RU2655588C1 - Attack aircraft - 2 (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: combat air force.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to combat air force. In the first version, an attack aircraft represents an armed aircraft that has guns, located pairwise symmetrically about the center of the aircraft mass, directed sideways. Console wing/wings, facing the enemy, stronger and with larger area and/or swing than the opposite console. In the second variant, the attack aircraft represents an armed aircraft, which has rocket launchers (MLRS), located symmetrically about the center of the aircraft mass and directed sideways. MLRS blocks are made movable downward from their compartments. Lower surfaces of the blocks are aerodynamic covers of these compartments.

EFFECT: group of inventions aimed at reducing vulnerability to shelling.

12 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to combat aviation and is intended primarily for attack aircraft.

Such aircraft are known, see the Internet, Wikipedia, SU-25, A-10, MQ-9, or US Pat. No. RU 132575. It is also known that helicopters flying "in the plane" are used as attack aircraft. But this tactic for aircraft and, especially, for helicopters is very irrational. Firstly, an attack aircraft can only fire at a target periodically - at first it is too far from the target, and then it needs to exit the dive so as not to crash into the ground. Secondly, after a frontal attack, the aircraft is forced to leave the combat dive close to the target, and, moreover, exposing its maximum projection under fire (as the pilots say, “belly”).

The objective and technical result of the invention is the creation of a virtually invulnerable attack aircraft.

OPTION 1. I previously proposed an aircraft (hereinafter “attack aircraft) that uses the tactics of the Americans in Vietnam — an attack aircraft flies in a circle in the center of which the target is located and fires it constantly and from a safe distance (there is a separate application for invention). That attack aircraft was designed for one gun, and had a tandem aerodynamic design.

It has a gun aimed at one side at an angle of up to + -45 degrees horizontally. Vertically, the aiming angle of the gun can be quite large - up to a range of +15 - -70 degrees.

The gun may have a muzzle brake, but jets of powder gases from it for an attack aircraft must go down and up.

The gun can be quite powerful, for example, a caliber of 125 or 152 mm. You can use the standard tank gun from "Almaty", moving the recoil device above the barrel so that it does not interfere with the automatic loading system. But how can the aircraft withstand the returns of such a powerful gun? First, of course, the fuselage design must be reinforced. And secondly, and most importantly, the recoil mechanism should be lengthened as much as possible (“extra-long” frictional rollback, possibly exceeding the barrel length, there is a separate application for an invention). After all, the longer the recoil course, the less power is extinguished by the kinetic energy of recoil of the barrel. The retractable mechanism will go not only beyond the dimensions of the fuselage, but also, possibly, beyond the dimensions of the wing, for example, it can have a length of 10 m, see FIG. 2.

Of course, you can use the usual recoilless gun, but, firstly, they usually have a lower initial velocity of the projectile, and secondly, a strong exhaust from the other side of the aircraft can lead to a violation of the aerodynamics of the aircraft (a breakdown in a tailspin) or disruption of combustion in turbojet engines. However, sat down to use reciprocating internal combustion engines, which are not afraid of a flame outbreak, recoilless guns are also possible.

It is preferable to use taps with jet nozzles turned back on the gun barrel, see application for invention according to application No. 2009106924. To ensure that the branches do not interfere with the movement on the recoil, the branches should be made to the side (right and left), and on each branch, place two jet nozzles directed back and up at an angle of 10-15 degrees to the axis of the barrel.

Of course, the muzzle brake will reduce the recoil force. But it should not go over the diameter of the breech of the barrel, so as not to touch the sliding mechanism with an extra-long rollback.

The barrel of the gun in flight will bend somewhat from the oncoming air stream, and during intense firing it will heat up and will be unevenly cooled from the side of the incoming air stream. Therefore, an aiming device (for example, a thermal imager) should be mounted as close to the gun’s barrel as possible, preferably from the front of it (all directions are given relative to the direction of flight) so that the air turbulence does not distort the aiming. It is advisable to use television and thermal imaging systems for automatic tracking of targets (can be used from BMP "Bakhcha").

You can also close the barrel with an insulating and aerodynamically streamlined cover. A recoil mechanism is also desirable to give a streamlined shape.

Given the swing of the aircraft on air turbulence and its “startle” from its own shots, the guns should be gyro-stabilized.

The number of guns on a heavy attack aircraft can be 2, 4, 6, 8. And they should be located in pairs symmetrically relative to the center of mass of the aircraft. Cannot be placed under the wing.

When fired, a heavy barrel moves from one side to another. So that at this moment there is no sharp roll, three solutions are possible:

1. when fired by a signal from the shot sensor, the autopilot gives a command for a short-term response to the ailerons. The shot sensor may be an end switch interacting with a protrusion on the barrel at the moment the projectile exits the barrel (exhaust gases act on it).

2. the barrel is kinematically connected to the flap or wing-like element on the sliding mechanism, for example, in the final phase of the rollback, the barrel presses a lever connected to the wing-like element located at the end of the rolling mechanism.

3. the barrel is fixed below the center of mass of the attack aircraft, and then the heeling moment from the displacement of the mass of the barrel will be compensated by the opposite direction from the recoil.

Since the attack aircraft is always facing the target with one side, it can only be armored from this side, including booking one wing extreme engine. To reduce the surface of the armor and to increase the strength, the fuselage should be given a horizontally oriented rectangular shape, see Fig. one.

However, the earlier proposed attack aircraft of a relatively small take-off mass cannot fully protect itself from enemy weapons. Why did stormtroopers make it relatively light until the end of the 20th century? Because the main means to avoid the defeat of enemy air defense were the small size of the attack aircraft, and weak infrared radiation.

However, progress in the field of electronics and laser weapons has diametrically changed the situation - a heavy attack aircraft has become rational. What are its advantages? Firstly, it can carry a sufficient amount of armor that protects it from 30-40 mm shells. Secondly, a heavy attack aircraft can carry a sufficient number of powerful infrared traps, for example, US Pat. No. 2399014 or 2428406. Thirdly, a heavy attack aircraft can carry a powerful station of radio interference to combat missiles with radar guidance. And fourthly, it can carry active means of destruction of flying missiles and shells with a caliber of more than 100 mm (the radio-technical part can be unified with the Armata tank). This is a 30-mm gun, firing beams of arrows in the caliber of 4.28-6 mm with a tungsten tip, for example, according to US Pat. No. 2462685. The same guns, but already firing shells (the guns must be double-powered), can effectively protect the attack aircraft from ground-based air defense systems. And it’s better to destroy the enemy’s manpower, which is within their radius of reach, with the above-mentioned bundles of arrows. Manpower and infrared rockets can be blinded by a laser beam.

To reduce infrared radiation, motors can be cooled by irrigation with a liquid, such as water.

To reduce the likelihood of hitting anti-aircraft shells, the attack aircraft must fly with such a roll so that its wings are turned exactly with their profile to the direction of the trajectory of the incoming shells. But the plane can fly along a given radius with a roll that can be changed in fairly narrow ranges. And if he needs to fire at a target from a sufficiently high height, then the plane cannot fly there with the roll necessary for reasons of the mentioned security. Of course, you can climb higher, and send the gun abruptly down. But there is an opportunity to help the plane acquire the desired roll. For this, at the ends of the wing (s), the aircraft has developed end washers and aerodynamic ridges with a controllable trailing edge, or completely rotatable in the horizontal plane. There may also be developed aerodynamic ridges (on the lower, upper, or both sides of the wing). In this case, for a flight with a large roll, you can use lateral force on the aerodynamic washers and ridges. To increase this force, aerodynamic washers and ridges may be initially set with an angle of attack with respect to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, and / or may have an asymmetric profile.

To enhance lateral sliding, the aircraft engines can also be rotated in the horizontal plane.

A heavy attack aircraft, like the aforementioned light one, can have a tandem aerodynamic design, but it can also have a traditional aerodynamic layout. However, in any case, the wing / wings console facing the enemy must be stronger and have a larger area than the opposite console.

It should be stronger, of course, because the probability of getting into it is much greater than in the opposite console, which protects the fuselage from damage. And also in order to withstand without damage the impact of bullets of 7.62 mm caliber from a distance of 1-2 km (estimated flight altitude during the attack). With such strength, the surface of the console will be able to ricochet shells from it of caliber up to 40 mm, which fall casually.

The console facing the enemy should be larger in area and / or in scope because several masses are concentrated on one side of the aircraft: this is the side armor of the fuselage, the armor protection of the engines (mainly on only one side), the armored end aerodynamic washer.

Since the center of mass of the aircraft is shifted to one side, the engines must be located so that the total horizontal moment created by them relative to the center of mass of the aircraft is zero. Otherwise, when taking off, at full thrust, the aircraft will immediately begin to turn. When speed is set, due to the unequal resistance of the right and left wing consoles, a moment of force can occur that turns the aircraft sideways, which should be manually or automatically counterbalanced by the rudder.

Symmetrically with respect to the center of mass, the side landing gear must also be located; otherwise, during landing, the aircraft may sideways. And the nose wheel is preferably located exactly in front of the center of mass of the aircraft.

As a basis for the design of such an attack aircraft, you can take engines, components and assemblies from IL-76MD-90A. Only the fuselage should be as small as possible, frame structure and with a small lateral projection.

Elevators and keels should preferably be mounted on pyro-bolts (see Pat No. 2336203), so that if they are severely damaged, threatening the controllability of the aircraft, they can be shot. Before shooting the front (and rear) rudders, all four rudders must be turned down so that the flying off rudder does not crash into the engines, but fly down.

In FIG. 1 shows a ground attack aircraft in a rear view (guns and elevators not shown), and FIG. 2 - in a top view.

The attack aircraft contains a fuselage 1 with a wing 2, with two horizontal rudders of height 3 - front and rear (to increase survivability), and the front rudders must be made according to the patent "Regressive weathervane duck" No. 2410286. There are two keels 4 on the fuselage. Four engines 5 are installed on the wing.

It is desirable that the trunks of the guns 6 in the working position were lower than the jets from the turbojet engines, otherwise the trunks will experience bending force from the jets, and the trajectory of the fired shells will deviate back, and will have to be corrected. On the other side of the attack aircraft, extra-long frictional recoil mechanisms are visible 7. The guns are turned to the right (or can be left). It is recommended that at least two planes be sent for attack - one with the right orientation of the guns, the other with the left.

At the end of the left wing console there is an end washer 8, and at the end of the right console there is an armored end washer 9. There are aerodynamic ridges 10 on the consoles, the most right of which is armored (it is thicker in the sketch). The size of this ridge is such that it completely shields the infrared radiation of the engines and protects them from projectile damage. The right end washer and the right ridge are possibly mounted on elastic elements so as not to overload the places of their attachment to the console.

In the nose, in the tail and under the center wing there are 11 installations with twin 30-mm guns for destroying missiles and shells larger than 100 mm, and for hitting ground targets.

The lower part of the fuselage and engine nacelles are armored from small arms. It should be noted that this armor is "constructive", that is, it is not ballast, but carries the strength load of the fuselage (the fuselage in the form of a rectangular tube will well absorb all the loads acting on it).

It is also advisable to make the right wing with a slightly thicker skin, so as to provide rebound shells of caliber 30-40 mm at an angle of impact of 1-2 degrees.

The attack aircraft works like this: the plane flies to the target with the right side, and enters the flight in a circle with a radius of 3-4 km with a right bank towards the enemy. The guns are constantly aimed at the target, and can continuously fire at it (American tactics in Vietnam). In this case, the aircraft is turned towards the target with only one armored side.

The attack aircraft monitors the surrounding area using radars, cameras and thermal imagers. Having discovered an approaching rocket or a 100-mm shell, an attack aircraft fires them from six 30-mm guns with arrow-shaped elements. Missiles and ground-based anti-aircraft guns can also be blinded by a laser beam.

However, the fact that the main guns are always aimed at the target does not mean that you can shoot without pre-emption. The guns must be directed somewhat behind the target, that is, to preempt the relative motion of the stationary target relative to the moving aircraft.

The direction and strength of the wind in the target area at the appropriate height must be entered into the computer’s computer memory. The fact is that the direction and speed of the aircraft relative to air and relative to the ground do not coincide. It is also necessary to make an amendment for the demolition of a projectile by the wind, and possibly by a jet of a jet engine.

The exit from the attack is carried out after the complete destruction of the enemy, and also, as the pilots say, “pancake”, that is, without a roll. Given the last two factors, an anti-aircraft fire is very unlikely.

It should be specially noted that it is advisable to use at least two group aircraft. For example, when fired from an airplane, enemy infantry took refuge behind a building or in a funnel. In this case, its defeat is unlikely, but it is vice versa - it can conveniently and safely shell the aircraft. At the same time, in the process of flying around the target in a circle, the infantry will move behind the building or in the funnel so as not to be exposed to fire from an airplane. Everything changes dramatically if there are at least two planes that fly in a circle, arranged diametrically (even if one of them is “right” and the second is “left”). Then, hiding from one plane, the infantry will just be in the sight of another. We can say that the combat effectiveness of a group of two aircraft is equal to the efficiency of four single aircraft.

You can fire at a target with any type of projectile, including with a remote laser fuse. And from the 152-mm cannon can be fired at with laser-guided projectiles "Krasnopol". But for this, the attack aircraft must have several gyro-stabilized laser-guided stations.

To reduce the time the attack aircraft is in the zone of firing from the ground, it is advisable to make the gun as fast as possible (you can take the 125-mm gun from the Armata tank as a basis by using a telescopic or friction ultra-long recoil mechanism).

To reduce the likelihood of hitting shells fired by an attack aircraft, not only 30-mm, but also much more dangerous tank ones, the attack aircraft can fly in a circle, changing the flight altitude every 3-4 seconds, or in waves. But in order for such a flight not to disrupt its shells from the desired trajectory, the sight computer should have an accelerometer measuring the vertical speed of the attack aircraft and introducing this correction into the aim.

If the ammunition is used up, and the target is not destroyed and shoots the plane, then you need to leave without a roll, turning left to an angle of 45-90 degrees. With such a departure, the defeat of an aircraft from small arms is unlikely.

OPTION 2. It is possible to use in such an aircraft not guns, but multiple launch rocket systems (hereinafter MLRS), preferably gyrostabilized. There may be 10 or more pieces. Moreover, since the firing range will not exceed 6-7 km, rocket engines can have a 2-3 times lower impulse. In this case, the attack aircraft turns into a flying multiple launch rocket system with an ammunition load of up to 1000 missiles.

In this embodiment, there are significant difficulties: firstly, as in recoilless guns, missile exhausts can cause a breakdown of combustion in turbojet engines. This can be avoided by applying the tandem aerodynamic design with engines located only on the front wing.

Secondly, the long missile flight time increases the requirements for the selection of lead.

Thirdly, feathered missiles will be deployed and carried sideways with a transverse flow of incoming air for them. Aim correction is required.

It is possible to avoid disruption of combustion in engines, if you conduct volley fire with planning with the engines turned off. However, this increases the requirements for the electronic aiming system, since it will be necessary to simultaneously take into account the decrease in lead due to a decrease in the speed of the aircraft (however, you can choose a mode when it will be constant), a decrease in flight altitude, a vertical speed of aircraft decline, an increase in air density with a decrease in height, reduction of drift of missiles by the free flow of air.

To prevent a violation of the aerodynamics of the aircraft and stalling combustion in engines, it is possible to make MLRS blocks extendable from their compartments downward, and the lower surfaces of the blocks will be the aerodynamic covers of these compartments.

The use of MLRS instead of guns has its advantages: it is possible to fire at an enemy from a distance of 10 km and from a height of about 5 km, which makes the attack aircraft completely unattainable for anti-aircraft artillery and man-portable air defense systems like the Stinger. However, for the destruction of non-essential targets, for example, a group of 10-15 militants, as well as for the destruction of mobile armored targets, this option is not rational. However, if you use homing parachute modules to destroy tanks, then vice versa - this option is very effective.

This option works like this: the aircraft describes a circle with a radius of 5-10 km around the target and launches all or part of the missiles. If the target is linear (for example, a technical column), so that the distance to each segment of the target remains constant, the aircraft should fly in an arc with a larger radius, for example 15-20 km (calculated by the processor of the sight depending on the length and bend of the column).

It should be noted for both options that there is one caveat - you should use a car chassis (that is, four wheels in two pairs with the same track) on the plane. This will make it possible to use the take-off “Device for take-off aircraft” according to patent No. 2583410 of two channels instead of three for a three-wheeled chassis. This device will allow you to take off with a damaged or snowy runway.

I especially note the great export potential of the aircraft. If we organize the mass production of such attack aircraft, then it will not only pay for itself, but also bring large foreign exchange profits.

Thirdly, feathered missiles will be deployed and carried sideways with a transverse flow of incoming air for them. Aim correction is required.

It is possible to avoid disruption of combustion in engines, if you conduct volley fire with planning with the engines turned off. However, this increases the requirements for the electronic aiming system, since it will be necessary to simultaneously take into account the decrease in lead due to a decrease in the speed of the aircraft (however, you can choose a mode when it will be constant), a decrease in flight altitude, a vertical speed of aircraft decline, an increase in air density with a decrease in height, reduction of drift of missiles by the free flow of air.

To prevent a violation of the aerodynamics of the aircraft and stalling combustion in engines, it is possible to make MLRS blocks extendable from their compartments downward, and the lower surfaces of the blocks will be the aerodynamic covers of these compartments.

The use of MLRS instead of guns has its advantages: it is possible to fire at an enemy from a distance of 10 km and from a height of about 5 km, which makes the attack aircraft completely unattainable for anti-aircraft artillery and man-portable air defense systems like the Stinger. However, for the destruction of non-essential targets, for example, a group of 10-15 militants, as well as for the destruction of mobile armored targets, this option is not rational. However, if you use homing parachute modules to destroy tanks, then vice versa - this option is very effective.

This option works like this: the aircraft describes a circle with a radius of 5-10 km around the target and launches all or part of the missiles. If the target is linear (for example, a technical column), so that the distance to each segment of the target remains constant, the aircraft should fly in an arc with a larger radius, for example 15-20 km (calculated by the processor of the sight depending on the length and bend of the column).

One nuance should be noted for both options - a car chassis (i.e. four wheels in two pairs with the same track) should be used on the plane. This will make it possible to use the take-off “Device for take-off aircraft” according to patent No. 2583410 of two channels instead of three for a three-wheeled chassis. This device will allow you to take off with a damaged or snowy runway.

I especially note the great export potential of the aircraft. If we organize the mass production of such attack aircraft, then it will not only pay for itself, but also bring large foreign exchange profits.

Claims (12)

1. An attack aircraft, which is an armed aircraft, characterized in that it has guns arranged in pairs symmetrically relative to the center of mass of the aircraft, directed to the side, and the wing / wings console facing the enemy is stronger and has a larger area and / or wingspan than the opposite console . 2. The attack aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an armored end aerodynamic washer on the console facing the enemy. 3. The attack aircraft under item 1, characterized in that it has end washers and aerodynamic ridges made with a controllable trailing edge, or completely rotatable in the horizontal plane. 4. The attack aircraft under item 1, characterized in that the sight is mounted as close as possible to the barrel of the gun. 5. The attack aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that when fired by a signal from the shot sensor, the autopilot gives a command for a short-term response to the ailerons. 6. The attack aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel is kinematically connected to the flap or wing-like element on the recoil mechanism. 7. The attack aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel is fixed below the center of mass of the attack aircraft. 8. The attack aircraft under item 1, characterized in that it has a reservation from only one side. 9. The attack aircraft under item 1, characterized in that the engines must be located so that they create the total horizontal moment relative to the center of mass of the aircraft was zero. 10. Attack aircraft under item 1, characterized in that the side landing gear are symmetrically relative to the center of mass. 11. Attack aircraft under item 1, characterized in that the aircraft engines are made rotary in the horizontal plane. 12. An attack aircraft, which is an armed aircraft, characterized in that it has multiple launch rocket launchers (MLRS) located symmetrically with respect to the center of mass of the aircraft and directed to the side, with MLRS units sliding down from their compartments, and the lower surfaces of the blocks are aerodynamic covers of these compartments.

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