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WO1990011104A1 - Variable stiffness esophageal catheter - Google Patents

Variable stiffness esophageal catheter Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1990011104A1
WO1990011104A1 PCT/US1990/001374 US9001374W WO9011104A1 WO 1990011104 A1 WO1990011104 A1 WO 1990011104A1 US 9001374 W US9001374 W US 9001374W WO 9011104 A1 WO9011104 A1 WO 9011104A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
body portion
elongated
distal end
cylindrical
catheter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1990/001374
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
William T. Metzger
Hossein Jadvar
Original Assignee
Arzco Medical Electronics, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arzco Medical Electronics, Inc. filed Critical Arzco Medical Electronics, Inc.
Publication of WO1990011104A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990011104A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0517—Esophageal electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362—Heart stimulators

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to devices usable for non-invasive heart pacing. More particularly, the invention pertains to esophageal catheters usable for non- invasive cardiac pacing. Background of the Invention
  • Transvenous catheters are known for use in invasive cardiac pacing. Such catheters have a distal end which can be inserted, via a vein of a patient, into the appropriate chamber of a patient's heart so as to carry out a pacing operation.
  • transvenous catheters at least experimentally, in esophageal pacing.
  • catheters have first and second spaced-apart electrodes located on a distal end thereof.
  • the electrodes are positioned in the esophagus appropriately with respect to the posterior surface of the patient's heart so as to carry out a pacing operation.
  • Results of experiments using such bipolar transvenous catheters for esophageal pacing were presented, in part, at the Fifty- Third Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, November 19, 1980. Results of that work were subsequently published in the journal Circulation in 1982.
  • transvenous catheters provide any adjustment of the flexibility or stiffness thereof during insertion. Further, transvenous catheters at times terminate in a hard electrode member which can cause some discomfort to the patient on insertion through the nasal passages into the esophagus. Hence, there continues to be a need for cost- effective esophageal pacing catheters which are readily inserted and which cause minimal patient discomfort and/or trauma.
  • a variable stiffness esophageal catheter has an elongated body portion with a proximal end and a distal end.
  • the catheter has a soft tip which is rounded and sealed which is carried on the distal end of the body portion.
  • a stylet is slidably positioned within the body portion and is usable for adjusting the stiffness characteristic thereof.
  • First and second electrodes are carried spaced apart from one another on the distal end of the body portion. One of the electrodes is positioned adjacent the flexible tip.
  • the electrodes can be formed of platinum.
  • the body portion is formed out of first and second elongated flexible polyethylene cylindrical members. One member is positioned inside of the other member and extends axially therewith.
  • First and second conducting wires extend axially in a region between the two cylindrical polyethylene members from the proximal end of the body portion to the distal end thereof.
  • the conducting wires are each electrically connected to a respective one of two electrodes at the distal end of the catheter.
  • the two electrical wires are each terminated in an electrical connector.
  • the stylet extends axially through the interior elongated polyethylene member.
  • the stylet is formed of a stainless steel rod. The flexibility of this rod is much less than that of the catheter body.
  • the catheter may be inserted into a patient's esophagus via the nasal passages and sinus cavities. Alternately, the catheter could be inserted orally.
  • the soft, flexible tip reduces trauma to the patient's tissues and improves insertion comfort.
  • the slidably removable stylet can be used to alter the flexibility of the body portion as the catheter is being positioned in the esophagus of the patient.
  • the electrical connections at the proximal end may be used to apply electrical energy to the spaced-apart electrodes to carry out a pacing procedure.
  • the electrodes can be used to carry out a cardiac monitoring function.
  • Figure l is a top view of an esophageal catheter with the stylet partly withdrawn therefrom;
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the esophageal catheter with the stylet completely withdrawn therefrom;
  • Figure 3 is a view in section taken along plane 3-3 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a view in section taken along plane
  • Figure 5 is a fragmentary left sagittal view of a patient with an esophageal catheter inserted and properly positioned adjacent a posterior heart surface.
  • a variable flexibility esophageal catheter 10 is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the catheter 10 includes a flexible elongated body portion 12 with a proximal end 14 and a distal end 16.
  • first and second spaced-apart electrodes 18 and 20 Carried on the body portion 12 adjacent the distal end 16 are first and second spaced-apart electrodes 18 and 20. Adjacent the electrode 20 is a soft catheter tip 26 which has a rounded and sealed end 28.
  • the body portion 12 and the catheter tip 26 can both be formed of polyethylene.
  • the tip 26 is flexible.
  • the proximal end 14 terminates at a bifurcated coupler 32.
  • Input to the bifurcated coupler 32 includes a first electrical connector lead 34 which is electrically coupled through the coupler 32 and the body member 12 to the electrode 20.
  • a second electrical connector lead 36 is coupled via the coupler 32 and the body member 12 to the electrode member 18.
  • a centrally located lumen 38 to the coupler 32 slidably receives an elongated axially extending stylet 42.
  • the stylet 42 is illustrated at Figure 1 partly withdrawn from the body portion 12 of the catheter 10.
  • the slidably engageable stylet 42 provides for variable flexibility as the catheter 10 is being inserted via a patient's nasal passages into the esophagus.
  • the soft round-ended catheter tip 26 improves insertion comfort and reduces trauma to the patient's tissues.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the catheter 10 with the stylet 42 removed therefrom.
  • the stylet 42 includes a manually grippable knob 46 coupled to an elongated cylindrical stiffening member 48.
  • the member 48 can be formed of a medical-grade stainless steel and may be somewhat flexible. However, the degree of flexibility of the member 48 is substantially less than the degree of flexibility of the body member 12 with the stylet 42 withdrawn.
  • Figure 3 a sectional view taken along plane 3-3 of Figure 1, illustrates the structure of the body member
  • the body member 12 is formed of an exterior flexible cylindrical member 52.
  • the member 52 defines an interior, closed, axially extending region or lumen 54.
  • a second flexible elongated cylindrical member 56 Positioned within the axially extending lumen 54 is a second flexible elongated cylindrical member 56.
  • the member 56 defines a second, closed, interior elongated lumen 58 therein.
  • the member 54 is formed of polyethylene.
  • the member 56 is formed of flexible, high-density polyethylene.
  • First and second insulated conducting wires 62 and 64 are positioned in the lumen 54.
  • the wires 62 and 64 extend substantially axially through the length of the body member 12 and respectively couple the proximal end electrical connector leads 34 and 36 to the electrodes 20 and 16 respectively.
  • the insulated wires 62, 64 can be formed as a twisted pair or can be located coextensively in the region 54 without being twisted together.
  • the elongated body portion 48 of the stylet 42 is illustrated in Figure 3 positioned in the second axially extending elongated lumen 58.
  • Figure 4 a sectional view taken along plane 4- 4 of Figure 1, illustrates the relationship of the electrode 20 to the body member 12.
  • the electrode 20 is carried on the polyethylene member 52 in contact therewith. Since the stylet 42 has been illustrated in Figure 1 partly withdrawn from the body member 12, it does not appear in the section of Figure 4.
  • the electrodes 18, 20 can be formed of platinum or any other acceptable conductor.
  • the electrodes 18, 20 could be deposited on the member 52. Alternately, the electrodes 18, 20 may be formed as separate conducting members that are then affixed to the distal end of the member 52. The exact way in which the electrodes 18, 20 are formed and attached to the body member 12 is not a limitation of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a fragmentary sagittal view of a patient P.
  • the patient P has an esophagus E in which a catheter 10 in accordance with the present invention has been inserted.
  • the electrodes 18 and 20 have been positioned adjacent a posterior surface of the heart H of the patient P.
  • the body portion 12 of the catheter 10 has been inserted through the nasal passages of the patient P.
  • Proper insertion has required that the body portion 10 undergo a substantial bend 70 when passing from the region of the patient's sinuses into the esophagus E.
  • the soft tip 28 minimizes trauma as the distal end 16 makes the bend 70.
  • the catheter 10 can be inserted with the stylet 42 positioned therein.
  • the stylet 42 is of a size which is flexible enough to readily deflect or bend as necessary to pass into the esophagus.
  • the stylet 42 can be withdrawn and the patient can, by swallowing, cause the electrodes 18, 20 and the soft tip 28 to move downwardly into the esophagus E until the electrodes approach the desired position adjacent the posterior surface of the heart H. Alternately, the stylet 42 can be left fully inserted into the catheter 10 until the electrodes 18 and 20 have been properly positioned. As illustrated in Figure 5, the soft tip 28 is particularly useful in reducing trauma to the patient P during insertion of the catheter.
  • the exterior diameter of the cylindrical polyethylene member 52 can be on the order of .058 inches.
  • the interior diameter thereof can be on the order of .045 inches.
  • the exterior diameter of the member 52 corresponds to the size of a 4 French catheter.
  • the exterior diameter of the high-density polyethylene cylindrical member 56 can be on the order of .030 inches.
  • the interior diameter of the member 56 can be on the order of .022 inches.
  • the exterior diameter of the body 48 of the stylet can be on the order of .016 inches.
  • the overall length of the catheter 10 can be on the order of 1 meter.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A transesophageal pacing catheter (10) has an elongated body portion with a proximal end (14) and a distal end (16). The distal end carries first and second spaced-apart pacing electrodes (18, 20) thereon. The distal end terminates in a closed, rounded, flexible polyethylene tip (28). The body portion of the catheter is formed with inner and outer elongated cylindrical, polyethylene members. Electrical connections for the spaced-apart electrodes extend through the body portion between the two polyethylene cylindrical members to the proximal end thereof. At the proximal end the electrical conductors terminate at first and second conductive connecting members (34, 36). A removable stylet (42) slidably engages a central cavity of the body portion and provides a variable degree of flexibility thereto.

Description

VARIABLE STIFFNESS ESOPHAGEAL CATHETER Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to devices usable for non-invasive heart pacing. More particularly, the invention pertains to esophageal catheters usable for non- invasive cardiac pacing. Background of the Invention
Transvenous catheters are known for use in invasive cardiac pacing. Such catheters have a distal end which can be inserted, via a vein of a patient, into the appropriate chamber of a patient's heart so as to carry out a pacing operation.
It's also been known to use transvenous catheters, at least experimentally, in esophageal pacing. Such catheters have first and second spaced-apart electrodes located on a distal end thereof. The electrodes are positioned in the esophagus appropriately with respect to the posterior surface of the patient's heart so as to carry out a pacing operation. Results of experiments using such bipolar transvenous catheters for esophageal pacing were presented, in part, at the Fifty- Third Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, November 19, 1980. Results of that work were subsequently published in the journal Circulation in 1982. Notwithstanding the above-noted uses for transvenous catheters, none of the known transvenous catheters provide any adjustment of the flexibility or stiffness thereof during insertion. Further, transvenous catheters at times terminate in a hard electrode member which can cause some discomfort to the patient on insertion through the nasal passages into the esophagus. Hence, there continues to be a need for cost- effective esophageal pacing catheters which are readily inserted and which cause minimal patient discomfort and/or trauma. Summary of the Invention
A variable stiffness esophageal catheter has an elongated body portion with a proximal end and a distal end. The catheter has a soft tip which is rounded and sealed which is carried on the distal end of the body portion.
A stylet is slidably positioned within the body portion and is usable for adjusting the stiffness characteristic thereof. First and second electrodes are carried spaced apart from one another on the distal end of the body portion. One of the electrodes is positioned adjacent the flexible tip. The electrodes can be formed of platinum.
In a disclosed embodiment the body portion is formed out of first and second elongated flexible polyethylene cylindrical members. One member is positioned inside of the other member and extends axially therewith.
First and second conducting wires extend axially in a region between the two cylindrical polyethylene members from the proximal end of the body portion to the distal end thereof. The conducting wires are each electrically connected to a respective one of two electrodes at the distal end of the catheter. At the proximal end of the catheter the two electrical wires are each terminated in an electrical connector.
The stylet extends axially through the interior elongated polyethylene member. The stylet is formed of a stainless steel rod. The flexibility of this rod is much less than that of the catheter body.
The catheter may be inserted into a patient's esophagus via the nasal passages and sinus cavities. Alternately, the catheter could be inserted orally. The soft, flexible tip reduces trauma to the patient's tissues and improves insertion comfort. The slidably removable stylet can be used to alter the flexibility of the body portion as the catheter is being positioned in the esophagus of the patient.
Once the spaced-apart electrodes are properly located with respect to the posterior surface of the patient's heart, the electrical connections at the proximal end may be used to apply electrical energy to the spaced-apart electrodes to carry out a pacing procedure.
Alternately, the electrodes can be used to carry out a cardiac monitoring function.
Numerous other advantages and features of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the embodiments thereof, from the claims and from the accompanying drawings in which the details of the invention are fully and completely disclosed as a part of this specification. Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure l is a top view of an esophageal catheter with the stylet partly withdrawn therefrom;
Figure 2 is a top view of the esophageal catheter with the stylet completely withdrawn therefrom;
Figure 3 is a view in section taken along plane 3-3 of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a view in section taken along plane
4-4 of Figure 1; and
Figure 5 is a fragmentary left sagittal view of a patient with an esophageal catheter inserted and properly positioned adjacent a posterior heart surface. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will be described herein in detail a specific embodiment thereof with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiment illustrated.
A variable flexibility esophageal catheter 10 is illustrated in Figure 1. The catheter 10 includes a flexible elongated body portion 12 with a proximal end 14 and a distal end 16.
Carried on the body portion 12 adjacent the distal end 16 are first and second spaced-apart electrodes 18 and 20. Adjacent the electrode 20 is a soft catheter tip 26 which has a rounded and sealed end 28.
The body portion 12 and the catheter tip 26 can both be formed of polyethylene. The tip 26 is flexible.
The proximal end 14 terminates at a bifurcated coupler 32. Input to the bifurcated coupler 32 includes a first electrical connector lead 34 which is electrically coupled through the coupler 32 and the body member 12 to the electrode 20. A second electrical connector lead 36 is coupled via the coupler 32 and the body member 12 to the electrode member 18.
A centrally located lumen 38 to the coupler 32 slidably receives an elongated axially extending stylet 42. The stylet 42 is illustrated at Figure 1 partly withdrawn from the body portion 12 of the catheter 10. The slidably engageable stylet 42 provides for variable flexibility as the catheter 10 is being inserted via a patient's nasal passages into the esophagus. The soft round-ended catheter tip 26 improves insertion comfort and reduces trauma to the patient's tissues. Figure 2 illustrates the catheter 10 with the stylet 42 removed therefrom. The stylet 42 includes a manually grippable knob 46 coupled to an elongated cylindrical stiffening member 48.
The member 48 can be formed of a medical-grade stainless steel and may be somewhat flexible. However, the degree of flexibility of the member 48 is substantially less than the degree of flexibility of the body member 12 with the stylet 42 withdrawn.
Figure 3, a sectional view taken along plane 3-3 of Figure 1, illustrates the structure of the body member
12 in detail. The body member 12 is formed of an exterior flexible cylindrical member 52. The member 52 defines an interior, closed, axially extending region or lumen 54.
Positioned within the axially extending lumen 54 is a second flexible elongated cylindrical member 56.
The member 56 defines a second, closed, interior elongated lumen 58 therein.
The member 54 is formed of polyethylene. The member 56 is formed of flexible, high-density polyethylene.
First and second insulated conducting wires 62 and 64 are positioned in the lumen 54. The wires 62 and 64 extend substantially axially through the length of the body member 12 and respectively couple the proximal end electrical connector leads 34 and 36 to the electrodes 20 and 16 respectively.
The insulated wires 62, 64 can be formed as a twisted pair or can be located coextensively in the region 54 without being twisted together. The elongated body portion 48 of the stylet 42 is illustrated in Figure 3 positioned in the second axially extending elongated lumen 58.
Figure 4, a sectional view taken along plane 4- 4 of Figure 1, illustrates the relationship of the electrode 20 to the body member 12. The electrode 20 is carried on the polyethylene member 52 in contact therewith. Since the stylet 42 has been illustrated in Figure 1 partly withdrawn from the body member 12, it does not appear in the section of Figure 4. The electrodes 18, 20 can be formed of platinum or any other acceptable conductor. The electrodes 18, 20 could be deposited on the member 52. Alternately, the electrodes 18, 20 may be formed as separate conducting members that are then affixed to the distal end of the member 52. The exact way in which the electrodes 18, 20 are formed and attached to the body member 12 is not a limitation of the present invention.
Figure 5 illustrates a fragmentary sagittal view of a patient P. The patient P has an esophagus E in which a catheter 10 in accordance with the present invention has been inserted. The electrodes 18 and 20 have been positioned adjacent a posterior surface of the heart H of the patient P. As illustrated in Figure 5, the body portion 12 of the catheter 10 has been inserted through the nasal passages of the patient P. Proper insertion has required that the body portion 10 undergo a substantial bend 70 when passing from the region of the patient's sinuses into the esophagus E. The soft tip 28 minimizes trauma as the distal end 16 makes the bend 70.
The catheter 10 can be inserted with the stylet 42 positioned therein. The stylet 42 is of a size which is flexible enough to readily deflect or bend as necessary to pass into the esophagus.
When the electrodes 18 and 20 have been positioned far enough into the esophagus, the stylet 42 can be withdrawn and the patient can, by swallowing, cause the electrodes 18, 20 and the soft tip 28 to move downwardly into the esophagus E until the electrodes approach the desired position adjacent the posterior surface of the heart H. Alternately, the stylet 42 can be left fully inserted into the catheter 10 until the electrodes 18 and 20 have been properly positioned. As illustrated in Figure 5, the soft tip 28 is particularly useful in reducing trauma to the patient P during insertion of the catheter.
The exterior diameter of the cylindrical polyethylene member 52 can be on the order of .058 inches.
The interior diameter thereof can be on the order of .045 inches. The exterior diameter of the member 52 corresponds to the size of a 4 French catheter.
The exterior diameter of the high-density polyethylene cylindrical member 56 can be on the order of .030 inches. The interior diameter of the member 56 can be on the order of .022 inches. The exterior diameter of the body 48 of the stylet can be on the order of .016 inches. The overall length of the catheter 10 can be on the order of 1 meter.
It will be understood that the actual diameter of the member 52 is not a limitation of the present invention. For example, alternate sizes such as 5 or 6 French could also be used. From the foregoing, it will be observed that numerous variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concept of the invention. It is to be understood that no limitation with respect to the specific apparatus illustrated herein is intended or should be inferred. It is, of course, intended to cover by the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

What Is Claimed Is:
1. A variable stiffness esophageal catheter comprising: an elongated, flexible body portion having a proximal end and a distal end; a flexible tip carried on said distal end of said body portion; and means for adjusting a stiffness characteristic of said body portion.
2. An esophageal catheter as in claim 1 including an electrode carried on said body portion adjacent said flexible tip.
3. An esophageal electrode as in claim 2 including a second electrode carried on said body portion spaced from said electrode.
4. An esophageal electrode as in claim 2 with said body portion defining an elongated, axially extending cylindrical region therein.
5. An esophageal electrode as in claim 4 including an elongated stylet slidably received, at least in part, within said region.
6. An esophageal catheter as in claim 1 with said body portion including: a first elongated flexible cylindrical member defining an axially extending region therein; and a second elongated flexible cylindrical member defining a second axially extending region therein with said second member positioned within said first member in said axially extending region.
7. An esophageal catheter as in claim 6 including a conductive electrode carried on said first cylindrical member adjacent said flexible tip.
8. An esophageal catheter as in claim 7 including a flexible elongated conducting member carried by said body portion within said axially extending region with a first end coupled to said electrode and with a second end located adjacent said proximal end.
9. An esophageal catheter as in claim 6 with said adjusting means including an elongated, cylindrical stiffening member slidably received in said second region.
10. An esophageal catheter of varying flexibility comprising: an elongated, cylindrical flexible bodyportion, said body portion having a proximal and a distal end and including a first elongated flexible cylindrical member defining an axially extending region therein, a second elongated flexible cylindrical member defining a second axially extending region therein with said second member positioned within said first member in said axially extending region; an elongated, cylindrical stiffening member slidably received within said second region; and at least a first cylindrical conducting member carried on said body portion adjacent said distal end.
11. An esophageal catheter as in claim 10 including flexible guide means affixed to said distal end of said body portion adjacent said electrode.
12. An esophageal catheter as in claim 11 with said guide means including a polyethylene tip member having a curved, sealed end region.
13. An esophageal catheter as in claim 11 including a second cylindrical conducting member carried on said body member adjacent said first member and spaced therefrom.
14. An esophageal catheter as in claim 13 including first and second conductive wires carried within said body portion and extending from said distal end to said proximal end with each said wire coupled to a respective one of said conducting members.
15. An easily insertable esophageal pacing catheter comprising: 5 a cylindrical flexible, polyethylene tip with a closed, curved end region; an elongated flexible, cylindrical polyethylene body member with a proximal end and a distal end, said tip affixed to said distal end at a region displaced from said
10 curved end, said body member defining an internal, axially extending lumen therein; first and second spacing electrodes carried on said body member adjacent said distal end and spaced from one another; - 15 first and second elongated conductive wires carried within said body member and extending substantially axially therein, each said wire having a proximal end and a distal end and with a said distal end of each said wire electrically coupled to a respective 20 one of said electrodes; and an elongated, cylindrical metal member with a distal end slidably received within said axially extending lumen including a manually manipulatable proximal end for withdrawing said member, thereby altering a stiffness
25 characteristic of the catheter.
PCT/US1990/001374 1989-03-17 1990-03-13 Variable stiffness esophageal catheter WO1990011104A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US324,919 1989-03-17
US07/324,919 US4930521A (en) 1989-03-17 1989-03-17 Variable stiffness esophageal catheter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990011104A1 true WO1990011104A1 (en) 1990-10-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1990/001374 WO1990011104A1 (en) 1989-03-17 1990-03-13 Variable stiffness esophageal catheter

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4930521A (en)
EP (1) EP0473598A4 (en)
WO (1) WO1990011104A1 (en)

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US4930521A (en) 1990-06-05
EP0473598A1 (en) 1992-03-11

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