WO2006008242A1

WO2006008242A1 - Process for producing caco3 or mgco3

Info

Publication number: WO2006008242A1
Application number: PCT/EP2005/053258
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jacobus Johannes Cornelis Geerlings; Gerardus Antonius Franciscus Van Mossel; Bernardus Cornelis Maria In 't Veen
Original assignee: Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Priority date: 2004-07-19
Filing date: 2005-07-07
Publication date: 2006-01-26
Also published as: CN1989073B; EP1836127A1; CN1989073A; RU2007105895A; US20070202032A1; RU2389687C2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing CaC03 or MgC03 from a feedstock comprising a Ca- or Mg-comprising mixed metal oxide, wherein: (a) an aqueous slurry of the feedstock is contacted with a C02 containing gas to form an aqueous solution of Ca(HC03)2 or Mg(HC03)2 and a solid Ca- or Mg-depleted feedstock; (b) part or all of the aqueous solution of Ca(HC03)2 or Mg(HC03)2 is separated from the solid Ca- or Mg-depleted feedstock; (c) CaC03 or MgC03 is precipitated from the separated aqueous solution of Ca(HC03)2 or Mg(HC03)2; and (d) the precipitated CaC03 or MgC03 is recovered as product. The invention further relates to a process for the production of an aqueous solution of Ca(HC03)2 or Mg(HC03)2.

Description

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CaCO₃ OR MgCO₃

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a process for producing CaCO₃ or MgCO₃ from a feedstock containing a Ca- or Mg-comprising mixed metal oxide and to a process for the production of an aqueous solution of Ca (HCO₃) 2 or

Mg (HCO₃) 2-

Background of the invention

The rising carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere due to the increased use of energy derived from fossil fuels potentially may have a large impact on the global climate. Thus there is an increasing interest in measures to reduce the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.

In nature, stable mineral carbonate and silica are formed by a reaction of carbon dioxide with natural silicate minerals. This process of reacting carbon dioxide with mineral substances is also referred to as carbonation or mineralisation and results in free carbon dioxide being bound, i.e. sequestrated. The process follows the reaction:

(Mg,Ca) x Siy 0_x+2y + x CO2 -> x (Mg,Ca) CO₃ + y Siθ2 The reaction in nature, however, proceeds at very low reaction rates.

Recently, the feasibility of such a reaction in industrial plants has been studied. These studies mainly aim at increasing the reaction rate.

At the internet site of the US Department of Energy, http: // www.fetc.doe.gov/publications/factsheets/ program/-prog006.pdf, for example, is disclosed the reaction of finely ground serpentine (Mg₃Si2θ5 (OH) 4) or olivine (Mg2Siθ4) in a solution of supercritical carbon dioxide and water to form magnesium carbonate.

In WO 2002/085788 is disclosed a process for mineral carbonation wherein carbon dioxide is reacted with a bivalent alkaline earth metal silicate, which silicate is immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution. It is mentioned that the residual compounds obtained after carbonisation, i.e. the mixture of carbonate and silica formed, can be used as filler in construction materials. Natural minerals suitable for carbonation can be found in abundance and should theoretically provide enough storage facility to sequestrate all the carbon dioxide produced worldwide. When a carbon dioxide sequestration process is located near a mineral production site, the transport cost are low, since the mineral carbonate formed could be stored in used mining pits. However, exploitable mineral resources are generally located far from the place where the carbon dioxide is produced and where it would preferentially be sequestrated. This can lead to high transportation cost for both the reactant and the formed mineral, affecting the industrial applicability of the process.

An alternative for the use of natural minerals as starting material for CO₂ sequestration is the use of mineral rich industrial waste products. These waste materials are generally available close to industrial sites where Cθ2-containing off-gases are produced. In

'Accelerated carbonation of waste calcium silicate materials' by D.C. Johnson (ISSN 1353-114X) it is disclosed that stainless steel slag, deinking ash, pulverised fuel ash are suitable feedstocks for a carbon dioxide sequestration process.

Also CO₂ sequestation processes using industrial waste materials are economically unattractive, as large volumes of industrial waste are necessary and large volumes of residual materials have to be transported to a storage location.

It is known that residual mineral material from carbonation processes can be treated to extract part of it, thus reducing the total volume to be transported to a storage location.

In US 6,716,408, for example, is disclosed a process for preparing amorphous silica from calcium-silicates. The disclosed process includes the reaction of the calcium-silicate with CO2 in an aqueous environment with the formation of a suspension of agglomerated particles of Siθ2 and CaC03- The suspension is treated with a compound of aluminium, boron, or zinc to form a solution containing Siθ2 particles with nanometric dimensions. Amorphous silica is obtained by separation of the silica solution from the residual solids and subsequent precipitation, drying or gelation. CaCθ3 may be recovered from the solid residue after multiple treatments of the solid residue with sodium aluminate (see EXAMPLE IB of US 6,716,408) . The reaction of silicate with CO2 is carried out in an autoclave at pressures above ambient pressure. A disadvantage of the process disclosed in US 6,716,408 is that it requires the addition of an aluminium, boron, or zinc compound, i.e. an electrolyte, for the separation of a valuable compound, i.e. silica, from a feedstock comprising a Ca-comprising mixed metal oxide.

In US 5,223,181 is disclosed a process for concentrating radioactive thorium containing magnesium slag by extracting MgCO₃ from it. In the process of

US 5,223,181, a slurry of water and magnesium slag is contacted with carbon dioxide, forming a Mg(HCO3)2 solution. Subsequently, MgCC>3 is precipitated from the Mg(HCO3)2 solution by removal of carbon dioxide. The - A -

magnesium slag used in the process of US 5,223,181 contains as main component [4MgCO3.Mg (OH) 2 ■4H2O] and as minor components BaMg(003)2 and [MggAl2CO3 (OH) _]_g.4H2O] , i.e. basic magnesium carbonate, a mixed metal carbonate 5 and a basic mixed metal carbonate, respectively. Both basic magnesium carbonate and basic mixed metal carbonate dissolve in water in the presence of carbon dioxide. A disadvantage of the process disclosed in US 5,223,181 is that a relatively low amount of carbon dioxide is 10 sequestrated, e.g. in case of the component

[4MgCO3.Mg (OH) 2-4H2O] 0.2 moles of carbon dioxide are sequestrated per mole of MgCO3 produced.

US 6,387,212 discloses a process for removing CaCO3 from the other insoluble compounds present in various 15 aqueous media, in particular aqueous media from paper for recycling and from deinking sludges. The CaCO3 is solubilised by contacting the aqueous medium with CO2, thus forming Ca(HCO3)2- The aqueous solution of Ca(HCO3)2 is separated from the solid components and mixed with 2.0 Ca (OH) 2 resulting in the precipitation of CaCθ3 via:

Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)₂ -> 2CaCO₃ + 2H₂O

The process of US 6,387,212 requires the addition of Ca(OH)₂ for the precipitation of CaC03. Ca (OH) 2 is generally obtained by reacting CaO with water. CaO, 25 however, is produced by heating Ca-minerals. Both the combustion of fuel to supply the necessary heat and the conversion from mineral to CaO results in the emission of substantial quantities of CO₂-

Summary of the Invention

30 It has now been found that if mineral feedstocks comprising mixed metal oxides are used for CO₂ sequestration, it is possible to obtain CaCθ3 or MgCO3 of a high purity, whilst sequestrating a relatively large amount of CO2 • The CaCC>3 or MgCθ3 can be prepared at relatively low temperature and pressure, without the need for additional chemicals. Relatively pure CaCC>3 or MgCC>3 are used in the paper, paint, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry, e.g. as filler material and whitening agent.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a process for producing CaCC>3 or MgCO3 from a feedstock comprising a Ca- or Mg-comprising mixed metal oxide, wherein:

(a) an aqueous slurry of the feedstock is contacted with a CO2 containing gas to form an aqueous solution of

Ca(HCO3)2 or Mg(HCO3)2 and a solid Ca- or Mg- depleted feedstock; (b) part or all of the aqueous solution of Ca(HCC^) 2 or Mg(HCO3)2 is separated from the solid Ca- or Mg- depleted feedstock; (c) CaCC>3 or MgCC>3 is precipitated from the separated aqueous solution of Ca(HCC^⁾ 2 ^or Mg(HCC^) 2; and (d) the precipitated CaCC>3 or MgCO3 is recovered as product.

It is an advantage of the process according to the invention that CO2 is sequestered and an intrinsically valuable product is obtained. Another advantage is that the process can be performed at relatively low temperature and pressure. A further advantage is that there is no need to add electrolytes or other additional components. Another advantage is that the present process allows an industrial process to effectively sequestrate part of its produced CO2 in its waste. A still further advantage is that the waste is neutralised and thus made suitable for certain uses, e.g. as foundation or as construction material. In a further aspect, the invention also relates to the intermediate product of the above-mentioned carbonate production process and therefore to a process for producing an aqueous solution of Ca(HCC>3)2 or Mg(HCC>3)2 from a feedstock comprising a Ca- or Mg-comprising mixed metal oxide, the process comprising steps (a) and (b) as hereinbefore defined.

The thus obtained aqueous solution of Ca(HCO3)2 or Mg(HCO3)2 can be utilized to neutralise (strongly) diluted strong acids or to precipitate organic acids as

Ca or Mg compounds. Brief Description of the Drawing

In Figure 1 a process diagram of an embodiment of the invention is shown. Detailed Description of the Invention

In the process according to the present invention, intrinsically valuable CaCC>3 or MgCO3 is prepared whilst carbon dioxide is sequestrated by contacting a feedstock comprising a Ca- or Mg-comprising mixed metal oxide with a Cθ2~containing gas.

A mixed metal oxide is herein defined as an oxide containing at least two metals or metalloid components, at least one of them being Ca or Mg. Examples of suitable other metals or metalloids are silicon, iron or a mixture thereof, preferably silicon. The mixed metal oxide may for example be a silicate, a mixed silicate-oxide compound and/or a mixed silicate-oxide-hydroxide compound. The mixed metal oxide may be in its hydrated form. Any feedstock comprising a Ca- or Mg-comprising mixed metal oxide may be used. The feedstock preferably comprises between 5 and 100 wt% of the Ca- or Mg- comprising mixed metal oxide, based on the total weight of the feedstock, more preferably between 50 and 95 wt%. Examples of suitable feedstocks are natural occurring Ca- or Mg-minerals, e.g. wollastonite, olivine or serpentine, and industrial waste streams such as steel slag, paper bottom ash, or coal fly ash. Industrial waste streams are preferred feedstocks, since they can generally be obtained at low prices near CO2 producing facilities. More preferred feedstocks are steel slag and paper bottom ash. Steel slag is obtained during the production of steel. It typically contains, among others, calcium silicates (e.g. Ca2SiC>4), iron mixed metal oxides

(e.g. Ca2Fe2θ5) and calcium oxide. Paper bottom ash is obtained as waste material during the recycling of paper and typically contains, among others, calcium silicates (e.g. Ca2Siθ4), calcium aluminium silicates and calcium oxide. The exact composition of the feedstock can be determined using generally known analysis methods, e.g. XRD. Steel slag is particularly preferred as feedstock.

In the process according to the invention, it is also possible to make mixtures of CaC03 and MgCC>3, ^y using a feedstock comprising both Ca and Mg or by using a mixture of a Ca-comprising feedstock and a Mg-comprising feedstock. The process is preferably a process for producing CaCC>3 from a Ca-comprising mixed metal oxide.

In the process according to the invention, an aqueous slurry of the feedstock is contacted with a CO2 containing gas. The aqueous slurry suitably contains up to 60 wt% of solid material, based on the total weight of the aqueous slurry, preferably 10 to 50 wt%. The aqueous slurry may, for example, be formed by mixing feedstock particles, preferably particles with an average diameter in the range of from 0.5 μm to 5 cm, with an aqueous stream, preferably water.

Preferably, no electrolytes are added to the aqueous slurry of feedstock. The Cθ2-containing gas that is contacted with the feedstock slurry has preferably a CO2 partial pressure of at least 0.01 bar, more preferably 0.1 bar, even more preferably 0.5 bar. The CO2 partial pressure is preferably at most 1 bar, more preferably at most

0.95 bar. Reference herein to CO2 partial pressure is to the CO₂ partial pressure at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) conditions, i.e. at 0 ⁰C and 1 atm. The CO2 containing gas may be pure CO2 or a mixture of CO2 with one or more other gases. Preferably, the CO2 containing gas is an industrial off-gas, for example an industrial flue gas. An industrial off-gas being defined as any gas released while operating an industrial process. When the aqueous slurry is contacted with the CO2- containing gas, CO2 dissolves in the aqueous phase while forming bicarbonate according to:

CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> HCO3- + H⁺. (1)

In case the slurry is of an alkaline nature, i.e. the ^' initial pH of the feedstock slurry being higher than that of water, the reaction equilibrium of reaction (1) will be shifted to the right. It is therefore preferred that the pH of the slurry is higher than that of water, more preferably between 6.5 and 14, even more preferably between 7 and 13. Industrial waste streams as steel slag and paper bottom ash are typically alkaline in nature due to the presence of Ca-mixed oxide and often also calcium oxide (CaO) that form calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) upon contact with water. An advantage of the process according to the invention is that, if such alkaline industrial waste streams are used as feedstock, the resulting Ca- or Mg-depleted feedstock is less alkaline in nature than the original feedstock. The less alkaline depleted feedstock is therefore more suitable to be used in applications where it is in direct contact with the natural environment. In case no alkaline slurry is obtained when mixing the feedstock with water, the pH may be adjusted by methods known in the art to obtain an alkaline slurry. The bicarbonate formed in reaction (1) reacts with the mixed metal oxide to form calcium or magnesium bicarbonate and Ca- or Mg-depleted feedstock. In the case of calcium silicate as the mixed metal oxide in the solid feedstock, calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2) and silica (Siθ2) are formed according to reaction (2) :

Ca₂SiO₄ + 4HCO3- + 4H⁺ -> 2Ca(HCO3)2 + SiO₂ + 2H₂O (2)

In step (a) of the process according to the invention, the aqueous slurry is contacted with the CO₂ containing gas in a contactor. The contactor can be any appropriate contactor, see for examples Perry' s Chemical

Engineering Handbook 7 Edition chapter 14, pages 23 to 61 or chapter 23, pages 36 to 39.

Step (a) of the process is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of from ambient to 200 ⁰C, more preferably of from ambient to 150 ⁰C, even more preferably of from ambient to 100 ⁰C, most preferably of from ambient to 50 ⁰C. A relatively low temperature is favourable, since at low temperature the stability of the bicarbonate compounds is high and high concentrations of dissolved Ca- or Mg-bicarbonates are obtained. The pressure at which the aqueous slurry is contacted with the C0₂-containing gas in step (a) is preferably in the range of from 1 to 150 bar (absolute) , more preferably of from 1 to 40 bar (absolute) , even more preferably of from 1 to 5 bar (absolute) .

In step (b) of the process according to the invention, the aqueous solution of calcium or magnesium bicarbonate and the Ca- or Mg-depleted solid feedstock are led to a separator, to separate part or all of the bicarbonate solution from the solid Ca-or Mg-depleted feedstock. Preferably, at least 40% of the bicarbonate solution is separated from the stream comprising the solid feedstock, more preferably 80 to 90 wt% of the bicarbonate solution is separated.

The separator may be any mechanical solid-liquid separator not requiring evaporation of the aqueous medium, preferably a sedimentation or filtration based separator. Such separators are known in the art, see for example Perry' s Chemical Engineering Handbook 7 Edition chapter 18, pages 130 to 133. It will be appreciated that the amount of bicarbonate formed is limited by the solubility of the bicarbonate in the aqueous medium and will thus inter alia depend on the ratio of water to solid feedstock. Oversaturation of the bicarbonate solution results in deposition of solid carbonate on the depleted feedstock. This carbonate may be retrieved by recycling the depleted feedstock to step (a) of the process. In step (c) of the process according to the invention, CaCO3 or MgCC>3 is precipitated from the separated aqueous solution of Ca(HCC>3)2 or Mg(HCO3)2- Typically, the CaCC>3 or MgCθ3 is precipitated by removing CO2 from the separated aqueous solution of bicarbonate. This is typically done in a stripper. Strippers are known in the art, for example from Perry's Chemical Engineering

Handbook 7 Edition Chapter 14, pages 23 to 61.

The bicarbonate solution is in equilibrium with carbon dioxide according to reaction equation (3) : Mg,Ca(HCO3)2 <-> Mg,CaCC>3 + CO2 + H₂O (3)

It will be appreciated that the equilibrium concentrations are determined by parameters like temperature and CO₂ partial pressure. By removing carbon dioxide, the equilibrium is shifted to the right. Since - li ¬

the solubility of carbonate is much lower than that of bicarbonate, solid Ca- or Mg-carbonate will precipitate upon carbon dioxide removal.

Preferably, the temperature of the aqueous solution of the bicarbonate in the stripper is in the range of from 15 to 95 ⁰C, more preferably of from 25 to 85 ⁰C, even more preferably of from 50 to 80 ⁰C. The CO2 may be removed by any suitable method. Such methods are known in the art and include release of CO2 overpressure, stripping with an inert gas (nitrogen or air) , or applying a vacuum. A combination of these methods for removing CO2, simultaneously or sequentially, can be used to increase the carbonate yield. In case of a sequence of CO₂ removal steps, it might be advantageous to decrease the carbonate solubility in each step by lowering the temperature of the aqueous solution of bicarbonate after each step by 5 to 50 ⁰C, more preferably by 10 to 20 ⁰C, as compared to the previous step. The temperature decrease may for example be achieved by using a cold strip gas or by allowing part of the water to evaporate when applying a vacuum.

Preferably, all or part of the stripped CO2 is recycled to the contactor, i.e. to step (a) of the process. Alternatively, the CaCC>3 or MgCC>3 may be precipitated from the separated aqueous solution of Ca(HCC>3)2 or Mg(HCO3)2 by ultrasound irradiation of the aqueous solution of the bicarbonate, which can induce the precipitation of the Ca- or Mg-carbonate. In step (d) of the process according to the invention, the precipitated carbonate is recovered as product. In step (c) an aqueous suspension of carbonate is formed. Solid carbonate may be recovered from this suspension in any suitable way, for example by separating the suspension into substantially pure solid carbonate and an aqueous stream in a separator. The thus-obtained aqueous stream may be (partly) recycled to form the aqueous slurry comprising the feedstock. If desired, any one of the above-mentioned process steps may be combined or integrated with one or more of the other process steps into a single process step.

Preferably, the Ca- or Mg-carbonate that is recovered as product has an ISO Brightness value of at least 80%, preferably more than 90%, as determined according to

ISO 2470. The ISO Brightness value is a measure for the whiteness. It will be appreciated that the whiteness inter alia depends on the purity and the crystal type and size of the carbonate and that the exact process conditions in step (c) of the process, i.e. the step wherein the carbonate is precipitated, will influence the ISO Brightness value. It is within the skills of the skilled person to control process conditions like temperature, bicarbonate concentration, mixing speed, and the optional presence of crystallisation initiators in step (c) in such a way that a carbonate having the desired ISO Brightness value is obtained .CaCθ3 or MgCθ3 produced with the process as hereinbefore defined is particularly suitable to be used in a process for paper manufacture. In such a process the CaCθ3 or MgCO3 is added to a slurry of cellulose pulp and the CaCO3 or MgCθ3-comprising pulp is cast and dried in the desired form to obtain a paper product. Detailed Description of the Drawing

The invention is further illustrated by way of example with reference to Figure 1. In Figure 1 is schematically shown a flow diagram of a process for producing CaCO3 f^r°m an aqueous slurry of a Ca-mixed metal oxide.

An aqueous slurry of steel slag is fed via conduit 1 to contactor 2. In contactor 2, the aqueous slurry is contacted with a CO2 containing gas, which is fed to contactor 2 via conduit 3. An aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate and solid Ca-depleted steel slag are formed in contactor 2. The bicarbonate solution and the depleted steel slag are led together via conduit 4 to separator 5. In separator 5, they are separated into a solids-free stream of bicarbonate solution, which is led via conduit 6 to stripper 7 and a stream comprising the solids, i.e. the depleted steel slag. The stream comprising the solids is discharged from separator 5 via conduit 8. Optionally, part or all of the depleted steel slag is recycled to contactor 2 via conduit 9. In stripper 7, CO2 is removed from the bicarbonate solution by releasing the overpressure. The CO2 is discharged from stripper 7 via conduit 10. Alternatively, CO2 may be removed by supplying strip gas to stripper 7 or by applying vacuum to conduit 10. The stripped CO2 containing gas may be recycled to contactor 2 via conduit 11. In stripper 7, calcium carbonate precipitates, and thus an aqueous suspension of carbonate is formed. The suspension is subsequently fed via conduit 12 to separator 13. In separator 13, pure solid CaCθ3 is separated from the suspension and recovered as product via conduit 14. An aqueous stream is discharged from separator 13 via conduit 15 and is optionally recycled to contactor 2 via conduit 16. Examples

The invention is further illustrated by way of the following non-limiting examples. All examples are according to the invention. EXAMPLE 1

An aqueous slurry of steel slag was made by mixing 200 g of steel slag with a volume-averaged particle size of 7 μm with 3900 g of water in a 5 L reactor vessel. At ambient conditions, i.e. a temperature of 22 ⁰C and a pressure of 1 bar (absolute) , pure CO2 was bubbled through the slurry during 24 hours. The aqueous phase was then separated from the solids and transferred to a separate vessel. CO2 was removed from the separated aqueous phase at room temperature by using nitrogen as strip gas. The CaCθ3 precipitate was dried and weighed.

The CaCO3 yield (weight of CaCθ3 per volume of Ca(HCO3)2 solution) is reported in the Table. EXAMPLE 2

An aqueous slurry of paper bottom ash slurry was made by mixing 32 g of paper bottom ash with 412 g of water in a 0.5 L reactor vessel. At ambient conditions, i.e. a temperature of 22 ⁰C and a pressure of 1 bar (absolute) , pure CO2 was bubbled through the slurry during 29 hours.

The amount of CO2 that was absorbed (mainly as CaCO3) by the paper bottom ash was measured at different points in time by taking a small sample of the paper bottom ash and measuring its weight loss upon heating the sample to 750 ⁰C. The CO2 absorption was calculated as the percent weight loss of the feedstock sample, based on the weight of the sample before heating, and is given in the Table. After 29 hours, the aqueous phase was separated from the solids and transferred to a separate vessel. CO2 was removed from the separated aqueous phase at room temperature by using nitrogen as strip gas. The CaCO3 precipitate was dried and weighed. The CaCθ3 yield (weight of CaCC>3 per volume of Ca(HCC>3)2 solution) is reported in the Table. EXAMPLE 3 An aqueous slurry of paper bottom ash slurry was made by mixing 50 g of paper bottom ash and 4000 g of water in a 5 L reactor vessel. At ambient conditions, i.e. a temperature of 22 ⁰C and a pressure of 1 bar (absolute) , pure CO2 was bubbled through the slurry during 24 hours. After 24 hours, the aqueous phase was separated from the solids and transferred to a separate vessel. CO2 was removed from the separated aqueous phase by heating the aqueous phase to a temperature in the range of from 75 to 100 ⁰C. The thus-obtained CaCθ3 precipitate was dried and weighed. The CaCC>3 yield (weight CaC03 per volume Ca(HCO3)2 solution) is reported in the Table. EXAMPLE 4

In different experiments, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by steel slag (volume-averaged particle size 7 μm) was measured at different temperatures and pressures. For each experiment, an aqueous slurry of steel slag was made by mixing 64 g of steel slag and 825 g of water in a 1 L reactor vessel and the slurry was contacted with pure CO2 • In the experiments at 10 and 40 bar, the vessel was pressurised with pure carbon dioxide gas. In the experiment at atmospheric pressure (1 bar), carbon dioxide was bubbled through the slurry. The CO2 absorption was determined as described in

EXAMPLE 2. The results are reported in the Table. EXAMPLE 5

In two different experiments, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by steel slag (volume-averaged particle size 7 μm) was measured at a CO2 partial pressure of 3.10-4 bar and 0.2 bar, respectively. For each experiment, an aqueous slurry of steel slag was made by mixing 64 g of steel slag and 825 g of water in a 1 L reactor vessel and the slurry was contacted with a CC>2-containing gas (air for the experiment at 3.10^"4 bar CO2 partial pressure) at atmospheric pressure by bubbling the gas through the slurry. The experiments were performed at 22 ⁰C and 28 ⁰C, respectively. The CO2 absorption was determined as described in EXAMPLE 2. The results are reported in the Table.

Table Reaction conditions in step (a) and results of EXAMPLES 1-5

Claims

C L A I M S

1. A process for producing CaCC>3 or MgCθ3 from a feedstock comprising a Ca- or Mg-comprising mixed metal oxide, wherein:

Ca(HCO3)2 or Mg(HCC^) 2 and a solid Ca- or Mg-depleted feedstock;

(b) part or all of the aqueous solution of Ca(HCC>3)2 or Mg(HCO3)2 is separated from the solid Ca- or Mg-depleted feedstock;

(c) CaCθ3 or MgCO3 is precipitated from the separated aqueous solution of Ca(HCO3)2 or Mg(HCO3)2/' and

(d) the precipitated CaCOβ or MgCC>₃ is recovered as product.

2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the CaCC>3 or

MgCθ3 is precipitated in step (c) by removing CO2.

3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Ca- or Mg-comprising mixed metal oxide comprises silicon or iron.

4. A process for producing CaCC>3 according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the feedstock comprises a Ca-comprising mixed metal oxide.

5. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the feedstock is an industrial waste product, preferably steel slag or paper bottom ash, more preferably steel slag.

6. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aqueous slurry contains up to 60 wt% of solid feedstock based on the total weight of the aqueous slurry, preferably 10 to 50 wt%.

7. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pH of the aqueous slurry is above that of water, preferably in the range of from 6.5 to 14, more preferably in the range of from 7 to 13.

8. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the CO2 containing gas has a CO2 partial pressure of at least 0.01 bar, preferably at least

0.1 bar, more preferably at least 0.5 bar, and has a CO2 partial pressure of at most 1 bar, preferably at most 0.95 bar.

9. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the slurry of the feedstock contains the feedstock in the form of particles, preferably particles with an average diameter in the range of from 0.5 μm to 5 cm.

10. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein step (a) is carried out at a temperature in the range of from ambient to 200 ⁰C, preferably of from ambient to 150 ⁰C, more preferably of from ambient to 100 ⁰C.

11. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the operating pressure during step (a) is in the range of from 1 to 150 bar (absolute) , preferably of from 1 to 40 bar (absolute) , more preferably of from 1 to 5 bar (absolute) .

12. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the CO2 containing gas is an industrial off-gas, preferably an industrial flue gas.

13. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the CaCC>3 or MgCO3 that is recovered as product has an ISO Brightness value of at least 80%, preferably at least 90%.

14. A process for producing an aqueous solution of Ca(HCO3)2 or Mg(HCC>3)2 from a feedstock comprising a Ca- or Mg-comprising mixed metal oxide, the process comprising steps (a) and (b) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12.