPA-E is incorporated into platelet membrane phospholipids, increasing the EPA content of membrane components and competitively inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism in the platelet membrane, thereby suppressing thromboxane A2 production and inhibiting platelet aggregation. Shows the effect.
- this drug is also taken into the blood vessel wall and suppresses the progression of arteriosclerotic lesions, such as by maintaining the elasticity of the arteries. It is clear that blood platelets are improved by these platelet aggregation inhibitory effects, arterial elasticity retention effects, etc., and this agent is taken into arteriosclerotic plaques and affects the number and function of macrophages to stabilize plaques. (See Non-Patent Document 4).
- each lipid level does not reach the control target value with a single dyslipidemic agent, consider increasing the dose of a single agent or combination therapy.
- the LDCho value cannot reach less than 100 mg / dL with a single agent, and in such cases, it is necessary to consider effective combination therapy of various drugs.
- combination therapy a method is selected that makes use of the characteristics of each drug and has been confirmed to be safe.
- statins and resins include: (1) statins and resins, (2) statins and fibrates, (3) statins and probucols, (4) statins and nicotinic acid derivatives, (5) probucols And nicotinic acid derivatives, (6) statins, probucols and resins.
- statin and nicotinic acid derivative (4) shows an increase effect of HDLCho value in addition to a decrease in Cho. What should be most noticed in combination therapy is the appearance of side effects such as the rare occurrence of rhabdomyolysis with the combination of statin and fibrate (2) (see Non-patent Document 2).
- Simvastatin, EPA-E and tocopherol nicotinate are administered to patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty, but there is no effect on total serum Cho after 3 months, but the minimum vessel diameter is significantly large and the restenosis rate is significantly Being low (see Non-Patent Document 6), bezafibrate, tocopherol nicotinic acid ester and EPA-E were administered to a patient hospitalized with acute pancreatitis due to hyperlipoproteinemia, and blood TG decreased (Non-Patent Document 6) 7) has been reported.
- Nanzan-do "Medical University Dictionary” 19th edition, Nanzan-do, March 2006: 2265 Japanese Arteriosclerosis Society edited “Arteriosclerotic disease prevention guidelines 2007 edition” Kyowa plan, April 25, 2007 Yuvera N pharmaceutical interview form, Eisai, February 2008 Epadale S Pharmaceutical Interview Form, Mochida Pharmaceutical, March 2007 Angiology Frontier, 2007, 6: 171-175 Japanese Circulation Journal, 2000, 64, Suppl. : 309, title 0496 Abstract of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency Medicine, 2004, 532, Presentation 233
- the present invention relates to the improvement or treatment of dyslipidemia, in particular hypercholesterolemia, hyperTGemia, hyperLDLChoemia, hypernon-HDLChoemia and hypoHDLChoemia, and progression to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events
- An object of the present invention is to provide a drug for improving or treating dyslipidemia and a method for using the same, which is highly safe, effective and easy to use.
- the present invention is highly safe for improving or treating peripheral blood circulation disorders associated with dyslipidemia, particularly ASO, Buerger's disease, Raynaud's disease and Raynaud's syndrome, and suppressing progression to peripheral limb ulcers and gangrene.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an agent for improving or treating peripheral blood circulation disorder, which is excellent in effectiveness and easy to use, and a method for using the same.
- the present inventor has found that at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and nicotinic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.
- the present invention was completed by finding out the safety and exceptional effects that were not seen at the time of each single administration. That is, the dyslipidemic amelioration or therapeutic agent provided in the present invention or the peripheral vascular disorder associated with dyslipidemia is improved or treated from the group consisting of EPA, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof as an active ingredient. It includes a combination drug and a combination composition in which at least one selected from nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof is used in combination.
- Dyslipidemia is high Cho, high TG, high LDL Cho, high very low density lipoprotein (hereinafter referred to as VLDL) Cho, high non-HDLC ho, high intermediate density lipoprotein ( (Hereinafter referred to as IDL) Choemia, hyperfree fatty acidemia, hyperphospholipidemia, hyperchylomicronemia, hyperapoBemia, hyperlipoprotein (a) (hereinafter referred to as Lp (a)) blood Symptom, high remnant-like lipoprotein (hereinafter referred to as RLP) Choemia, high density and high density (hereinafter referred to as sd) LDLChoemia, low HDLChoemia, low ultrahigh density lipoprotein (hereinafter referred to as VHDL) )
- the ameliorating or treating agent according to (1) above which is at least one selected from the group consisting of peripheral blood circulation disorders associated with Choemia and dyslipidemia.
- the ameliorating or therapeutic agent according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the EPA, its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and ester are
- Nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, tocopherol nicotinate, niceritrol, nicomol, and inositol hexanicotinate.
- the improvement or therapeutic agent according to any one of (1) to (7) above which contains as an active ingredient at least one compound selected from the group consisting of EPA, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
- nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof By administering nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof to a patient to which at least one compound selected from the group consisting of EPA, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and an ester thereof is administered, EPA , At least one selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof in combination of (1) to (8) and (10) above The improvement or therapeutic agent in any one.
- the kit (1) which is a kit comprising separate preparations of EPA, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. Thru
- At least one compound selected from the group consisting of antihyperlipidemic agents, antioxidants, blood flow improving agents, bile acid derivatives, foods for specified health use and nutritional functional foods Or the therapeutic or remedy according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein
- polyemphosphatidylcholine soybean oil unsaponifiable matter (soysterol), gamma oryzanol, riboflavin butyrate, sodium dextran sulfate sulfur 18, pantethine, elastase, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin , Pitavastatin, rosuvastatin, cerivastatin, simfibrate, clofibrate, clinofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate, orlistat, cetiristat, cholestyramine, colestimide, ezetimibe, vitamin C, vitamin E, N acetylcysteine, probucol, cilostazol, ticlopidine hydrochloride Alprostadil, limaprost, bee, isoxsuprine hydrochloride, batroxobin, dihydroergot
- the active ingredient is polyemphosphatidylcholine, soybean oil unsaponifiable matter (soysterol), gamma oryzanol, riboflavin butyrate, sodium dextran sulfate sulfur 18, pantethine, elastase, ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, bile powder
- the improvement or therapeutic agent according to (15) which is at least one selected from the group consisting of: dehydrocholic acid, biotin, cyanocobalamin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, thiamine, vitamin K, and tyrosine.
- lecithin of (a) is at least one selected from the group consisting of soybean lecithin, enzyme-degraded soybean lecithin, hydrogenated soybean lecithin and egg yolk lecithin.
- the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol of the above (a) is polyoxyethylene (3) polyoxypropylene (17) glycol, polyoxyethylene (20) polyoxypropylene (20) glycol, polyoxyethylene (42 ) Polyoxypropylene (67) glycol, polyoxyethylene (54) polyoxypropylene (39) glycol, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene (120) polyoxypropylene (40) glycol , Polyoxyethylene (160) polyoxypropylene (30) glycol, polyoxyethylene (196).
- the polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil of (b) is polyoxyethylene (20) hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene (40) hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene (50) hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene ( 60)
- the improvement or therapeutic agent according to (18) above which is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated castor oil and polyoxyethylene (100) hydrogenated castor oil.
- the improvement or therapeutic agent according to the above (18) or (22), wherein the polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil of (b) is polyoxyethylene (60) hydrogenated castor oil.
- the sucrose fatty acid ester of (c) is at least one selected from the group consisting of sucrose laurate, sucrose myristic ester, sucrose palmitate, sucrose oleate and sucrose stearate.
- HLB hydrophilic / lipophilic balance
- Lipid abnormalities comprising the steps of administering at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and administering nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
- a method for ameliorating or treating symptoms (36) The method according to (35) above, wherein the two administration steps are simultaneously performed. (37) The method according to (35) above, wherein the two administration steps are performed at different times.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of total serum Cho, TG, LDLCho, HDLCho, VLDLCho, non-HDLCho, IDLCho, VHDLCho, free fatty acid, phospholipid, chylomicron, ApoB, Lp (a), RLPCho and sdLDLCho The method according to (35) above, wherein the administration is continued until the value is measured or calculated and the value falls within the normal range.
- Nicotinic acid comprising a step of administering at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and ester thereof, and a step of administering nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
- a method for reducing side effects caused by the pharmaceutically acceptable derivative (40) The method according to (39) above, wherein the two administration steps are carried out simultaneously. (41) The method according to (39) above, wherein the two administration steps are carried out at different times. (42) When these side effects occur when facial flushing is observed, serum creatine phosphokinase (hereinafter referred to as CPK), or insulin resistance is measured, these side effects disappear or the measured values fall within the normal range.
- CPK serum creatine phosphokinase
- EPA By using EPA, at least one selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof in combination, improvement of dyslipidemia that is safe and highly effective or Therapeutic agents and methods of use thereof can be provided. Specifically, it is expected to show a synergistic dyslipidemia improvement or therapeutic effect as compared to the case where each is used alone.
- improvement of plasma lipid markers such as total blood Cho, TG, LDLHo, non-HDLCho and HDLCho, or peripheral limb peripheral skin temperature increase caused by peripheral blood circulation disorders, walking distance extension and joint pain, muscle fatigue, eye strain, It is expected to show a synergistic dyslipidemia improvement or therapeutic effect in improving various symptoms such as numbness, coldness, pain and itching.
- improvement or therapeutic effect including Lp (a) reduction.
- Nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof has a high incidence of pruritus, facial flushing and hot feeling, which are the main side effects, and is a factor that reduces compliance, and worsening insulin resistance, Deterioration of liver damage, worsening of peptic ulcer and increase of intraocular pressure have been reported. Careful administration for patients with hepatic dysfunction, peptic ulcer, glaucoma, diabetes, etc. In addition, combined with statins, increased serum CPK, muscle There are reports that pain and rhabdomyolysis are likely to appear.
- the dose of each drug, particularly nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, can be reduced, and the compliance with medication is improved by reducing side effects such as pruritus, hot flush and heat. be able to.
- side effects such as elevated serum CPK, muscle pain and rhabdomyolysis can be alleviated particularly in patients with the above history and patients taking statins. Treatment can be continued in patients who have not been able to administer the top acceptable derivatives or who have had to be interrupted.
- the burden of patient medication can be reduced by using a combination drug or kit, and the improvement or therapeutic effect can be further enhanced by further improving drug compliance.
- the absorbability is improved by using an emulsion
- patients whose absorptivity in the intestinal tract has decreased the elderly
- the effect of the present invention can also be exhibited when administered to patients with enteric diseases, after intestinal surgery, end-stage cancer patients, when taking lipase inhibitors, or when the dose is reduced.
- a combination of EPA, at least one selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof provides a safe and highly effective blood lipid (total Cho, TG, LDLCho, VLDLCho, non-HDLCho, IDLCho, free fatty acids, phospholipids, chylomicron, ApoB and Lp (a), RLPCho, sdLDLCho) higher human, HDLCho and VHDLCho lower human or peripheral blood circulation
- Metabolic syndrome or its reserve humans can be prevented from progressing to further cardiac and cerebrovascular events, peripheral limb ulcers, gangrene, etc., and quality of life can be maintained.
- the present invention relates to dyslipidemia, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and ester thereof, and nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof as an active ingredient. Improving or treating drugs and methods of use thereof.
- the improvement or therapeutic agent of the present invention comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of EPA, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and ester thereof, and nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, as an active ingredient.
- lipidemia is a pathological condition in which at least one lipid component in blood deviates from the normal range.
- lipid components in blood include total Cho, TG, LDLCho, HDLCho, VLDLCho, non-HDLCho, IDLCho, VHDLCho, free fatty acid, phospholipid, chylomicron, ApoB, Lp (a), RLPCho, sdLDLCho .
- total Cho, TG, LDLCho, non-HDLCho, and HDLCho are exemplified as clinically important lipid components, and TG is a preferred example.
- peripheral blood circulation disorders associated with dyslipidemia are also included in “dyslipidemia” used in the present invention.
- the term “dyslipidemia” in the present invention is used in the meaning including all of the above-mentioned lipid component abnormalities in blood and peripheral blood circulation disorders associated with dyslipidemia.
- peripheral circulation disorder is a pathological condition in which peripheral blood flow disorder has occurred for some reason.
- causes include, for example, ASO, Buerger's disease, Raynaud's disease, Raynaud's disease syndrome, intermittent claudication, limb arterial embolism, venous thrombosis, limb chilling, thrombophlebitis, vibration disease, Takayasu disease, diabetic Examples include retinopathy, forty shoulders / fifty shoulders, cooling disease (bad physical condition such as cooling and hot flashes), hair loss, frostbite and frostbite, and symptoms include intermittent claudication, walking pain, joint pain, muscle fatigue Fatigue, numbness, coldness, pain, resting pain, cyanosis, redness, frostiness, stiff shoulders, anemia, poor blood color, pruritus, and ant running sensation, leading to limb atrophy, ischemic ulcer and necrosis Progress.
- the term “peripheral blood circulation disorder” is a pathological condition in which peripheral blood
- EPA has 20 carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule with 20 carbon atoms and a total cis 5 of ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid having the first double bond at the third position from the methyl group side. , 8, 11, 14, 17 icosapentaenoic acid (all cis-5,8,11,14,17-Icosapentaenoic acid).
- EPA in the present invention is used to mean not only EPA but also pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or EPA derivatives such as esters, amides, phospholipids, and glycerides.
- EPA used in the present invention may be a synthetic product, a semi-synthetic product, or a natural product, or may be in the form of a natural oil containing these.
- a natural product means what was extracted from the natural oil containing EPA by a well-known method, what was roughly refined
- Semi-synthetic products include polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by microorganisms and the like, and those obtained by subjecting the polyunsaturated fatty acids or natural polyunsaturated fatty acids to chemical treatments such as esterification and transesterification It is. In the present invention, as EPA, one of these can be used alone, or two or more can be used in combination.
- EPA specifically, EPA, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, inorganic bases such as sodium salt and potassium salt, organic bases such as benzylamine salt and diethylamine salt, arginine salt, lysine salt and the like
- inorganic bases such as sodium salt and potassium salt
- organic bases such as benzylamine salt and diethylamine salt
- arginine salt lysine salt and the like
- the salt and ester with basic amino acid include alkyl esters such as ethyl ester and esters such as mono-, di- and TG. Preferred is ethyl ester, ie EPA-E.
- the purity of EPA is not particularly limited, but usually, the content of EPA in the total fatty acids of the composition of the present agent is preferably 25% by mass or more, more preferably 45% by mass or more, further preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably Is 85% by mass or more, particularly preferably 96.5% by mass or more.
- the present composition may contain ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids other than EPA such as docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof.
- E and DHA-E is a preferred example.
- the composition ratio of EPA-E / DHA-E and the content ratio of EPA-E + DHA-E in the total fatty acids is preferably 0.8 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 1.2 or more.
- EPA-E + DHA-E has a high purity, for example, the content ratio of EPA-E + DHA-E in all fatty acids and derivatives thereof is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 55% by mass or more, and more preferably 84% by mass. The above are more preferable, and those of 96.5% by mass or more are more preferable. That is, the composition of the present agent preferably has a high purity of ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in all fatty acids, more preferably has a high EPA + DHA purity which is a ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and a high purity of EPA. preferable.
- the content of fatty acids other than ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is small, and even long-chain unsaturated fatty acids are desired to have a low content of ⁇ 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid, preferably less than 2% by mass, preferably 1% by mass.
- arachidonic acid preferably less than 2% by mass, preferably 1% by mass.
- the aspect which is less than this is still more preferable, and the aspect which does not contain arachidonic acid substantially is especially preferable.
- EPA-E used in the improvement or therapeutic agent of the present invention has less undesirable impurities for cardiovascular events such as saturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid compared to fish oil or fish oil concentrate, and is over-nutrition and vitamin A overdose. It is possible to exert the effect without any problem.
- it since it is an ester, it has a higher oxidation stability than fish oil, which is mainly a TG, and a sufficiently stable composition can be obtained by adding a normal antioxidant.
- This EPA-E uses a high-purity EPA-E (96.5% by mass or more) -containing soft capsule (trade name Epadale, manufactured by Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) available as a therapeutic agent for ASO and hyperlipidemia in Japan. be able to.
- EPA-E and DHA-E are, for example, Lovaza (Lovaza®: GlaxoSmithKline: EPA-E of about 46.5 mass) marketed as a therapeutic agent for hyperTGemia in the United States.
- a soft capsule containing about 37.5% by mass of DHA-E) can also be used.
- Refined fish oil can also be used as EPA.
- EPA monoglyceride, diglyceride, TG derivative, or a combination thereof is also one of preferred embodiments.
- Incromega F2250, F2628, E2251, F2573, TG2162, TG2779, TG2928, TG3525 and E5015 (Croda International PLC, Yale, England)
- EPAX6000FA EPAX5000TG
- EPAX4510TG, EPA4510TG, EPA4510TG, EPA4510TG, EPA4510TG, EPA4510TG, K85EE and K80EE Pronova Biopharma, Lysaker, Norway
- other products containing various EPAs, salts and esters thereof are commercially available and can be obtained and used.
- nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof is exemplified by nicotinic acid, niceritrol, nicomol, tocopherol nicotinate, nicotinamide, and inositol hexanicotinate.
- nicotinic acid or tocopherol nicotinate is exemplified, and more preferably, tocopherol nicotinate is exemplified.
- the term “nicotinic acid derivative” is used in the meaning including all of the above-mentioned nicotinic acid and its derivatives unless otherwise specified.
- Nicotinic acid is Nyclin (registered trademark) (Toei Eiyo), Niceritrol is Perisit (registered trademark) (Sanwa Chemical), Nicomol is colexamine (registered trademark) (Kyorin Pharmaceutical), Tocopherol nicotinic acid ester is Ubera (registered trademark) N (Eisai), nicotinamide is commercially available in Japan under the trade name of nicotinamide sansone (Torii Pharmaceutical), and inositol hexanicotinic acid ester is Nicoxatin (registered trademark) (Fuso Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). Can also be used.
- a sustained release agent of nicotinic acid Niaspan, KosKo Pharmaceuticals
- Advicor registered trademark
- lovastatin which is a hyperlipidemic agent
- Simcor registered trademark
- a preferred embodiment is a combination of EPA-E and nicotinic acid or tocopherol nicotinate, and a particularly preferred embodiment is EPA-E and tocopherol nicotinate. In combination.
- the term “combination” of active ingredients refers to the use of active ingredients in combination, administration as a combination containing both EPA and nicotinic acid derivatives, and separate EPA and nicotinic acid derivatives. It is administered separately as a preparation at the same time or with a time difference.
- administered separately as a separate preparation at the same time or with a time difference (1) an aspect in which a composition containing a nicotinic acid derivative as an active ingredient is administered to a patient who is administered EPA; And (2) the aspect which administers the composition which contains EPA as an active ingredient to the patient who receives a nicotinic acid derivative is included.
- the term “combination” is not necessarily limited to the case where it is simultaneously present in the patient's body, for example, blood, but in the present invention, “combination” refers to the action / effect of either one of the drugs expressed in the patient's body.
- the other drug is administered. It is a use mode in which the improvement or therapeutic effect of dyslipidemia can be obtained using the improvement or therapeutic agent of the present invention.
- a usage mode that coexists in the patient's body, for example, in the blood is desirable, and a usage mode in which the other drug is administered to the patient within 24 hours after the administration of one drug is preferable. .
- the form of combined use in the improvement or therapeutic agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and it only needs to be combined with active ingredients, and includes a combination drug and a combination composition used in combination.
- drug forms include (1) administration of a single preparation obtained by simultaneously formulating active ingredients, and (2) a combination of two kinds of preparations obtained by separately formulating active ingredients. Or prepared separately without being combined, and used for simultaneous administration by the same administration route. (3) Two types of preparations obtained by separately formulating active ingredients are combined into a kit, or prepared separately without combination, and administered by the same administration route with a time difference. (4) Two types of preparations obtained by separately formulating active ingredients are combined into a kit or prepared separately without being combined, and administered simultaneously by different administration routes (administered from different sites of the same patient). (5) Two types of preparations obtained by separately formulating active ingredients are combined into a kit, or prepared separately without combination, with different time routes for different administration routes (administered from different sites of the same patient) Administer.
- both drugs may be mixed immediately before the administration, may be administered separately, or can be used by shifting the administration time systematically for various purposes.
- one drug, particularly nicotinic acid derivative may be administered once a day, and the other drug, particularly EPA, may be administered a plurality of times, for example, 2 to 3 times a day. Good.
- both drugs are administered once a day, or if they are administered simultaneously or once a day as a combination, the burden on the patient's medication will be reduced, compliance will be improved, and improvement / treatment effects and side effects will be reduced. Is expected and preferred. Further, for example, there is a method in which both drugs are administered and dosing of one drug is stopped at the time when the effect starts to appear or when the effect is fully manifested. When the administration of the drug is stopped, the dose of the drug may be decreased in stages. In addition, for example, there is a method of administering the other drug during a drug withdrawal period of one drug.
- the use mode of the dyslipidemia improvement or treatment drug of the present invention is not limited as long as it is used in a mode in which at least one EPA and a nicotinic acid derivative are used as active ingredients in combination with each other.
- a substance characterized by using only EPA and a nicotinic acid derivative that is, a dyslipidemia improvement or treatment drug comprising a combination of EPA and a nicotinic acid derivative, and further combining other active ingredients
- dyslipidemic amelioration or treatments used.
- a mode in which the therapeutic effect obtained by combining the EPA and the nicotinic acid derivative can obtain a larger effect than the sum of the therapeutic effects obtained by individually using the EPA and the nicotinic acid derivative at the same dose as the combined use is preferable.
- Therapeutic effects here are particularly limited as long as they are biochemical markers related to dyslipidemia, improvement of pathological conditions or therapeutic effects, or inhibition of progression to metabolic syndrome, cardiac / cerebrovascular events, peripheral limb ulcers, gangrene, etc.
- lipid markers in plasma total Cho, TG, LDLCho, HDLCho, VLDLCho, non-HDLCho, IDLCho, VHDLCho, free fatty acid, phospholipid, chylomicron, ApoB, Lp (a), RLPCho, sdLDLCho, etc.
- Test values such as peripheral skin temperature rise, extended walking distance, serum CPK elevation, or joint pain, muscle fatigue, eye fatigue, numbness, coldness, pain, resting pain , Itch, cyanosis, redness, frostiness, stiff shoulders, anemia, discoloration Improvement of symptoms such as itching and formication feeling is exemplified.
- the improvement or therapeutic effect may be monitored by biochemical / pathological or pathological parameters related to other dyslipidemia or peripheral blood circulation disorder.
- the dosage and administration period of EPA and nicotinic acid derivatives used in the improvement or therapeutic agent of the present invention are an amount and a period sufficient to exert the intended effect, but the dosage form, administration method, The dosage may be adjusted according to the number of administrations, degree of symptoms, weight, age, etc.
- EPA-E is 0.1 to 5 g / day, preferably 0.2 to 3 g / day, more preferably 0.4 to 1.8 g / day, and further preferably 0.6 to 0. .9 g / day is administered in 1 to 3 divided doses, but the total amount may be divided into 1 or several doses as needed. It is also possible to reduce the dose according to the dose of the nicotinic acid derivative. Since the absorption of EPA-E is affected by meals, the administration time is preferably during or after meals, more preferably immediately after meals (within 30 minutes).
- bile acid derivatives such as ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, bile powder, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, bile extract, bear bile, cow yellow and dehydrocholic acid It is also preferable to do.
- Absorption rate improves when emulsified or combined with a bile acid derivative.
- the effects of the present invention can also be exerted when administered to an elderly person, bowel disease patient, post-intestinal surgery, end-stage cancer patient, or when taking a lipase inhibitor, or when the dose is reduced.
- the administration period is appropriately determined depending on the degree of symptoms and the degree of improvement, and is not limited, but for example, 1 year or more, preferably 2 years or more, more preferably 3.5 years or more.
- onset of dyslipidemia and peripheral blood circulation associated therewith is desirable to continue administration for as long as the risk of recurrence remains high.
- administration every other day administration for 2-3 days per week, and in some cases, a drug holiday of about 1 day to 3 months, preferably about 1 week to 1 month, can be provided.
- the dosage of the nicotinic acid derivative used in the improvement or therapeutic agent of the present invention is preferably used within the range of dosage and administration of the drug alone, but its type, dosage form, administration method, and daily dose
- the frequency of administration can be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the degree of symptoms, body weight, sex, age and the like.
- nicotinic acid is 20 to 2000 mg / day, preferably 50 to 1000 mg / day, more preferably 100 to 500 mg / day
- tocopherol nicotinic acid ester is 6 to 600 mg / day, preferably 60 to 300 mg.
- / Day more preferably 100 to 200 mg / day, is administered in 1 to 2 divided doses, but the total amount may be divided into several doses as necessary. In addition, it may be administered once before going to bed for patients who are prone to have side effects of flushing.
- absorption of tocopherol nicotinate is affected by meals, administration during, after or immediately after meals is preferred.
- emulsification or combined use of bile acid derivatives such as ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, bile powder, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, bile extract, bear bile, cow yellow and dehydrocholic acid It is also preferable to do.
- Absorption rate improves when emulsified or combined with a bile acid derivative.
- a dose lower than the recommended daily dose (eg, 100-400 mg for nicotinic acid) is administered orally, followed by a maximum daily dose (eg, nicotine) as a maintenance dose.
- a maximum daily dose eg, nicotine
- acid it may be orally administered by gradually increasing to 2000 mg).
- a sustained-release preparation and the face of nicotinic acid such as aspirin or laropiprant. It is also preferable to use a flushing agent in combination.
- the administration period is appropriately determined depending on the degree of symptoms and the degree of improvement, and is not limited, but for example, 1 year or more, preferably 2 years or more, more preferably 3.5 years or more. More preferably, it is 5 years or more. While the pathological condition related to dyslipidemia and the accompanying peripheral blood circulation or the abnormal value of the biochemical index continues, the dyslipidemia and the accompanying peripheral blood circulation It is desirable to continue administration while the risk of onset and / or recurrence continues. In addition, for example, administration every other day, administration for 2-3 days per week, and in some cases, a drug holiday of about 1 day to 3 months, preferably about 1 week to 1 month, can be provided.
- the dose of EPA and / or nicotinic acid derivative can be set lower than the usual dose generally used.
- the dose of EPA and / or nicotinic acid derivative alone is insufficient to obtain a therapeutic effect, and the therapeutic effect obtained by combining EPA and nicotinic acid derivative is the same dose of EPA and nicotinic acid derivative as the combination. It is also desirable that the use be such that an effect greater than the sum of the therapeutic effects obtained by using each of these can be obtained.
- the dose of EPA and / or nicotinic acid derivative alone is insufficient to obtain a therapeutic effect, and the side effects of the combined use of EPA and nicotinic acid derivative are the same dose of EPA and It is also desirable that the usage be such that the nicotinic acid derivative is less than the sum of the side effects that are manifested individually.
- a dose of EPA alone that is insufficient to obtain a therapeutic effect varies depending on the individual condition, age, weight and body shape of the patient and includes, but is not limited to, for example, EPA-E and / or
- the daily dose is 0.1 g to less than 2 g, preferably 0.2 g to 1.8 g, more preferably 0.3 g to 0.9 g, and preferably 0 .3 g to 0.6 g.
- the dose of a nicotinic acid derivative alone is insufficient to obtain a therapeutic effect, and varies depending on the individual condition, age, weight and body shape of the patient.
- the daily dose is less than the recommended dose of 500 mg, preferably 5 mg to 400 mg, more preferably 10 mg to 200 mg, still more preferably 25 mg to 100 mg, tocopherol nicotinic acid ester daily dose
- the recommended dose is less than 300 mg per day, preferably 3 mg to 200 mg, more preferably 6 mg to 100 mg, and still more preferably 15 mg to 50 mg.
- the effect of the present invention is expected to appear at a lower dose than the dose at which the nicotinic acid derivative alone exhibits a serum lipid lowering action and an accompanying peripheral blood circulation disorder improving action.
- nicotinic acid at a ratio of 500 to 2000 mg and tocopherol nicotinate at a ratio of 300 to 600 mg to 1800 mg of EPA. Also when it is set as a compounding agent, it is desirable to mix
- the daily dose, number of doses or dose ratio of EPA and nicotinic acid derivatives are determined according to lipid markers in plasma (total Cho, TG, LDLho, HDLCho, VLDLCho, non-HDLCho, IDLCho, VHDLCho, phospholipid, chylomicron, ApoB, Free fatty acid, Lp (a), RLPCho, sdLDLCho, etc.), limb peripheral skin temperature rise that can be measured by thermography, extended walking distance, test values such as serum CPK rise, or joint pain, muscle fatigue, eye strain It can be increased or decreased as appropriate while confirming various symptoms such as fatigue, numbness, cold feeling, pain, resting pain, itching, cyanosis, redness, frostiness, stiff shoulders, anemia, poor blood color, pruritus, and ant feeling.
- a nicotinic acid derivative when administered alone, the serum TG value is measured, and the measured value is used as an index. Thereafter, the dose of the nicotinic acid derivative is decreased and administration of EPA is started. An effect can also be obtained.
- the occurrence of various side effects when using the improvement or therapeutic agent of the present invention exceeds the frequency of side effects, such as flushing of the face, which occurs at the dose required by administration of a nicotinic acid derivative alone to obtain the same therapeutic effect as the present invention. Desirably not.
- the dyslipidemic remedy or therapeutic agent of the present invention can be administered as an active ingredient as a compound (may contain other components that are inevitably contained during purification), or a suitable commonly used Carrier or medium, excipient, binder, lubricant, colorant, flavoring agent, if necessary, sterile water or vegetable oil, further harmless organic solvent or harmless solubilizer (eg glycerin, propylene glycol), Emulsifier, suspending agent (eg Tween 80, gum arabic solution), isotonic agent, pH adjuster, stabilizer, soothing agent, flavoring agent, flavoring agent, preservative, antioxidant, buffering agent
- an appropriate pharmaceutical preparation can be prepared by appropriately selecting and combining with additives such as a colorant and an absorption accelerator.
- Additives such as lactose, partially pregelatinized starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, macrogol, tocopherol, hydrogenated oil, sucrose fatty acid ester, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, titanium oxide, talc, dimethylpolysiloxane, silicon dioxide, carnauba wax, desoxycol It may contain sodium acid.
- EPA is highly unsaturated, it is selected from oil-soluble antioxidants such as butyrated hydroxytoluene, breached hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, propyl gallate, pharmaceutically acceptable quinone, astaxanthin and ⁇ -tocopherol. It is desirable to contain an effective amount of at least one selected as an antioxidant.
- Emulsions containing water are susceptible to oxidation, and are particularly susceptible to oxidation when the emulsion droplet size is reduced. Therefore, an effective amount of a water-soluble antioxidant and / or an oil-soluble antioxidant is contained as an antioxidant. It is desirable that both a water-soluble antioxidant and an oil-soluble antioxidant are contained.
- water-soluble antioxidants include ascorbic acid and its derivatives, erythorbic acid and its derivatives, nitrite, citric acid, etc.
- oil-soluble antioxidants include butylated hydroxytoluene, breached hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate And propyl gallate, pharmaceutically acceptable quinone, astaxanthin and ⁇ -tocopherol.
- the storage temperature is preferably room temperature, more preferably in a cool and dark place, and when frozen, there is a risk that the emulsification stability will deteriorate, so it is preferable to avoid frozen storage.
- the dosage form of the formulation varies depending on the combined form of the active ingredient of the present invention and is not particularly limited.
- oral formulations include tablets, film-coated tablets, capsules, microcapsules, granules, fine granules, Powders, emulsions, self-emulsifying preparations, oral liquid preparations, syrups, jellies, inhalants, parenteral preparations include, for example, ointments, suppositories, injections (emulsification, suspension, Non-aqueous) or external preparations such as emulsified or suspended solid injections, infusion preparations, transdermal absorption agents, etc., whether oral, intravenous, intraarterial, inhalation, rectal, vaginal or external
- simple oral formulations are desirable, especially in capsules such as soft capsules or microcapsules, or tablets, film coatings.
- it may be orally administered as an enteric enteric acid
- oral administration as a liquid preparation for oral use such as self-emulsifying preparations and emulsions is preferable because absorption is promoted, administration can be performed without any restriction on the dose, and dosage can be reduced.
- the diameter of the emulsion particles is preferably small, and the average diameter is 2 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- any emulsifier can be used as long as it is used in pharmaceutical preparations.
- egg yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin, egg yolk phospholipid, soybean phospholipid, purified lanolin, glycerin, propylene glycol, polysorbate ester Monoglyceride, diglyceride, organic acid ester of monoglyceride, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, mono Examples include sorbitan stearate, sorbitan trioleate, sodium lauryl sulfate, nonionic surfactant, etc., preferably egg yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin, poly Alkoxy polyoxypropylene glycol, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid
- lecithin More preferred are lecithin and optionally polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, sucrose fatty acid ester.
- An emulsifier having an HLB in the range of 10 to 18 is preferable, and an emulsifier having an HLB in the range of 12 to 16 is more preferable.
- the emulsifier can be contained alone or in combination of two or more.
- an emulsification aid such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid and myristic acid, or salts thereof.
- the stabilizer include phosphatidic acid, ascorbic acid, glycerin, cetanol, ethyl paraoxybenzoate, propyl paraoxybenzoate, trehalose, lactose, sucrose, glucose, maltose and the like.
- Surfactants include sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, Examples include polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether.
- Antioxidants include butyrated hydroxytoluene, brechated hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, propyl gallate, pharmaceutically acceptable quinone, astaxanthin and ⁇ -tocopherol and other oil-soluble antioxidants and ascorbic acid and its derivatives, Examples are water-soluble antioxidants such as erythorbic acid and its derivatives, nitrite, citric acid and the like.
- the content of the EPA and / or nicotinic acid derivative in the emulsion is 0.1 to 60% by mass, preferably 1 to 40% by mass, more preferably 3 to 30% by mass.
- Examples of the emulsifier content include 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.2 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass.
- the emulsion of the present invention is mixed with, for example, an active ingredient, an emulsifier, glycerin, purified water, and other additives such as an antioxidant, if necessary, and heated to form a solution, which is added to a normal homogenizer such as a Manton Gorin type homogenizer.
- a pressure injection type homogenizer for example, using a high-speed stirrer (a foam-less mixer, manufactured by Mie Granule) that emulsifies by passing 1 to 50 times, preferably 2 to 20 times at a pressure of 50 to 700 kg / cm 2.
- the health functional food of the present invention can be produced and used by adding, mixing, and mixing active ingredients with the above-mentioned various dosage forms.
- Preferred examples include syrups, jellies, emulsions, suspensions, soft capsules and microcapsules, and more preferred are jellies, emulsions and microcapsules.
- the improvement or therapeutic agent of the present invention is formulated by a known method when two types of formulations obtained by separately formulating both drugs are used in combination. Moreover, the improvement or therapeutic agent of this invention can be used as the compounding agent which uses EPA and a nicotinic acid derivative as an active ingredient.
- the third drug is not particularly limited, but preferably does not diminish the effects of the present invention, and examples thereof include hyperlipidemia drugs, antioxidants, blood flow improving agents, bile acid derivatives and the like.
- Preferred examples of the third drug include anti-hyperlipidemic drugs such as polyenphosphatidylcholine, soybean oil unsaponifiable matter (soysterol), gamma oryzanol, safflower oil (linoleic acid), riboflavin butyrate, dextran sulfate Examples include sodium sulfur 18, pantethine, and elastase.
- statins such as pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, rosuvastatin, cerivastatin, fibrates such as simfibrate, clofibrate, clinofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate, or lipolysis such as orlistat and cetiristat Enzyme inhibitors, resins such as cholestyramine and colestimide, and ezetimibe are also included.
- statins such as pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, rosuvastatin, cerivastatin
- fibrates such as simfibrate, clofibrate, clinofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate, or lipolysis such as orlistat and cetiristat Enzyme inhibitors
- resins such as cholestyramine and colestimid
- antioxidants examples include vitamins such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and tocopherol (vitamin E), N-acetylcysteine, probucol, and the like.
- Examples of the blood flow improving agent include cilostazol, ticlopidine hydrochloride, alprostadil, limaprost, beraprost sodium, sarpogrelate hydrochloride, argatroban, naphthidrofuryl, isoxsuprine hydrochloride, batroxobin, dihydroergotoxine mesylate, trazoline hydrochloride, hepronicart, four Examples include natural water extract.
- bile acid derivatives examples include ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, bile powder, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, bile extract, bear gall, cow yellow, dehydrocholic acid, and the like.
- biotin vitamin B7
- cyanocobalamin vitamin B12
- pantothenic acid vitamin B5
- folic acid vitamin B9
- thiamine vitamin B1
- vitamin A vitamin D
- vitamin K vitamin K
- tyrosine pyrodoxine
- Preferred examples include branched chain amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine and valine, calcium, iron, zinc, copper and magnesium.
- certain health foods such as soy protein, chitosan, low molecular sodium alginate, dietary fiber derived from psyllium seed coat, phospholipid-bound soy peptide, plant sterol ester, plant stanol ester, diacylglycerol, globin proteolysate, tea catechin Ingredients of nutritional functional foods.
- the dosage form of the combination is not particularly limited, and examples of oral preparations include tablets, film-coated tablets, capsules, microcapsules, granules, fine granules, powders, emulsions, self-emulsifying preparations, oral use.
- oral preparations include tablets, film-coated tablets, capsules, microcapsules, granules, fine granules, powders, emulsions, self-emulsifying preparations, oral use.
- parenteral preparations are administered to patients as external preparations such as injections, infusion preparations, and transdermal absorption agents.
- a sustained-release preparation or a preparation that releases two agents at a time difference is also included.
- the compounding agent of the present invention can contain a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient in addition to the active ingredient.
- antioxidants such as sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfit
- the compounding agent of the present invention can be formulated according to a conventional method.
- the EPA powder is, for example, (A) EPA-E, (B) dietary fiber, (C) starch hydrolyzate and / or low saccharified reduced starch hydrolyzate, and (D) water-soluble antioxidant containing water.
- the oil emulsion is obtained by a known method such as drying under high vacuum and pulverization (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-99046).
- EPA-E powder and powder of nicotinic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof in accordance with conventional methods, granules, fine granules, powders, tablets, film-coated tablets, chewable tablets, gradual Release tablets, orally disintegrating tablets (OD tablets) and the like can be obtained.
- EPA-E is emulsified in a water-soluble polymer solution such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and the resulting emulsion is sprayed onto an additive such as lactose to obtain a powder (specialized product). No. 8-157362) and mixing with a powder of a nicotinic acid derivative and tableting can be obtained by a known method.
- sustained release tablet for example, (1) one of EPA-E and nicotinic acid derivative is formed in the inner layer and the other is formed in the outer layer. (2) A disk-shaped matrix containing each component is stacked in two layers. (3) A granular capsule containing one component is embedded in a matrix containing the other component, (4) some device for sustained release is applied after mixing both agents in advance. It is desirable that the release rate of each active ingredient is adjusted, and both agents may be released at the same time or may be released separately at a time difference.
- the technique described in JP-A-8-333243 and in the case of an oral film preparation, for example, a technique described in JP-A-2005-21124 can be produced according to a known method. it can.
- a technique described in JP-A-2005-21124 can be produced according to a known method. it can.
- a nicotinic acid derivative that does not dissolve in EPA simply, for example, in the case of soft capsules or liquids, the device described in the examples is necessary.
- the compounding agent of the present invention includes a preparation that is devised for compounding EPA and a nicotinic acid derivative into one agent.
- the compounding agent of the present invention is desirably released and absorbed so that the pharmacological action of the active ingredient can be expressed.
- the compounding agent of the present invention is excellent in the release of active ingredients, is excellent in the absorption of active ingredients, is excellent in the dispersibility of the active ingredients, is excellent in the storage stability of the compounding agent, and is excellent in patient convenience or compliance. It is desirable to have at least one effect of the preparation.
- the remedy or therapeutic agent of the present invention is effective for ameliorating or treating dyslipidemia in animals, particularly mammals, preventing recurrence, or suppressing progression to metabolic syndrome, cardio-cerebral vascular events, peripheral limb ulcers and gangrene.
- Mammals include, for example, domestic animals such as humans, cows, horses, and pigs, and domestic animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, and mice, and are preferably humans.
- patients with metabolic syndrome such as those with increased lipids in the blood, developing insulin resistance, or dyslipidemia with elevated blood pressure, show synergistic dyslipidemia improvement or therapeutic effects It is expected.
- the side effects of nicotinic acid derivatives flushing of the face and hot feeling, worsening of insulin resistance, worsening liver damage, worsening peptic ulcer, increased intraocular pressure, increased serum CPK, muscle pain and rhabdomyolysis Side effects are a concern and can be reduced in patients with liver dysfunction, peptic ulcer, glaucoma, diabetes and in patients with statins. Treatment can continue in patients who have not been able to administer the derivative or who have had to be interrupted. Moreover, the burden of a patient's medication can be reduced by setting it as a compounding agent or a kit, and improvement or a therapeutic effect can be heightened further by raising medication compliance.
- Example 1 Efficacy in Cho diet rabbits Plasma lipids of EPA-E and / or tocopherol nicotinic acid ester, auricles using Cho diet (hereinafter referred to as HCD diet) loaded rabbits known to cause dyslipidemia Confirm pharmacological effects on skin temperature and platelet aggregation.
- HCD diet Cho diet
- Normal group normal diet load
- control group HCD diet load
- EPA-E group HCD diet load + EPA-E administration
- tocopherol nicotinate group HCD diet load + tocopherol nicotinate administration
- combination group Five groups (10 rats in each group) of HCD diet load + EPA-E administration + tocopherol nicotinate administration) are set.
- the EPA-E group had 1000 mg / kg of EPA-E
- the tocopherol nicotinate group had 300 mg / kg tocopherol nicotinate
- the combined group had 1000 mg / kg EPA-E and 30 mg / kg tocopherol nicotinate.
- the normal group and the control group are orally administered with a 5% gum arabic aqueous solution once a day.
- the temperature of the auricular skin is measured by thermography, blood is collected, and biochemical tests in plasma are performed.
- the platelet collagen aggregation ability is measured by an absorbance method after 12 weeks of breeding.
- the control group Compared to the normal group, the control group exhibits dyslipidemia with a significant increase in total Cho and TG concentrations in plasma after 12 weeks of breeding.
- the auricular skin temperature decreases, and the platelet collagen aggregation ability increases.
- an increase in plasma total Cho and TG concentrations is suppressed as compared to the control group.
- a decrease in auricular skin temperature and an increase in platelet collagen aggregation ability are also suppressed.
- the combination group shows a significantly greater effect than the sum of the therapeutic effects obtained in the EPA-E group and the tocopherol nicotinate group individually. Therefore, the remedy or therapeutic agent of the present invention is useful for ameliorating or treating dyslipidemia and associated peripheral blood circulation disorders.
- the EPA-E group had 300 mg / kg EPA-E
- the tocopherol nicotinate group had 100 mg / kg tocopherol nicotinate
- the combination group had EPA-E 300 mg / kg and tocopherol nicotinate 100 mg / kg.
- kg is orally administered once a day.
- the drug is used by preparing an emulsion according to Formulation Example 8.
- an emulsion base according to Formulation Example 8 is orally administered once a day. Blood is collected at the start of administration and after breeding for 4 weeks, and biochemical tests in plasma are performed.
- the improvement or treatment agent of the present invention is useful for improvement or treatment of dyslipidemia.
- the EPA-E group had 300 mg / kg EPA-E
- the tocopherol nicotinate group had 100 mg / kg tocopherol nicotinate
- the combination group had 300 mg / kg EPA-E and 100 mg / kg tocopherol nicotinate.
- kg is suspended in 5% aqueous gum arabic solution and orally administered once a day.
- the sham-operated group and the control group are orally administered with a 5% gum arabic aqueous solution once a day.
- rats Two weeks after the start of breeding, rats were anesthetized with 60 mg / kg of pentobarbital sodium, exposed to the right femoral artery, and injected with 0.1 ml of a sodium laurate aqueous solution (10 mg / ml, pH 9.5). Is hemostatic with Aron Alpha (registered trademark) (Toago Toagosei Chemical) and the incision is sutured. In the sham operation group, 0.1 ml of physiological saline is injected instead of the sodium laurate aqueous solution. The degree of lesion progression in both limbs, which are located distal to the injection site, is scored for wet gangrene and dry gangrene, and is visually determined daily until 2 weeks after surgery.
- score of lesion progression is based on the following criteria. Score 0: no change, score 1: focus is limited to nail only, score 2: focus is limited to finger only, score 3: lesion is spread to footpad, score 4: lesion is spread to lower limb.
- the improvement or treatment agent of the present invention is useful for improvement or treatment of peripheral blood circulation disorders associated with lipid abnormalities.
- the patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia were divided into 3 groups (15 in each group).
- the EPA-E group contained Epadale S (registered trademark) 900 (containing EPA-E 900 mg) twice a day for a total of 1800 mg, tocopherol nicotine.
- Epadale S (registered trademark) 900 containing EPA-E 900 mg
- UBELLA N® soft capsule containing 200 mg of tocopherol nicotinic acid ester
- Epadale S® 900 twice a day in total 1800 mg and UBELLA N Take 200 mg of (registered trademark) soft capsule 1 to 3 times a day.
- UBELLA N® soft capsule starts once a day once a day, and after 2 weeks from the start of administration, it is taken 2 capsules a day for a total of 2 capsules.
- the dose is increased or decreased as needed according to the patient's condition up to 3 capsules in total.
- Blood biochemical tests such as plasma lipids, body fat percentage and visceral fat level (body weight and body histometer HBF-361 (OMRON)), waist circumference and lower limb skin temperature (thermography) are measured at the start of administration and 6 months later.
- any group plasma Cho and TG concentrations decrease compared to before treatment, and plasma HDLCho increases compared to before treatment. Also, body fat percentage, visceral fat level and abdominal circumference are decreased, and leg skin temperature is increased. Each index is synergistically improved in the combination group. Further, in the combination group, the increase in the dose of 200 mg of UBELLA N (registered trademark) soft capsule is small compared to the tocopherol nicotinic acid ester group, and the occurrence of side effects such as flushing of the face is suppressed. Therefore, the remedy or therapeutic agent of the present invention is useful for improving or treating dyslipidemia and peripheral blood circulation disorders associated therewith, and for reducing side effects such as flushing of the face caused by tocopherol nicotinate.
- UBELLA N registered trademark
- EPA-E + tocopherol nicotinate group had 300 mg / kg EPA-E and tocopherol nicotinate group 100 mg / kg, and ursodeoxycholic acid group had EPA-E 300 mg / kg, tocopherol nicotine
- the acid ester 100 mg / kg and ursodeoxycholic acid 10 mg / kg are suspended in a 5% gum arabic aqueous solution and orally administered.
- the control group is orally administered with a 5% gum arabic aqueous solution.
- Blood is collected from the jugular vein before drug administration and 3 hours after administration, and the concentrations of EPA and tocopherol in plasma are measured by gas chromatography.
- a control group, EPA-E300 group, EPA-E1000 group, tocopherol nicotinic acid ester 1000 group (hereinafter referred to as TN1000 group), a low-dose combination group, and a high-dose combination group (6 mice each) were set.
- the EPA-E300 group has 300 mg / kg of EPA-E (Mochida Pharmaceutical)
- the EPA-E1000 group has 1000 mg / kg of EPA-E
- the TN1000 group has tocopherol nicotinate (Japanese Koganei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) 1000 mg / kg and EPA-E 300 mg / kg and tocopherol nicotinate 1000 mg / kg in the low dose combination group
- EPA-E 1000 mg / kg and tocopherol nicotinate 1000 mg / kg in the high dose combination group was suspended in a 5% gum arabic aqueous solution and orally administered once a day.
- the control group was orally administered with a 5% gum arabic aqueous solution once a day. Blood was collected on the day before the start of administration and on the 14th day, and plasma was separated by centrifugation. Plasma concentrations of TG, total Cho and HDLCho were measured using a biochemical analyzer (A0400, Olympus Corporation) and a commercially available measuring reagent (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). In addition, the non-HDLCho concentration (total Cho-HDLCho) was calculated. There was no statistically significant difference in the plasma lipid concentrations on the day before the start of administration between all groups.
- the increase / decrease rate of the TG, total Cho and non-HDLCho concentrations in the plasma of each group on the 14th day after drug administration from the control group was calculated by the following formula and shown in Table 1.
- Rate of change (%) (lipid concentration in each group ⁇ lipid concentration in control group) ⁇ 100 / lipid concentration in control group.
- the sum of the increase / decrease rates of the EPA-E single administration group and the tocopherol nicotinic acid ester single administration group is shown as Table 1 as the theoretical value of the increase / decrease rate of the combination group. When the increase / decrease rate of the measured value was negative and showed a value lower than the theoretical value, it was judged that there was a synergistic effect of lipid lowering by the combined use.
- Lipid lowering effect by EPA-E administration was not observed.
- TG and non-HDLCho lowering effects were observed.
- all plasma lipids were decreased, and the measured value was lower than the theoretical value of the combination.
- high sucrose diet-fed hamsters the administration of EPA-E alone was insufficient to obtain plasma lipid lowering effects, but the combination group was more prominent than the plasma lipid lowering action obtained in the TN1000 group A large effect was obtained, and a synergistic effect of combination was observed after administration once a day.
- the ameliorating or treating agent of the present invention has a synergistic effect on the amelioration or treatment of dyslipidemia and the accompanying peripheral blood circulation disorders, and in particular, when used together, EPA-E and / or tocopherol nicotinic acid ester It is expected and useful to have a synergistic effect when administered once a day.
- An emulsion prepared according to Formulation Example 8 was administered to the emulsion administration group, and a composition comprising EPA-E 1% and tocopherol nicotinate 0.33% suspended in 5% gum arabic water was administered to the control group.
- Blood samples were collected before administration, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 24 hours after administration, and after the plasma was collected and processed, the EPA concentration and tocopherol nicotinate concentration in the plasma were measured by LC / MS, respectively. / MS and LC / MS. From each blood concentration, the maximum blood concentration (C max ), the area under the blood concentration curve from 0 to 2 hours (AUC 0-2 ), and the area under the blood concentration curve from 0 to 24 hours (AUC) 0-24 ) was calculated. In calculating each parameter, correction is performed by subtracting the blood concentration before administration from the blood concentration.
- both C max and AUC 0-2 which are parameters of absorption rate and AUC 0-24 which is a parameter of absorption amount were higher than those of the control group in both EPA and tocopherol nicotinate.
- AUC 0-2 which is a parameter for increasing blood concentration immediately after administration of the emulsion administration group, was about 6 times that of the control group, and similarly AUC 0-24 was about 2 times that of the control group.
- AUC 0-2 in the emulsion administration group was about 17 times that in the control group, and similarly AUC 0-24 was about 5 times in the control group.
- the EPA-E and tocopherol nicotinate emulsion of the present invention rapidly and more increase the blood EPA concentration and tocopherol nicotinate concentration even when taken on an empty stomach such as before meals or before going to bed, and its pharmacological action It is expected and useful to exhibit this quickly and more effectively.
- Concentrated glycerin, nicotinic acid and purified water having the composition shown in Table 2 above are added and stirred, and the pH is adjusted to around 7 using sodium hydroxide.
- Gelatin and D-sorbitol are added to this solution and dissolved by heating and stirring at 60 ° C.
- the solution is degassed under reduced pressure, and the viscosity is adjusted with purified water to obtain a soft capsule skin solution.
- soft capsule skin solution and EPA-E soft capsules containing 300 mg of EPA-E and 100 mg of nicotinic acid per capsule are obtained.
- soft capsules are obtained using 125 mg of niceritrol, 50 mg of nicomol or 100 mg of inositol hexanicotinate instead of nicotinic acid.
- Purified water is added to each component having the composition of B in Table 4 and dissolved, and the pH is adjusted to around 7 with sodium hydroxide.
- Each component of A is added to this liquid, and an emulsion obtained by stirring at high speed under reduced pressure is dispensed 1.5 g at a time into an aluminum laminated film stick packaging, and the inside of the packaging is purged with nitrogen and sealed.
- a solution containing 300 mg as EPA-E and 100 mg as tocopherol nicotinate per package is obtained.
- a liquid preparation in which 5 mg of ursodeoxycholic acid is further mixed with the above composition A is obtained.
- Purified water is added to each component having the composition of B in Table 5 above and dissolved, and the pH is adjusted to around 7 with sodium hydroxide.
- Each component of composition A is added to this solution and stirred at high speed under reduced pressure to obtain an emulsion.
- This emulsified liquid is heated to 85 ° C., and each component of composition C is mixed and stirred to add a uniformly dispersed liquid, and kneaded uniformly.
- Dispense 4.5 g of this preparation into stick packaging made of aluminum laminate film replace the inside of the packaging with nitrogen and seal, cool and solidify, and contain 900 mg EPA-E and 250 mg nicotinic acid per package. To get a jelly.
- a jelly agent is obtained by using 200 mg of tocopherol nicotinate, 400 mg of niceritrol, 200 mg of nicomol or 400 mg of inositol hexanicotinate instead of nicotinic acid.
- Sachet compounding agent A seamless soft capsule having a gelatin film of about 4 mm in diameter containing 20 mg of EPA-E or 20 mg of tocopherol nicotinate is produced. 45 EPA-E-containing seamless soft capsules and 15 tocopherol nicotinic acid ester capsules are placed in an aluminum laminate film stick wrap, the inside of the wrapping is replaced with nitrogen and sealed, and 900 mg as EPA-E per sachet, as tocopherol nicotinic acid ester A sachet containing 300 mg is obtained.
- Niaspan registered trademark
- 500 mg tablet containing 500 mg as nicotinic acid in one tablet
- EPA-E-containing seamless soft capsule 90 capsules are placed in an aluminum laminate film stick packaging, and the inside of the packaging is purged with nitrogen and sealed.
- a sachet formulation containing 1800 mg as EPA-E and 500 mg as nicotinic acid per packet is obtained.
- Emulsion EPA-E 9 g, tocopherol nicotinic acid ester 1 g, phospholipid 3.6 g, sodium oleate 0.15 g and phosphatidic acid 0.15 g are added and dissolved by heating at 40 to 75 ° C.
- 200 ml of purified water is added, and then 7.5 g of glycerin is added, and the total amount is made up to 300 ml with purified water at 20 to 40 ° C., and pre-emulsified using a homomixer.
- This is emulsified by passing 10 times under a pressure of 120 kg / cm 2 in the first stage and a total pressure of 500 kg / cm 2 using a Manton Gorin type homogenizer. Thereby, an emulsion having an average particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m or less and excellent storage stability is obtained. 30 ml of this emulsion is dispensed into ampoules to obtain an emulsion containing 900 mg as EPA-E and 100 mg as tocopherol nicotinate per ampule.
- an emulsion having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less and excellent storage stability is obtained.
- 40 ml of this emulsion is dispensed into glass bottles to obtain an emulsion containing about 3.36 g as EPA-E + DHA-E and 200 mg as tocopherol nicotinate per bottle.
- the prepared emulsified composition was purged with nitrogen in the container, sealed and stored at room temperature until evaluation was performed.
- Table 6 shows the formulation (mass%) of the emulsion composition.
- the emulsion composition is emulsified in the same manner as described in Formulation Example 8 to obtain an emulsified composition having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m or less and excellent storage stability.
- the prepared composition is purged with nitrogen in the container, sealed and stored at room temperature until evaluation is performed.
- Table 9 shows the formulation (mass%) of the emulsion composition. 60 ml of this emulsified composition is dispensed into ampoules to obtain an emulsion containing 600 mg as EPA-E and about 200 mg as tocopherol nicotinate per ampule.
- the dyslipidemia ameliorating or therapeutic agent using EPA and a nicotinic acid derivative in combination as active ingredients according to the present invention is synergistic with dyslipidemia and associated peripheral circulatory disorders compared to when used alone. Expected to show improvement or therapeutic effect. In particular, it is synergistic in patients with high Choemia, hyperTG, hyperLDLChoemia and low HDLChoemia, patients with advanced arteriosclerosis, and patients with ASO, Buerger disease, Raynaud's disease, Raynaud's disease syndrome It is expected to show an improvement or therapeutic effect for various dyslipidemias and peripheral blood circulation disorders associated therewith.
- side effects can be reduced, and treatment should continue in patients who have not been able to administer nicotinic acid derivatives due to these side effects or who have had to be discontinued. Can do.
- the burden of a patient's medication can be reduced by setting it as a compounding agent or a kit, and improvement or a therapeutic effect can be heightened further by raising medication compliance.
- the absorbability is improved by using an emulsion
- patients whose absorptivity in the intestinal tract has decreased the elderly
- the effect of the present invention can also be exhibited when administered to patients with enteric diseases, after intestinal surgery, end-stage cancer patients, when taking lipase inhibitors, or when the dose is reduced.
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Abstract
Description
トコフェロールニコチン酸エステルは、ニコチン酸とトコフェロール(ビタミンE)とを結合させたニコチン酸誘導体であり、両者のそれぞれの生理作用を示しながら、各々を併用した場合より安定で持続的な脂質代謝改善、微小循環系賦活、血管強化、血小板凝集抑制、血中酸素分圧上昇など薬理作用を有することが明らかとなっている(非特許文献3参照)。トコフェロールニコチン酸エステルは、高血圧症に伴う随伴症状、高脂質血症およびASOに伴う末梢循環障害の治療薬として日本で市販されている(ユベラN(登録商標)、エーザイ)。
日本で血清脂質に対する有効性が公表されている併用療法として、(1)スタチンとレジン、(2)スタチンとフィブラート、(3)スタチンとプロブコール、(4)スタチンとニコチン酸誘導体、(5)プロブコールとニコチン酸誘導体、(6)スタチン、プロブコールおよびレジンなどがある。スタチンとニコチン酸誘導体の併用(4)は、Choの低下に加えHDLCho値の上昇効果が見られる。併用療法で最も注意すべきことは、スタチンとフィブラートの併用(2)で稀に横紋筋融解症をきたすなどの副作用発現の点である(非特許文献2参照)。
経皮的冠動脈形成術施行患者に、シンバスタチン、EPA-Eおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルを投与して、3ヵ月後の血清総Choに影響はないが最小血管径は有意に大きく再狭窄率は有意に低値であったこと(非特許文献6参照)、高リポ蛋白血症による急性膵炎入院患者にベザフィブラート、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステルおよびEPA-E を投与し、血中TGが低下したこと(非特許文献7参照)が報告されている。
また、本発明は、脂質異常症に伴う末梢血行障害、特にASO、バージャー病、レイノー病およびレイノー病症候群の改善または治療ならびに四肢末梢潰瘍や壊疽への進行を抑制するための、安全性が高く、有効性に優れ、使いやすい、末梢血行障害の改善または治療薬およびその使用方法を提供することを目的とする。
(1)EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ、並びに、ニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体を有効成分として併用する脂質異常症の改善または治療薬。
(2)脂質異常症が高Cho血症、高TG血症、高LDLCho血症、高超低比重リポ蛋白(以下、VLDLと記す)Cho血症、高非HDLCho血症、高中間比重リポ蛋白(以下、IDLと記す)Cho血症、高遊離脂肪酸血症、高リン脂質血症、高カイロミクロン血症、高ApoB血症、高リポプロテイン(a)(以下、Lp(a)と記す)血症、高レムナント様リポ蛋白(以下、RLPと記す)Cho血症、高小型高密度(以下、sdと記す)LDLCho血症、低HDLCho血症、低超高比重リポ蛋白(以下、VHDLと記す)Cho血症および脂質異常症に伴う末梢血行障害からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである上記(1)に記載の改善または治療薬。
(3)EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルがEPA-Eである上記(1)または(2)に記載の改善または治療薬。
(5)ニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体が、ニコチン酸あるいはトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルである上記(1)ないし(4)のいずれか1つに記載の改善または治療薬。
(10)ニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体を有効成分として含有する上記(1)ないし(7)のいずれかに記載の改善または治療薬であって、EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを投与される患者の脂質異常症の改善または治療薬。
(12)ニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体を、EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの化合物を投与される患者に投与することで、EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ、並びに、ニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体を併用する上記(1)ないし(8)および(10)のいずれかに記載の改善または治療薬。
(16)前記有効成分が、ポリエンフォスファチジルコリン、大豆油不けん化物(ソイステロール)、ガンマオリザノール、酪酸リボフラビン、デキストラン硫酸ナトリウムイオウ18、パンテチン、エラスターゼ、ウルソデオキシコール酸、ケノデオキシコール酸、胆汁末、デヒドロコール酸、ビオチン、シアノコバラミン、パントテン酸、葉酸、チアミン、ビタミンK、チロシンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである上記(15)に記載の改善または治療薬。
この態様において、上記有効成分が別々の製剤である場合には、少なくとも一方が乳剤の形態であり、一方のみが乳剤の形態でも、両方とも乳剤の形態でもよい。
(18)下記(a)、(b)および(c)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの乳化剤を含有する上記(17)に記載の改善または治療薬:
(a)レシチンおよび任意にポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコール
(b)ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油
(c)ショ糖脂肪酸エステル。
(19)上記(a)のレシチンが、大豆レシチン、酵素分解大豆レシチン、水素添加大豆レシチンおよび卵黄レシチンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである上記(18)に記載の改善または治療薬。
(20)上記(a)のポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコールが、ポリオキシエチレン(3)ポリオキシプロピレン(17)グリコール、ポリオキシエチレン(20)ポリオキシプロピレン(20)グリコール、ポリオキシエチレン(42)ポリオキシプロピレン(67)グリコール、ポリオキシエチレン(54)ポリオキシプロピレン(39)グリコール、ポリオキシエチレン(105)ポリオキシプロピレン(5)グリコール、ポリオキシエチレン(120)ポリオキシプロピレン(40)グリコール、ポリオキシエチレン(160)ポリオキシプロピレン(30)グリコール、ポリオキシエチレン(196
)ポリオキシプロピレン(67)グリコールおよびポリオキシエチレン(200)ポリオキシプロピレン(70)グリコールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである上記(18)または(19)に記載の改善または治療薬。
(21)上記(a)のレシチンが大豆レシチンまたは酵素分解大豆レシチンであり、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコールがポリオキシエチレン(105)ポリオキシプロピレン(5)グリコールである上記(18)ないし(20)のいずれかに記載の乳化組成物。
(23)上記(b)のポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油が、ポリオキシエチレン(60)硬化ヒマシ油である上記(18)または(22)に記載の改善または治療薬。
(26)上記乳化剤のHLBが12ないし16の範囲である上記(17)ないし(25)のいずれかに記載の改善または治療薬。
(28)EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルの含量が0.1ないし30質量%の範囲である上記(17)ないし(27)のいずれかに記載の改善または治療薬。
(29)EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルの含量が9質量%以下である上記(17)ないし(28)のいずれかに記載の改善または治療薬。
(31)EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステル100質量部に対する乳化剤の含量が10ないし50質量部である上記(17)ないし(30)のいずれかに記載の改善または治療薬。
(32)上記乳化剤の含有量が2質量%以下である上記(17)ないし(31)に記載の乳化組成物。
(34)改善または治療薬中の平均乳化滴径が0.3μm以下である上記(17)ないし(33)のいずれかに記載の改善または治療薬。
(36)前記2つの投与工程を同時に行う上記(35)に記載の方法。
(37)前記2つの投与工程を別々の時期に行う上記(35)に記載の方法。
(38)血清総Cho、TG、LDLCho、HDLCho、VLDLCho、非HDLCho、IDLCho、VHDLCho、遊離脂肪酸、リン脂質、カイロミクロン、ApoB、Lp(a)、RLPChoおよびsdLDLChoからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの値を測定あるいは算出してその値が正常範囲内になるまで、投与を継続する上記(35)に記載の方法。
(40)前記2つの投与工程を同時に行う上記(39)に記載の方法。
(41)前記2つの投与工程を別々の時期に行う上記(39)に記載の方法。
(42)顔面紅潮の発現観察や血清クレアチンホスホキナーゼ(以下、CPKと記す)、インスリン抵抗性を測定してこれらの副作用が発現した場合に、それら副作用が消失あるいは測定値が正常範囲内になるまでニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体の投与量を減少させる、ニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体を休薬させる、およびEPAの投与量を増加させることからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを行う上記(39)に記載の方法。
(43)EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ、並びに、ニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体を有効成分として併用する、血中脂質が高めのヒト用または末梢血行が不順なヒト用の保健機能食品。
具体的には、各々単独で使用した場合に比べて相乗的な脂質異常症の改善または治療効果を示すことが期待される。特に、血中総Cho、TG、LDLCho、非HDLChoおよびHDLChoなどの血漿中脂質マーカーの改善あるいは末梢血行障害に起因する四肢末梢皮膚温度上昇、歩行距離延長や関節痛、筋肉疲労、眼精疲労、しびれ、冷感、疼痛およびかゆみなどの諸症状の改善において相乗的な脂質異常症の改善または治療効果を示すことが期待される。また、Lp(a)高値の脂質異常症の患者において、Lp(a)低下を含めた改善または治療効果を示すことが期待される。
また、配合剤やキット剤とすることで患者の服薬の負担を軽減し、服薬コンプライアンスをより高めることで更に改善または治療効果を高めることができる。
また、乳剤とすることで吸収性が向上するので、食中、食後あるいは食直後以外の時間、例えば食前、食直前、就寝前に投与した場合、腸管での吸収能低下した患者(高齢者、腸疾患患者、腸手術後、末期癌患者、リパーゼ阻害剤服用時)に投与した場合あるいは、投与量を減量した場合も本発明の効果を発現させることができる。
本発明は、EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ、並びに、ニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体を有効成分として併用する、脂質異常症の改善または治療薬およびその使用方法である。本発明の改善または治療薬は、有効成分の、EPA、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ、並びに、ニコチン酸あるいはその製薬学上許容しうる誘導体を、組み合わせて用いる組み合わせ薬、組み合わせ組成物およびその使用方法である。
EPAとして、精製魚油も使用できる。また、EPAのモノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、TG誘導体またはこれらの組合せなども好ましい態様の一つである。例えばインクロメガ(lncromega)F2250、F2628、E2251、F2573、TG2162、TG2779、TG2928、TG3525およびE5015(クローダ インターナショナル ピーエルシー (Croda International PLC, Yorkshire, England))、および EPAX6000FA、EPAX5000TG、EPAX4510TG、EPAX2050TG、EPAX7010EE、K85TG、K85EEおよびK80EE (プロノバ バイオファーマ(Pronova Biopharma, Lysaker, Norway) )などの種々のEPA、その塩およびエステルを含有する製品が市販されており、これらを入手して使用することもできる。
上記投与量を経口投与する場合、投与期間は症状の程度および改善度により適宜決定され、限定されるものではないが、例えば1年以上、好ましくは2年以上、より好ましくは3.5年以上、更に好ましくは5年以上であるが、脂質異常症や末梢血行障害に関連する病態あるいは生化学的指標の異常値などが継続している間、脂質異常症やそれに伴う末梢血行障害の発症および/または再発の危険度が高い状態が続いている間は投与を継続することが望ましい。また、例えば1日おきに投与する、1週間に2~3日投与する態様や、場合により1日~3ヵ月程度、好ましくは1週間~1ヵ月程度の休薬期間を設けることもできる。
本発明の効果は、ニコチン酸誘導体単独で血清脂質低下作用およびそれに伴う末梢血行障害改善作用を示す用量より少ない低用量で現れることが期待される。
好ましい第三の薬剤としては、高脂血症治療薬のうち、例えば、ポリエンフォスファチジルコリン、大豆油不けん化物(ソイステロール)、ガンマオリザノール、紅花油(リノール酸)、酪酸リボフラビン、デキストラン硫酸ナトリウムイオウ18、パンテチン、エラスターゼが挙げられる。また、プラバスタチン、シンバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、フルバスタチン、ピタバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、セリバスタチンのようなスタチンやシンフィブラート、クロフィブラート、クリノフィブラート、ベザフィブラート、フェノフィブラートのようなフィブラート系薬剤、あるいはオルリスタット、セチリスタットのような脂肪分解酵素阻害剤、コレスチラミンやコレスチミドのようなレジン、エゼチミブなども挙げられる。
本発明の配合剤は、有効成分に加え、薬学的に許容され得る賦形剤を含むことができる。適宜、公知の酸化防止剤、コーティング剤、ゲル化剤、嬌味剤、着香剤、保存剤、乳化剤、pH調整剤、緩衝剤、着色剤などを含有させてもよい。配合剤の好ましい剤形および賦形剤の態様は、上記の併用時の態様と同様である。
チュアブル錠であれば、例えば、EPA-Eをヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースなどの水溶性高分子溶液中に乳化し、得られた乳化液を乳糖などの添加剤に噴霧して粉粒体を得て(特開平8-157362号参照)、ニコチン酸誘導体の粉体と混合して打錠することなど公知の方法により得ることができる。
徐放錠であれば、例えば(1)EPA-Eおよびニコチン酸誘導体のいずれかを内層に、他方を外層に形成する、(2)各成分を含有する円盤状のマトリックスを2層に重ねる、(3)一成分を含有する粒状カプセルを他方の成分を含有するマトリックス中に埋め込む、(4)両剤を予め混合した後に何らかの徐放のための工夫が施される、などが挙げられる。各有効成分は放出速度を調整されていることが望ましく、両剤同時に放出されてもよいし、別々に時間差で放出されてもよい。
口腔内崩壊錠であれば、例えば特開平8-333243号記載の技術など、口腔用フィルム製剤であれば、例えば特開2005-21124号記載の技術など、公知の方法に準じて製造することができる。単純にはEPAに溶解しないニコチン酸誘導体で、例えば、軟カプセル剤、液剤などにする場合には実施例に記載の工夫が必要である。本発明の配合剤は、このようにEPAとニコチン酸誘導体とを1剤に配合するための工夫をしている製剤を含む。
また、配合剤やキット剤とすることで患者の服薬の負担を軽減し、服薬コンプライアンスを高めることで更に改善または治療効果を高めることができる。
(実験例1)
Cho食家兎における有効性
脂質異常症をきたすことが知られているCho食(以下、HCD食と記す)負荷家兎を用いてEPA-Eおよび/またはトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルの血漿脂質、耳介皮膚温度、血小板凝集に対する薬理作用を確認する。
体重2.7~3.3kgの日本白色雄性家兎(船橋農場)を通常食(F-1、船橋農場)あるいはHCD食(1%Cho添加RC-4、オリエンタル酵母)を1日100g、12週間自由摂取させて12時間明暗周期、23℃で飼育する。正常群(通常食負荷)、対照群(HCD食負荷)、EPA-E群(HCD食負荷+EPA-E投与)、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群(HCD食負荷+トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル投与)および併用群(HCD食負荷+EPA-E投与+トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル投与)の5群(各群10匹)を設定する。飼育期間中、EPA-E群にはEPA-Eを1000mg/kg、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群にはトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルを300mg/kgおよび併用群にはEPA-E1000mg/kgおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル30mg/kgを5%アラビアゴム水溶液に懸濁して1日1回経口投与する。正常群および対照群には5%アラビアゴム水溶液を1日1回経口投与する。投与開始時および12週間飼育後、耳介皮膚温度をサ-モグラフィーで測定し、採血して血漿中の生化学検査を行う。また、12週間飼育後に血小板コラーゲン凝集能を吸光度法で測定する。
EPA-E群およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群は対照群に比べて、血漿中の総Cho、TG濃度の上昇が抑制される。また、耳介皮膚温度の低下および血小板コラーゲン凝集能の亢進も抑制される。
上記測定値の抑制効果において、併用群はEPA-E群およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群個々で得られる治療効果の和よりも顕著に大きい効果が認められる。よって本発明の改善または治療薬は脂質異常症およびそれに伴う末梢血行障害の改善または治療等に有用である。
高TG血症ラットにおける有効性
6週齢の雄性Zucker Diabetic Fatty ラット(日本チャールズ・リバー株式会社)を糖尿病誘発性飼料(Purina5008(粗蛋白質23.5%、粗脂肪6.5%))を自由摂取させて12時間明暗周期、23℃で飼育する。対照群、EPA-E群(EPA-E投与)、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群(トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル投与)および併用群(EPA-E投与+トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル投与)の4群(各群10匹)を設定する。飼育期間中、EPA-E群にはEPA-Eを300mg/kg、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群にはトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルを100mg/kgおよび併用群にはEPA-E300mg/kgおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル100mg/kgを1日1回経口投与する。薬剤は、製剤例8に準じて乳剤を作製して使用する。対照群には製剤例8に準じた乳剤基剤を1日1回経口投与する。投与開始時および4週間飼育後に採血して血漿中の生化学検査を行う。
EPA-E群およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群は対照群に比べて、血漿中のTGおよび遊離脂肪酸濃度の上昇が抑制される。上記測定値の抑制効果において、併用群はEPA-E群およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群個々で得られる治療効果の和よりも顕著に大きい効果が認められる。よって本発明の改善または治療薬は脂質異常症の改善または治療等に有用である。
ラウリン酸誘発末梢動脈閉塞高TG血症ラットにおける有効性
4週齢の雄性Wistar系ラット(日本エスエルシー)を高スクロール食(AIN-76A、PURINA MILLS)を4週間自由摂取させて12時間明暗周期、23℃で飼育する。偽手術群、対照群、EPA-E群(EPA-E投与)、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群(トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル投与)および併用群(EPA-E投与+トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル投与)の5群(各群10匹)を設定する。飼育期間中、EPA-E群にはEPA-Eを300mg/kg、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群にはトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルを100mg/kgおよび併用群にはEPA-E300mg/kgおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル100mg/kgを5%アラビアゴム水溶液に懸濁して1日1回経口投与する。偽手術群および対照群には5%アラビアゴム水溶液を1日1回経口投与する。飼育開始2週間後にラットをペントバルビタールナトリウム60mg/kgを腹注して麻酔後、右大腿動脈を露出してラウリン酸ナトリウム水溶液(10mg/ml、pH9.5)を0.1ml注入し、穿刺部位をアロンアルファ(登録商標)(東亜東亞合成化学)で止血して切開部を縫合する。偽手術群のみラウリン酸ナトリウム水溶液の代わりに生理食塩水0.1mlを注入する。注射局部より末梢側にあたる両肢の病変進行度を湿性壊疽および乾性壊疽についてスコア化し、手術2週間後まで毎日肉眼で判定する。病変進行度のスコアは下記の基準による。
スコア0:変化なし、スコア1:病巣は爪のみに限局、スコア2:病巣は指のみに限局、スコア3:病巣は足蹠に波及、スコア4:病巣は下肢に波及。
EPA-E群およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群は対照群に比べて、スコアの改善が認められ、併用群はEPA-E群およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群個々で得られる改善効果の和よりも顕著に大きい効果が認められる。よって本発明の改善または治療薬は脂質異状症に伴う末梢血行障害の改善または治療等に有用である。
脂質異常症と診断された患者を3群(各群15名)に分けて、EPA-E群にはエパデールS(登録商標)900(EPA-E900mg含有)を1日2回合計1800mg、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群にはユベラN(登録商標)ソフトカプセル200mg(トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル200mg含有)を1日1ないし3回、併用群にはエパデールS(登録商標)900を1日2回合計1800mgおよびユベラN(登録商標)ソフトカプセル200mgを1日1ないし3回服用させる。ユベラN(登録商標)ソフトカプセル200mgは1日に1回1カプセル投与で開始し、投与開始後2週目以降は1日2回合計2カプセル服用まで、さらに投与開始後4週目以降は1日3回合計3カプセル服用まで、患者の状況に応じて投与量を適宜増減する。投与開始時および6ヵ月後に血漿脂質などの血液生化学検査、体脂肪率および内臓脂肪レベル(体重体組織計HBF-361(オムロン))、腹囲および下肢皮膚温度(サーモグラフィー)の測定を行う。
胆汁酸誘導体のEPA-Eおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル吸収への影響
6週齢の雄性Wistar系ラット(日本エスエルシー)を通常食(F-1、船橋農場)を自由摂取させて12時間明暗周期、23℃で飼育する。対照群、EPA-E+トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群(EPA-E投与+トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル投与)、ウルソデオキシコール酸併用群(EPA-E投与+トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル投与+ウルソデオキシコール酸投与)の3群(各群3匹)を設定する。1日絶食後、EPA-E+トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル群にはEPA-Eを300mg/kgおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルを100mg/kgを、およびウルソデオキシコール酸併用群にはEPA-E300mg/kg、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル100mg/kgおよびウルソデオキシコール酸10mg/kgを5%アラビアゴム水溶液に懸濁して経口投与する。対照群には5%アラビアゴム水溶液を経口投与する。薬物投与前および投与3時間後に頸静脈より採血し、血漿中のEPAおよびトコフェロールの濃度をガスクロマトグラフィーで測定する。
高ショ糖食ハムスターにおける有効性
高ショ糖食飼育ハムスターを用いてEPA-Eおよび/またはトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルの血漿脂質に対する薬理作用を確認した。
6週齢の雄性シリアン(Syrian)ハムスター(日本エスエルシー株式会社)を12時間明暗周期、23℃で飼育し、魚粉抜きF-1飼料(船橋農場)を2週間自由摂取させた後、高ショ糖食(D11511、リサーチダイエット社(Research Diet Inc.))を2週間自由摂取させた。対照群、EPA-E300群、EPA-E1000群、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル1000群(以下、TN1000群と記す)、低用量併用群および高用量併用群の6群(各群6匹)を設定した。
高ショ糖食飼育期間中、EPA-E300群にはEPA-E(持田製薬)を300mg/kg、EPA-E1000群にはEPA-Eを1000mg/kg、TN1000群にはトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル(和光純薬工業株式会社)を1000mg/kgおよび低用量併用群にはEPA-E300mg/kgおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル1000mg/kgおよび高用量併用群にはEPA-E1000mg/kgおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル1000mg/kgを5%アラビアゴム水溶液に懸濁して1日1回経口投与した。対照群には5%アラビアゴム水溶液を1日1回経口投与した。
投与開始前日および14日目に採血し、遠心分離にて血漿を分離した。生化学分析装置(A0400、オリンパス株式会社)および市販の測定試薬(和光純薬工業株式会社)を用いて、血漿中のTG、総ChoおよびHDLChoの濃度を各々測定した。また、非HDLCho濃度(総Cho-HDLCho)を算出した。投与開始前日の血漿中各脂質濃度は全群間で統計学的に有意な差はなかった。
薬剤投与14日目における各群血漿中のTG、総Choおよび非HDLCho濃度の対照群からの増減率を次の式で算出し、表1に示した。増減率(%)=(各群の脂質濃度-対照群の脂質濃度)×100/対照群の脂質濃度。また、併用群においては、EPA-E単独投与群およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル単独投与群の増減率の和算値を併用群の増減率の理論値とし、表1に示した。測定値の増減率が負でかつ理論値より低値を示した場合を、併用による脂質低下の相乗効果があると判断した。
高ショ糖食飼育ハムスターにおいて、EPA-E単独投与では血漿脂質低下効果を得るには不十分な用量であったにもかかわらず、併用群ではTN1000群で得られた血漿脂質低下作用よりも顕著に大きい作用が得られ、1日1回投与で併用による相乗効果が認められた。よって本発明の改善または治療薬は、脂質異常症およびそれに伴う末梢血行障害の改善または治療等に対して相乗的に効果を示すこと、特に併用することによりEPA-Eおよび/またはトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルの用量を低くすることができ、また1日1回投与で相乗的に効果を示すことが期待され有用である。
ビーグル犬における薬物動態
EPA-Eおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルを雄性ビーグル犬(約18ヶ月齢、北山ラベス)各群4例に絶食条件下で経口投与し、EPAおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルの血中濃度の推移を評価した。なお、各被験動物は投与の18時間以上前より絶食とし、各動物にはEPA-Eとして600mgおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルとして200mgとなる量の組成物を投与した。乳剤投与群には製剤例8に準じて作製した乳剤を、対照群にはEPA-E1%およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル0.33%を5%アラビアゴム水に懸濁した組成物を投与した。投与前、投与後1、2、3、4、8および24時間に採血を行い、血漿を分取して処理を行った後、血漿中のEPA濃度およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル濃度を各々LC/MS/MSおよびLC/MSにより測定した。
各血中濃度より血中濃度最大値(Cmax)、0時間から2時間までの血中濃度曲線下面積(AUC0-2)および0時間から24時間までの血中濃度曲線下面積(AUC0-24)を算出した。なお、各パラメーターの算出の際には各血中濃度より投与前の血中濃度を減じた補正を行っている。
すなわち、EPA-Eおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルを乳剤で投与した場合、対照群に比べて経口投与後速やかに吸収され、かつ吸収量も多いことが確認された。従って、本発明のEPA-Eおよびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル乳剤は、食前や就寝前などの空腹時に服用した場合でも血中EPA濃度およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル濃度が速やかに、かつより上昇し、その薬理作用を速やかに、かつより効果的に発揮することが期待され有用である。
同様にして、ニコチン酸に換えてニセリトロール125mg、ニコモール50mgあるいはイノシトールヘキサニコチネート100mgを用いて、軟カプセルを得る。
同様にして、上記Aの組成にさらにウルソデオキシコール酸5mgあるいはα-トコフェロール1mgを混合した軟カプセルを得る。
同様にして、上記Aの組成にさらにウルソデオキシコール酸5mgを混合した液剤を得る。
同様にして、ニコチン酸に換えてトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル200mg、ニセリトロール400mg、ニコモール200mgあるいはイノシトールヘキサニコチネート400mgを用いて、ゼリー剤を得る。
EPA-Eとして20mgあるいはトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル20mgを含有する、直径約4mmのゼラチン皮膜を有するシームレスソフトカプセルを製する。EPA-E含有シームレスソフトカプセル45カプセルとトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル15カプセルを、アルミラミネートフィルム製スティック包装に入れ、包装内部を窒素置換して密封し、1包あたりEPA-Eとして900mg、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステルとして300mgを含有する分包配合剤を得る。
Niaspan(登録商標)500mg錠(1錠中にニコチン酸として500mg含有)1錠とEPA-E含有シームレスソフトカプセル90カプセルを、アルミラミネートフィルム製スティック包装に入れ、包装内部を窒素置換して密封し、1包あたりEPA-Eとして1800mg、ニコチン酸として500mgを含有する分包配合剤を得る。
EPA-E9g、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル1gにリン脂質3.6g、オレイン酸ナトリウム0.15gおよびホスファチジン酸0.15gを加えて40ないし75℃で加熱溶解させる。これに精製水200mlを加え、次いでグリセリン7,5gを加え、20ないし40℃の精製水で全量を300mlとし、ホモミキサーを用いて予備乳化する。これをマントンゴーリン型ホモジナイザーを用いて、1段目120kg/cm2、合計圧500kg/cm2の加圧下で10回通過させて乳化する。これにより、平均粒子径0.2μm以下の保存安定性に優れる乳化液を得る。この乳化液を30mlずつアンプルに分注し、1アンプルあたりEPA-Eとして900mg、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステルとして100mgを含有する乳剤を得る。
ω3脂肪酸(Lovaza(登録商標)(K85EE):ω3脂肪酸約90%、EPA-E+DHA-E約84%含有、EPA-E:DHA-E=約1.2:1)100g、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル5g、濃グリセリン25g、卵黄リン脂質12gを秤量し、注射用蒸留水を加えて1Lとし、ホモミキサーで分散させる。これをマントンゴーリン型ホモジナイザーを用いて、1段目100kg/cm2、2段目50kg/cm2の加圧下で通過させて乳化する。これにより、平均粒子径1μm以下の保存安定性に優れる乳化液を得る。この乳化液を40mlずつガラスボトルに分注し、1ボトルあたりEPA-E+DHA-Eとして約3.36g、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステルとして200mgを含有する乳剤を得る。
大豆レシチン2.4gに濃グリセリン80.0gと精製水80.0gを加えて混合し、これにトコフェロールニコチン酸エステル5.3gをEPA-E16.0gに溶解させた溶液を少量ずつ攪拌しながら加えた(調製液A)。別に、精製水1233.1gにエリソルビン酸ナトリウム20.8g、トレハロース160.0g、ポリオキシエチレン(105)ポリオキシプロピレン(5)グリコール2.4gを溶解した(調製液B)。次に、調製液Aに調製液Bを少しずつ攪拌しながら加えた。これを高速攪拌器(泡レスミキサー、美粒製)を用い15000rpmにて乳化し乳化物を得た。次に、この乳化物を高圧乳化装置(DeBee2000、BEE インターナショナル製)を用い20000PSIにて高圧乳化し乳化組成物を得た。調製した乳化組成物は容器内を窒素置換して、評価を実施するまで密封して室温にて保管した。表6に乳化組成物の処方(質量%)を示す。
ポリオキシエチレン(60)硬化ヒマシ油4.8g、エリソルビン酸ナトリウム20.8g、濃グリセリン80.0g、トレハロース160.0g、精製水1313.1gを量り取り、溶解する。これに、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル5.3gを溶解したLovaza(登録商標)(K85EE)16.0gを加える。以下、製剤例8に記載の方法と同様にして乳化して、平均粒子径0.3μm以下の保存安定性に優れる乳化液を得る。この乳化液を50mlずつガラスボトルに分注し、1ボトルあたりEPA-E+DHA-Eとして約420mg、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステルとして165mgを含有する乳剤を得る。表8に乳化組成物の処方(質量%)を示す。
ショ糖脂肪酸エステル(サーフホープ SE PHARMA J-1816、三菱化学フーズ)3.84g、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル(サーフホープ SE PHARMA J-1805、三菱化学フーズ)0.96g、エリソルビン酸ナトリウム20.8g、濃グリセリン80.0g、トレハロース160.0g、精製水1313.1gを量り取り、70℃に加温して溶解する。これに、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステル5.3gをEPA-E16.0gに溶解させた溶液を少量ずつ攪拌しながら加える。以下、製剤例8に記載の方法と同様に乳化して、平均粒子径0.3μm以下の保存安定性に優れる乳化組成物を得る。調製した組成物は容器内を窒素置換して、評価を実施するまで密封して室温にて保管する。表9に乳化組成物の処方(質量%)を示す。この乳化組成物を60mlずつアンプルに分注し、1アンプルあたりEPA-Eとして600mg、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステルとして約200mgを含有する乳剤を得る。
また、本発明により各有効成分を単独で使用する場合の投与量を減少させることが可能であり、特にニコチン酸誘導体で発現頻度の高い副作用である顔面紅潮や横紋筋融解症などの重大な副作用が懸念されるスタチン投与患者において、副作用を軽減することができ、また、これらの副作用のためにニコチン酸誘導体投与を行えなかった患者や中断せざるを得なかった患者において治療を継続することができる。
また、配合剤やキット剤とすることで患者の服薬の負担を軽減し、服薬コンプライアンスを高めることで更に改善または治療効果を高めることができる。
また、乳剤とすることで吸収性が向上するので、食中、食後あるいは食直後以外の時間、例えば食前、食直前、就寝前に投与した場合、腸管での吸収能低下した患者(高齢者、腸疾患患者、腸手術後、末期癌患者、リパーゼ阻害剤服用時)に投与した場合あるいは、投与量を減量した場合も本発明の効果を発現させることができる。
Claims (5)
- イコサペント酸、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ、並びに、トコフェロールニコチン酸エステルを有効成分として併用する、脂質異常症の改善または治療薬。
- 脂質異常症が高コレステロール血症、高トリグリセリド血症、高低比重リポ蛋白コレステロール血症、高非高比重リポ蛋白コレステロール血症および低高比重リポ蛋白コレステロール血症からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである請求項1記載の改善または治療薬。
- イコサペント酸、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルが、イコサペント酸エチルエステルである請求項1または2に記載の改善または治療薬。
- イコサペント酸、その製薬学上許容しうる塩およびエステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの化合物およびトコフェロールニコチン酸エステルの配合剤である請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の改善または治療薬。
- 乳剤の形態である請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の改善または治療薬。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2308493A4 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
CN102088978A (zh) | 2011-06-08 |
JP5922868B2 (ja) | 2016-05-24 |
JP5876907B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 |
EP2308493A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
JP2014240418A (ja) | 2014-12-25 |
JPWO2010004982A1 (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
CN102088978B (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
KR20110039249A (ko) | 2011-04-15 |
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