WO1993014396A1 - Gas sensor and its manufacture - Google Patents
Gas sensor and its manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- WO1993014396A1 WO1993014396A1 PCT/JP1993/000012 JP9300012W WO9314396A1 WO 1993014396 A1 WO1993014396 A1 WO 1993014396A1 JP 9300012 W JP9300012 W JP 9300012W WO 9314396 A1 WO9314396 A1 WO 9314396A1
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- type semiconductor
- gas sensor
- gas
- particles
- contact
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
Definitions
- the present invention is used for detecting a trace amount of gas contained in a gas.
- the present invention relates to a gas sensor that detects a test gas such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbon, and the like.
- the present invention is applicable to general households or business establishments using fuel gas, mining and other workplaces with underground work, business establishments that produce or refine gas, facilities that transport or refine petroleum, and others. Available.
- One of the inventors of the present invention suggested in the above-mentioned known literature that a semiconductor junction having a rectifying property is effective for detecting hydrogen gas and water vapor in air, but at this stage the effect is sufficiently elucidated. As such, the types of gases that can be detected and the configuration of industrially applicable methods or equipment are not disclosed.
- An object of the present invention is to further improve the gas sensors disclosed in the above-mentioned references 4 and 5, and to provide a gas sensor having practical characteristics and suitable for mass production. More specifically, the present invention provides stable characteristics, improves the flow of the test gas introduced into the contact portion, increases the contact area between the semiconductor contact portion and the gas, and provides a gas having good characteristics. It is an object to provide a sensor.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a gas sensor, wherein a p-type semiconductor film and an n-type semiconductor film that are in contact with each other are formed as thick films on a substrate, respectively.
- the thick film refers to a film formed by coating or printing and subsequent baking or drying, or a film formed by thermal spraying.
- the p-type semiconductor a combination CuO, NiO, CoO, Cr 2 0 o, Cu 2 ⁇ , Mo0 2, Ag 2 0, Bi 9 ⁇ 3, Pr 2 0 3, MnO , either SiC, or it Can be used.
- the semiconductor film Li o 0, A1? 0 3, Si0 2, Nb ⁇ 0 5, Cr o 0 3, CaO, La 2 0 o, comprise as additives any one or more materials of Ga 2 Oo Can be.
- means are provided to block the air flow between the two semiconductors except for the contact portion.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a method for producing the same, wherein a first paste-like substance mainly composed of particles of a P-type semiconductor material and a second paste-like substance mainly composed of particles of an n-type semiconductor material Is applied or printed so that the first and second paste-like substances are in contact with each other so that they respectively contact the two electrodes formed on the surface of the electrically insulating substrate, and the paste-like substance is fired. It is characterized by doing.
- This manufacturing method can be based on thermal spraying. That is, a first paste-like substance mainly composed of particles of a p-type semiconductor material and a second paste-like substance mainly composed of particles of an n-type semiconductor material are formed on an electrically insulating substrate surface.
- a third aspect of the present invention is a gas sensor, in which particles of a P-type semiconductor material and particles of an n-type semiconductor material are kneaded so as to be in contact with each other and formed into a solid. And a gas sensor including a structure in which a gas containing a test gas is introduced into a contact portion of the particles.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is a method for producing the same, in which a kneaded paste-like substance containing both particles of a p-type semiconductor material and particles of an n-type semiconductor material is brought into contact with an electrode formed on the surface of an electrically insulating substrate. It is characterized in that it is applied or printed on a paper and the paste-like substance is fired.
- This manufacturing method can be based on thermal spraying. That is, the present invention is characterized in that a kneaded paste-like substance containing both particles made of a P- type semiconductor material and particles made of an n-type semiconductor material is sprayed so as to be in contact with an electrode formed on the surface of an electrically insulating substrate.
- the paste-like substance is composed of solid particles and a vehicle, and the vehicle is in the range of 5 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the solid particles. Add. This makes it possible to control the film thickness during coating or printing. In addition, it is possible to control the degree of porosity of the thick film formed during firing.
- the vehicle is preferably a solution in which ethyl cellulose or another derivative is dissolved in an organic solvent. Ethyl cellulose has the property of improving the properties of the coating film.
- the blending amount and amount of the solvent are selected in consideration of the viscosity of the paste-like substance, the temperature at the time of firing, and the like.
- the solid particles are particles of p-type semiconductor material and / or n-type semiconductor material, glass powder and other additives.
- the compounding ratio of the semiconductor particles to the additive is selected between 5 and 95% by weight.
- the thus weighed solid particles and the vehicle are preliminarily kneaded to loosen secondary or tertiary agglomeration of the solid particles, and then dispersed and pulverized and kneaded to uniformly disperse the solid particles in the vehicle. Finish kneading is preferably performed to further improve the uniformity.
- an automated kneading means using a mortar or pestle called an automatic mortar or crusher is used.
- a roll mill generally called a three-roll mill was used. Finish kneading is performed to further improve the uniformity of solid particles. Finish kneading also uses an automatic mortar or crusher.
- the pre-drying is preferably performed at an arbitrary temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. for 1 to 30 minutes.
- main drying is performed at an almost constant temperature of 200 to 350 ° C for 1 to 60 minutes.
- firing is performed at an arbitrary temperature between 350 and 1450 ° C. for 5 to 180 minutes.
- a thick film is a film formed by coating or printing followed by baking or drying, or a film formed by thermal spraying.In the case of a semiconductor, the particle diameter is about 0.1 ⁇ 111 to 20 // 111. It is obtained by printing and firing a paste-like substance obtained by kneading the particles, or by spraying.
- the thick film formed in this manner is compared with a conventional technology in which a film formed by firing as a bulk is brought into mechanical contact with the bulk.
- a stable P-n contact is formed and shows stable characteristics.
- the p-type semiconductor thick film and the n- type semiconductor thick film may be formed side by side on the same substrate, or may be formed so as to be in contact with each other after being formed on separate substrates.
- the P-type semiconductor particles and the II-type semiconductor particles are brought into contact with each other inside the film, and the test gas is supplied to the contact portion. It has been found that the structure to be introduced may be adopted. This structure is particularly stable and excellent as a practical structure.
- the P-type semiconductor thick film and the n-type semiconductor thick film are formed separately, normally, a forward bias voltage is applied to the contact portion, and the test gas is detected by a change in the current.
- a forward bias voltage is applied to the contact portion, and the test gas is detected by a change in the current.
- P-type semiconductor particles and n-type semiconductor particles are mixed, there is no distinction between forward and reverse directions between the semiconductor particles, and alternating current can be used as a bias voltage.
- the electrode may be provided between the substrate and the semiconductor thick film, or may be provided on the surface of the semiconductor thick film. It is convenient to form a thick film also for the electrodes.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a gas sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a use state of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an electrode pattern.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of an electrode pattern.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of an electrode pattern.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of compounding and preparing the paste-like substance.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a test result of the first example, and is a diagram showing a change in the current value when the type of the test gas is changed over time.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8B is a sectional view thereof.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the electrodes and turns used in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing test results of the second embodiment, and shows a change in current value when the type of test gas is changed over time.
- FIG. 11a is a plan view showing a partially modified example of the second embodiment
- FIG. 1 lb is a transverse sectional view thereof.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating test results of the second example, and is a diagram illustrating a change in a current value when the type of a test gas is changed over time.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention, showing a state before being assembled as a gas sensor.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing the assembled state of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the test results of the fifth example, and is a diagram showing a change in the current value when the type of the test gas is changed over time.
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing a partially modified example of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the same gas sensor as in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention, showing a state before being assembled as a gas sensor.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing a state after assembly of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example in which a part of the structure of the seventh embodiment is modified.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the structure of the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a partially modified example of FIG.
- FIG. 25 is a plan view showing a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a plan view showing an electrode “turn”.
- FIG. 27 is a view for explaining the procedure for mixing pastes and preparing the same.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the test results of the ninth embodiment, where the horizontal axis shows the bias voltage and the vertical axis shows the current change rate.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing the test results of the ninth embodiment, showing a change in the current value when the type of the test gas is changed over time.
- FIG. 30 is a view showing the same test result when the distance between the electrodes is changed with respect to the test result of FIG. 28.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the test results of the ninth example, in which the horizontal axis shows the concentration of Cl 2 gas and the vertical axis shows the current change rate.
- FIG. 32 is a sectional view showing a partially modified example of the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating another test result of the gas sensor having the structure of the first embodiment, and is a diagram illustrating a change in a current value when the type of the test gas is changed over time.
- FIG. 34 is a plan view showing a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 is a plan view showing an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 is a view for explaining a microscopic structure of a pn mixed semiconductor thick film.
- FIG. 37 is a wiring diagram showing an example of applying an alternating current to a pn mixed semiconductor thick film.
- Fig. 38 is a diagram showing an example of operating with alternating current when each oxide semiconductor of pn is separately provided.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an example of a heater pattern.
- FIG. 41 is a perspective view showing a cylindrical substrate and electrodes.
- FIG. 42 is a perspective view showing an example in which a pn mixed semiconductor thick film is provided on a cylindrical substrate and electrodes.
- Fig. 43 Explanation of spraying pn mixed semiconductor material particles on a cylindrical substrate by thermal spraying FIG.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram showing an example of a heater when a cylindrical substrate is used.
- FIG. 45 is a view showing another example of the heater when a cylindrical substrate is used.
- FIG. 46 is a view showing a characteristic example of a gas sensor in which a CxiO thick film and a ZnO thick film are pressed against each other.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a gas sensor, and a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a paste-like substance.
- FIG. 48 is a view showing the method for manufacturing the gas sensor, and showing the procedure of the printing step and the firing step.
- FIG. 49 is a diagram showing a current change ratio with respect to a bias voltage when a forward direction noise is applied by pressing a NiO thick film and a ZnO thick film.
- FIG. 50 is a view showing a current change ratio with respect to a bias voltage when a CuO thick film and a ZnO thick film are pressed against each other and a reverse noise is applied.
- FIG. 51 is a graph showing a current change ratio with respect to a bias voltage when a CuO-NiO thick film and a ZnO thick film are pressed and a forward bias is applied.
- Figure 52 is a diagram showing a current change ratio Bruno ⁇ scan voltage when applying a forward Bruno ⁇ Iasu pressed against the CuO thick film and Ti0 2 thick. .
- FIG. 53 is a diagram showing an example of bias voltage versus current characteristics of a pn mixed semiconductor thick film.
- FIG. 54 is a diagram showing a voltage change when an AC voltage is applied to a pn mixed semiconductor thick film.
- FIG. 55a is a plan view showing a structural example of a gas sensor provided with pn separately, and FIG. 55b is a transverse sectional view thereof.
- FIG. 56 is a view showing an example of characteristics obtained by the structures of FIGS. 55a and 55b.
- Fig. 57 is a diagram showing the schematic configuration of the test equipment used to examine the characteristics of the prototype gas sensor.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a gas sensor according to a first example of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a use state of the gas sensor.
- an electrode 13 is provided on the surface of a substrate 11 so as to be connected to the electrode 13.
- a P-type semiconductor thick film 15 is provided.
- a substrate 12 separate from the substrate 11 is provided, an electrode 14 is provided on the surface thereof, and an n-type semiconductor thick film 16 is provided on the surface of the electrode 14.
- the p-type semiconductor thick film 15 and the n-type semiconductor thick film 16 are in mechanical contact with each other, and a gas containing a test gas is introduced into the contact portion.
- the p-type semiconductor thick film 15 and the n-type semiconductor thick film 16 are each formed as a thick film. That is, the p-type semiconductor thick film 15 is formed by printing a paste-like substance containing particles of the p-type semiconductor material as a main solid component on the substrate 11 so as to be in contact with the electrode 13 and firing the paste-like substance. It is a membrane. Similarly, the n-type semiconductor thick film 16 is formed by printing a paste-like substance having particles of the n-type semiconductor material as a main solid component on the substrate 12 so as to be in contact with the electrode 14 and firing the paste-like substance. Film.
- the paste-like substances printed on the substrate 11 and the substrate 12 may be dried, and then superposed so as to be in contact with each other, and then fired. In this way, the two semiconductor thick films 15 and 16 can be brought into contact with each other and fixed mechanically.
- a positive DC voltage ie, a forward bias voltage is applied to the p-side electrode 13 and a negative n-type electrode 14 as shown in FIG.
- the operation at this time is in principle equivalent to that described in the above-mentioned document 1, and when a gas containing the test gas is introduced into the contact portion between the two semiconductor thick films 15 and 16, the current flowing through the contact portion Use that the value changes.
- FIG. 3 to 5 show pattern examples of the electrodes 13 and 14.
- FIG. FIG. 3 shows an entire region as an electrode
- FIG. 4 shows a comb-shaped pattern
- FIG. 5 shows a grid-like pattern in which the grid area has an irregularity. It is convenient to form a thick film also for the electrodes 13 and 14, and in that case, various patterns of electrodes can be formed.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the paste-like substance of the first embodiment.
- Table 1 Pasty substance consisting of p-type semiconductor material particles
- Pasty substance composed of p-type semiconductor material particles
- FIG. 6 shows the procedure for preparing the paste-like substance.
- BCA is a butyl carbitol acetate.
- DBP is di-n-butyl phthalate.
- FIG. 7 shows test results of the gas sensor having the structure of FIG. 1 using the electrode shown in FIG. 4 and the circuit shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis is time, which shows the temperature of the gas sensor, the gas switching signal indicating the gas switching timing, and the time change of the current with respect to it.
- the unit is pA for current and x10 ° C for temperature. That is, the temperature of the gas sensor was maintained at 260 ° C, and a bias voltage of 0.7 V was applied in the forward direction with a direct current.
- the test gases were CO, H 2 , and CgHg, each with a concentration of 4000 ppm.
- Figure 7 shows that there is sensitivity for each of the test gases. In particular, it can be seen that under these conditions, there is excellent sensitivity to CO.
- FIG. 8a and 8b are views showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8a is a plan view
- FIG. 8b is a cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 9 shows an electrode pattern used in this embodiment.
- two comb-shaped electrodes 23 and electrodes 24 are provided on the surface of the same insulating substrate 21, and a P-type semiconductor thick film 25 and an n-type semiconductor thick film 26 are in contact with the electrodes 23 and 24, respectively.
- This is different from the first embodiment in that it is formed on the same surface.
- the two semiconductor thick films 25 and 26 are in contact with each other, and a gas containing a test gas is introduced into the contact portion.
- composition of the paste-like substance is as shown in Table 1 shown above.
- FIG. 9 Using the electrode shown in FIG. 9, a gas sensor having the structure shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b was tested with the circuit shown in FIG. Figure 10 shows the test results.
- the horizontal axis in Fig. 10 is time, and the vertical axis is current and temperature of the contact part.
- Test gas was CO, Ho, and 4000ppm each concentration C 3 H 8.
- FIG. 11A and lib show the structure of the third embodiment.
- the third embodiment has a structure that can be regarded as a partially modified example of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is a plan view, and FIG.
- a protective film 27 was provided on the surfaces of the p-type semiconductor thick film 25 and the n-type semiconductor thick film 26 except for the pn contact portion.
- the protective film 27 blocks the gas and prevents the gas from touching any part other than the pn contact part.
- the composition of the paste-like substance is as shown in Table 1 shown in the above example.
- FIG. 12 shows the test results of the third embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents current change and contact temperature.
- the temperature of the gas sensor, the gas switching signal indicating the gas switching timing, and the change in current corresponding thereto are shown.
- the test conditions are the same as those in the second embodiment shown in FIG. That is, the temperature of the gas sensor is 260 ° C, and the bias voltage is IV in the forward direction.
- Test gases CO, H 0, respectively concentration C3H0 was 4000 ppm.
- FIG. 13 is a transverse sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a side view showing the fifth embodiment. It is sectional drawing. These embodiments are different from the second embodiment in the positional relationship between the electrode and the semiconductor thick film with respect to the substrate. Thus, an electrode can be formed.
- a p-type semiconductor thick film 35 and an n-type semiconductor thick film 36 are formed directly on the surface of a substrate 31, and electrodes 33 and 34 are provided on the surface.
- FIG. 13 is a transverse sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a side view showing the fifth embodiment. It is sectional drawing.
- These embodiments are different from the second embodiment in the positional relationship between the electrode and the semiconductor thick film with respect to the substrate.
- an electrode can be formed.
- a p-type semiconductor thick film 35 and an n-type semiconductor thick film 36 are formed directly on the surface of a substrate 31, and electrodes 33 and 34 are provided on the surface.
- an n-side electrode 44 and a p-type semiconductor thick film 45 are formed on the surface of a substrate 41, and an n-type semiconductor thick film 46 and a p-side electrode 43 are formed on the surface, respectively. Are formed.
- the p-type and n-type configurations shown in these examples can be inverted.
- FIG. 15 and 16 are cross-sectional views showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 shows a state before assembling as a gas sensor
- FIG. 16 shows a state after assembling.
- This embodiment is characterized in that two semiconductor thick films are formed discretely instead of in a plane, and the ⁇ -type semiconductor thick film and the n-type semiconductor thick film are brought into contact with each other by a half pitch. That is, a comb-shaped electrode 53 is provided on the surface of the substrate 51, and a p-type semiconductor thick film 55 is formed in contact with the electrode 53. Similarly, a comb-shaped electrode 54 and an n-type semiconductor thick film 56 in contact with the electrode 54 are provided on the surface of the substrate 52. As shown in FIG.
- the p-type semiconductor thick film 55 and the n-type semiconductor thick film 56 are brought into contact with a shift of a half pitch.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing test results of the sixth embodiment. That is, a gas sensor having the structure shown in FIG. 16 was tested using the circuit shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in Fig. 17 is time, and the vertical axis is current and temperature at the contact part. This figure further shows the timing of the gas switching signal.
- the composition of the paste-like substance of the sixth embodiment is as shown in Table 1 above.
- the test conditions are the same as those in the second embodiment shown in FIG. That is, the temperature of the gas sensor is 260 ° C, and the bias voltage is IV in the forward direction.
- Test gas is CO, H 2, each concentration Eta 8 was 4000 ppm.
- FIG. 18 and 19 are views showing a partially modified example of the sixth example, and FIG. 18 is a perspective view and FIG. 19 shows a cross-sectional view.
- the glass powder in order to mechanically press the two substrates 51 and 52, the glass powder is melted and welded.
- the welded portion 59 is formed in a dotted shape so that the gas can easily pass, and the mechanical pressure contact state is stabilized. This structure improves manufacturing yield.
- FIG. 20 and 21 are cross-sectional views showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 shows a state before assembly as a gas sensor
- FIG. 21 shows a state after assembly.
- This embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that the tops thereof are in contact with each other without shifting the pitch between the P-type semiconductor thick film and the II-type semiconductor thick film. That is, a comb-shaped electrode 63 is provided on the surface of the substrate 61, and a p-type semiconductor thick film 65 is formed in contact with the electrode 63. Similarly, a comb-shaped electrode 64 and an n-type semiconductor thick film 66 in contact with the electrode 64 are provided on the surface of the substrate 62. The p-type semiconductor thick film 65 and the n-type semiconductor thick film 66 are arranged so as to face each other. In this configuration, the intersection in manufacturing can be made large, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In FIGS. 19 and 20, a thick semiconductor film is not provided on the side surfaces of the electrodes 63 and 64, but this portion may be covered with a thick semiconductor film as in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing a partially modified example of the seventh embodiment.
- at least a part of each of the substrates 61 and 62, the electrodes 63 and 64, the p-type semiconductor thick film 65 and the n-type semiconductor thick film 66 is formed to be porous, and this porous portion is tested. The gas passes through to reach the pn contact.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the eighth embodiment.
- This example is a partially modified example of the seventh embodiment. Except for the contact portion between the p-type semiconductor thick film 65 and the n-type semiconductor thick film 66, the electrodes 63 and 64 and the two semiconductor thick films 65 and 66 are formed.
- a protective film 67 is provided to cover. This protective film 67 shuts off the gas and prevents the gas from touching any part other than the pn contact part. This further improves the sensitivity to the test gas.
- FIG. 24 is an example in which the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 23 is further partially modified.
- the side of the contact portion of Pn is exposed so that gas is introduced into that region.
- the side of the pn contact portion is completely covered with the protective film 67, and A gas vent hole 68 is provided at the P-n contact portion of the device to positively introduce gas.
- the sensitivity to the test gas is further improved.
- FIG. 25 is a plan view showing a ninth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 26 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern of the ninth embodiment.
- electrodes 73 and 74 are provided on the surface of the same insulating ceramic 71, and connected to these electrodes 73 and 74, particles of the p-type semiconductor material and particles of the n-type semiconductor material are separated. It is characterized in that a pn mixed semiconductor thick film 75 which is mixed and formed into a solid is provided.
- a pn mixed semiconductor thick film 75 which is mixed and formed into a solid is provided.
- two comb-shaped electrodes 73 and 74 are formed on the surface of a substrate 71, and a p-type semiconductor is placed in contact with both of the electrodes 73 and 74.
- a paste-like substance obtained by uniformly kneading the particles of the n-type semiconductor material and the particles of the n-type semiconductor material is applied or printed, and then fired.
- Figure 27 shows the procedure for preparing this paste-like substance.
- FIG. 28 shows the results of testing the gas sensor shown in Figure 25 with the electrode pattern shown in Figure 26.
- the horizontal axis is the bias voltage [V]
- the vertical axis is the current change rate [%].
- the composition of the base substance is as shown in Table 2.
- the joint was maintained at 260 ° C for the duration of the test.
- Test gas is CO, an air balance of H 2 both 4000 ppm. As can be seen from Fig. 28, it is sensitive to CO near the noise voltage of 3V, and becomes H near the bias voltage of 8V. Sensitivity to That is, it is understood that there is selectivity for the type of the test gas depending on the bias voltage.
- FIG. 29 shows the results of a test of the gas sensor shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents current and the temperature of the contact portion.
- the joint was maintained at 260 ° C for the duration of the test.
- the test gases CO, H 0 , and C 3 H 8 all have an air balance of 4000 ppm.
- Fig. 1 shows the test results when the distance between the electrodes was changed instead of changing the mixing ratio of the paste-like substance.
- FIG. 32 is a sectional view showing a partially modified example of the ninth embodiment.
- a porous ceramic is used as the substrate 71 so that gas passes through the substrate 71.
- the pii semiconductor thick film 75 can also be made porous.
- the electrodes 73 and 74 can be made porous.
- only the pn semiconductor thick film 75 can be made porous. ⁇ .
- Fig. 33 shows the test results of the gas sensor manufactured with the structure shown in Fig. 32 and the paste-like substances shown in Table 3 mixed.
- the horizontal axis is time
- the vertical axis is current and temperature of the contact portion.
- the joint was maintained at 260 ° C for the duration of the test.
- the bias voltage is 5V.
- the test gases CO, H 0 , and C 3 H 8 all have an air balance of 4000 ppm. In this example, it can be seen that the current value is large overall and the sensitivity is improved.
- FIG. 34 is a plan view showing a tenth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 35 is a plan view showing the eleventh embodiment.
- one electrode is provided on the surface of the semiconductor thick film. That is, a comb-shaped electrode 83 is provided on the surface of the substrate 81, and a pn mixed semiconductor thick film 85 formed by kneading particles of a p-type semiconductor material and particles of an n-type semiconductor material so as to be in contact with the electrode 83 is formed.
- a comb-shaped electrode 84 is provided on the surface of the pn mixed semiconductor thick film 85.
- both electrodes are provided on the surface of the semiconductor thick film. That is, a pn mixed semiconductor thick film 95 is provided on the surface of the substrate 91, and comb-shaped electrodes 93 and 94 are formed on the surface.
- FIG. 36 is a view for explaining the microscopic structure of a pn mixed semiconductor thick film.
- the P-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor are separated from each other. Instead of forming the particles, the particles of each other are mixed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 36, the p-type semiconductor particles and the n-type semiconductor particles are in contact with the opposing electrodes 103 and 104, respectively.
- FIG. 37 shows an example in which an alternating current is applied to a mixed semiconductor thick film of p-type semiconductor particles and n-type semiconductor particles having one-n contact as shown in FIG.
- the gas to be detected can be detected by detecting a change in current with such a circuit. Since an AC voltage can be applied as a power supply or a bias voltage, there is an advantage that a rectifier is not required by converting a commercial power supply with a transformer or directly using the commercial power supply. Also, since the signal processing of the detection signal can be performed by the AC signal from which the DC component has been removed by the coupling capacitor, there is an advantage that the sensitivity is substantially improved by using an amplifier, a noise removing circuit, or the like.
- Fig. 38 shows an example of a circuit for this AC operation.
- Figure 39 shows the equivalent circuit.
- the structure example of this sensor shown in FIG. 38 is a partially modified example of the first embodiment, in which both the p-type semiconductor thick film 15 and the n-type semiconductor thickness are provided on the substrates 11 and 12 provided with the electrodes 13 and 14, respectively.
- a membrane 16 is provided.
- this is equivalent to a structure in which two structures of the first embodiment are used and connected in parallel in opposite directions.
- the gas sensor can be operated with alternating current. There are the same advantages as described above when operated by alternating current.
- FIG. 40 shows an example of the heater pattern. Gas sensors using semiconductors need to be heated for operation. Therefore, for example, a structure in which heating is performed from the back surface of the substrate using a heater having the pattern shown in FIG. 40 is preferable.
- FIG. 41 shows an example of the shape of the substrate and the electrodes.
- a flat substrate is used as the substrate.
- a cylindrical substrate 111 may be used, and the electrodes 113 and 4 may be provided on the surface thereof.
- a pn mixed semiconductor thick film 115 may be provided on the surfaces of the electrodes 113 and 114, and at least one of the electrodes 113 and 114 is provided on the surface of the pn mixed semiconductor thick film. Is also good.
- the substrate has a cylindrical shape, it is easy to form a thick film by using thermal spraying instead of coating or printing.
- the nozzle can be moved in the axial direction, and the pn semiconductor material particles can be produced while being sprayed.
- FIGS. 44 and 45 show examples of heaters when a cylindrical substrate is used. That is, a structure in which a heater is inserted inside a cylindrical substrate is shown. When the substrate is cylindrical, it can be uniformly heated using a coil heater. In addition, as shown in Fig. 45, the influence of the electromagnetic field can be reduced even in the case of a cylindrical shape by devising the winding method of the heater.
- FIG. 46 is a diagram showing a characteristic example of a gas sensor having a structure shown in FIG. 1 and a CuO thick film and a ZnO thick film which are different from the above-mentioned example, and each of CO, H 0 and C 3 H 8 is present. The amount of current change with respect to the bias voltage is shown below.
- FIGS. 47 and 48 are views showing a method of manufacturing a gas sensor used for measuring the characteristics
- FIG. 47 shows a method of producing a paste-like substance
- FIG. 48 shows a procedure of a printing step and a firing step.
- Figure 49 to Figure 50 is CO, and C 3 H.
- Fig. 49 shows an example of the characteristics of the prototype gas sensor for each of Fig. 49.
- Fig. 49 shows the results when the NiO thick film and the ZnO thick film were pressed against each other and a forward bias was applied.
- Fig. 50 shows the CuO thick film and the ZnO thick film.
- FIG. 52 is CuO thick film and Ti0 2 thickness The graph shows the current change ratio with respect to the bias voltage when a forward bias is applied by pressing the film.
- the concentration of each of CO, H 2 and C 0 H 8 was 4000 ppm, and the ambient temperature was 260 ° C.
- Table 4 shows the CO gas sensitivity and gas selectivity. The additives used are shown in parentheses in Table 4. Table 4
- FIG. 53 shows an example of a bias voltage versus current characteristic of a pn mixed semiconductor thick film. However, the vertical axis is the absolute value of the current value. In this example, a mixture of CuO and ZnO was measured at an ambient temperature of 260 ° C. As shown in FIG. 53, no rectification characteristics can be obtained between the electrodes.
- FIG. 54 shows the voltage change when an AC voltage is applied to the same pn mixed semiconductor thick film as in FIG. As shown in Fig. 54, the voltage differs when the atmosphere is air only and when 4000 ppm of CO is mixed into the air.
- FIGS. 55a and 55b a structural example of a gas sensor in which a p-type region and an n-type region are mixed is shown in FIGS. 55a and 55b, and a characteristic example obtained with the structure is shown in FIG. 56.
- FIG. 55a is a plan view
- FIG. 55b is a cross-sectional view.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents current and the temperature of the contact portion.
- Fig. 57 shows the outline of the test equipment used to examine the characteristics of the prototype gas sensor.
- the gas sensor 200 to be measured is placed in a tubular furnace 203, and the tubular furnace 203 is charged. Air, CO, H 2, or C 3 H 8 was passed through the magnetic valve 201 and the mass flow meter 202, and the temperature was controlled by the temperature controller 204.
- the applied voltage and current to the measured gas sensor 200 were measured by a voltmeter / ammeter 205, and the measured values were processed by a personal computer 206 and stored in an external station device 207.
- Solenoid valve 201 is air, three levels of CO, H 2, C 3 has become H or by selecting one of vo chi configured to be supplied in a tubular furnace 203, is supplied through the relay 209 from the controller 208 Operated by control signal.
- the personal computer 206 captures the current value detected by the voltage / ammeter 205, the personal computer 206 outputs a control signal for gas switching to the controller 208 when an appropriate time has elapsed.
- the gas sensor of the present invention has excellent characteristics and is suitable for mass production. Furthermore, the present invention can provide a gas sensor that exhibits stable characteristics, improves the flow of the test gas introduced into the contact portion, increases the contact area between the semiconductor contact portion and the gas, and exhibits good characteristics. .
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for detecting carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and other test gases, and is used for general households, business establishments, mining and other workplaces involving subordinate operations, gas production or purification. It can be effectively used in business establishments, facilities that transport or refine petroleum, and others. Furthermore, it is extremely effective when used for process control that performs control based on gas detection.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019930702699A KR100253633B1 (ko) | 1992-01-10 | 1993-01-08 | 가스센서 및 그 제조 방법 |
EP93901564A EP0575628B1 (en) | 1992-01-10 | 1993-01-08 | Gas sensor and its manufacture |
JP05512329A JP3081244B2 (ja) | 1992-01-10 | 1993-01-08 | ガスセンサおよびその製造方法 |
DE69326199T DE69326199T2 (de) | 1992-01-10 | 1993-01-08 | Gassensor und seine herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP329492 | 1992-01-10 | ||
JP4/3294 | 1992-01-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1993014396A1 true WO1993014396A1 (en) | 1993-07-22 |
Family
ID=11553365
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1993/000012 WO1993014396A1 (en) | 1992-01-10 | 1993-01-08 | Gas sensor and its manufacture |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5618496A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP0928964A3 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP3081244B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100253633B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69326199T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1993014396A1 (ja) |
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JP2014082197A (ja) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-05-08 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 複合膜の製造方法 |
WO2015029541A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | 株式会社村田製作所 | ガスセンサ、ガスセンサの製造方法、及びガス濃度の検出方法 |
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- 1993-01-08 EP EP99102798A patent/EP0928964A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-01-08 KR KR1019930702699A patent/KR100253633B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-08 JP JP05001915A patent/JP3081399B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-08 EP EP93901564A patent/EP0575628B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995010039A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-05 | 1995-04-13 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Detecteur de gaz et procede permettant de faire la distinction entre plusieurs gas |
US5602324A (en) * | 1993-10-05 | 1997-02-11 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Gas sensor and gas discriminating method |
JP2014082197A (ja) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-05-08 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 複合膜の製造方法 |
WO2015029541A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | 株式会社村田製作所 | ガスセンサ、ガスセンサの製造方法、及びガス濃度の検出方法 |
JP6012005B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-10-25 | 株式会社村田製作所 | ガスセンサ、ガスセンサの製造方法、及びガス濃度の検出方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0928964A2 (en) | 1999-07-14 |
JP3081399B2 (ja) | 2000-08-28 |
EP0575628A4 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
JPH05249064A (ja) | 1993-09-28 |
US5618496A (en) | 1997-04-08 |
EP0575628B1 (en) | 1999-09-01 |
DE69326199D1 (de) | 1999-10-07 |
EP0928964A3 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
KR100253633B1 (ko) | 2000-04-15 |
JP3081244B2 (ja) | 2000-08-28 |
EP0575628A1 (en) | 1993-12-29 |
DE69326199T2 (de) | 2000-03-23 |
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