WO2004113998A1 - 光変調装置 - Google Patents
光変調装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004113998A1 WO2004113998A1 PCT/JP2004/008762 JP2004008762W WO2004113998A1 WO 2004113998 A1 WO2004113998 A1 WO 2004113998A1 JP 2004008762 W JP2004008762 W JP 2004008762W WO 2004113998 A1 WO2004113998 A1 WO 2004113998A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2587—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission using a single light source for multiple stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/29—Repeaters
- H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
- H04B10/297—Bidirectional amplification
- H04B10/2971—A single amplifier for both directions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2210/00—Indexing scheme relating to optical transmission systems
- H04B2210/25—Distortion or dispersion compensation
- H04B2210/258—Distortion or dispersion compensation treating each wavelength or wavelength band separately
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical modulation device used for optical communication, and more particularly to a technique for configuring an optical modulation device configured by combining an optical amplifier such as a semiconductor optical amplifier and an optical intensity modulator.
- Fig. 1 shows the configuration of a conventional optical modulation circuit.
- the multi-wavelength light generated from the multi-wavelength light source 101 is wavelength-demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexer 103, and then modulated by the respective light intensity modulators 105. It is multiplexed again by 7.
- the configuration shown in FI G.1 requires two wavelength multiplexers / demultiplexers 103 and 107 with the same absolute value of the transmission center wavelength.
- An optical modulator comprising a multiplexer / demultiplexer 207, one or a plurality of optical intensity modulators 209, and reflecting mirrors 211 corresponding to the number of optical intensity modulators has been proposed. (See Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-318184).
- the optical modulation device shown in FIG. 2 input from the input port 203 of the optical input means 201 is performed.
- the input multi-wavelength light passes through the input / output port 205, is wavelength-demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexer 207, is modulated by each light intensity modulator 209, is reflected by the light reflector 211, and is Then, the optical signal is returned to the optical path, is again multiplexed by the wavelength multiplexer 207, and is output from the output port 213 of the input / output means 201.
- this device configuration since it can be configured with only one wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 207, the transmission center wavelength of the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer can be easily adjusted, and the device cost can be reduced.
- the optical power of each wavelength decreases due to the loss of the used optical device such as a wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer.
- the loss of the optical fiber transmission line connecting them cannot be ignored. Since a decrease in the power of the WDM signal causes a deterioration in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), an optical amplifier such as that shown in 109 of FIG. 1 or 215 of FIG. 2 is used. Need to amplify the power.
- SNR signal-to-noise ratio
- FI G.1 and FI G.2 disclose an example of amplifying WDM signal signals collectively by using a wideband optical amplifier that covers the entire wavelength range of multi-wavelength light ( JP-A-2003-18853).
- a polarization independent optical amplifier that amplifies the light intensity without depending on the polarization of the wavelength-multiplexed modulated light is used.
- an optical fiber amplifier such as an erbium (Er) -doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is generally used.
- EDFAs are optical amplifiers that add erbium ions, Er 3+, to the core of a silica glass optical fiber, and use the stimulated emission of the ions at their unique transitions to amplify the light traveling through the optical fiber.
- SOA Semkonducior Optical Amplifier
- An SOA is an optical amplifier that amplifies light traveling through an active layer in a semiconductor by stimulated emission by reducing the end face of the resonator of a semiconductor laser.
- Each of the above optical amplifiers has a wide gain band of 30 nm or more, but the carrier lifetime at the excitation level differs greatly.
- the carrier lifetime is m because the gain spread is formed by transitions from multiple discrete excited energy levels. It is as long as s (milliseconds), and the gain spread is not uniform.
- SOA has a short carrier lifetime of the order of ns (nanoseconds) and can be regarded as having a uniform gain spread.
- the optical amplifier is operated in a gain saturation region to obtain a high output.
- an optical fiber amplifier such as an EDFA is generally used as described above.
- SOA that pumps the semiconductor by injection current, semiconductor laser that outputs pump light, additive optical fiber doped with erbium, etc., and coupler that couples pump light to additive optical fiber. Comparing with EDFA, it can be said that SOA is quite economical in terms of parts count. In particular, SOA is more suitable for amplifying one signal wavelength.
- ⁇ SOA can be used as a modulator by changing the injection current according to the modulation signal.
- EA modulator Electro Absorption modulator
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a configuration of a conventional light modulator that can be used for the light intensity modulator 105 shown in FIG.
- the device of Conventional Example 1 uses SOA as a modulator
- the light modulation device 303 is illustrated in a case where the light modulation device 303 is located at a position distant from the light source. Both ends of the SOA modulator 306 are coupled to an input transmission line 301 for inputting an optical signal and an output transmission line 309 for outputting an optical signal.
- these input / output transmission lines include various optical devices such as optical filters, optical power brass, optical connectors, splices (spUce), and the like, and are not shown in this figure.
- a wavelength multiplexing / demultiplexing device is inserted between the input / output transmission line 301 and the SOA modulator 306, and these components are all reflection points. Since these reflection points are present at both ends of the optical amplifier section of the SOA, an optical resonator is formed by these reflection points and the SOA, and as a result, the operation of the SOA becomes unstable. It may be possible. In order to prevent this inconvenience, as shown in FIG. 3, optical isolators 305 and 306 that transmit only light in a single direction are inserted at both ends of the SOA. (Conventional example 2)
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of a conventional optical modulation device applied to the optical modulation circuit of FIG. 2 as Conventional Example 2.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of two types of optical modulators 405 and 407.
- One type of optical modulator 405 amplifies the optical power of continuous light demultiplexed by the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 403 in the bidirectional optical amplifier 409, and outputs the amplified power to the optical intensity modulator 411. After inputting and modulating the intensity with the overnight signal to produce modulated light, the light is reflected by the light reflector 413 and passed again through the light intensity modulator 411 and the bidirectional optical amplifier 409. It is.
- optical modulator 407 amplifies the optical power of continuous light demultiplexed by the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 403 in the bidirectional optical amplifier 415, and forms an optical circuit. Is input to an optical loop made by using the optical loop, and the optical intensity modulator 419 arranged in the optical loop modulates the intensity with a data signal to produce modulated light. After that, the light passes through the bidirectional optical amplifier 415 again.
- the light reflector 413 may be a separate product from the light intensity modulator 411, or may be attached to the end face of the light intensity modulator 411. It may be of an integrated configuration.
- the bidirectional amplifiers 409 and 415 used in the configuration of FI G. 4 provide amplification of one wavelength.
- SO A is appropriate because it can be done.
- SOA is used as the bidirectional optical amplifiers 409 and 15
- competition for gain between continuous light and modulated light in a gain saturation region causes signal degradation. That is, continuous light is modulated by the signal pattern of the modulated light inside the optical amplifiers 409 and 415.
- the sum of the output power (or the sum of the input power) from the bidirectional optical amplifiers 409 and 15 for continuous light and modulated light is less than a certain output power (or input power). In this case, it is desirable to use it in the unsaturated region where the gain is kept constant.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an optical modulator including an optical amplifier connected in multiple stages or an optical modulator including the optical amplifier as a bidirectional optical amplifier. It is an object of the present invention to provide an economical optical modulator which achieves a stable amplification function by reducing the influence of reflected light by a device specification design and device configuration in consideration of the influence of reflection passing through the inside of the device.
- a first aspect of the present invention relates to a bidirectional optical amplifier for a reflection type optical modulator including a bidirectional optical amplifier and a multi-wavelength collective optical modulator combining a plurality of such optical modulators.
- a polarization rotation unit is inserted into a reflection-type optical modulator including a bidirectional optical amplifier and a multi-wavelength collective optical modulator in which a plurality of such optical modulators are combined.
- the third aspect of the present invention is to reduce the influence of reflected light by inserting an optical isolator for every other transmission type optical modulator including a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) connected in multiple stages. And at the same time achieve a stable amplification function and cost reduction.
- SOA semiconductor optical amplifier
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional light modulation circuit.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional reflection type optical modulator.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional optical modulation device using a semiconductor optical amplifier.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional optical modulation device using a bidirectional optical amplifier.
- FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating an unsaturated region of the semiconductor optical amplifier.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration conceivable as an optical modulator that realizes high gain amplification by connecting semiconductor optical amplifiers in multiple stages.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a state of reflected light when a plurality of semiconductor optical amplifiers are connected in multiple stages.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the reflected light of the semiconductor optical amplifier.
- FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram showing the appearance of reflected light when two semiconductor optical amplifiers are connected in multiple stages.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the ratio of reflected light to signal light in FIG.
- 11A-11C are block diagrams each showing a configuration of the optical modulation device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 12A to 12C are block diagrams each showing a configuration of an optical modulation device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating characteristics of the optical modulation device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical modulation device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining the direction of the plane of polarization in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical modulation device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the influence of the reflected light is increased by inserting an optical isolator for every other transmission type optical modulation device including a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) connected in multiple stages.
- SOA semiconductor optical amplifier
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating reflected light when a plurality of SOAs are connected in multiple stages.
- one of the SOAs used in order to function as an optical modulator, one of the SOAs used must be used as an optical intensity modulator or an external modulator needs to be inserted.
- all SOAs will simply function as optical amplifiers.
- S n are connected in series by n + 1 optical paths (x 1; x 2 ,..., X n + 1 ) including input and output, and the input and output are
- the side transmission path 301 and the output side transmission path 309 are connected.
- the input / output transmission paths 301 and 309 are reflection points.
- SOA SOA (S ,, S 2 ,..., Si,..., Sn ) has reflection ends at both ends of the element itself, the SOA itself becomes a reflection point.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating reflected light of SOA.
- 3_Rei eighth gain 8 I end face the reflectivity r
- the reflected light power of the SOA is gi 2 r
- the end face reflectivity is doubled. This reflection can occur in both directions for each SOA.
- FI G. 7 the reflection in the same direction as the traveling direction of the signal light
- Re f (0) and ref (n + 1) are the input-side transmission line reflection and the output-side transmission line reflection, respectively, and the other reflections Re f (i) and ref (i) are the semiconductor light Represents the bidirectional reflection of the amplifier S;
- Re f (0), Re f (1), and Re f (2) reflect in the same direction as the signal light travels, and re re (1), ref (2), and ref (3) reflect in the opposite direction.
- Re f (0) and ref (3) are the input-side transmission path reflection and the output-side transmission path reflection, respectively, and are referred to as Re f (1), ref (1), and Re f (2) They are each a reflection of semiconductor optical amplifiers S and S 2.
- reflection is a problem because reflection in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the signal light (first reflection) is followed by reflection in the same direction (second reflection), which interferes with the signal light. This is because the signal light power becomes unstable.
- first reflection reflection in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the signal light
- second reflection reflection in the same direction
- the signal light power becomes unstable.
- FI G. 9 since the gain of SOA is included, the reflected light is amplified by the gain, and the influence becomes larger.
- the ratio of the twice reflected light to the signal light is the square of the reflectance at the reflection point.
- ref (i) is followed by ref (i-2) or ref (i-1)
- the ratio of the twice reflected light to the signal light is For the order of the square of the reflectivity of a point, it increases by the square of the gain of the passing SOA.
- n SOAs are connected in multiple stages, Ref (i—2) and Ref (i—3) following ref (i) ), ..., the reflection of Re f (0) is the ratio of the reflection of Re f (i-1) following ref (i).
- the reflection of Re f (i— 1) following re ⁇ (i) is allowed, and the following Re f (i -2), Re f (i-3),. to prevent reflection of 0), the light path (X ⁇ 2, ⁇ ⁇ , X ;, ⁇ , may be ⁇ the evening light isolator in every respect x n + 1).
- FIGS. 11A-11C are diagrams illustrating the configuration of the optical modulation device according to the first embodiment of the present invention in which optical isolators are inserted every other optical path as described above.
- ⁇ it 0 2 is an optical isolator.
- 1st optical isolator 0 ⁇ input side transmission line and the first SOA Si between said first optical path: is inserted into, the second optical isolator and the second th SOA S 2 and the third It is ⁇ the third optical path x 3 between th SOA S 3.
- the present embodiment is characterized in that an optical isolator is inserted every other optical path.
- MOD light intensity modulator
- the above arrangement relationship between the optical isolator and the light intensity modulator is the same when the number n of S ⁇ A is 2 or when the number n is 4 or more.
- FIGS. 12A to 12C are diagrams illustrating the configuration of an optical modulation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment corresponds to a modification of the first embodiment, the three constituting the optical amplifier SO AS 1; S 2, S insert the optical intensity modulator M during any arbitrary 3 I do.
- optical isolator ⁇ _P ⁇ 2 is not ⁇ is inserted constituting the optical intensity modulator M.
- the first and second S OA S x an example is shown of inserting the optical intensity modulator M in the optical path (optical connecting means) x 2 second between S 2, the third SOA S third and fourth in the optical path x 4 optical intensity modulator M may be ⁇ between the output terminal.
- the continuous light output from the first S OA S E, second SOA 3 2 twice reflected light of the continuous light at the first 3_Rei eight S E interferes By this time, the light intensity modulator M receives two intensity modulations. Therefore, the ratio of the twice reflected light to the signal light is relatively smaller than the case where the light intensity modulator M is not inserted.
- FI G. 12 B shows the configuration of inserting the optical intensity modulator M in section optical isolator ⁇ 2 is inserted.
- the optical intensity modulator M may be inserted in the first optical path.
- FIG-s. As shown in 12 B- 12 C, the order of connection of the optical isolator evening 0 2 and the optical intensity modulator M is optional.
- an electro-absorption type light intensity modulator (EA modulator) can be used.
- EA modulator electro-absorption type light intensity modulator
- the modulation operation at G (bps) or more is difficult because the SOA is used as the light intensity modulator.
- Modulation operation up to about 40G (bps) can be supported.
- the optical modulation device has a device configuration having a bidirectional optical amplifier as shown in FIG. 4 described above, by limiting the numerical value of the gain of the amplifier as described later.
- This is an apparatus capable of reducing the influence of reflected light on the end face of a bidirectional optical amplifier and achieving a stable amplification function.
- the numerical limitation of the amplifier gain according to the present invention will be described.
- reflected light 1 is the modulated light and the other reflected light 2 is the same as the continuous light. Proceed to.
- This continuous light is intensity-modulated to become modulated light, and the reflected light 2 follows the same path as the continuous light, so that the modulated light is eventually given reflected light 1 and reflected light 2.
- the modulated light interferes with the same polarization direction components of the reflected light 1 and the reflected light 2, and intensity fluctuation occurs as beat noise.
- a method for quantitatively showing the influence of the reflected light 1 and the reflected light 2 on the modulated light will be described.
- the mark ratio of the transmitted signal is 1Z2. (If marks or spaces are continuous in the data signal sequence, it is difficult to extract a cook signal when receiving the signal. Therefore, usually, a scramble in SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy) is used. ), 8G-10B (bel) conversion in gigabit ether, etc., to make the mark ratio almost 1 Z2.)
- the mark ratio of the transmitted signal is 1 to 2
- the mark level power of the modulated light output from the optical modulator and the mark level power of the reflected light 2 are 2 g 2 x and 4 g 2 , respectively. x 2 r '.
- the probability that the modulated light and the reflected light 2 become a mark at the same time is 1Z2, so that the influence of the reflected light 2 is reduced by half. Therefore, the power ratio between the modulated light and the totally reflected light at the time of the modulated light mark is:
- Equation (2) takes the maximum value at 2 g (3). That is, at this time, the influence of the reflected light can be minimized.
- the mark-side optical electric field of the modulated light is E Q exp [(a ⁇ + A)], and the mark-side optical electric field of the reflected light 1 is
- the first term is the modulated light itself, and the second and subsequent terms are noise.
- the first to sixth terms are the modulated light power, the beat of modulated light and reflected light 1 and the beat of modulated light and reflected light 2 when the modulated light and reflected light are all on the mark side, respectively. (Interference), reflected light 1 power, reflected light 2 power, and the beat (interference) between reflected light 1 and reflected light 2.
- the fourth and sixth terms can be ignored because the reflected light is smaller than the modulated light.
- the following is defined as the normalized beat noise part, taking into account the effects of the second and third terms.
- Beat noise in the case where a plurality of reflection points are involved can be treated as a Gaussian distribution indicating a value represented by equation (7) as a variance. Conversely, if the number of reflection points is small, the beat noise will be overestimated.
- the reflected light 1 and the reflected light 2 from both end faces of the bidirectional optical amplifiers 409 and 415 are considered as the reflected light.
- the bidirectional optical amplifiers 409 and 4 In addition to the reflection at the end surface of Fig. 15, there are also input / output end reflections of various optical devices inserted into the system and reflections from optical connectors, and the reflected light from these reflection points is also a bidirectional optical amplifier.
- the effect cannot be neglected depending on their reflectivity.
- the end face reflectivity r used in the discussion so far is regarded as the sum of the reflectivities from the reflection points other than the end face reflection, the variance value given by Equation (7) is used. It can be said that the estimation of the effect of the reflected light is appropriate.
- bidirectional optical amplification When only the reflection from both end faces of the detectors 409 and 415 is dominant, the above estimation may be regarded as the worst design.
- FIG. 13 shows a calculation result using the above equation (8).
- the abscissa indicates the modulation unit loss (L) [dB]
- the ordinate indicates the Q value [dB] on the left and the optical modulator gain [dB] on the right.
- the optical modulator gain is 2 G— (L-3.0) [dB], which does not consider the 3 dB modulation loss in the modulators (optical intensity modulators) 411 and 419, and the 3 dB modulation loss. Both 2G-L [dB] to be considered are illustrated.
- the Q value here is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the modulated light proposed in IEEE Photon. Techno 1. Lett. Vol. 5, no.3, pp. 304-306. ) Is an evaluation parameter that defines
- the continuous optical power input to the optical modulators 405 and 407 is 6 dBm
- the bidirectional optical amplifier gain G 10 [dB]
- the bidirectional optical amplifier noise figure is 7 dB
- the bidirectional optical amplifier The overall reflectivity was set to 22 dB, and modulated light was received by direct photoelectric conversion without receiving the optical preamplifier.
- the modulation factor loss L l l. 5 [dB]
- the Q value takes the maximum value
- the curve representing the value is symmetric about the value.
- the ranges of ( ⁇ ), ( ⁇ ), (r)> ( ⁇ ) are as follows, respectively.
- Area (6) is as described above.
- the upper limit of L in the regions (H) and ( ⁇ ) indicates that the optical modulation gain is 0 [dB] or more. Further, the value of the modulation section loss L is inevitably determined because the Q value curve is symmetrical as described above.
- the modulation unit loss L can be adjusted to reflect light with respect to the modulated light while maintaining the gain in an arbitrary range (for example, ( ⁇ ), (a), (6)) between the regions of ( ⁇ ).
- the light ratio can be kept low.
- FIG. 14 shows a configuration of an optical modulator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical modulator of this embodiment reduces the influence of the reflected light on the end face of the bidirectional optical amplifier by introducing the polarization rotation means, and realizes a stable amplification function.
- this device consists of a polarization separator 501 that separates the input multi-wavelength light and the output modulated light by different polarization planes, and demultiplexes the multi-wavelength light for each predetermined wavelength.
- Wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 502 a bidirectional optical amplifier 503 that bidirectionally amplifies the power of each demultiplexed single-wavelength light, and a polarization device that bidirectionally rotates the polarization plane of the single-wavelength light.
- Wave rotating means 504 an optical intensity modulator 505 for bidirectionally modulating the intensity of the single-wavelength light, and a modulated single-wavelength light output from the optical intensity modulator 505 again for a bidirectional optical amplifier.
- a polarization beam splitter (PBS: Polarization Beam Splitter), which is generally used, may be used as the polarization splitter 501.
- the output light may be converted into an optical beam or an optical beam.
- the output may be output from the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 502 via a hologram, and only light having a 90-degree polarization shift from the input light may be extracted using a polarizer.
- an AWG can be used as the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 502 as the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 502.
- AWG In the AWG, light incident from a certain input waveguide is output from a different output waveguide according to the wavelength.
- the AWG is reversible and can combine light of multiple wavelengths into one output waveguide.
- S ⁇ A can be used as the bidirectional optical amplifier 503.
- SOA is an optical amplifier that amplifies light that travels through an active layer in a semiconductor by stimulated emission by reducing the end face of the cavity of the semiconductor laser.
- an optical fiber amplifier such as an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) can be considered.
- EDFA erbium-doped fiber amplifier
- a polarization rotation means 504 is disposed between the bidirectional optical amplifier 503 and the light intensity modulator 505.
- the polarization rotation means 504 includes a 1/4 wavelength plate.
- a Faraday element or the like can be applied.
- a Faraday mirror in which a reflecting mirror is attached to one output end of the Faraday element may be used.
- the light intensity modulator 505 for example, a Mach-Zehnder type light intensity modulator, an electro-absorption type light intensity modulator (EA modulator) or the like can be applied, and has a function of modulating the intensity of a single wavelength light with a data signal.
- EA modulator electro-absorption type light intensity modulator
- intensity modulation by a modulation signal of the order of 40 G (bps) is possible at a practical level.
- the light reflector 507 for example, a mirror coated with a metal film, a mirror coated with a dielectric multilayer film, or the like can be used.
- a diffraction grating for a specific wavelength
- a fiber Bragg grating for a specific wavelength
- an optical reflector for a specific wavelength
- an optical reflector in which a diffraction grating (grating) is directly written in an optical waveguide may be used.
- One output port of the polarization splitter 501 is optically connected to the input waveguide of the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 502 by a spatial optical system or an optical waveguide.
- the output waveguide of the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 502 is optically connected to one port of the bidirectional optical amplifier 503 by a spatial optical system or an optical waveguide, respectively.
- the other port of the bidirectional optical amplifier 503 is optically connected to one port of the polarization rotation means 504 by a spatial optical system or an optical waveguide.
- the other port of the polarization rotation means 504 is Similarly, it is optically connected to one port of the light intensity modulator 505 by a spatial optical system or an optical waveguide.
- the other port of the light intensity modulator 505 is also optically connected to the light reflector 507 by a spatial optical system or an optical waveguide.
- the input of the light intensity modulator 505 and the output of the modulated light are separated by the polarization separator 501, but a 1Z4 wave plate is used as the polarization rotation means 504, for example.
- the angles of the polarization planes of the input light and the output light are shifted by 90 degrees, so if only a specific polarization of the output light is cut out by the polarization separator 501, the input light and the output light will be different. Can be separated.
- the multi-wavelength light input from the input waveguide of the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 502 is demultiplexed for each wavelength by the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 502, and one demultiplexed single wavelength light is
- the corresponding one-way bidirectional optical amplifier 503 is led to amplify its power.
- the sum of the output power (horizontal axis) from the bidirectional optical amplifier 503 for continuous light and modulated light (or the sum of the input power) is equal to a certain output power (or input power). Power
- the continuous light (single-wavelength light) whose power has been amplified in each bidirectional optical amplifier 503 is input to the corresponding polarization rotation means 504.
- the continuous light has its polarization plane rotated by 45 degrees and is input to the light intensity modulator 505, where it is modulated by a modulation signal (data signal). The intensity is modulated.
- the modulated single-wavelength light is output from the light reflector side port of the light intensity modulator 505, and is input to the light reflector 507.
- the modulated light reflected by the light reflector 507 passes through the light intensity modulator 505 again, and is input to the polarization rotation means 504.
- the polarization direction of the modulated light is further rotated by 45 degrees in the polarization rotation means 504, input to the bidirectional optical amplifier 503, and the optical power is amplified again by the bidirectional optical amplifier 503. . Since the output modulated light of the bidirectional optical amplifier 503 has a polarization plane shifted by 90 degrees from the input light, the input light and the output light can be separated by the polarization splitter 501. . Accordingly, the output modulated light output from the bidirectional optical amplifier 503 is multiplexed by the wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer 502 and then output from the polarization splitter 501. Output to the outside of the device.
- reflected light 1 and reflected light 2 there are two types of reflected light during bidirectional transmission (reflected light 1 and reflected light 2), and reflected light 1 is in the same direction as modulated light and reflected light 2 is in the same direction as continuous light. move on.
- This continuous light is intensity-modulated to become modulated light, and the reflected light 2 follows the same path as the continuous light, so that the polarization planes of the reflected lights 1, 2, continuous light, and modulated light are in the same direction as in the conventional example.
- the reflected light 1 and the reflected light 2 are given to the modulated light, and as a result, the modulated light interferes with the same polarization direction component of the reflected light 1 and the reflected light 2, and intensity fluctuation occurs as beat noise.
- the polarization rotation means 504 as shown by an arrow surrounded by a circle representing the direction of the polarization plane in FIG.
- the reflected light 1 and the reflected light 2 are orthogonal to the polarization direction of continuous light or modulated light traveling in the same direction. Since the reflected light 1 has a polarization direction orthogonal to that of the modulated light, it is separated at the output by the polarization splitter 501.
- the reflected light 2 has a polarization direction orthogonal to the continuous light, and the polarization relationship is maintained even after the intensity is modulated and becomes modulated light. 0 Separated at 1. As a result, intensity fluctuations due to interference of both lights can be eliminated.
- the output from the polarization rotation unit 504 is reflected by the optical reflector 507, and again the polarization rotation unit 504 to the route to come Modotsu, since the polarization plane of light is the same in both directions, as the light intensity modulator 5 0 5, a single input, such as L i N b O s Mahhatsuengu type optical intensity modulator It is possible to use an optical intensity modulator capable of modulating only the power polarization.
- FIG. 16 shows the configuration of an optical modulator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the device according to the fifth embodiment has a single polarization only before or after the light intensity modulator 505 of the multi-wavelength collective optical modulator in the above-described fourth embodiment (inserted in this figure).
- a polarizer 506 that can pass light is inserted.
- Other configurations are the same as in the fourth embodiment. The detailed description is omitted.
- the polarization extinction ratio between two orthogonal polarizations is significantly deteriorated.
- the output from the polarization rotation means 504 is reflected by the optical reflector 507, and returns to the polarization rotation means 504 again on the path. Since the polarization plane of light is the same in both directions, the polarizer 506 can be inserted in the optical path. By introducing the polarizer 506, the deteriorated polarization extinction ratio can be recovered.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/534,310 US7336414B2 (en) | 2003-06-19 | 2004-06-16 | Optical modulating device |
EP04746231A EP1635211B1 (en) | 2003-06-19 | 2004-06-16 | Optical modulation apparatus |
JP2005505047A JP3850866B2 (ja) | 2003-06-19 | 2004-06-16 | 光変調装置 |
US11/674,576 US7474460B2 (en) | 2003-06-19 | 2007-02-13 | Optical modulation apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003174491 | 2003-06-19 | ||
JP2003-174499 | 2003-06-19 | ||
JP2003174499 | 2003-06-19 | ||
JP2003-195735 | 2003-07-11 | ||
JP2003195735 | 2003-07-11 | ||
JP2003-174491 | 2003-09-16 |
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US10534310 A-371-Of-International | 2004-06-16 | ||
US11/674,576 Division US7474460B2 (en) | 2003-06-19 | 2007-02-13 | Optical modulation apparatus |
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WO2004113998A1 true WO2004113998A1 (ja) | 2004-12-29 |
Family
ID=33545087
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PCT/JP2004/008762 WO2004113998A1 (ja) | 2003-06-19 | 2004-06-16 | 光変調装置 |
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US (2) | US7336414B2 (ja) |
EP (3) | EP2253992B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3850866B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004113998A1 (ja) |
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JP2018032824A (ja) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-01 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 光パルス信号生成装置、レーザ加工装置及びバイオイメージング装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1635211A4 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
EP2253992A3 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
EP2253991A3 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
EP2253991B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
EP2253991A2 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
EP2253992B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
US20070127113A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
US7474460B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
EP2253992A2 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
US20060024066A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
JP3850866B2 (ja) | 2006-11-29 |
EP1635211B1 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
JPWO2004113998A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
US7336414B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
EP1635211A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
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