WO1996003526A1 - Procede d'amplification d'acide nucleique a l'aide d'un nucleoside modifie, et detection du produit d'amplification a l'aide d'anticorps - Google Patents
Procede d'amplification d'acide nucleique a l'aide d'un nucleoside modifie, et detection du produit d'amplification a l'aide d'anticorps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996003526A1 WO1996003526A1 PCT/FR1995/000985 FR9500985W WO9603526A1 WO 1996003526 A1 WO1996003526 A1 WO 1996003526A1 FR 9500985 W FR9500985 W FR 9500985W WO 9603526 A1 WO9603526 A1 WO 9603526A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nucleoside
- modified
- amplification
- methyl
- sequence
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/686—Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6804—Nucleic acid analysis using immunogens
Definitions
- a method of amplifying nucleic acid using a modified nucleoside, and detecting the amplification product using antibodies is provided.
- the subject of the invention is a method of amplifying a nucleic acid sequence using a nucleoside triphosphate with a modified purine or pyrimide base which is incorporated into the strands of nucleic acid neosynthesized during the amplification operation. .
- a modified purine or pyrimide base which is incorporated into the strands of nucleic acid neosynthesized during the amplification operation.
- the amplification product can be used in the preparation of multimers containing several copies of the amplified sequence with modified base, and further containing at least one sequence specific for a sequence of interest.
- Such a multimer can be used for the detection and / or quantification of any polynucleotide sequence, with amplification of the signal.
- the enzymatic amplification method which was first described is the polymerase chain amplification, better known under the designation PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
- two oligonucleotide primers are used, each of which is complementary to a segment of one of the strands of a DNA containing the sequence to be amplified, so that said segments frame said sequence.
- the primers hybridize with their complementary sequence and, in the presence of a thermostable DNA polymerase and of nucleoside triphosphates in excess, a strand of DNA, complementary to the template strand, is synthesized by elongation from the 3 'end of the hybridized primer.
- the mixture is then denatured again by heat, and on cooling the primers hybridize on the DNA strands originally present or newly synthesized, a new elongation of the primers takes place, and so on.
- a method analogous to PCR consists in using as starting material to amplify an RNA, the method then comprising a prior step of reverse transcription of the RNA into complementary DNA.
- This method is useful in particular when the target is the genome of a retrovirus or when a messenger RNA is used as target to avoid amplifying the introns.
- Various other amplification methods have been described, and in particular those which consist in using a primer containing an RNA polymerase promoter sequence, so as to obtain by elongation a double strand of DNA whose transcription in the presence of RNA polymerase will lead to l '' obtaining several tens of copies, in the form of transcribed RNA which can enter the amplification cycle.
- the method includes reverse transcription of the RNA to form a DNA-RNA heteroduplex, then denaturation of the heteroduplex formed, hybridization of a primer to the DNA strand and elongation of the primer, followed by transcription of the double strand obtained, and so on.
- the strands of RNA formed previously can each give rise to a double strand of DNA which can in turn be transcribed.
- An isothermal method consists of a target RNA sequence and a primer of
- RNA-DNA heteroduplex is obtained.
- a ribonuclease By the action of a ribonuclease, the RNA is hydrolyzed.
- the single stranded DNA is transformed into a double strand by elongation of an appropriate primer in the presence of a DNA polymerase.
- the double stranded DNA obtained can then be transcribed and several copies of the target RNA are thus obtained, which can in turn enter the amplification cycle.
- Another isothermal method consists in using the phenomenon of strand displacement using two primers capable of hybridizing with the same strand of target nucleic acid: the product of extension of a first primer located on the 5 'side relative to a second primer, displaces the extension product of the second primer which is thus released in the form of a single strand, while the extension product of the first primer forms a duplex with the starting target strand.
- the single strand thus formed can in turn enter an amplification cycle using a similar system of two primers.
- the first primer may contain on the 5 ′ side, relative to the target recognition site, a recognition site for an RNA polymerase or for a restriction enzyme, which makes it possible to use different routes for the d cycle. 'amplification; see EP-054 3612.
- Amplification products containing the modified nucleotide are detected or quantified by an avidin-enzyme conjugate in the first case and by an anti-digoxigenin monoclonal antibody in the second case.
- NTP nucleoside triphosphate designating here both a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate and a ribonucleoside triphosphate
- purine or pyrimide base is modified by a simple substitution such as a substitution with a methyl, hydroxymethyl or acetyl group.
- the modified NTPs can be used by the polymerases to synthesize in vitro new copies of a nucleotide matrix, without any efficiency.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method of amplification, by the enzymatic route, of a nucleotide sequence, in which a polynucleotide containing said sequence is brought into contact, oligonucleotide primers, the nucleoside triphosphates and / or deoxynucleoside triphosphates containing the various purine and pyrimidine bases necessary for the synthesis of the amplification product, and an enzymatic system having DNA polymerase and / or RNA polymerase and / or reverse transcriptase activity, under conditions making it possible to carry out, in a manner known per se , an amplification of said sequence of interest, characterized in that one of said nucleoside triphosphates and / or deoxynucleoside triphosphates is present either in a modified form, or both in a modified form and in an unmodified form, and that, in said modified form, the pyrimidine or purine base is substituted by at least one methyl group,
- the subject of the invention is also a method for amplifying a nucleotide sequence, and for detecting and / or quantifying the amplification product, in which a polynucleotide containing said sequence is brought into contact, oligonucleotide primers, nucleoside triphosphates and / or deoxynucleoside triphosphates containing the various purine and pyrimidine bases necessary for the synthesis of the amplification product, and an enzymatic system having an activity of DNA polymerase and / or RNA polymerase and / or reverse transcriptase, under conditions making it possible to carry out, in a manner known per se, an amplification of said sequence of interest, characterized in that one of said nucleoside triphosphates and / or deoxynucleoside triphosphates is present either in a modified form, or both in a modified form and in a non-form modified, and that, in said modified form, the pyrimidine or purine base is substituted by
- the amplification can be carried out by any known method based on the extension of primers to synthesize a double-stranded DNA, a complementary DNA, or to synthesize a transcribed RNA.
- Amplification methods can be used, for example, which have been described above, and whose implementation details, which are well known, will not be repeated here.
- modified nucleosides there may be mentioned in particular 5-methyl cytidine, N4-acetyl cytidine, 3-methyl cytidine, N6-methyl adenosine, N6, N6-dimethyl adenosine, 1-methyl guanosine, N2- methyl guanosine, N2, N2-dimethyl guanosine, 7-methyl guanosine, 3-methyl uridine, 5-hydroxymethyl uridine, and 1-methyl inosine.
- the triphosphates of these modified nucleosides are known or can be prepared according to known methods.
- Antibodies capable of specifically recognizing these modified nucleosides can be prepared according to known methods. They are preferably monoclonal antibodies.
- nucleoside triphosphate can be used in the same way as the corresponding nucleoside modified in the elongation of a nucleotide primer.
- sequence to be amplified contains only a small proportion of the nucleoside which it is desired to replace with the incorporation of the modified nucleoside phosphate, it is in principle possible to use the nucleoside triphosphate considered in modified form only.
- the nucleoside under consideration is present at several neighboring positions in the sequence to be amplified, the incorporation of the modified nucleoside triphosphate alone may prove difficult. This is why it is generally preferable to use, for the nucleoside considered, a mixture of the modified form and the unmodified form.
- the proportion of modified nucleoside triphosphate relative to the total proportion of the modified nucleoside and of the corresponding unmodified nucleoside can generally vary from 10 to 100 mol% and in particular from 20 to 75 mol%.
- the amplification product will contain a variable proportion of the corresponding nucleoside in modified form and in unmodified form, this proportion depending on the nature of the composition of the composition.
- sequence to be amplified and proportions of triphosphates (modified and unmodified) present during the amplification It has been found that, for a given sequence to be amplified, and for a given proportion of modified and unmodified triphosphates, the respective proportions of modified and unmodified nucleosides in the amplification product are substantially constant. As a result, the detection of the amplification product using antibodies specific for the modified nucleoside also allows quantification.
- Antibodies prepared by immunization using modified nucleosides, conjugated to a protein have been found to be able to recognize the modified nucleoside incorporated into a strand of DNA or RNA.
- the antibodies can be used in the form of antibodies labeled with a tracer agent, for example with an enzyme such as peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, which allows development with the formation of a colored product, according to known methods.
- a tracer agent for example with an enzyme such as peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, which allows development with the formation of a colored product, according to known methods.
- the revelation of the binding of the specific antibody to the amplification product can also be made with an antibody labeled anti-immunoglobulin, in known manner.
- an antibody labeled anti-immunoglobulin in known manner.
- the monoclonal antibody used is a mouse IgG
- a labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody will be used for the revelation.
- amplification primers linked, in a known manner, to a ligand for example biotin
- a ligand for example biotin
- the method of the invention can therefore be used in particular in the field of medical diagnosis or in the food industry, in the search for infections or bacterial or viral contamination.
- Another advantage of the amplification process is that it leads to products which can be used for the manufacture of multimers which can be used as signal amplification agents in hybridization methods using nucleic probes.
- the principle of signal amplification is known.
- the number of copies of the target polynucleotide is low, it is possible, instead of multiplying the number of copies of the target by amplification, to use a detection probe comprising a large quantity of tracer agent, hence amplification of the signal.
- the specific detection probe for a target to be detected is grafted to a polymer on which are fixed several patterns containing the tracer agent.
- the signal-amplifying reagent can be produced, for example, in the form of a polymer carrying in branching a plurality of nucleotide sequences in which the modified nucleoside is incorporated.
- Polymers bearing branching in a fork, comb, etc. can be prepared in a known manner. ; see for example the patent applications mentioned above.
- the signal amplification reagent thus contains numerous molecules of the modified nucleoside, detection using antibodies specifically recognizing the modified nucleoside will lead to the obtaining of a signal of high intensity.
- the invention therefore also relates to the use of an amplification product which can be obtained according to the amplification method described above.
- This use consists in the preparation, in a manner known per se, of a multimer comprising a plurality of units constituted by said amplification product and at least a polynucleotide motif capable of hybridizing with a polynucleotide of interest.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of an antibody in the detection and / or quantification, according to a method known per se, of an amplification product obtained according to the method described above, or in the detection and / or the quantification, according to a method known per se, of a multimer obtainable as described above, said multimer being hybrid with said polynucleotide of interest.
- This use is characterized in that the antibody used is an antibody capable of recognizing the modified nucleoside without recognizing the corresponding unmodified nucleoside.
- Two primers were synthesized located at the ends of a segment of 186 base pairs chosen from the BamHIW region of the EBV genome which is a highly conserved region among the different strains of EBV. Each primer was biotinylated at the 5 ′ end during the synthesis according to the method described by P.R. Langer et al., P.N.A.S. USA Vol. 78 No. 11, 6633-6637 (1981).
- primers 1 5 'TTT GTC CCC ACG CGC GCA TA 3'
- Primer 2 5 'AGG TGG CGT AGC AAC GCG AA 3'
- the position of these primers relative to the BamHIW region of the genome d EBV is described in the article by R. Griffais et al., Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 19, no.14,
- Burkitt lymphoma cells of the Namalwa line are used, which have intact EBV DNA in a chromosome; see Matsuo et al., Science 226, 1322-1325 (1984) and Gargano et al., Genes Chrom. Cancer, 4, 205-210 (1992). In fact, it has been shown that two EBV genomes are integrated at a known site on chromosome 1; see Lawrence et al, Cell 52, 51-61 (1988). The cells are lysed by sodium hydroxide in a known manner.
- Serial dilutions of cell lysates are prepared and used as matrices for amplification according to the PCR method.
- the cycles are programmed as follows: - 1 cycle consisting of 10 minutes at 99 ° C, 2 minutes at 62 ° C and 2 minutes at
- the DNA is visualized by fluorescence of ethidium bromide under UV radiation.
- the DNA is then transferred to nylon membranes (Hybond N +, Amersham International).
- hybridization was carried out with a detection probe marked with digoxigenin and capable of hybridizing with a sequence of a DNA strand located inside the sequence framed by the primers 1 and 2.
- This detection probe was obtained by PCR, in the presence of nucleoside triphosphates and of a dUTP labeled with digoxigenin (digoxigenin 1 1 dUTP - Boehringer
- the membranes are washed three times with PBST (phosphate buffer containing 0.2% Tween 20) and then allowed to incubate for one hour at room temperature with an anti-5-methyl cytidine monoclonal antibody.
- the monoclonal antibody is that described by C. Reynaud et al., Cancer Letters, Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd, 255-262 (1991).
- the antibody solution is an undiluted supernatant of hybridoma culture containing between 10 and 15 ⁇ g / ml of antibody.
- the membranes are then incubated for one hour at room temperature with anti-IgG goat antibodies
- mice conjugated to peroxidase and purified by affinity chrom atography (Biorad Laboratories). Wash again three times with PBST and then rinse with phosphate buffer (PBS).
- PBS phosphate buffer
- the substrate is then added (60 ml of a solution of 4-chloro-1-naphthol at 0.3% in methanol, in 100 ml of phosphate buffer containing 0.02% of hydrogen peroxide) and allowed to incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes.
- Microtiter plates made of carboxylated polystyrene are used; reference:
- the plates are washed with phosphate buffer pH 7.2 containing 0.05% Tween 20, then washed 3 times with phosphate buffer.
- Amplification products denatured by heat are added at the rate of 50 ⁇ l per well.
- the wells are washed 3 times with PBST.
- 50 ⁇ l of the anti-5-methyl cytidine monoclonal antibody solution (supernatant of hybridoma culture) are then added. Incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature and then washed 3 times with PBST containing 1% bovine serum albumin
- the 10-fold serial dilutions of EBV DNA that were used as templates in PCR amplification contained 2-20,000 copies of the EBV genome.
- PCR amplification results carried out as in c) above, were compared with a mixture of dCTP and 5-MedCTP and biotinylated primers, and the PCR amplification results carried out in a conventional manner with non-NTP. modified and non-biotinylated primers.
- the amplification products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorescence of ethidium bromide under ultraviolet irradiation.
- the electrophoresis analysis shows that in both cases the amplified DNAs have the expected sizes, according to the migration distances.
- the sensitivity of the reaction determined by the intensity of the fluorescence on the gel, reaches 200 target molecules.
- the amplification products obtained by conventional PCR were analyzed with the specific probe conjugated to digoxigenin (obtained in d) above), by Southern hybridization and revelation with an anti-digoxigenin antibody (Boehringer Mannheim). The sensitivity of the reaction reaches 20 molecules of target DNA.
- the PCR amplification product according to the invention was analyzed in one section after electrophoresis and Southern transfer (see e) above) and in another section on a microtiter plate coated with avidin (see f) above. above).
- the amplification product is denatured by sodium hydroxide and the detection is carried out using the anti-5 MeC monoclonal antibody, the binding of which is revealed as indicated previously by a anti-mouse IgG antibody, labeled with peroxidase.
- the sensitivity threshold of the method is then two target DNA molecules.
- the intensity of the signal increases with the amount of amplification product, which allows quantification.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU30814/95A AU3081495A (en) | 1994-07-21 | 1995-07-21 | Nucleic acid amplification method using a modified nucleoside, and detection of the amplification product using antibodies |
EP95926413A EP0770144A1 (fr) | 1994-07-21 | 1995-07-21 | Procede d'amplification d'acide nucleique a l'aide d'un nucleoside modifie, et detection du produit d'amplification a l'aide d'anticorps |
JP8505525A JPH10505230A (ja) | 1994-07-21 | 1995-07-21 | 修飾ヌクレオシドを用いての核酸の増幅方法及び抗体を用いての増幅生成物の検出 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR94/09041 | 1994-07-21 | ||
FR9409041A FR2722799B1 (fr) | 1994-07-21 | 1994-07-21 | Procede d'amplification d'acide nucleique a l'aide d'un nucleoside modifie, et detection du produit d'amplification a l'aide d'anticorps |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996003526A1 true WO1996003526A1 (fr) | 1996-02-08 |
Family
ID=9465616
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1995/000985 WO1996003526A1 (fr) | 1994-07-21 | 1995-07-21 | Procede d'amplification d'acide nucleique a l'aide d'un nucleoside modifie, et detection du produit d'amplification a l'aide d'anticorps |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0770144A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH10505230A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU3081495A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2195480A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2722799B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1996003526A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998002584A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-22 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Detection efficace de l'adn du virus epstein-barr |
WO2001014591A1 (fr) * | 1999-08-21 | 2001-03-01 | Fox John S | Detection a grande sensibilite de biomolecules, au moyen de particules magnetiques |
US6200757B1 (en) | 1999-01-19 | 2001-03-13 | Dade Behring Inc. | Method for controlling the extension of an oligonucleotide |
EP3037531A4 (fr) * | 2013-08-21 | 2017-04-26 | Fujirebio Inc. | Procédé et kit pour mesurer une base d'acide nucléique modifiée à l'aide d'une sonde d'acide nucléique hétérogène |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002053768A2 (fr) * | 2001-01-05 | 2002-07-11 | Diagnosticart Llc | Procedes et appareil de detection immune rapide d'adn |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1989009281A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-10-05 | Akzo N.V. | Procede d'amplification et de detection d'acide nucleique dans un liquide test |
WO1990010708A1 (fr) * | 1989-03-09 | 1990-09-20 | The Sendai Institute Of Microbiology | Anticorps monoclonal, et procede d'analyse, kit de reactif, procede de recherche et medicament utilisant ledit anticorps |
WO1992001814A2 (fr) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-02-06 | F. Hoffmann-La-Roche Ag | Reduction d'amplification non-specifique au cours d'une amplification in vitro d'acide nucleique utilisant des bases d'acide nucleique modifiees |
JPH05273209A (ja) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-22 | Takara Shuzo Co Ltd | Dna検出用キット |
US5258284A (en) * | 1991-01-22 | 1993-11-02 | University Of Maryland, School Of Medicine | Nucleic acid probes specific for pathogenic strains of vibrio vulnificus and method employing the same |
US5316948A (en) * | 1992-09-04 | 1994-05-31 | Life Technologies, Inc. | N4 -methyl-2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and its use in polymerase-catalyzed nucleic acid syntheses |
-
1994
- 1994-07-21 FR FR9409041A patent/FR2722799B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-07-21 JP JP8505525A patent/JPH10505230A/ja active Pending
- 1995-07-21 AU AU30814/95A patent/AU3081495A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-21 CA CA002195480A patent/CA2195480A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-21 WO PCT/FR1995/000985 patent/WO1996003526A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-07-21 EP EP95926413A patent/EP0770144A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1989009281A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-10-05 | Akzo N.V. | Procede d'amplification et de detection d'acide nucleique dans un liquide test |
WO1990010708A1 (fr) * | 1989-03-09 | 1990-09-20 | The Sendai Institute Of Microbiology | Anticorps monoclonal, et procede d'analyse, kit de reactif, procede de recherche et medicament utilisant ledit anticorps |
WO1992001814A2 (fr) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-02-06 | F. Hoffmann-La-Roche Ag | Reduction d'amplification non-specifique au cours d'une amplification in vitro d'acide nucleique utilisant des bases d'acide nucleique modifiees |
US5258284A (en) * | 1991-01-22 | 1993-11-02 | University Of Maryland, School Of Medicine | Nucleic acid probes specific for pathogenic strains of vibrio vulnificus and method employing the same |
JPH05273209A (ja) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-22 | Takara Shuzo Co Ltd | Dna検出用キット |
US5316948A (en) * | 1992-09-04 | 1994-05-31 | Life Technologies, Inc. | N4 -methyl-2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and its use in polymerase-catalyzed nucleic acid syntheses |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 9347, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 93-371426 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998002584A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-22 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Detection efficace de l'adn du virus epstein-barr |
US6200757B1 (en) | 1999-01-19 | 2001-03-13 | Dade Behring Inc. | Method for controlling the extension of an oligonucleotide |
WO2001014591A1 (fr) * | 1999-08-21 | 2001-03-01 | Fox John S | Detection a grande sensibilite de biomolecules, au moyen de particules magnetiques |
EP3037531A4 (fr) * | 2013-08-21 | 2017-04-26 | Fujirebio Inc. | Procédé et kit pour mesurer une base d'acide nucléique modifiée à l'aide d'une sonde d'acide nucléique hétérogène |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH10505230A (ja) | 1998-05-26 |
CA2195480A1 (fr) | 1996-02-08 |
FR2722799A1 (fr) | 1996-01-26 |
AU3081495A (en) | 1996-02-22 |
EP0770144A1 (fr) | 1997-05-02 |
FR2722799B1 (fr) | 1996-10-04 |
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