WO2004036726A1 - 直流変換装置 - Google Patents
直流変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004036726A1 WO2004036726A1 PCT/JP2003/013411 JP0313411W WO2004036726A1 WO 2004036726 A1 WO2004036726 A1 WO 2004036726A1 JP 0313411 W JP0313411 W JP 0313411W WO 2004036726 A1 WO2004036726 A1 WO 2004036726A1
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- switch
- transformer
- converter according
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- power supply
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 262
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001417534 Lutjanidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 43
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 27
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 9
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- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/16—Means for providing current step on switching, e.g. with saturable reactor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-efficiency, compact, low-noise DC converter.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a conventional DC converter of this type.
- a main switch Q1 including a MOSFET hereinafter referred to as an FET
- a primary winding 5a turns nl
- a parallel circuit including a resistor R2 and a snubber capacitor C2 and a diode D3 connected in series to the parallel circuit are connected to both ends of the primary winding 5a.
- the main switch Q 1 is turned on / off by the PWM control of the control circuit 100.
- the primary winding 5a of the transformer T and the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T are wound so that an in-phase voltage is generated therebetween, and the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T (number of turns) n 2) is connected to a rectifying and smoothing circuit composed of diodes Dl and D2, reactor L1 and capacitor C4.
- This rectifying and smoothing circuit rectifies and smoothes the voltage (pulse voltage controlled on / off) in the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T, and outputs a DC output to the load RL.
- the control circuit 100 has an operational amplifier and a photo power blur (not shown) .
- the operational amplifier compares the output voltage of the load RL with the reference voltage, and when the output voltage of the load RL becomes higher than the reference voltage, Control is performed so as to reduce the ON width of the pulse applied to the main switch Q1. That is, when the output voltage of the load RL becomes equal to or higher than the reference voltage, the output voltage is controlled to a constant voltage by reducing the ON width of the pulse of the main switch Q1.
- FIG. 2 shows a voltage Q1 v across the main switch Q1, a current Q1 i flowing through the main switch Q1, and a Q1 control signal for controlling the main switch Q1 to be turned on / off.
- the main switch Q1 is turned on by the Q1 control signal, and a current Qli flows from the DC power supply Vdc1 to the main switch Q1 via the primary winding 5a of the transformer T.
- This current linearly increases with time until time t32.
- the current n 1 i flowing through the primary winding 5 a is the same as the current Q 1 i until time t 32. Increases linearly with the passage of time.
- the main switch Q1 is changed from the on state to the off state by the Q1 control signal.
- the excitation energy of the leakage inductor Lg (the inductance not coupled to the secondary winding 5b) is equal to the secondary winding. Since it is not transmitted on line 5b, it is stored in the snapper capacitor C2 via the diode D3.
- a switching noise can be reduced by inserting a snubber circuit (C 2, R 2) and making the temporal change of the voltage of the main switch Q 1 slow.
- the surge voltage to the main switch Q1 due to the leakage inductor Lg of the transformer T can be suppressed. Disclosure of the invention
- the transformer exciting current flowing through the primary winding 5a of the transformer T increases linearly with a positive value when the main switch Q1 is on, and turns off when the main switch Q1 is off. Sometimes it decreases linearly to zero. That is, as shown in Fig. 3, since the magnetic flux of the transformer T uses only the first quadrant of the B-H force ( ⁇ '), the core utilization of the transformer ⁇ ⁇ is low and the transformer ⁇ is large. Had been transformed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a DC converter capable of miniaturizing a transformer and performing zero voltage switching of a switch, and having a small size, high efficiency, and low noise.
- a DC converter is connected to a DC power supply in parallel.
- a first series circuit in which the primary winding of the transformer and the first switch are connected in series, a saturable reactor connected in parallel to the primary winding of the transformer, and the first series circuit.
- a first recirculation circuit connected to recirculate the energy stored in the saturable reactor, wherein a second switch and a snubber capacitor are connected in series; and A rectifying / smoothing circuit connected in series with the rectifying element and the smoothing element; and a control circuit for turning on and off the first switch and the second switch alternately.
- the DC converter further stores power when the first switch is on, and stores the power when the first switch is off.
- the first switch of the first series circuit is connected to the primary winding via a third reactor.
- a second return circuit connected to a line, connected to the transformer, and configured to return energy stored in the third reactor to a secondary side of the transformer.
- the DC converter further stores power when the first switch is on, and stores the power when the first switch is off.
- the power supply further includes a power supply source for supplying to a snubber capacitor, the first return circuit is connected in parallel to either the first switch or the primary winding, and the rectifying smoothing circuit is connected to the rectifying element via the rectifying element.
- a second reactor connected in parallel to a secondary winding of the transformer, and a fourth reactor connected between the rectifier and the smoothing element. When the current of the two switches increases, the second switch is turned off.
- the DC converter stores power when the first switch is on, and stores the power when the first switch is off.
- the device further includes a power supply source that supplies the snubber capacitor, wherein the first return circuit is connected in parallel to either the first switch or the primary winding, and the rectifying smoothing circuit includes A fourth reactor connected between the secondary winding of the transformer, and a control terminal connected in parallel with the rectifying element and a control terminal connected to the other end of the secondary winding; The third switch and the third switch, a fourth switch connected in parallel to a series circuit of the secondary winding, and a control terminal connected to one end of the secondary winding.
- a second rectifier element connected in parallel to a secondary winding of the transformer via a switch, wherein the control circuit turns off the second switch when the current of the second switch increases.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a conventional DC converter.
- FIG. 2 is a timing chart of signals in various parts of the conventional DC converter.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing BH characteristics of a transformer provided in a conventional DC converter.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart of an exciting current of a transformer provided in a conventional DC converter.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram illustrating the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a transformer provided in the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart of signals in each section of the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing details of signals at various parts when the switch Q1 of the DC converter according to the first embodiment is turned on.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating BH characteristics of a transformer provided in the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart of the current of the saturable reactor provided in the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit configuration diagram illustrating a first example of the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a first modified example of the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a second modified example of the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the DC converter according to the third embodiment. You.
- FIG. 17 is a timing chart of a signal in each section of the DC converter according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a timing chart of signals in each unit when the input voltage is high in the DC converter according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a timing chart of signals in each section of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a timing chart showing details of signals at various parts when the switch Q1 of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment is turned on.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a first modified example of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a second modified example of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a structural diagram of a transformer provided in the DC converter according to the third and fifth embodiments.
- FIG. 26 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a timing chart of a signal in each part of the DC converter according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a timing chart of signals in respective units of the DC converter according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 30 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a timing chart of signals in each section of the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a timing chart showing details of signals at various parts when the switch Q1 of the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment is turned on.
- FIG. 33 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a first example of the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 34 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a first modified example of the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 35 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a second modified example of the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 36 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 37 is a timing chart of signals in respective units of the DC converter according to the ninth embodiment.
- the DC converter according to the first embodiment supplies power directly to the load via the secondary winding of the transformer when the main switch is turned on, and supplies the power to the primary winding of the transformer when the main switch is turned off.
- the first and third quadrants of the B-H curve of the transformer core are used, and the shortage of excitation energy is compensated from the power supply source.
- a rectifying / smoothing circuit including a diode D1 and a capacitor C4 is provided on the secondary side of the transformer T.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram of the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- a DC power supply Vdc1 are connected to a primary winding 5a (turns nl) of a transformer T and a switch Q1 (first switch) as a main switch composed of an FET.
- Series circuit (first series circuit) is connected.
- a diode D3 and a resonance capacitor C1 are connected in parallel to both ends of the switch Q1.
- a connection point between one end of the primary winding 5a of the transformer T and one end of the switch Q1 is connected to one end of a switch Q2 (second switch) as an auxiliary switch composed of an FET.
- the other end is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply V dc1 via the snubber capacitor C3.
- the series circuit of the snubber capacitor C3 and the switch Q2 forms a first freewheeling circuit.
- the other end of the switch Q2 may be connected to the negative electrode of the DC power supply Vdel via the snubber capacitor C3.
- a power supply source Idc1 which is a current source that supplies the power stored when the switch Q1 is off to the snubber capacitor C3.
- Diode D 4 is connected in parallel to both ends of switch Q 2.
- the switches Q 1 and Q 2 are turned on / off alternately by the PWM control of the control circuit 10, but have a period (dead time) in which both are turned off.
- a saturable reactor SL1 is connected in parallel to the primary winding 5a of the transformer T.
- the magnetic flux is not completely symmetric, and the first quadrant is dominant. Also, since it is necessary to discharge the capacitor C1 in a short time to reduce the voltage to zero, the exciting current of the saturable reactor SL1 or the transformer T is reduced to increase the exciting current.
- the magnetic flux B saturates at a constant positive magnetic field H at Bm
- the magnetic flux B saturates at a constant negative magnetic field H at ⁇ Bm.
- the magnetic field H is generated in proportion to the magnitude of the current i.
- the magnetic flux ⁇ moves in the order of B a ⁇ Bb ⁇ B c ⁇ Bd ⁇ B e ⁇ B f ⁇ Bg on the ⁇ -force, and the operating range of the magnetic flux is wide. .
- the core of the transformer T is wound with a primary winding 5a and a secondary winding 5b (number of turns n2) in phase with the winding, and one end of the secondary winding 5b is a diode.
- the force source of diode D1 and the other end of secondary winding 5b are connected to capacitor C4.
- a rectifying / smoothing circuit is composed of the diode D1 and the capacitor C4. This capacitor C 4 smoothes the rectified voltage of the diode D 1 and outputs a DC output to the load R.
- the control circuit 10 alternately turns on / off the switch Q1 and the switch Q2, and narrows the ON width of the pulse applied to the switch Q1 when the output voltage of the load RL becomes higher than the reference voltage. Then, control is performed so as to increase the ON width of the pulse applied to the switch Q2. That is, when the output voltage of the load RL becomes equal to or higher than the reference voltage, the output voltage is controlled to a constant voltage by reducing the ON width of the pulse of the switch Q1. Has become.
- the control circuit 10 turns off the switch Q2 at the time when the current Q2i of the switch Q2 increases, and then turns on the switch Q1.
- the control circuit 10 turns on the switch Q1
- the voltage of the switch Q1 is controlled by the resonance between the resonance capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the switch Q1 and the saturation inductance of the saturable reactor SL1.
- the switch Q1 is turned on within a predetermined period from the time when the voltage becomes zero.
- FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a transformer provided in the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- the transformer shown in FIG. 6 includes a core 20 having a rectangular outer shape, and the core 20 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the magnetic path so as to form the magnetic paths 21 a, 21 b, and 21 c. Elongated gaps 22a and 22b are formed.
- a primary winding 5a and a secondary winding 5b are wound around a core portion 20a of the core 20. In order to obtain a leakage inductor, the primary winding 5a and the secondary winding 5b are divided winding.
- two recesses 20b are formed on the outer peripheral core at a position facing a portion between the primary winding 5a and the secondary winding 5b. Due to the concave portion 20b, the cross-sectional area of a part of the magnetic paths 21b and 21c of the outer peripheral core becomes smaller than that of the other part, and only that part is magnetically saturated. As a result, it is possible to reduce the core loss when the saturated primary winding 5a is also used as the saturable reactor SL1.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart of signals in each section of the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing details of signals at various parts when the switch Q1 of the DC converter according to the first embodiment is turned on.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating BH characteristics of a transformer provided in the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart of the current of the saturable reactor provided in the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- the current SL 1 i has a current value a (negative value) at time t 1, a current value b (negative value) at time tib, a current value c (zero) at time t 13, At time t 2, the current value d (positive value) changes.
- the magnetic flux changes from Ba to Bb to Bc to Bd.
- the operating range ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ of the magnetic flux according to the method of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 9, and the BH force has a saturation region Hs. It should be noted that B a to B g shown in FIG. 9 and a to g shown in FIG. 10 correspond to time.
- the energy from the power supply source Idc1 is supplied to the capacitor C3, and the capacitor C3 is charged. That is, the energy from the power supply source Idc1 and the energy from the saturable reactor SL1 are added to the capacitor C3. Then, when the release of the energy of the saturable reactor SL1 and the release of the energy from the power supply source Idc1 are completed, the charging of the capacitor C3 stops.
- the energy stored in the capacitor C3 flows from C3 to Q2 to SL1-C3, resetting the magnetic flux of the saturable reactor SL1.
- the magnetic flux also changes in the transformer T connected in parallel with the saturable reactor frame SL1.
- the energy stored in the capacitor C3 is fed back to the saturable reactor SL1, so that it flows to the saturable reactor SL1.
- the current SLI i becomes a negative value as shown in FIG. That is, the current SL 1 i, at the time t 2 0 to the time t 2 a, changes from the current value e (zero) to a current value f (negative value).
- the magnetic flux changes from Be to Bf.
- the area S from time t2 to time t20 is equal to the area S from time t20 to time t2a. This area S corresponds to the energy of the saturable reactor SL 1 stored in the capacitor C 3.
- the current SL 11 changes from the current value f (negative value) to the current value g (negative value) at time t2a to time t3.
- the magnetic flux is in the saturation region.
- H S is transformed into B f ⁇ B g.
- the area from time t2a to time t3 corresponds to the energy of the power supply source Idc1 stored in the capacitor C3.
- the current SL1i Since the magnetic flux increases by the amount of energy supplied from I dc 1, the magnetic flux moves to the third quadrant, reaches the saturation region (B f _ B g), the current SL 1 i increases, and time t 3 (time t 3 1 is the same).
- the current SL1i increases just before the end of the ON period of the switch Q2, and is a current at the time when the saturable reactor SL1 is saturated.
- the current Q2i of the switch Q2 also becomes maximum.
- the switch Q2 when the switch Q2 is turned off, the discharge of the capacitor C1 becomes sharp and becomes zero in a short time.
- the switch Q1 by turning on the switch Q1, the switch Q1 can achieve the zero voltage switch.
- FIG. 11 is a detailed circuit configuration diagram showing the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- the power supply source Idc1 is configured by a series circuit (second series circuit) of a reactor (first reactor) L2 and a diode D6.
- the switch Q1 when the switch Q1 is turned on, energy is stored in the reactor L2, and when the switch Q1 is turned off, the energy stored in the reactor L2 is supplied to the capacitor C3.
- the power supply Idc1 shown in Fig. 11 is suitable for light load.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a first modified example of the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- the power supply source I dc 1 is configured by a reactor (second reactor) L 3 connected in series to the primary winding 5 a of the transformer. It is.
- the switch Q1 when the switch Q1 is turned on, a current flows through the reactor L3 and stores energy in the reactor 3. When the switch Q1 is turned off, this energy is released in L3 ⁇ T ⁇ D4 ⁇ C3 ⁇ L3, and part of the energy is loaded through the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T. Supplied to RL and charges capacitor C3.
- the power supply source Idc1 shown in Fig. 12 is suitable for heavy load.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a second modified example of the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- the reactor L 2 and the diode D 6 which are the power supply source I dc 1 shown in FIG. 11 and the reactor L 3 which is the power supply source I dc 1 shown in FIG. It is possible to cope with light load or heavy load.
- the reactor L3 can be replaced by a leakage inductor of the transformer T. Further, the saturable reactor SL 1 can also be substituted by the excitation inductance of the transformer T by using a core having good saturation characteristics as shown in FIG.
- this circuit can control the output voltage by setting the switching frequency to a fixed frequency and performing PWM control, and can easily respond to broadcast interference and the like. As described above, according to the present embodiment, zero voltage switching can be achieved, the rise and fall of the voltage are made gentle by the resonance action, and a DC converter with low noise and high efficiency can be provided.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to the second embodiment.
- the DC converter according to the second embodiment is characterized in that a secondary winding 5b and a tertiary winding 5c are provided on the secondary side of a transformer T to provide two outputs. Note that three or more windings may be provided on the secondary side of the transformer T to provide three or more outputs. Here, only two outputs will be described.
- the DC converter according to this embodiment has the configuration of the DC converter shown in FIG. 12, and further includes a tertiary winding 5 c wound around the core of the transformer T, a diode D 2, and a capacitor. C 2 and load RL 2 are provided.
- the tertiary winding 5c is wound in the same phase as the secondary winding 5b.
- One end of the tertiary winding 5c is connected to the anode of the diode D2, and the diode
- the force sword of D2 and the other end of the third winding 5c are connected to a capacitor C2.
- Diode D 2 and capacitor C 2 constitute a rectifying and smoothing circuit. This capacitor C 2 smoothes the rectified voltage of the diode D 2 and outputs a DC output to the load RL 2.
- the primary winding 5a and the secondary winding 5b are loosely coupled, and the primary winding 5a and the tertiary winding 5c are loosely coupled.
- loose coupling can be achieved by further separating the windings.
- Secondary winding 5b and tertiary winding 5c are tightly coupled.
- close coupling can be achieved by bringing the windings closer to each other.
- the control circuit 10 turns on and off the switches Q1 and Q2 alternately, and turns on the pulse applied to the switch Q1 when the output voltage of the load RL1 exceeds the reference voltage. Control is performed so as to reduce the width and increase the ON width of the pulse applied to switch Q2. That is, when the output voltage of the load RL1 becomes equal to or higher than the reference voltage, each output voltage is controlled to a constant voltage by reducing the ON width of the pulse of the switch Q1.
- the primary circuit of the transformer T has the same configuration as that of the first modified example of the first embodiment, and the power supply source I dcl is a reactor connected in series to the primary winding 5a of the transformer T. It is composed of L3.
- the voltage from the secondary winding 5 can be rectified and smoothed by the diode D 1 and the capacitor C 4 to supply DC power to the load RL 1
- the voltage from the tertiary winding 5c can be rectified and smoothed by the diode D2 and the capacitor C2 to supply DC power to the load RL2.
- the leakage inductor on the primary side is large, and the secondary winding 5b and the tertiary winding 5c are different from each other. Due to the tight coupling, the leakage inductor on the secondary side is small. For this reason, the output on the secondary side (the output on the secondary winding side and the output on the tertiary winding side) has less fluctuation with respect to light and heavy loads, and the load fluctuation characteristics are improved. That is, the cross regulation on the secondary side is improved. In addition, since the cross-regulation of multiple outputs is good, the auxiliary regulator can be omitted, and the circuit can be simplified.
- the DC converter shown in FIG. 14 is connected to the secondary circuit (secondary winding 513, diodes Dl and D2, reactor Ll) of the DC converter shown in FIG.
- a DC converter (not shown) with the same secondary circuit (tertiary winding 5c, diodes D3 and D4, reactor L2, capacitor C2) as the same configuration as the capacitor C4) is also possible. is there.
- reactors LI and L2 are large, there is a method of winding reactors LI and L2 on the same core, but the cross regulation on the secondary side deteriorates. It is difficult to match the turns ratio between the secondary winding 5b and the reactor L1 and the turns ratio between the tertiary winding 5c and the reactor L2 because the number of turns is small.
- the reactor L 1 and the reactor 2 are not used, the leakage inductance on the secondary side is small, and the leakage inductance between the primary side j and the secondary side is large. Therefore, the cross regulation on the secondary side is improved and the circuit can be simplified.
- a normally-off type MOS FET or the like was used as a switch.
- This normally-off type switch is a switch that is turned off when the power is turned off.
- normally-on type switches such as SIT (static induction transistor) are switches that are turned on when the power is off.
- SIT static induction transistor
- This normally-on type switch has high switching speed and low on-resistance, and is ideal for use in power converters such as switching power supplies.It is expected to reduce switching loss and further improve efficiency. it can.
- a normally-on type switching element when the power is turned on, the switch is in an on state, so that the switch is short-circuited. For this reason, the normally-on-switch cannot be activated and cannot be used for any other purpose.
- the DC converter according to the third embodiment has the configuration of the DC converter according to the first embodiment, and uses a normally-on type switch for the switch Q1.
- the voltage due to the voltage drop of the inrush current limiting resistor inserted for the purpose of reducing the inrush current of the input smoothing capacitor is used as the reverse bias voltage of the normally-on type switch, and the problem at the time of power on is solved. It is characterized by adding a configuration to eliminate it.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to the third embodiment.
- the DC converter shown in FIG. 15 has the configuration of the DC converter according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 11, and also converts the AC voltage input from the AC power supply V ac 1 into a full-wave rectifier circuit (input Rectifier circuit) This rectifies the voltage at B1 and converts the obtained voltage to another DC voltage and outputs it.
- the output between one output terminal P1 and the other output terminal P2 of the full-wave rectifier circuit B1 Between the input flat A series circuit consisting of a smoothing capacitor C5 and an inrush current limiting resistor R1 is connected.
- the AC power supply V ac 1 and the full-wave rectifier circuit B 1 correspond to the DC power supply V dc 1 shown in FIG.
- a normally-on type switch Q 1 n such as SIT is connected to one output terminal P 1 of the full-wave rectifier circuit B 1 via a primary winding 5 a of a transformer T, and the switch Q 1 n is controlled by Circuit 11 Turns on / off by PWM control.
- the switch Q2 other than the switch QIn is a normally-off type switch.
- a switch S1 is connected to both ends of the inrush current limiting resistor R1.
- the switch S 1 is a semiconductor switch such as a normally-off type MOS FET, BJT (bipolar junction transistor), and is turned on by a short-circuit signal from the control circuit 11.
- a start-up power supply unit 12 including a capacitor C6, a resistor R2, and a diode D5 is connected.
- the start-up power supply section 12 takes out the voltage generated across the inrush current limiting resistor R1 and performs control to use the voltage across the capacitor C6 as the reverse bias voltage to the gate of the switch Q1n. Output to terminal a of circuit 11. Also, the charging voltage charged in the input smoothing capacitor C5 is supplied to the control circuit 11.
- control circuit 11 When the AC power supply V ac 1 is turned on, the control circuit 11 is activated by the voltage supplied from the capacitor C 6, and outputs a reverse bias voltage from the terminal b to the gate of the switch QIn as a control signal. Turn off 1 n.
- This control signal is, for example,
- switch Q 1 n is turned off by voltage of 15 V, and switch Q 1 n is turned on by voltage of 0 V.
- the control circuit 11 After the charging of the input smoothing capacitor C5 is completed, the control circuit 11 outputs a pulse signal of 0 V and 15 V from the terminal b to the gate of the switch Q1n as a control signal, and the switch Q1 The switching operation of n is performed. After performing the switching operation of the switch Q1n, the control circuit 11 outputs a short-circuit signal to the gate of the switch S1 after a predetermined time has elapsed, and turns on the switch S1.
- auxiliary winding 5 d (turns n 4) provided on the transformer T is connected to the switch Q
- auxiliary winding 5 d is connected to one end of the capacitor C 7 and one end of the capacitor C 7, the other end of the auxiliary winding 5 d is connected to the force source of the diode D 7, and the anode of the diode D 7 is connected to the capacitor C 7 Of the control circuit 11 and the terminal c of the control circuit 11.
- the auxiliary winding 5 d, the diode D 7 and the capacitor C 7 constitute a normal operation power supply section 13.
- the source unit 13 supplies the voltage generated in the auxiliary winding 5d to the control circuit 11 via the diode D7 and the capacitor C7.
- V ac 1 indicates the AC voltage of the AC power supply V ac 1
- the input current indicates the current flowing through the AC power supply V ac 1
- R 1 V indicates the inrush current limiting resistance R 1.
- C 5 V indicates the voltage of the input smoothing capacitor C 5
- C 6 V indicates the voltage of the capacitor C 6
- the output voltage indicates the voltage of the capacitor C 4
- the control signal is 2 shows signals output from the terminal b of the control circuit 11 to the gate of the switch Qln.
- the voltage generated in the inrush current limiting resistor R1 is stored in the capacitor C6 via the diode D5 and the resistor R2 (2 in Fig. 16).
- the terminal ⁇ side of the capacitor C 6 has a zero potential, for example, and the terminal g side of the capacitor C 6 has a negative potential, for example. Therefore, the voltage of the capacitor C6 is a negative voltage (as shown in FIG. 17).
- the negative voltage of the capacitor C6 is supplied to the control circuit 11 via the terminal a.
- the control circuit 11 controls the terminal 15b by controlling the voltage of 15V from the terminal b.
- the signal is output to the gate of switch Q ln (3 in Figure 16). Thus, the switch Qln is turned off.
- the input smoothing capacitor C 5 is charged by the voltage from the full-wave rectifier circuit B 1 (4 in FIG. 16), and the voltage of the input smoothing capacitor C 5 increases, and the input smoothing capacitor C 5 is increased. Charging is completed.
- the control circuit 11 starts the switching operation.
- a 0 V control signal is output from the terminal b to the gate of the switch Qln ((in Fig. 16).
- the switch Q1n is turned on, so that a current flows from one output terminal P1 of the full-wave rectifier circuit B1 to the switch Qln via the primary winding 5a of the transformer T. (6 in Fig. 16), energy is stored in the primary winding 5a of the transformer T.
- a voltage is also generated in the secondary winding 5b, and a current flows in 5b ⁇ D1 ⁇ C4 ⁇ 5b, so that power is supplied to the load RL.
- a voltage is also generated in the auxiliary winding 5d electromagnetically coupled to the primary winding 5a of the transformer T, and the generated voltage is transmitted to the control circuit 11 through the diode D7 and the capacitor C7. Supplied ((in Figure 16). For this reason, since the control circuit 11 can continue the operation, the switching operation of the switch Q1n can be continuously performed.
- the time t3 is set as the time elapsed from the time when the AC power supply Vac1 is turned on (time t0).
- the switch Q In turns on / off and repeats the switching operation.
- the switch Q1n and the switch Q2 are operated by the switches Q1 and Q2 of the DC converter according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. The operation is the same as the operation according to the timing charts shown in FIGS.
- the effects of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the control circuit 11 can control the inrush current when the AC power supply V ac 1 is turned on.
- the switch Q 1 n is turned off by the voltage generated in the limiting resistor R 1, and after the input smoothing capacitor C 5 is charged, the switching operation to turn on the switch Q ln Z off is started. This eliminates the problem that the switch cannot be started properly. Therefore, a normally-on type semiconductor switch can be used, and a highly efficient DC converter with low loss can be provided.
- the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment increases the value of the inductance of the reactor connected in series to the primary winding of the transformer, and reduces the energy stored in the reactor when the switch Q1 is on.
- An auxiliary transformer is provided to add a second reflux circuit that refluxes to the side.
- FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to the fourth embodiment.
- the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is different from the DC converter according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5 in that the transformer T and the peripheral circuit of the transformer T are different. Only that part will be mainly described.
- One end of a primary winding 5a of the transformer T is connected to one end of a reactor (third reactor) L4, and the other end of the reactor L4 is connected to one end of a switch Q1.
- the other end of the primary winding 5a of the transformer T (the side of Hata) is connected to one end of the primary winding 5a2 (the number of turns is nl) of the auxiliary transformer Tb (the side of Hata).
- the other end of the primary winding 5a2 of the auxiliary transformer Tb is connected to the other end of the reactor L4. Therefore, the saturable reactor SL1 is connected in parallel to the primary winding 5a via the reactor 4.
- the primary winding 5a and the switch Q1 form a series circuit via the reactor L4, and are connected in parallel to the DC power supply Vdc1.
- One end of the secondary winding 5b2 (the number of turns is n2) of the auxiliary transformer Tb is connected to the other end of the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T (reference side).
- the auxiliary transformer Tb The other end of the secondary winding 5b2 is connected to the anode of the diode D42, and the power source of the diode D42 is connected to the power source of the diode D1 and one end of the capacitor C4.
- the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected to one end of the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T.
- the auxiliary transformer Tb recirculates the energy stored in the reactor L4 to the secondary side when the switch Q1 is off when the switch Q1 is on.
- FIG. 20 is a timing chart of signals in each section of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a timing chart showing details of signals at various parts when the switch Q1 of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment is turned on.
- the voltage Q lv across the switch Q 1, the current Q 1 i flowing through the switch Q 1, the voltage Q 2 v across the switch Q 2, the current Q flowing through the switch Q 2 2 i shows the current SL 1 i flowing through the saturable reactor SL 1.
- the energy stored in the saturable reactor SL1 as an energy retaining element and the power supply source Idc1 is stored in the capacitor as in the first embodiment. Charged to C3. Further, the energy stored in reactor L4 is returned to the secondary side via auxiliary transformer Tb. That is, when current flows from L4 ⁇ 5a2 ⁇ 5a ⁇ L4, a voltage is induced on the secondary winding 5b2 of the auxiliary transformer Tb on the secondary side, so that 5b2 ⁇ D42- The current flows in the order of C4 ⁇ 5b ⁇ 5b2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 20, a current flows through the diode D42 between times t2 and t3.
- the voltage of a V 12 that is, the voltage of the reactor L 4 times the turns ratio of the reactor L 4 is rectified by the diode D 42 and supplied to the capacitor C 4.
- the value of the inductance of the reactor L4 connected in series to the primary winding 5a of the transformer T is increased, and the energy stored when the switch Q1 is turned on is transferred to the auxiliary transformer Tb through the auxiliary transformer Tb. Efficiency is further improved by refluxing to the downstream side. Also, the diode D 1 and the diode D 42 allow the secondary current to flow during the on and off periods of the switch Q 1, thereby making the switch Q 1 continuous. For this reason, the ripple current of the smoothing capacitor C4 also decreases.
- the saturable reactor SL1 is connected in parallel with the primary winding 5a of the transformer T and the power supply source Idc1 is provided, the zero voltage switch operation can be performed.
- This zero-voltage switch operation is the same as the zero-voltage switch operation in the DC converter according to the first embodiment, and a description thereof will not be repeated.
- FIG. 22 is a detailed circuit configuration diagram of a DC converter according to a first modification of the fourth embodiment.
- the transformer T has a primary winding 5 a (number of turns n 1), a secondary winding 5 b (number of turns n 2) and a tertiary winding 5 c (number of turns n 3, (Corresponding to the secondary winding 5b2 of the auxiliary transformer Tb).
- the primary winding 5a and the secondary winding 5b are wound in the same phase, and the primary winding 5a and the tertiary winding 5c are wound in the opposite phase.
- the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T is loosely coupled to the primary winding 5a, and the leakage inductance between the primary winding 5a and the secondary winding 5b is connected in series with the transformer T.
- the reactor L4 ⁇ connected to is replaced. That is, to realize E energy reflux to the secondary side by the leakage inductor between the primary winding 5 a and the secondary ⁇ 5 b a reactor L 4 in FIG. 1 9.
- the auxiliary transformer Tb shown in FIG. 19 can be coupled to the transformer T shown in FIG.
- a configuration example of a transformer in which the auxiliary transformer Tb is coupled to the transformer T will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the power supply source I dc 1 is configured by a series circuit (second series circuit) of the reactor L 2 and the diode D 6.
- the operation and effect of this power supply source I dc 1 are the same as the operation and effect of the embodiment according to FIG. 11 of the DC converter according to the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted here. .
- FIG. 23 is a circuit configuration showing a second modified example of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. The second modified embodiment shown in FIG. 23 differs from the configuration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 22 only in the configuration of the power supply source I dc1. That is, in this embodiment, the power supply source Idc1 is configured by the reactor 3 connected in series to the primary winding 5a of the transformer T. The operation and effect of this power supply source Idc1 are the same as the operation and effect of the first modified example of the DC converter according to the first embodiment, and therefore description thereof is omitted here.
- reactor L 2 and the diode D 6 which are the power supply source I dc 1 shown in FIG. 22 and the reactor L 3 which is the power supply source I dc 1 shown in FIG. 23 may be combined. Can be used at light load or heavy load.
- the reactor L3 can be replaced with a transformer inductor of the transformer T.
- the saturable reactor SL1 can be substituted by the exciting inductance of the transformer T by using a core having good saturation characteristics as shown in FIG.
- this circuit can control the output voltage by setting the switching frequency to a fixed frequency and performing PWM control, so that it can easily cope with broadcast interference and the like.
- FIG. 24 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the fifth embodiment.
- the DC converter according to the fifth embodiment is characterized in that a secondary winding 5b and a quaternary winding 5d are provided on the secondary side of a transformer T to provide two outputs. Note that three or more windings may be provided on the secondary side of the transformer T, and three or more outputs may be provided. Here, only two outputs will be described.
- the DC converter according to the present embodiment has the configuration of the DC converter shown in FIG. 23, and further includes a quaternary winding 5d wound around the core of the transformer T, a diode D55, and a capacitor. Sensor C2 and load RL2.
- the fourth winding 5d is wound in the same phase as the secondary winding 5b.
- One end of the fourth winding 5d is connected to the anode of the diode D55, and the cathode of the diode D55 and the other end of the fourth winding 5d are connected to the capacitor C2.
- the diode D55 and the capacitor C2 constitute a rectifying and smoothing circuit.
- This capacitor C 2 smoothes the rectified voltage of the diode D 55 and outputs a DC output to the load RL 2.
- the primary winding 5a and the quaternary winding 5d are loosely coupled. For example, loose coupling can be achieved by further separating the windings.
- the secondary winding 5b and the quaternary winding 5d are tightly coupled. For example, close coupling can be achieved by bringing the windings closer to each other.
- the control circuit 10 turns on and off the switches Q 1 and Q 2 alternately, and turns on the pulse applied to the switch Q 1 when the output voltage of the load RL 1 exceeds the reference voltage. Control is performed so as to reduce the width and increase the ON width of the pulse applied to switch Q2. That is, when the output voltage of the load RL1 becomes equal to or higher than the reference voltage, each output voltage is controlled to a constant voltage by reducing the ON width of the pulse of the switch Q1.
- the voltage from the secondary winding 5 is rectified and smoothed by the diode D1 and the capacitor C4 to supply DC power to the load RL1. Further, the voltage from the fourth winding 5d can be rectified and smoothed by the diode D55 and the capacitor C2 to supply DC power to the load RL2.
- the leakage inductance on the primary side is large, and the secondary winding 5b and the quaternary winding 5d Is tightly coupled, so the leakage inductance on the secondary side is small. Therefore, the output on the secondary side (the output on the secondary winding side and the output on the quaternary winding side) fluctuates less under light and heavy loads, and the load fluctuation characteristics are improved. That is, the cross regulation on the secondary side is improved. Also, since the cross-regulation of multiple outputs is good, the auxiliary regulation can be omitted, and the circuit can be simplified.
- FIG. 25 is a structural diagram of a transformer provided in the DC converter according to the fourth and fifth embodiments.
- the transformer shown in FIG. 25 includes a core 30 having a substantially rectangular outer shape, and the core 30 extends in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic path so as to form magnetic paths 31 a, 31 b, and 31 c. Elongated gaps 32a and 32b are formed in parallel. A primary winding 5a and a tertiary winding 5c are wound close to each other on a core portion 30a of the core 30. As a result, there is a slight leakage between the primary and tertiary windings, and this leakage is replaced with the reactor L3.
- a pass core 30c and a gap 31 are formed in the core 30 defining the magnetic path 31b, and a secondary winding 5b is wound around the outer core defining the magnetic path 31c. ing.
- the quaternary winding 5d is wound close to the secondary winding 5b. That is, the leakage inductor is increased by loosely coupling the primary winding 5a and the secondary winding 5b (the same is true for the quaternary winding 5d) by the pass core 30c. This large leakage inductance replaces the reactor L4.
- two concave portions 30b are formed on the outer peripheral core and between the primary winding 5a and the secondary winding 5b. Due to the recess 3 Ob, the cross-sectional area of a part of the magnetic path of the outer peripheral core becomes narrower than other parts, and only that part is saturated, so that the core loss can be reduced.
- This Of the primary winding 5a can also be used as the saturable reactor SL1.
- the transformer T and the auxiliary transformer Tb which returns the energy of the reactor L4 to the secondary side, are combined into one core 30 by means of the shape of the core of the transformer T and the design of the winding. By providing 0 c, a large leakage inductance is obtained and the transformer and the reactor are connected, so that the DC converter can be reduced in size and cost.
- FIG. 26 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the sixth embodiment.
- the DC converter according to the sixth embodiment employs a synchronous rectifier in the secondary circuit of the transformer.Since the output waveform of the transformer is a rectangular wave, the conduction ratio during synchronous rectification must be increased. Therefore, the loss of the rectifier at the time of low output voltage is reduced and the efficiency is improved.
- the DC converter according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. 26 is different from the DC converter according to the second modification of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 23 in the configuration of the secondary circuit of the transformer T.
- the primary winding 5a and the secondary winding 5b are loosely coupled, and the secondary winding 5b and the tertiary winding 5c are tightly coupled.
- One end (the side marked) of the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T is connected to one end of the capacitor C4, and the other end of the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T is connected to a switch made of an FET (third switch).
- One end of the tertiary winding 5c of the transformer T (the ⁇ J of the hatching) is connected to the other end of the capacitor C4 via a switch (fourth switch) Q4 made of FET.
- the other end of the tertiary winding 5c of the transformer T is connected to the other end of the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T.
- tertiary winding 5c of the transformer T is connected to the gate of the switch Q3, and the other end of the tertiary winding 5c of the transformer T is connected to the gate of the switch Q4.
- Diode D61 is connected in parallel to switch Q3, and diode D62 is connected in parallel to switch Q4.
- Capacitor C4 forms a smoothing circuit. This rectifying and smoothing circuit rectifies and smoothes the voltage (pulse voltage controlled on / off) controlled by the secondary winding 5b and tertiary winding 5c of the transformer, and outputs a DC output to the load RL. I do.
- FIG. 27 Q 1 V is the voltage across the switch Q 1 (drain-source), Q 1 i is the current flowing through the switch Q 1 (drain current), and Q 2 V is the voltage across the switch Q 2 Q2i is the current flowing through switch Q2, Q3i is the current flowing through switch Q3, Q4i is the current flowing through switch Q4, SL1i is the current flowing through saturable reactor SL1, and VT is The voltage across the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T is shown.
- the switch Q 1 is off and the switch Q 2 Is on. Therefore, current flows through the switch Q2 and no current flows through the switch Q1.
- the voltage stored in the tertiary winding 5c (the reference side of the tertiary winding 5c is also one-sided) due to the energy stored in the recycle inductor between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer T. And +) is generated at the other end.
- a positive voltage is applied to the gate of the switch Q4 to turn on, and a negative voltage is applied to the gate of the switch Q3 to turn off. Then, a current flows through 5c ⁇ 5b ⁇ C4 ⁇ Q4 ⁇ 5c, and an output voltage is generated at the load RL.
- the switch Q2 changes from the on state to the off state, and the switch Q1 changes from the off state to the on state. For this reason, resonance occurs due to the saturation inductance of the saturable reactor SL1, the inductance of the reactor L3, and the capacitor C1. Due to this resonance, the voltage of the switch Q1 decreases and the voltage of the switch Q2 increases (period T2). Then, when the voltage of the switch Q1 is close to zero voltage (period ⁇ 3), the switch Q1 is turned on, and the current of the switch Q1 flows (period ⁇ 4).
- switch Q1 is on and switch Q2 is off.
- a current flows from the DC power supply V dc 1 to the switch Q 1 through the primary winding 5 a of the transformer T, and energy flows into the primary winding 5 a (the side marked with the primary winding 5 a is With +, the other side is accumulated. Due to this energy, a voltage is also generated in the secondary winding 5b and the tertiary winding 5c (the hatching of the secondary winding 5b and the tertiary winding 5c is ten and the other end is one).
- switch Q1 is in the on state. Changes to the off state.
- resonance occurs due to the inductance of the saturable reactor SL1, the inductance of the reactor L3, and the resonance capacitor C1, and the resonance causes the voltage of the switch Q1 to rise rapidly.
- the diode D4 turns on after the switch Q1 turns off, and a current flows through the diode D4, and the energy of the saturable reactor SL1
- the energy of reactor L3 is stored in snubber capacitor C3 via diode D4. Then, by turning on the switch Q2 during the ON period of the diode D4, the switch Q2 becomes a zero voltage switch.
- the effects of the fourth embodiment are obtained, and the synchronous rectifier is used in the secondary circuit of the transformer T. Since the output waveform of the transformer is a square wave, the square wave is applied to the gate of the synchronous rectifier to conduct for almost the entire period, and current can not flow through the diode connected in parallel, and rectification can be performed without loss. This is effective at low output voltages such as 5 V and 3.3 V. Seventh embodiment
- the DC converter according to the seventh embodiment has the configuration of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment, and uses a normally-on type switch for the switch Q1, similarly to the third embodiment. Therefore, when the AC power is turned on, the voltage due to the voltage drop of the rush current limiting resistor inserted to reduce the rush current of the input smoothing capacitor is used as the reverse bias voltage of the normally-on type switch. A feature is added that solves the problem at power-on.
- FIG. 28 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to the seventh embodiment.
- the DC converter shown in FIG. 28 has the configuration of the first modified example of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 22 and is similar to the third embodiment shown in FIG.
- the AC voltage input from the AC power supply V ac 1 is rectified by a full-wave rectifier circuit (input rectifier circuit) B 1, and the obtained voltage is converted to another DC voltage and output.
- a series circuit including an input smoothing capacitor C5 and an inrush current limiting resistor R1 is connected between one output terminal P1 of the full-wave rectifier circuit B1 and the other output terminal P2. .
- the AC power supply V ac 1 and the full-wave rectifier circuit B 1 correspond to the DC power supply V dc 1 shown in FIG.
- One output terminal P1 of the full-wave rectifier circuit B1 is connected to the primary winding 5a of the transformer T via the primary winding 5a.
- a normally-on type switch Q In such as SIT is connected, and the switch Q In is turned on / off by PWM control of the control circuit 11.
- the switches Q2 other than the switch QIn are normally-off type switches.
- a switch S1 is connected to both ends of the inrush current limiting resistor R1.
- the switch S 1 is a semiconductor switch such as a normally-off type MOSFET or a BJT (bipolar junction transistor), and is turned on by a short-circuit signal from the control circuit 11.
- a start-up power supply unit 12 including a capacitor C6, a resistor R2, and a diode D5 is connected.
- the start-up power supply unit 12 extracts the voltage generated across the inrush current limiting resistor R1, and uses the voltage across the capacitor C6 as a reverse bias voltage to the gate of the switch Qln to control the control circuit 11. Output to terminal a. Also, the charging voltage charged in the input smoothing capacitor C5 is supplied to the control circuit 11.
- the control circuit 11 When the AC power supply Vac 1 is turned on, the control circuit 11 is activated by the voltage supplied from the capacitor C6, outputs a reverse bias voltage from the terminal b to the gate of the switch Q In as a control signal, and turns off the switch Q In Let it.
- This control signal is composed of, for example, a pulse signal of 15 V and 0 V, and the switch Q 1 n is turned off by the voltage of 15 V and the switch Qln is turned on by the voltage of 0 V.
- the control circuit 11 After the charging of the input smoothing capacitor C5 is completed, the control circuit 11 outputs a pulse signal of 0 V and 15 V as a control signal from the terminal b to the gate of the switch Qln, and causes the switch Qln to perform a switching operation. . After performing the switching operation of the switch QIn, the control circuit 11 outputs a short-circuit signal to the gate of the switch S1 after a predetermined time has elapsed, and turns on the switch S1.
- auxiliary winding 5 d (number of turns n4) provided in the transformer T is connected to one end of the switch Q 1 n, one end of the capacitor C 7 and the control circuit 11, and the other end of the auxiliary winding 5 d Is connected to the power source of the diode D7, and the anode of the diode D7 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C7 and the terminal c of the control circuit 11.
- the auxiliary winding 5d, the diode D7, and the capacitor C7 constitute a normal operation power supply unit 13.
- the normal operation power supply unit 13 supplies the voltage generated by the auxiliary winding 5d to the diode D7 and the capacitor C7. It is supplied to the control circuit 11 through the control circuit 11.
- Vac1 indicates the AC voltage of the AC power supply Vac1
- the input current indicates the current flowing in the AC power supply Vac1
- R1V indicates the voltage generated in the inrush current limiting resistor R1
- C5V indicates the voltage of the input smoothing capacitor C5
- C6V indicates the voltage of the capacitor C6
- output voltage indicates the voltage of the capacitor C4
- the control signal is the terminal of the control circuit 11. The signal output from b to the gate of switch Q 1 n is shown.
- the voltage generated in the inrush current limiting resistor R1 is stored in the capacitor C6 via the diode D5 and the resistor R2 (2 in FIG. 28).
- the terminal f side of the capacitor C 6 has a zero potential, for example, and the terminal g side of the capacitor C 6 has a negative potential, for example. Therefore, the voltage of the capacitor C6 becomes a negative voltage (reverse bias voltage) as shown in FIG.
- the negative voltage of the capacitor C6 is supplied to the control circuit 11 via the terminal a.
- the control circuit 11 sends a control signal of 15 V from the terminal b to the switch QIn. (Fig. 28-3). Therefore, switch Qln is turned off.
- the input smoothing capacitor C5 is charged by the voltage from the full-wave rectifier circuit B1 (4 in FIG. 28), the voltage of the input smoothing capacitor C5 rises, and the voltage of the input smoothing capacitor C5 increases. Charging is completed.
- the control circuit 11 starts the switching operation.
- a control signal of 0 V is output from the terminal b to the gate of the switch Qln (5 in FIG. 28). Therefore, since the switch Qln is turned on, a current flows from one output terminal P1 of the full-wave rectifier circuit B1 to the switch Qln via the primary winding 5a of the transformer T ( 28), energy is stored in the primary winding 5a of the transformer T.
- a voltage is also generated in the secondary winding 5b, and a current flows through 5b ⁇ D1 ⁇ C4 ⁇ 5b, so that power is supplied to the load RL.
- a voltage is also generated in the auxiliary winding 5d electromagnetically coupled to the primary winding 5a of the transformer T, and the generated voltage is transmitted to the control circuit 11 via the diode D7 and the capacitor C7. (7 in Fig. 28). For this reason, since the control circuit 11 can continue the operation, the switching operation of the switch Q1n can be continuously performed.
- a control signal of ⁇ 15 V is output from the terminal b to the gate of the switch Qln. Therefore, at time t3, switch QIn is turned off, and the current stored at 5c ⁇ D42 ⁇ C4 ⁇ 5b ⁇ 5c is generated by the energy stored in the leakage inductor between the primary and secondary windings. Flow, and an output voltage is generated at the load RL. Also, at time t3, resonance occurs due to the inductance of the saturable reactor SL1 and the resonance capacitor C1, and the voltage of the switch Qln increases and the voltage of the switch Q2 decreases.
- the time t3 is set as the time elapsed from the time when the AC power supply Vac1 is turned on (time t0).
- the switch Qln repeats the switching operation by ON / OFF.
- the switch Q 1 n and the switch Q 2 are operated by the switches Q 1 and Q 2 of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. The operation is similar to the operation according to the timing charts shown in FIGS.
- the control circuit 11 includes the AC power supply V When ac 1 is turned on, the switch Q ln is turned off by the voltage generated in the inrush current limiting resistor R 1, and after the input smoothing capacitor C 5 is charged, the switch Q 1 n is turned off. This will eliminate the power-on problem. Therefore, a normally-on type semiconductor switch can be used, and a highly efficient DC converter with low loss can be provided.
- the normally-on circuit includes, for example, the device according to the fifth embodiment, It may be added to the device of the sixth embodiment.
- the flux utilization rate of the transformer core is improved, and the smoothing capacitor of the transformer secondary circuit is improved. Since the ripple current of the capacitor can be reduced, the size of the device can be reduced. Also, cross-regulation when using multiple output power supplies is good. In addition, since the secondary-side output voltage of the transformer is a square wave, synchronous rectification is advantageous, and high efficiency can be achieved for low output voltages. Eighth embodiment
- FIG. 30 is a circuit configuration diagram of a DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 30 is different from the DC converter according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5 in that a reactor (second) is connected between the diode D1 and the capacitor C4.
- the difference is that the diode D82 is connected to the connection point between the diode D1 and one end of the reactor L1 and the other end of the secondary winding 5b.
- the primary side of the transformer T is the same as in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the core of the transformer T is wound with a primary winding 5a and a secondary winding 5b (number of turns n2) in phase with the winding, and one end of the secondary winding 5b.
- the other end of the reactor 1 and the other end of the secondary winding 5b are connected to a capacitor C4 (corresponding to the smoothing circuit of the present invention).
- the capacitor C4 smoothes the voltage of the reactor L1 and outputs a DC output to the load RL.
- FIG. 31 is a timing chart of signals in each section of the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a timing chart showing details of signals at various parts when the switch Q1 is turned on.
- the BH characteristics of the transformer provided in the DC converter and the timing chart of the current of the saturable reactor are the same as those in FIGS. 9 and 10 of the first embodiment, respectively.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are the same as those in FIGS. 9 and 10 of the first embodiment, respectively.
- the current SL 1 i has a current value a (negative value) at time t1, a current value b (negative value) at time tlb, a current value c (zero) at time t13, and a time t.
- the current value changes to d (positive value).
- the magnetic flux changes from Ba to Bb to Bc to Bd. Note that B a to Bg shown in FIG. 9 and a to g shown in FIG. 10 correspond to each other.
- the energy from the power supply source Idc1 is supplied to the capacitor C3, and the capacitor C3 is charged. That is, the energy from the power supply source I dc1 and the energy from the saturable reactor SL1 are added to the capacitor C3. Then, when the release of the energy of the saturable reactor SL1 and the release of the energy from the power supply source Idc1 are completed, the charging of the capacitor C3 stops.
- the energy stored in the capacitor C3 flows to C3 ⁇ Q2 ⁇ SL1-C3, and resets the magnetic flux of the saturable reactor SL1.
- the magnetic flux of the transformer T connected in parallel with the saturable reactor SL 1 also changes.
- the energy stored in capacitor C3 is Since the energy is fed back to the saturable reactor SL1, the current SL1i flowing through the saturable reactor SL1 becomes a negative value as shown in FIG. That is, the current SL1i changes from the current value e (zero) to the current value f (negative value) from the time t20 to the time t2a.
- the magnetic flux changes from Be to Bf.
- the area S from time t2 to time t20 is equal to the area S from time t20 to time t2a. This area S corresponds to the energy of the saturable reactor SL1 stored in the capacitor C3.
- the current SL1i changes from the current value f (negative value) to the current value g (negative value) from the time t2a to the time t3.
- the magnetic flux changes from Bf to Bg.
- the area from time t2a to time t3 corresponds to the energy of the power supply source Idc1 stored in the capacitor C3.
- the current SL 1 i Since the amount of energy supplied from the source I dc 1 increases, the magnetic flux moves to the third quadrant, reaches the saturation region (B f -B g), the current SL 1 i increases, and the time t 3 (time t 1 is the same).
- the current SL1i increases just before the end of the ON period of the switch Q2, and is the current when the saturable reactor SL1 is saturated.
- the current Q2i of the switch Q2 also becomes maximum.
- the switch Q2 when the switch Q2 is turned off, the discharge of the capacitor C1 becomes sharp and becomes zero in a short time.
- the switch Q1 by turning on the switch Q1, the switch Q1 can achieve the zero voltage switch.
- FIG. 33 is a detailed circuit configuration diagram of the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- the power supply source Idc1 is configured by a series circuit of a reactor L2 and a diode D6.
- the switch Q1 when the switch Q1 is turned on, energy is stored in the reactor 2, and when the switch Q1 is turned off, the energy stored in the reactor L2 is supplied to the capacitor C3. Charge.
- the power supply source Idc1 shown in Fig. 33 is suitable for light load.
- FIG. 34 is a circuit diagram showing a first modified example of the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- the power source I dc 1 is connected to the transformer It is configured by a reactor L3 connected in series to the primary winding 5a.
- FIG. 35 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a second modified example of the DC converter according to the eighth embodiment.
- the reactor L 2 and the diode D 6 which are the power supply source I dc 1 shown in FIG. 33
- the reactor L 3 which is the power supply source I dc 1 shown in FIG. It is possible to cope with light load and heavy load.
- the reactor L3 can be replaced with a transformer T transformer cage inductor.
- the saturable reactor SL1 can be substituted by the excitation inductance of the transformer T by using a core having good saturation characteristics for the transformer.
- this circuit can control the output voltage by setting the switching frequency to a fixed frequency and performing PWM control, and can easily respond to broadcast interference and the like.
- the DC converter according to the ninth embodiment employs a synchronous rectifier in the secondary circuit of the transformer, and since the output waveform of the transformer is a rectangular wave, the conduction ratio during synchronous rectification is increased. The feature is that the efficiency of the rectifier at low output voltage is reduced to increase the efficiency.
- FIG. 36 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a DC converter according to a ninth embodiment.
- the DC converter shown in FIG. 36 differs from the DC converter according to the first modification of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 34 only in the configuration of the secondary circuit of the transformer T. Since other configurations are the same, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and only the configuration of the secondary circuit of the transformer T will be described.
- a switch Q3 composed of an FET and a switch Q4 composed of an FET are connected in series.
- One end (the Qin side) of the secondary winding 5 b of the transformer T is connected to the gate of the switch Q3, and the other end of the secondary winding 5 b of the transformer T is Connected to the gate of switch Q4.
- Diode D 1 is connected in parallel to switch Q 3
- diode D 82 is connected in parallel to switch Q 4.
- Reactor 1 and capacitor C 4 are connected in series to both ends of switch Q 4 to form a smoothing circuit.
- This rectifying / smoothing circuit rectifies and smoothes the voltage (pulse voltage controlled on / off) in the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T, and outputs a DC output to the load RL.
- the control circuit 10 turns on and off the switches Q1 and Q2 alternately, and turns on the pulse applied to the switch Q1 when the output voltage of the load RL exceeds the reference voltage. Control is performed so as to reduce the width and increase the ON width of the pulse applied to switch Q2. That is, when the output voltage of the load RL becomes equal to or higher than the reference voltage, the output voltage is controlled to a constant voltage by reducing the ON width of the pulse of the switch Q1.
- Q lv is the voltage across the switch Q 1 (drain-source)
- Q li is the current flowing through the switch Q 1 (drain current)
- Q 2 V is the voltage across the switch Q 2
- Q 2 i is the current flowing in switch Q 2
- Q 3 i is the current flowing in switch Q 3
- Q 4 i is the current flowing in switch Q 4
- SL 1 i is the current flowing in saturable reactor SL 1
- VT is the transformer T 2 shows the voltage across the secondary winding 5b.
- a positive voltage is applied to the gate of the switch Q4 to turn on, and a negative voltage is applied to the gate of the switch Q3 to turn off. Then, a current flows in the order of L 1 ⁇ C 4 ⁇ Q 4 ⁇ L 1, and the energy of the reactor 1 is supplied to the load R L.
- switch Q1 is on and switch Q2 is off.
- current flows from the DC power supply Vdc1 to the switch Q1 via the primary winding 5a of the transformer, and energy is applied to the primary winding 5a (the image mark of the primary winding 5a). Is accumulated on the + side and 1) on the other end. Due to this energy, a voltage (the mark side of the secondary winding 5b is ten and the other end is one) is also generated in the secondary winding 5b. Therefore, a positive voltage is applied to the gate of the switch Q3 to turn on, and a negative voltage is applied to the gate of the switch Q4 to turn off.
- a current flows in the order of 5b ⁇ L1 ⁇ C4 ⁇ Q3 ⁇ 5b, and DC power is supplied to the load RL. Further, when the switch Q1 is turned on, a current SL1i also flows through the saturable reactor SL1, and energy is stored in the inductor of the saturable reactor SL1.
- the switch Q1 changes from the on state to the off state.
- resonance occurs due to the inductance of the reactor L3, the inductance of the saturable reactor SL1, and the resonance capacitor C1, and the resonance causes the voltage of the switch Q1 to rise rapidly.
- the diode D4 is turned on after the switch Q1 is turned off, and a current flows through the diode D4, and the energy of the saturable reactor SL1 and the Energy is stored in snubber capacitor C3 via diode D4. Then, by turning on the switch Q2 during the ON period of the diode D4, the switch Q2 becomes a zero-voltage switch.
- the effects of the eighth embodiment can be obtained, and the synchronous rectifier is used in the secondary circuit of the transformer T. Since the output waveform of the synchronous rectifier element is a square wave, the square wave is applied to the gate of the synchronous rectifier to conduct for almost the entire period, so that no current flows through the diodes connected in parallel, and rectification can be performed without loss. This is effective at low output voltages such as 5V and 3.3V.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005501355A JP4124231B2 (ja) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-10-21 | 直流変換装置 |
EP03756715A EP1560323A1 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-10-21 | Dc converter |
US10/531,797 US7532488B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-10-21 | DC converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002-306250 | 2002-10-21 | ||
JP2002306250 | 2002-10-21 | ||
JP2002321105 | 2002-11-05 | ||
JP2002-321105 | 2002-11-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004036726A1 true WO2004036726A1 (ja) | 2004-04-29 |
Family
ID=32109493
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2003/013411 WO2004036726A1 (ja) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-10-21 | 直流変換装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7532488B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1560323A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4124231B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004036726A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006191741A (ja) * | 2005-01-06 | 2006-07-20 | Sanken Electric Co Ltd | 直流変換装置 |
JPWO2005015725A1 (ja) * | 2003-08-11 | 2006-10-12 | サンケン電気株式会社 | スイッチング電源装置 |
DE112005000013B4 (de) * | 2004-03-26 | 2008-04-24 | Sanken Electric Co. Ltd., Niiza | Schaltstromversorgungsvorrichtung |
US7522429B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2009-04-21 | Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. | DC-DC converter |
US7768801B2 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2010-08-03 | Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. | Current resonant DC-DC converter of multi-output type |
CN102017380A (zh) * | 2009-02-06 | 2011-04-13 | 新电元工业株式会社 | 电流检测电路及变压器电流测定系统 |
Families Citing this family (9)
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KR20070075106A (ko) * | 2006-01-12 | 2007-07-18 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전원공급장치 및 이를 포함하는 디스플레이장치 |
US7288923B1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-30 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Voltage-limited electric machine |
JP4873009B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-01 | 2012-02-08 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Dc−dcコンバータ |
JP5104892B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-09 | 2012-12-19 | オムロン株式会社 | スイッチング電源 |
CN103260289A (zh) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-21 | 欧司朗股份有限公司 | Led驱动器和具有该led驱动器的照明装置 |
EP2951910B1 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2018-11-21 | Schneider Electric IT Corporation | Flyback converter |
US9407154B2 (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-08-02 | Advanced Charging Technologies, LLC | Electrical circuit for delivering power to consumer electronic devices |
TW201509103A (zh) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-03-01 | Yottacontrol Co | 可提供穩定電壓輸出的切換式直流電源供應器 |
US11387644B2 (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2022-07-12 | L3 Cincinnati Electronics Corporation | Magnetically saturable components and circuits |
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- 2003-10-21 JP JP2005501355A patent/JP4124231B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-21 US US10/531,797 patent/US7532488B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-21 WO PCT/JP2003/013411 patent/WO2004036726A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
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JPH04299064A (ja) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-22 | Tokimec Inc | Dc/dcコンバータおよびスイッチング電源 |
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JPWO2005015725A1 (ja) * | 2003-08-11 | 2006-10-12 | サンケン電気株式会社 | スイッチング電源装置 |
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DE112005000013B4 (de) * | 2004-03-26 | 2008-04-24 | Sanken Electric Co. Ltd., Niiza | Schaltstromversorgungsvorrichtung |
US7768801B2 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2010-08-03 | Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. | Current resonant DC-DC converter of multi-output type |
JP2006191741A (ja) * | 2005-01-06 | 2006-07-20 | Sanken Electric Co Ltd | 直流変換装置 |
US7522429B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2009-04-21 | Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. | DC-DC converter |
CN102017380A (zh) * | 2009-02-06 | 2011-04-13 | 新电元工业株式会社 | 电流检测电路及变压器电流测定系统 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7532488B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 |
JP4124231B2 (ja) | 2008-07-23 |
EP1560323A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
US20060104097A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
JPWO2004036726A1 (ja) | 2006-02-16 |
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