WO1992010624A1

WO1992010624A1 - Method for fastening an element to a surface in order to increase the overall heat insulation coefficient of a building wall

Info

Publication number: WO1992010624A1
Application number: PCT/CH1991/000253
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean-Louis Morel
Original assignee: Kenitex S.A.
Priority date: 1990-12-12
Filing date: 1991-12-10
Publication date: 1992-06-25

Abstract

The element to be fastened is a plate (1) of heat insulating material comprising a plurality of holes (2). The plate is applied to a layer of textured finish in a plastic condition so that the latter enters said holes. A further layer of textured finished is applied to the outside of the plate so that it also enters said holes. It is thereby possible to obtain an insulating element or assembly with a high heat insulation coefficient and good mechanical stability for covering the wall of a building.

Description

METHOD FOR FIXING A WORKPIECE ON A SURFACE AND APPLICATION

OF THIS PROCESS FOR INCREASING THE INSULATION COEFFICIENT

GLOBAL THERMAL OF A BUILDING WALL

The invention relates to a method for fixing on a surface a part having at least one flat face having a plurality of open cavities. The invention also relates to the application of this method for increasing the overall thermal insulation coefficient of a building wall and it also relates to a thermal insulation element, a method of manufacturing this element and the use of this element to increase the overall thermal insulation coefficient of a building wall.

The invention aims to allow the attachment of a room, such as a covering plate, on a surface such as the wall, the floor or the ceiling of a building room, or on the external surface d 'a building wall, using as a sole means of fixing this part the plaster normally used as a finishing layer for this surface. Another object of the invention is to provide a process which can be implemented on an industrial scale, in a simple, rapid and economical manner, for increasing the overall thermal insulation coefficient of a building wall, subsequently to the construction of it and regardless of this construction.

The invention also aims to provide a thermal insulation element which can be manufactured economically, either as a stand-alone element or when it is applied to a surface.

To this end, the fixing method according to the invention has the characteristics specified in claim 1, and the application of this method to increase the overall thermal insulation coefficient of a building wall is such that specified in claim 2. The thermal insulation element according to the invention has the characteristics specified in claim 3, and it may also have optional additional characteristics specified in claims 4 to 10. The method of manufacturing the thermal insulation element is as specified in claim 11 and the use of this element is as defined in claim 12.

The part to be fixed on the surface can be very varied in nature. It can be, for example, a covering plate such as a tiling or paving element, a marble plate, a thermal insulation plate, etc. The open cavities on the face which is applied to the plaster layer can be of any shape, and they can either result from the very structure of the material constituting the part or at least from the surface part thereof, either be practiced specially on the face of the part to be applied on the plaster layer, to allow the implementation of the process.

In order to facilitate the evacuation of the water, during the hardening of the plaster, in the case where it comprises a hydraulic binder or, in general, the evacuation of any other substance released in the state of liquid or steam, during hardening of the plaster, it may be advisable to make channels putting the cavities of the surface of the part applied on the plaster layer into communication with the free surface of this part.

In the case of the application of the method for increasing the overall thermal insulation coefficient of a building wall, any suitable material, natural, artificial or synthetic, may be used as the material constituting the plate of thermally insulating material, organic or mineral.

In particular, one can use plates made of expanded polystyrene, cork plates, plates based on mineral wool. The best results, in particular from the point of view of the degree of increase in the thermal insulation coefficient which can be achieved by implementing the method, have been obtained by using polystyrene plates as thermal insulation plates. foam having a density of approximately 20 kg / π.3, and a coefficient of thermal insulation having a value of approximately 0.035.

However, good results can also be obtained by using thermal insulation plates based on mineral wool, having a density of about 100 kg / m3. Advantageously, the cavities of the plate of thermally insulating material consist of holes passing right through this plate. Preferably, these holes are cylindrical in shape and their axes are perpendicular to the main faces of the plate of thermally insulating material. Also preferably, the openings of these cavities occupy between 7 and 30% of the surface of the plate of insulating material. To increase the drainage surface of any humidity, it may be advantageous for the holes to have a flared shape, at least at their end situated on the side intended to be turned towards the surface to be insulated.

As plaster, any plaster of cement or plaster suitable for each particular case of application of the process may be used. In the case of applying the method to increase the overall thermal insulation coefficient of a building wall, it is particularly advantageous to use a plaster having by itself a high thermal insulation coefficient, and in particular a plaster whose coefficient of thermal insulation has a value between 0.05 and 0.09. In particular, the best results have been obtained using an insulating plaster based on perlite and expanded polystyrene, whose lambda thermal insulation coefficient has a value of approximately 0.065.

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It may be advantageous to use, for the production of the plaster layer directly applied to the wall, a plaster having a high coefficient of diffusion of water vapor, for example a capillary plaster containing a hydraulic binder. On the other hand, with regard to the plaster layer applied to the face of the plate of thermally insulating material facing outwards, it may be preferable to use a capillary plaster containing a binder based on alkyd resin.

It should be noted that it is desirable that the plaster ensures, in addition to a thermal insulation function, a function of transmission and evacuation of water possibly coming from the surface to be insulated, this transmission being able to be carried out by means of capillary channels, through the plaster filling the holes crossing the plates of thermal insulating material, in particular in the case where this material is hydrophobic (most frequent case in practice).

One can incorporate in the plaster layers, in particular in that which is applied to the face of the plate of thermally insulating material facing outwards, one or more layers of mechanical reinforcement, for example a reinforcing fabric such as glass fiber fabric or mesh or metallic mesh.

On the other hand, the surface of the outer plaster layer may optionally be covered with one or more layers of coating such as one or more layers of hair protective coating.

The application of plaster can be carried out by any suitable technique, in particular by spraying.

We will now describe in detail, by way of non-limiting example, two particular embodiments of the thermal insulation element according to the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Fig. 1 shows a ve in elevation of a set of two plates of thermally insulating material, each of which is intended to form part of a thermal insulation element, according to a first embodiment of such an element;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a thermal insulation element produced using one of the plates of thermally insulating material illustrated in FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 shows a partially cutaway elevation view of a thermal insulation element produced using a set of two plates of thermally insulating material, according to a second embodiment of such an element;

Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of the thermal insulation element illustrated in FIG. 3.

Fig. 1 represents two rectangular plates 1, made of thermally insulating material, arranged edge to edge, along their longest sides, to illustrate the mutual position of these two plates when they are used to form a thermal insulating coating on the external surface d 'a building wall.

The plates 1 can be made of any suitable thermal insulating material and they are advantageously made of expanded polystyrene.

Each of the plates 1 is pierced with two series of circular through holes 2, perpendicular to the main faces of the plate 1 and whose axes are aligned in two parallel series of five holes each. By way of example, in the case of rectangular plates having a length of 100 cm and a width of 50 cm, as well as a thickness of 8 mm, the diameter of the holes 2 may advantageously have a value of 8 cm. Thus, the part of the surface of each plate occupied by the holes represents approximately 10% of the total surface of the plate. However, the number and the dimensions of the holes 2 could be different from those which have just been mentioned and illustrated in FIG. 1.

The thermal insulation element, designated as a whole, in FIG. 2, by the reference numeral 6, comprises a central part constituted by a plate 1 as well as a first layer of plaster 3 covering one of the main faces of the plate 1, and a second layer of plaster 4 covering the other main face of plate 1.

In the particular case illustrated in FIG. 2, the interior parts 5 corresponding to the holes 2 of the plate 1 are completely filled with plaster, so that the plaster layers 3 and 4 as well as the plaster filling the interior parts 5 in fact form a hardened mass in one piece . Thus, the plaster layers 3 and 4 are firmly anchored in the plate 1 and form with them an assembly of great cohesion in which the plate 1 is stiffened by the plaster.

it should however be noted that one could possibly obtain a sufficient stiffening of the plate 1 as well as a fairly effective anchoring of the plaster layers 3 and 4 in the plate 1, even in the case where some of the interior parts 5, or even all of them would be only partially filled with plaster.

The thermal insulation element 6 can either constitute an autonomous element intended to be part of a plurality of elements applied after their manufacture and complete hardening of the plaster, on the external surface of a wall, by any suitable fixing means. , using, for example, plastic anchor tubes with multiple fins, either be manufactured by first applying the plate 1 on a plaster layer covering the exterior surface of the wall, and by implementing the thermal insulation process mentioned upper. In the latter case, one of the plaster layers 3 and 4 is integral with the surface of the wall on which element 6 is applied, and it is not necessary to use means for fixing separate from the plaster layer itself.

The plates of thermally insulating material 13 forming part of the insulation panel 64 shown in FIG. 3 are similar to the plates 1 of FIG. 1. However, they each have a groove 7 which extends on one of their long side and on one of the adjacent short sides, as well as a projecting rim 8 (shown in section in FIG. 4), whose profile corresponds to that of the groove 7, on the other long side and the other short side. It is thus possible to assemble, on the one hand, a plurality of plates 13 as well as, on the other hand, a plurality of insulation elements 64 obtained from these plates.

The thermal insulation element 64 illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 comprises a plaster layer 9 on only one of the main faces of the plate of thermally insulating material 13, this plaster layer being anchored in the interior parts 54 of the plate 13, corresponding to the holes 23 thereof and filling a hollow space delimited by a peripheral form lug 14 perpendicular to the main face of the plate 13 intended to be covered by the plaster layer 9. The space thus delimited by the form lug 14 extends over the faces of two adjacent plates 13 and the surface of the plaster layer 9 is flush with the peripheral edge of the lug 14 ..

A reinforcing layer, constituted, for example, by a mesh of mineral fibers 10, is coated in the plaster layer 9.

A layer of capillary protective coating 15 covers the surface of the plaster layer 9 as well as the form lug 14.

The thermal insulation element 64 is intended to be manufactured in the form of a self-contained element, with a view to its subsequent fixing to the external surface of a building wall, using any suitable fixing means, so as to constitute , with a plurality of identical or similar elements, a very effective thermal insulation coating.

Example:

The process which has just been described is applied in accordance with the embodiment of the thermal insulation panels of the type illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, to increase the overall thermal insulation coefficient of an exterior wall of a building, using as thermal insulation plate rectangular insulating panels in expanded polystyrene having a density of 20 kg / m3, each of these panels having the following dimensions: length: 100 cm, width: 50 cm, thickness: 6 to 12 cm.

Each of the panels of thermally insulating material is pierced with 6 cylindrical through holes 8 to 10 cm in diameter, perpendicular to its thickness and the axes of which are arranged at equal intervals, in two parallel rows each of which comprises 3 holes aligned parallel to the length of the panel, these holes having a flared end, of frustoconical shape, on the side of the panel intended to be turned towards the surface of the wall to be insulated.

Each main face of each panel is covered with a 13 mm thick layer of insulating plaster, based on peritte and expanded polystyrene, with a lambda thermal insulation coefficient of 0.075, which also fills practically all the interior space. from each of the holes. This plaster layer may optionally be itself covered by a layer of capillary protective coating having, for example, a thickness of 2 mm.

The overall density of the panels thus covered with plaster layers on each of their faces and having the holes completely filled with this same plaster, is from 70 to 90 kg / d.sub.3 and the overall lambda thermal insulation coefficient of each of these panels has a value of 0.04 to 0.05 which allows for a coating of thermal insulation considerably increasing the overall thermal insulation coefficient of an exterior wall of a building.

Claims

1. Method for fixing on a surface a part having at least one flat face having a plurality of open cavities, characterized in that a layer of plaster is applied to the surface on which the part is to be fixed, and that the 'said flat face of the part is then brought into contact with this plaster layer, while the plaster is in the plastic state, and then pressure is exerted on the part sufficient to cause part of the plaster to penetrate the inside said cavities and, finally, that the plaster is left to harden.

2. Application of the method according to claim 1, for increasing the overall thermal insulation coefficient of a building wall, characterized in that a layer of plaster is applied to the exterior surface of the wall, which is pressed against the plaster layer a first face of at least one plate of thermally insulating material comprising a plurality of open cavities, while the plaster is in the plastic state, so that part of the plaster penetrates inside these cavities, a layer of plaster is applied to the other face of the plate of insulating material, this face also comprising a plurality of open cavities, while the plaster is in the plastic state, so that part plaster penetrates inside these cavities and the two layers of plaster are allowed to harden.

3. Thermal insulation element, characterized in that it comprises a plate of thermally insulating material, at least one of the two main faces of which has a plurality of open cavities and is coated with a plaster layer, one of which part at least partially fills the interior of these cavities.

4. Element according to claim 3, characterized in that said cavities consist of holes passing right through the plate of thermally insulating material.

5. Element according to claim 4, characterized in that said holes are of essentially cylindrical shape and that their axes are perpendicular to the faces of the plate of thermally insulating material.

6. Element according to claim 5, characterized in that the holes are flared at least on the side of the surface to be insulated.

7. Element according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the openings of said cavities occupy between 7% and 30% of the surface of the plate of insulating material.

8. Element according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the plaster is an insulating and capillary plaster.

9. Element according to claim 8, characterized in that the insulating plaster is an insulating plaster based on perlite and expanded polystyrene.

10. Element according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the two main faces of the plate of thermally insulating material each have a plurality of open cavities and are coated with a plaster layer, one of which part at least partially fills the interior of these cavities.

11. Method for manufacturing a thermal insulation element according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that a layer of plaster is applied to at least one of the two main faces of a sheet of material thermally insulating comprising a plurality of open cavities, so that a part of the plaster penetrates inside these cavities by filling at least partially each of them and which the plaster is left to harden.

12. Use of a thermal insulation element according to claim 3, to increase the overall thermal insulation coefficient of a building wall, characterized in that at least one such element is applied to the exterior surface of this wall, so as to cover at least part of this surface and these elements are fixed to this surface.