RU2610953C1 - Controlled bypass valve - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: controlled bypass valve comprising top and bottom reducers with cylindrical cavity, a hollow housing located between the reducers is made with radial through opening, a spring-loaded piston, on its surface a shaped controlled slot is made, a control pin, a nozzle located in the piston under top reducer, a sleeve, a drainage plug, a bearing, sealing rings, and corresponding to them slots in the sleeve, top and bottom reducers, a spiral spring of spring-loaded piston. Wherein the top reducer is made with variable cross-section cavity: cone part passes into cylindrical part, the hollow housing in the top part is made with longitudinal slots on the internal surface, the piston is spring loaded in the sleeve and is made having T-shape, horizontal component limiting the piston movement is made with collars corresponding to longitudinal slots on the internal surface, the vertical component is made with controlled code shaped slot with final projection on the plane. The control pin for shaped code slot is made with variable cross-section: larger cross-section is made threaded and is secured by thread in the sleeve, smaller cross-section of the pin is made with smooth surface and is located in the bottom part of the controlled code shaped slot. The spring by bottom end is rigidly secured in the sleeve, the sleeve is has cylindrical shape with permanent cross-section and radial opening coaxial with radial opening in bottom part of the housing, with bypass plug rigidly connected at bottom end of the sleeve, made with radial through opening, coaxial with radial openings of the housing and sleeve. The sleeve with bypass plug and spring in it is installed above the bottom reducer on drainage plug with possibility of rotation on it. The drainage plug is made with excentrically installed on it vertical through opening coaxially with vertical through opening excentrically made in bypass plug. The drainage plug has collars used for rigid securing in the housing. Surfaces of plugs contacting with each other are made with friction factor ensuring anti-friction properties.

EFFECT: increased reliability of control of valve system.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil industry, namely to the bypass valves for controlling the system for turning on the anchor of the hydraulic diverter wedge.

It can be used in a wedge-deflector system, fixed permanently or temporarily on the walls of the casing, while drilling the second (side) shafts or multilateral wells.

A device is known - a valve (AS No. 571649, IPC F16K 17/04 of 03/13/75), containing a housing with inlet and outlet cavities drain, which houses a locking element made in the form of a plunger, one end of which by means of a plate , nuts and adjusting screw is spring loaded, and the other is equipped with a stem with a shoulder. The stem burt interacts with a washer having a shock absorber, freely mounted on the stem and loaded with a spring placed in a glass screwed into the valve body. The emphasis is equipped with a shock absorber and placed in a glass screwed into another glass. Screwing in the cup changes the tightening of the spring, the second cup, adjusting the gap between the shoulder and the washer. The emphasis is adjusted the amount of overlap of the passage by the working edge of the locking element. The input cavity and the cavity of the elastic stroke limit are communicated by a channel with an adjustable choke.

The disadvantages of the device:

- there is no possibility of bypassing fluid into the enclosure;

- the design is limited by the unidirectionality of the fluid flow, which significantly narrows the possibilities of its application;

- complicating the design with an additional elastic element (second spring), a glass (second) with a floating washer, significantly increases its cost with a small technical effect.

As a prototype, a device was selected — a controlled overflow valve (US Pat. No. 20060225885, No. 7357198, IPC Е21В 34/10, publ. 12.11.2006) as the closest to the claimed purpose and positive effect. It contains a housing, a piston, a spring, glasses and plugs in the piston, upper and lower sub, through holes in the housing, in the glass and in the piston in the radial and axial directions, a shaped groove controlled around the axis of the piston and a pin mounted in a shaped groove controlled on piston surfaces, bearing and nozzle located in the piston, pins and grooves in the housing, holding pins, securing the glass in the housing.

The placement of a long piston complicates the design of the device, because the placement required more rigid fixing of the glasses (lower and upper) and in this regard, the use of additionally fixing the glasses elements - several pins and through grooves in the housing for the pins, which complicated the design of the elements and their connection, which reduced the strength of the case and the service life of the pins from - due to the aggressive bleeding effect of the drilling fluid on the pins during operation of the device and the threat of cutting them under load. Which, in turn, reduces the reliability of the bypass valve control. Installing a spring between the housing and the piston complicates the operation of the piston, as during compression, the spring presses on the walls of the hollow piston and deforms the piston into the cavity, creating unpredictable conditions for the differential pressure of the fluid in the piston, reducing the reliability of the valve.

The upper sub is made with a cavity of cylindrical shape and a diameter equal to the diameter of the upper part of the nozzle, which does not guarantee that there is no hydraulic shock to the nozzle, its destruction and complicates the regulation of a given pressure drop in the nozzle and in the piston. Placing a piston for trouble-free operation of a long valve in the length of the body and a shaped groove controlled, concentrated in its central part, as well as springing the piston resting on glasses having a small cross section in the lower side, weakens the system and does not guarantee unplanned crushing of the lower glass in the process loading the spring when moving the piston down. Which can interrupt the operation of the valve and the lower part of the layout (hydraulic diverter wedge, hydraulic anchor control system) and therefore reduce the reliability of the bypass valve, its controllability. Due to the presence of several bearings under the spring in the cup, the degree of mobility of the cup, piston and spring in the cup increases, which complicates the process of controlling valve elements and the anchoring system on the walls of the casing. The piston is made below with a plug made with twelve holes, which complicates its design and weakens it due to the fact that in addition to these holes in the plug there are several (seven) through holes in it in the radial direction. This greatly reduces the reliability of the system for bypassing the working fluid with a given pressure. Performing a figured groove in a closed loop around the axis of the piston and performing a purely mechanical function - an endless cyclic zigzag motion of the pin, reciprocating motion under the action of the load on the piston, and the pin as a limiter to move the piston, significantly reduces the reliability of controlling the valve system due to the complexity of complying with drilling fluid bypass conditions in a given time interval and creating a given pressure level in this case, since it is difficult to fix the required position of the holes during operation of the valve.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design and improve the reliability of the control bypass valve, which is part of the borehole assembly with a wedge diverter hydraulic and anchor system for fixing on the walls of the casing.

The technical result is aimed at developing a bypass valve controlled with increased reliability in operation during operation of the drilling assembly using a hydraulic diverter wedge mounted on the walls of the casing.

The technical result is achieved in that the bypass valve is controlled, comprising an upper and lower sub with a cylindrical cavity, a hollow body located between the sub is made with a radial through hole, a spring-loaded piston, on the surface of which a shaped controllable groove is made, a control pin, a nozzle placed in the piston under the upper sub, cup, drain plug, bearing, o-rings and their corresponding grooves in the cup, upper and lower sub, coil spring, support supper piston, according to the invention, the upper sub is made with a cavity of variable cross-section: the conical part goes into a cylindrical, the hollow body of the upper part is made with longitudinal grooves on the inner surface, the piston is spring-loaded in the glass and made T-shaped, the horizontal component restricting the movement of the piston is made with protrusions corresponding to the longitudinal grooves on the inner surface of the housing, the vertical component is made with a controlled code shaped groove with a final projection on the plane, the control pin for the figured code groove is made of variable cross-section: the larger section is threaded and fixed with thread in the glass, the smaller section of the pin is made with a smooth surface and placed in the lower part of the controlled code figure groove, the spring with the lower end fixed rigidly in the glass, glass made of a cylindrical shape of constant cross section with a radial hole coaxial to the radial hole in the lower part of the housing, with a bypass plug rigidly connected to the lower end of the glass, you filled with a radial through hole, coaxial radial holes of the housing and the glass, a glass with a bypass plug and a spring in it is mounted above the lower sub on the drain plug with the possibility of rotation on it, the drain plug is made with a vertical through hole eccentrically placed in it coaxially with the vertical through hole, eccentrically executed in the bypass plug, the drain plug has protrusions that are rigidly fixed in the housing, the surfaces of the plugs in contact with each other, Nena with friction providing antifriction properties.

A comparative analysis of the claimed device with the prototype showed that the claimed device is significantly different by the presence of new elements, the interconnectedness of the elements and their placement relative to each other. The piston in the inventive valve device is compactly placed in the housing in the upper part and partially in the glass in the upper part and is made of a T-shape, a horizontal component, which has protrusions, moves the piston along the longitudinal grooves made on the inner surface of the housing, as a guide and emphasis, which enhances the reliability of the operation of its movement in the initial period of time. This effect is reinforced by the fact that the upper adapter has a cavity of variable cross section - the conical part goes into a cylindrical part, thereby preventing a hydraulic shock to the nozzle, which destructively acts on the nozzle and reduces the controllability of the set pressure drop in the nozzle and in the piston. The spring and piston are placed in the glass along the length in such a way as to ensure a reliable impact on them of the glass (and not the glasses - as in the prototype), as a guide, reinforced, in addition, by strength in that it has the same thickness along the entire length, fits tightly into the body, and thereby "doubling" its thickness, with a minimum permissible gap, which allows its rotation. Due to the protrusions in the horizontal component of the T-shaped piston, the relevance of the presence of a separate element (pin in the prototype) to limit the movement of the piston in the housing is lost. In addition, the protrusions rest on the upper end surface of the glass in the lowermost position of the piston during operation of the valve, without weakening the presence of through grooves in the housing as in the prototype. Unlike the prototype, made with numerous holes and a plug, the inventive piston is made with a through cavity along the axis under the nozzle. Figured groove controlled in the claimed device is made code, i.e. automatically controlled, which increases the reliability of the valve. It has a finite projection of the groove onto the plane, thereby eliminating spontaneous overlapping of the mud flow through vertical eccentric openings, thereby improving the reliability of controlling the valve and the layout as a whole for fixing the diverter wedge anchor on the casing and cooling the milling tool. This is also necessary for realizing alignment and opening of all radial through holes or eccentric holes (in the case, in the glass, in the plugs) at a given point in time or their closure, which is determined by the operation of the television orientation system layout (not shown), located in the upper part of the layout above the valve. In this case, the pin included in the figured code groove is securely fixed in the glass by a thread and easily, without jamming, moves along the groove during operation of the valve, according to the code, due to its smooth surface, which reduces the coefficient of friction. With the declared placement of the piston and the spring in the glass, the reliability of operation of the valve as a whole is significantly increased with a significantly smaller number of elements. One bearing, installed between the lower end of the piston and the upper end of the spring, and a rotating cup with a pin in it are enough to ensure the alignment of the holes and to guarantee the passage of the working fluid through the radial holes of the housing - cup bypass (first) plug, or through an eccentrically placed through hole in the bypass plug, rigidly connected to the moving glass, and in the plug (second) drain, located under the bypass plug, rigidly fixed in the housing above the bottom m adapter. Plugs and through holes in them increase the reliability of operation of the "open-closed" system and increase the controllability of the bypass valve. At the same time, they strengthen the design and increase maintainability by the fact that they are placed below in the glass and under it, and in the form of elements that are easily replaced if necessary, and also maintain the integrity (indirectly) of the upstream elements. In contrast to the prototype, which uses numerous pins to secure the elements and numerous grooves, which weakens the control system and control the operation of the valve, complicating the design.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a device, a section.

In FIG. 2 shows a bypass plug, a perspective view.

In FIG. 3 presents a drain plug, a perspective view.

In FIG. 4 is a section A-A of FIG. 1 in the starting position.

In FIG. 5 is a section A-A of FIG. 1 in the final stage of the valve operation.

The device comprises: a hollow body 1 of a cylindrical shape with a through radial hole 2 in the lower part; an annular emphasis 3 for holding the upper sub; annular emphasis 4 to limit the movement of the piston; longitudinal grooves 5, 6; an annular stop 7 for landing the drain plug and holding it over the lower sub in the lower part of the housing; the upper sub 8 is made with a cavity along the axis of a variable section: the upper part of the cavity 9 is a truncated cone, with a smaller base downward, passing into the cylinder 10. The outer surface of the sub 8 of a cylindrical shape is made with a mating protrusion 11, respectively, an annular stop 3 and with an annular groove 12 for installation of the sealing ring 13; in the housing along the axis there is a guide element 14 in the form of a cup to comply with the alignment of the movement of the piston and the spring in the housing and limit the movement of the piston. The glass is made at the bottom with a through radial hole 15, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the through radial hole 2 in the housing and is aligned with it. The guide element 14 - the glass in the lower part is rigidly fixed with a hollow element 16 that performs the functions: first plugs - in the glass 14 - as a bypass element for the drilling fluid from the main axial cavity 17, made along the axis in the center, into a radial (side) through hole 18 when the solution is supplied from the housing to the outside or from a through vertical hole 19, eccentrically placed in this plug, relative to the through hole 20 in the plug of the second 21, which acts as a drain element (drain plug) of the drill hole the alignment of the body cavity down through the through holes 19 and 20 when they are coaxial. The second plug is made with two protrusions on it 22 to prevent rotation. A through threaded hole 23 is made in the upper part of the glass, into which a guide pin 24 of a cylindrical shape of variable cross section is inserted: with a large cross section 25 made with a thread, and with a smaller cross section 26 with a smooth surface. The hollow piston 27 is made in a T-shape, the horizontal component 28 is made at the top with two protrusions 29, 30 on the outside, and the vertical component is made with a groove 31 for the o-ring 32 and a figured code-controlled groove 33 with the final projection of the groove onto the plane. A nozzle 34 is fixed in the piston cavity by a threaded connection (not shown). A spiral spring 35 is fixed on the element 16 below, and a bearing 36 is placed on the upper end, on which the piston 14 rests. The hollow lower sub 37 fixed in the housing 1 is tightly mounted under the element 21 (Fig. 3) - drain plug.

The device operates as follows.

Install a bypass valve controlled into the pipe string according to the well assembly on the surface of the well. The bypass valve (Fig. 1) is attached to the upper part of the column layout using a threaded sub of the upper 8, and to the lower part of the column layout - using the lower sub of 37. Inside the glass 14, the first plug is installed - the bypass 16 (Fig. 2), which is welded along the outer diameter of the collar of this plug to the end of the cup 14. In the bypass plug 16, an axial hole 17, a radial hole 18 and a vertical through eccentric hole 19 are made. A spring 35 is installed inside the cup, which then has contact without pressure on the upper end of the plug 16 and sliding contact relative to the piston 27 on the surface of the bearing 36. Contact with the spherical end bearing reduces the possibility of jamming or mashing in the contact area of the end face of the spring 35 with the piston 27, ensuring smooth and high-quality sliding due to the end bearing. A piston 27 is inserted into the cup from the open end, which is fixed by a pin with guides 24 through the cup wall 14 in a figured code groove 33, made on the outer surface along the piston 27. In this case, the figured code groove 33 is a code direction with the final groove on the plane for the guide pin 24. The guide pin 24, having two cylindrical outer surfaces 25, 26, one of which with a thread 25 is screwed into the wall of the glass 14, and the second smooth 26, is placed inside the figured code groove 24 of the piston 27. On a smooth cylinder ndricheskuyu surface 26 is applied where necessary extreme-coating, such as molybdenum disulfide. Previously, a nozzle 34 with an inner diameter corresponding to the estimated flow rate of the drilling fluid (working fluid) required to switch the valve is screwed into the piston 27. A sealing ring is installed in the groove of the drain plug 21, then a plug 21 is installed in the housing 1. On the bottom sub 37, a sealing ring (not shown) is installed in the groove and the housing 1 is screwed with the drain plug installed. An o-ring (not shown) is installed in the groove on the outer surface of the cup 14. Then, the cup 14 assembled together with the spring 35 and the piston 37 is installed inside the housing 1. When installing, the piston protrusions 29, 30 are located in the longitudinal grooves 5, 6 of the housing 1. Then, a sealing ring 13 is installed in the groove 12 of the upper 8 sub, then it is screwed into the upper part of the housing 1, thereby limiting the upward exit of the piston 27. A hole with a thread 23 is made in the glass 14 for installing the control pin 24 in it so that it is in the same plane with the hole 2. In the same plane, the joint hole 1 5 in the glass 14 and the bypass plug 16. A through vertical eccentric hole 19 is made in the end of the bypass plug 16. In the initial position (Fig. 4), the hole 19 does not coincide with the hole 20 of the second plug — drain 21 by the value of the calculated angle α. Thus, the direct (eccentric) passage for the drilling fluid (working fluid) is blocked. The drain plug 21 has two protrusions 22 (Fig. 3) that fit into the corresponding two grooves (not shown) of the housing 1, which determines a fixed angular position of the hole 20 relative to the valve housing 1 at an angle β. During operation of the valve, the bypass plug 16 is slid over the drain plug 21 by the end surfaces, while sliding can be performed both without applying special coatings (with a polished surface, for example), or by coating, for example, molybdenum disulfide, on the contact surface of the drain plug 21. Coating improves the quality of sliding due to the low coefficient of friction of the surface, which provides it with antifriction properties and guarantees the absence of jamming in the friction pair ll metal.

The valve is switched by supplying the estimated flow rate of the drilling fluid (working fluid) to the piston 27 with the nozzle 34 by creating a pressure difference acting on the piston 27 and the pressure inside the nozzle 14, taking into account the lateral flow of fluid through the hole 2. At a given point in time, the flow rate is increased to the calculated values. The piston moves down as a result of the pressure difference. When this happens, the rotation of the glass 14 due to the movement of the pin guide 24 along the figured code groove 33 controlled. In this case, the lateral hole 2 occupies an intermediate position relative to the groove, and the hole 15 occupies an intermediate position at an angle γ relative to the hole 19 (Fig. 4). Then the flow of drilling fluid into the valve is stopped. Under the action of the force of the compressed spring 35, the piston 27 moves to the upper position. At the same time, the rotational movement of the nozzle 14 is completed. The lateral hole 15 extends beyond the length of the groove 2, being closed to the lateral outflow of the drilling fluid. In this case, the vertical through eccentric hole 19 is located opposite the vertical through eccentric hole 20 coaxially (Fig. 5), opening the passage for the direct flow of the drilling fluid down. With subsequent submission, the drilling fluid passes through valve 1-37 and activates the hydraulic deflector wedge anchoring system (not shown) for subsequent milling of the side window in the casing.

Then, using a telesystem (not shown), the suspension of the cementless shank or wedge diverter of the hydraulic multi-barrel is oriented. The valve switches the flow direction of the flushing fluid (drilling fluid) to the downstream equipment. Mount the shank or hydraulic wedge diverter on the walls of the casing. Moreover, at the beginning, before starting the drilling fluid, the radial holes must be open in order to avoid the presence of an air plug after starting the drilling fluid.

The advantages of the claimed device compared to the prototype:

- the device is simpler in layout and therefore less metal consuming;

- the device improves the reliability of controlling the valve system and anchoring the lower components of the layout for multi-hole drilling using a wedge diverter by optimizing the relationship of the elements and their interaction during operation of the bypass valve.

Information sources

1. Copyright certificate No. 571649, IPC F16K 17/04 of 03/13/75

2. US patent No. 2006225885, No. 7357198, IPC ЕВВ 34/10, publ. November 12, 2006

Claims (1)

A controllable bypass valve, comprising an upper and lower sub with a cylindrical cavity, a hollow body located between the sub, is made with a radial through hole, a spring-loaded piston, on the surface of which a shaped controllable groove is made, a control pin, a nozzle located in the piston under the upper sub, a glass , drain plug, bearing, o-rings and their corresponding grooves in the glass, upper and lower sub, coil spring, spring-loaded piston, characterized in that the upper sub is made with a cavity of variable cross section: the conical part goes into a cylindrical, the hollow body in the upper part is made with longitudinal grooves on the inner surface, the piston is spring-loaded in the glass and made T-shaped, the horizontal component restricting the movement of the piston is made with protrusions corresponding to longitudinal grooves on the inner surface of the housing, the vertical component is made with a controlled code shaped groove with a final projection onto a plane, a control pin for the needle-shaped code groove is made of variable cross-section: the larger cross-section is threaded and secured with thread in the glass, the smaller pin cross-section is made with a smooth surface and placed in the lower part of the controlled code curly groove, the spring with the lower end fixed rigidly in the glass, the glass is made of a cylindrical shape of constant cross section with hole coaxial to the radial hole in the lower part of the housing, with a bypass plug, rigidly connected to the lower end of the glass, made with a radial through hole coaxial to the radial holes of the housing and the glass, the glass with the bypass plug and a spring in it is mounted above the lower sub on the drain plug with the possibility of rotation on it, the drain plug is made with a vertical through hole eccentrically placed in it and aligned with a vertical through hole eccentrically made in the plug bypass, drain plug has protrusions that are rigidly fixed in the housing, the surfaces of the plugs in contact with each other are made with a coefficient of friction, providing anti-friction properties.