US3859221A - Lubricant compositions exhibiting synergistic relief of metal fatigue - Google Patents
Lubricant compositions exhibiting synergistic relief of metal fatigue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3859221A US3859221A US353179A US35317973A US3859221A US 3859221 A US3859221 A US 3859221A US 353179 A US353179 A US 353179A US 35317973 A US35317973 A US 35317973A US 3859221 A US3859221 A US 3859221A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant composition
- succinic anhydride
- synergistic mixture
- ssu
- lubricant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 title description 3
- -1 alkenyl succinic anhydride Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RILLZYSZSDGYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)NCCO RILLZYSZSDGYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical group NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GQGTXJRZSBTHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenoxy-4-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene Chemical class C=1C=C(OC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 GQGTXJRZSBTHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007476 Maximum Likelihood Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical class CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical class [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWSUVZVPDQDVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylperoxybenzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OOC1=CC=CC=C1 VWSUVZVPDQDVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
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- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C10M2215/26—Amines
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- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
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- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
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- C10M2227/02—Esters of silicic acids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
Definitions
- the lubricant medium may comprise any liquid hydrocarbon oil, in the form of either a mineral oil or a synthetic oil, or in the form of a grease in which any of the aforementioned oils are employed as a vehicle.
- mineral oils, employed as the lubricant, or grease vehicle may be of any suitable lubricating viscosity range, as, for example, from about 45 SSU at 100F. to about 6,000 SSU at 100F., and, preferably, from about 50 to about 250 SSU at 210F.
- These oils may have viscosity indexes varying from below zero to about 100 or higher. Viscosity indexes from about 70 to about 95 are preferred.
- T he average molecular weights of these oils may range from about 250 to about 800.
- the lubricating oil is generally employed in an amount sufficient to balance the total grease composition, after accounting for the desired quantity of the thickening agent, and other additive components to be included in the grease formulation.
- Typical synthetic vehicles include polyisobutylene, polybutenes, hydrogenated polydecenes, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, trimethylol propane esters, neopentyl and pentaerythritol esters, di(2-ethy1 hexyl) sebacate, di(2-ethyl hexyl)adipate, di(butyl phthalate, fluorocarbons, silicate esters, silanes, esters of phosphorous-containing acids, liquid ureas, ferrocene derivatives, hydrogenated mineral oils, chain-type polyphenyls, siloxanes and silicones (polysiloxanes), alkyl-substituted diphenyl ethers typified by a butylsubstituted bis (p-phenoxy)
- component (a) and component (b) individually are found to impart improved fatigue lifeto metal, the combination of these two components, in a total amount no greater than that employed individually for each component, exhibits a synergistic effect, by imparting a markedly increased benefit as far as anti-fatigue effect is concerned, greater than that of the aforementioned components, individually, even though the total weight of the combination does not exceed that of components (a) and (b), individually.
- components (a) and (b) are generally employed in a mol ratio from about 1:4 to about 4:1.
- component (b) is concerned, the alkenyl succinic anhydride'and the polyethylene amine are generally reacted in a mol ratio of about 2: 1'.
- the synergistic mixture of component (a) and (b) may be incorporated in the lubricant in any amount sufficient to improve metal fatigue.
- the synergistic mixture is employed in an amount from about .01 to about 10% and, preferably, in an amount from about 0.1 to about 2%, by weight, of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- isopropylaminoethanol i.e., component (a)
- component (b) is a known compoundand is described in the literature, together with its method of preparation, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,280,029.
- the aforementioned reaction product, i.e., component (b) is also known and'described in'the literature, together with its method of preparation, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,172,892 and 3,219,666.
- the data were obtained by means of the General Electric Rolling Contact Fatigue tester. This equipment is widely accepted, in the art, as a rolling contact fatigue tester. Data are obtained by loading two crowned discs against a cylindrical test specimen with the discs and specimen rotating at 12,500 rpm. The end of the test occurs when one or more pieces of metal break away from the specimen surface as a result of metal fatigue. The formation of such pits on the specimen surface results in vibration of the apparatus which is sensed by a vibration switch incorporated in the instrument. The test is terminated when the vibration level exhibits a preset level set on the vibration sensor.
- L life is defined to be that life (in stress cycles) which 90% of the test specimens are expected to survive; L life is defined to be that life which 50% of the test specimens are expected to survive.
- the Weibull slope is a statistical parameter which measures the degree of spread of the data in a given population.
- a lubricant composition comprising a major proportion of a liquid hydrocarbon oil selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, synthetic oils and greases thereof, containing, in an amount sufficient to improve metal fatigue, a synergistic mixture of (a) isopropylaminoethanol and b an alkenyl succinimide of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a polyethylene amine, in a mol ratio of about 2:1 and in a mol ratio of (a) to (b) from about 1:4 to about 4:1.
- a liquid hydrocarbon oil selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, synthetic oils and greases thereof, containing, in an amount sufficient to improve metal fatigue, a synergistic mixture of (a) isopropylaminoethanol and b an alkenyl succinimide of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a polyethylene amine, in a mol ratio of about 2:1 and in a mol ratio of (a) to (b) from about 1:4 to about 4:1.
- test oil contained 0.5 mol of the above-described polyisobutenyl succinic anhydridetetraethylenepentamine reaction product
- an improvement of 72% was obtained (Example 3).
- test oil contained 0.5 mol of isopropylaminoethanol and 0.5 mol of the aforementioned reaction product
- an improvement of 1 l 1% was obtained (Example 4), markedly indicative of a true synergistic effect.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Lubricant compositions are provided containing, in an amount sufficient to improve metal-fatigue, a synergistic mixture of (a) isopropylaminoethanol and (b) a reaction product of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a polyethylene amine.
Description
United States Patent [1 1 Polk [111 3,859,221 1 1 Jan. 7, 1975 1 1 LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS EXHIBITING SYNERGISTlC RELIEF OF METAL FATIGUE [75] Inventor: Conrad J. Polk, Cranbury, NJ.
173] Assignee: Mobil Oil Corporation, New York,
[21] Appl. No.: 353,179
[521 US. Cl. 252/515 A, 252/515 R [51] Int. Cl Cl0m 1/32 [58] Field of Search 252/515 A, 51.5 R
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,219,666 11/1965 Norman et a1 252/515 A X 3,280,029 10/1966 Waldman ..252/49.5
Primary ExaminerDaniel E. Wyman Assistant ExaminerAndrew H. Metz Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Andrew L. Gaboriault; Raymond W. Barclay; Benjamin 1. Kaufman 571 1 ABSTRACT 10 Claims, No Drawings LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS EXHIBITING SYNERGISTIC RELIEF OF METAL FATIGUE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION metal-fatigue, which, essentially, involves metal deterioration due to the application of cyclic stresses in undergoing use, as, for example, in rolling contact bearings. In order to induce anti-fatigue properties to the lubricating medium, and particularly where the lubricant is, to some extent, water-contaminated, various additives have heretofore been suggested as antifatigue agents. Such additives have not, however, been found sufficiently successful to justify extensive commercial use as lubricant additives.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It has now been found that highly superior antifatigue properties can be exhibited by lubricant compositions, by incorporating therein minor amounts of a synergistic mixture of (a) isopropylaminoethanol and (b) a reaction product of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a polyethylene amine.
Insofar as the lubricant medium, per se, is concerned, this may comprise any liquid hydrocarbon oil, in the form of either a mineral oil or a synthetic oil, or in the form of a grease in which any of the aforementioned oils are employed as a vehicle. In general, mineral oils, employed as the lubricant, or grease vehicle, may be of any suitable lubricating viscosity range, as, for example, from about 45 SSU at 100F. to about 6,000 SSU at 100F., and, preferably, from about 50 to about 250 SSU at 210F. These oils may have viscosity indexes varying from below zero to about 100 or higher. Viscosity indexes from about 70 to about 95 are preferred. T he average molecular weights of these oils may range from about 250 to about 800. Where the lubricant is to be employed in the form of a grease, the lubricating oil is generally employed in an amount sufficient to balance the total grease composition, after accounting for the desired quantity of the thickening agent, and other additive components to be included in the grease formulation.
In instances where synthetic oils, or synthetic oils employed as the vehicle for the grease, are desired in preference to mineral oils, or in combination therewith, various compounds of this type may be successfully utilized. Typical synthetic vehicles include polyisobutylene, polybutenes, hydrogenated polydecenes, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, trimethylol propane esters, neopentyl and pentaerythritol esters, di(2-ethy1 hexyl) sebacate, di(2-ethyl hexyl)adipate, di(butyl phthalate, fluorocarbons, silicate esters, silanes, esters of phosphorous-containing acids, liquid ureas, ferrocene derivatives, hydrogenated mineral oils, chain-type polyphenyls, siloxanes and silicones (polysiloxanes), alkyl-substituted diphenyl ethers typified by a butylsubstituted bis (p-phenoxy phenyl) ether, phenoxy phenylethers, etc.
Of particular importance, for the purpose of improving metal fatigue, is the synergistic mixture of (a) isopropylaminoethanol and (b) a reaction product of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a polyethylene amine. As hereinafter described, even though component (a) and component (b) individually, are found to impart improved fatigue lifeto metal, the combination of these two components, in a total amount no greater than that employed individually for each component, exhibits a synergistic effect, by imparting a markedly increased benefit as far as anti-fatigue effect is concerned, greater than that of the aforementioned components, individually, even though the total weight of the combination does not exceed that of components (a) and (b), individually.
Insofaras the isopropylaminoethanol (a) and the aforementioned reaction product (b) are concerned, these two components are found to be synergistic in all proportions. For most applications components (a) and (b) are generally employed in a mol ratio from about 1:4 to about 4:1. Insofar as component (b) is concerned, the alkenyl succinic anhydride'and the polyethylene amine are generally reacted in a mol ratio of about 2: 1'. In general, the synergistic mixture of component (a) and (b) may be incorporated in the lubricant in any amount sufficient to improve metal fatigue. For most applications the synergistic mixture is employed in an amount from about .01 to about 10% and, preferably, in an amount from about 0.1 to about 2%, by weight, of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
Insofar as the components of the synergistic mixture are concerned, isopropylaminoethanol, i.e., component (a), is a known compoundand is described in the literature, together with its method of preparation, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,280,029. The aforementioned reaction product, i.e., component (b), is also known and'described in'the literature, together with its method of preparation, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,172,892 and 3,219,666.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS In order to demonstrate the improvement in metal antifatigue properties realized by employing the abovedescribed novel synergistic mixture of the present in'- vention, compared with that realized by employing components (a) and (b), individually, comparative data were obtained as shown in the examplesof the following table. Insofar as theindividual components of the synergistic mixture are concerned, the isopropylaminoethanol was prepared in accordance with the procedure described in'the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,280,029; component (b) was prepared in accordance with the procedure described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,172,892 and 3,219,666, in which 0.5 mol of each of components (a) and (b), making a total of 1 mol synergistic mixture, was employed. Insofar as component (b), employed in the following comparative data, is concerned, this product was obtained by reacting 0.5 molof polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and 0.25 mol of tetraethylenepentamine at a temperature of C. until the evolution of water had ceased.
The data were obtained by means of the General Electric Rolling Contact Fatigue tester. This equipment is widely accepted, in the art, as a rolling contact fatigue tester. Data are obtained by loading two crowned discs against a cylindrical test specimen with the discs and specimen rotating at 12,500 rpm. The end of the test occurs when one or more pieces of metal break away from the specimen surface as a result of metal fatigue. The formation of such pits on the specimen surface results in vibration of the apparatus which is sensed by a vibration switch incorporated in the instrument. The test is terminated when the vibration level exhibits a preset level set on the vibration sensor.
In the above test, at least six fatigue failures were obtained for each lubricant formulation. The data were analyzed by Maximum Likelihood statistics to give the L life, L life, and Weibull slope of the population. L life is defined to be that life (in stress cycles) which 90% of the test specimens are expected to survive; L life is defined to be that life which 50% of the test specimens are expected to survive. The Weibull slope is a statistical parameter which measures the degree of spread of the data in a given population. In fatigue testing, improvements in specimen life are determined by increased values of the L and L life of a population relative to a reference fluid; thus in the data presented herein, improved performance affected by the additives individually or in combination, is reflected by increased and L life values. With the above test standards in view, the following data, as shown in the table, were obtained employing the above-described equipment and employing identical test procedures under identical test conditions in each instance. Each test was conducted with M-50 steel discs and SAE 52100 steel test specimens (-63 Rockwell C hardness) at a test speed of 12,500 rpm and a Hertz load of 700,000 psi.
TABLE ence to preferred compositions and components therefore, it will be understood, by those skilled in the art, that departure from the preferred embodiments can be effectively made and are within the scope of the specification.
1 claim:
1. A lubricant composition comprising a major proportion of a liquid hydrocarbon oil selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, synthetic oils and greases thereof, containing, in an amount sufficient to improve metal fatigue, a synergistic mixture of (a) isopropylaminoethanol and b an alkenyl succinimide of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a polyethylene amine, in a mol ratio of about 2:1 and in a mol ratio of (a) to (b) from about 1:4 to about 4:1.
2. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said composition comprises a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity in the range from about SSU at 100F. to about 6,000 SSU at 100F.
3. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said composition comprises a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity in the range from about SSU at 210F. to about 250 SSU at 210F.
4. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said synergistic mixture is present in an amount from about 0.01 to about 10%, by weight, of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
5. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said synergistic mixture is present in an amount from about 0.1 to about 2%, by weight, of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
6. A lubricant composition asdefined in claim 1 wherein said alkenyl succinic anhydride is polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
G. E. Rolling Contact Fatigue Test Data* L Life L,,, Life L,, Test Oil (L...) Test on Total Example Lubricant Formulation (Cycles X 10) (Cycles X 10) (L,,,) Wet Oil (L Wet Oil Percent l SAE 20 mineral oil 3.46 7.20 100% 100% 200% water 2 SAE 20 mineral oil 5.47 7.05 158% 98% 256% water isopropy- .aminoethanol (lmol 1 3 SAE 20 mineral oil 4.70 9.82 136% 136% 272% +water "reaction product (1 mol 4 SAE 20 mineral oil 5.10 11.84 147% 164% 311% water isopropylaminoethanol (0.5 mol and reaction product (0.5 mol SAE 52100 steel specimens 12,500 rpm 700,000 psi nominal Hertz Stress "Reaction product of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and tetraethylenepentamine As will be apparent from the foregoing table, the total improvement in fatigue life of the treated oil over the base oil was 56%, as shown in Example 2, where 0.5 mol of isopropylaminoethanol was individually employed (200% of Example 1 versus 256% of Example 2). Where the test oil contained 0.5 mol of the above-described polyisobutenyl succinic anhydridetetraethylenepentamine reaction product, an improvement of 72% was obtained (Example 3). However, where the test oil contained 0.5 mol of isopropylaminoethanol and 0.5 mol of the aforementioned reaction product, an improvement of 1 l 1% was obtained (Example 4), markedly indicative of a true synergistic effect.
While this invention has been described with refermine.
Claims (10)
1. A LUBRICANT COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MAJOR PROPORTION OF A LIQUID HYDROCARBON OIL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MINERAL OILS, SYNTHETIC OILS AND GREASES THEREOF, CONTAINING, IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO IMPROVE METAL FATIGUE, A SYNERGISTIC MIXTURE OF (A) ISOPROPYLAMINOETHANOL AND B AN ALKENYL SUCCINIME OF AN ALKENYL SUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE AND A POLYETHYLENE AMINE, IN A MOL RATIO OF ABOUT 2:1 AND IN A MOL RATIO OF (A) TO (B) FROM ABOUT 1:4 TO ABOUT 4:1.
2. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said composition comprises a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity in the range from about 45 SSU at 100*F. to about 6,000 SSU at 100*F.
3. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said composition comprises a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity in the range from about 50 SSU at 210*F. to about 250 SSU at 210* F.
4. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said synergistic mixture is present in an amount from about 0.01 to about 10%, by weight, of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
5. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said synergistic mixture is present in an amount from about 0.1 to about 2%, by weight, of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
6. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said alkenyl succinic anhydride is polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
7. A lubricant composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said polyethylene amine is tetraethylenepentamine.
8. A synergistic mixture of (a) isopropylaminoethanol and (b) an alkenyl succinimide of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a polyethylene amine, in a mol ratio of about 2:1 and in a mol ratio of (a) to (b) from about 1:4 to about 4:1.
9. A synergistic mixture as defined in claim 8 wherein said alkenyl succinic anhydride is polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
10. A synergistic mixture as defined in claim 8 wherein said polyethylene amine is tetraethylenepentamine.
Priority Applications (1)
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US353179A US3859221A (en) | 1973-04-20 | 1973-04-20 | Lubricant compositions exhibiting synergistic relief of metal fatigue |
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US353179A US3859221A (en) | 1973-04-20 | 1973-04-20 | Lubricant compositions exhibiting synergistic relief of metal fatigue |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4354949A (en) * | 1980-01-24 | 1982-10-19 | Shell Oil Company | Hydraulic fluid, hydraulic equipment containing this fluid and a concentrate of this fluid |
US4379063A (en) * | 1981-02-20 | 1983-04-05 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | Novel functional fluid |
US4749503A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1988-06-07 | Chemical Exchange Industries, Inc. | Method and composition to control microbial growth in metalworking fluids |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3219666A (en) * | 1959-03-30 | 1965-11-23 | Derivatives of succinic acids and nitrogen compounds | |
US3280029A (en) * | 1964-06-18 | 1966-10-18 | Mobil Oil Corp | Lubricant compositions |
-
1973
- 1973-04-20 US US353179A patent/US3859221A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3219666A (en) * | 1959-03-30 | 1965-11-23 | Derivatives of succinic acids and nitrogen compounds | |
US3280029A (en) * | 1964-06-18 | 1966-10-18 | Mobil Oil Corp | Lubricant compositions |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4354949A (en) * | 1980-01-24 | 1982-10-19 | Shell Oil Company | Hydraulic fluid, hydraulic equipment containing this fluid and a concentrate of this fluid |
US4379063A (en) * | 1981-02-20 | 1983-04-05 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | Novel functional fluid |
US4749503A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1988-06-07 | Chemical Exchange Industries, Inc. | Method and composition to control microbial growth in metalworking fluids |
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