RU2581675C1 - Method for assessing effectiveness of use in conditions of salinity of preparations-stimulants for presowing treatment of grain seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: area of use of invention relates to agriculture, namely to a method of evaluating effectiveness of the preparations-stimulant for presowing treatment of grain seeds. Identical suspension processed and unprocessed preparations-stimulators of seeds are placed in a closed container filled with sand in an amount in 4 times greater than the weight of seeds, and added to the capacity equal to weighed portions seeds amount of water, maintained and carbon dioxide concentration is measured, released at one central corn seed in germination of seeds in contact with water at room temperature during 16-28 hours in containers with compared seeds. Higher value characterizes the best sowing quality of seeds and quality of preparation-stimulator.

EFFECT: invention allows evaluating biological activity of promoters of seed germination and solving problem of selection of preparations-stimulant for presowing treatment of seeds.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely, to assess the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations for presowing treatment of seeds.

There is a method of evaluating the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment by plant productivity [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity (in our natural area, experiments can be carried out once a year) and additional variability of the results arising due to changing weather conditions from year to year.

Due to the fact that the treatment of seeds with stimulants increases the sowing quality of seeds, the closest to the claimed method is to determine the energy of germination and germination of grain [2], which consists in the germination of seeds in wet sand. Petri dishes are filled with moistened sand, level it. Then the seeds are laid out and pressed into the sand with a tamper to a depth equal to their thickness. This method allows you to compare processed and untreated seeds.

The main disadvantages of this method are, firstly, low productivity when conducting experiments. For most crops, the time to determine germination is 3-4 days, and germination - 7-8 days. Secondly, it is not possible to obtain results of sufficient statistical significance, since the tests are carried out, as a rule, in four repetitions when using 100 kernels in one experiment. This is due to the fact that the germinated seeds must be recounted, which, with a large number of seeds (more than 100), requires significant labor costs. Thirdly, it is not possible to fully evaluate the sowing qualities of the seeds, since only the planting of seedlings for a certain time, and not their length, is taken into account. As a result, various good seeds cannot be distinguished from each other in terms of sowing qualities, which means that it is impossible to choose the best of them.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment of grain crops, which allows to obtain results with a high degree of reliability and increase labor productivity when choosing stimulant preparations.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the sowing quality of seeds is determined by their ability to produce energy. The higher the speed at which seeds produce energy, the higher their ability to grow and their ability to counteract negative environmental factors. Seeds produce energy due to the breakdown of stored nutrients by enzymes when a chain of processes occurs in them: i-RNAs are formed that provide the formation of enzymes that break down stored nutrients. All processes are quite complex and difficult to study, but their total result, along with energy production, is the formation of carbon dioxide. Thus, the rate of carbon dioxide formation actually characterizes the rate of energy production during seed germination and makes it possible to grade the seeds according to their sowing qualities. To do this, equal weighed portions of the compared seeds (processed and unprocessed) are placed in glasses, covered with sand in an amount 4 times the weight of the seeds, and water is added. After that, the sample cups are placed in containers that are hermetically sealed and can withstand a certain time. Over time, measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in containers with treated and untreated stimulant seeds and recalculate the amount of carbon dioxide released on the average grain. A higher indicator characterizes the best sowing quality of seeds and the quality of the stimulant drug.

The problem is solved by treating the seeds with stimulant preparations according to the technology adopted in agriculture, placing processed and untreated seeds with stimulant drugs in containers, bringing the seeds into contact with water, keeping the seeds in contact with water, determining and comparing parameters characterizing germination of seeds treated and not treated with stimulant drugs, using closed containers in which weighed portions of seeds treated and not treated with stimulant drugs, for seeds are poured with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and the same amount of water is added to the containers with the amount of seeds, and to assess the effectiveness of the use of stimulants for presowing treatment of seeds of grain crops, the difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released per one average grain is used when seeds germinate in contact with water at room temperature for 16-28 hours.

The advantage of the proposed method is its high performance and accuracy. The result can be obtained after 16-28 hours, conducting tests with thousands of seeds. The increase in the number of seeds does not complicate the work, as they determine the total parameter, but significantly increases the accuracy of the results. Error at 95% significance level does not exceed 2-5%. It can be reduced by increasing the number of repetitions without a significant decrease in labor productivity. This means that it is possible to distinguish between drugs that improve the sowing quality of seeds by 5-10%, which was previously impossible to do.

The following examples reveal the essence of the invention.

Example 1

Testing technique parameters

The parameters of the method — the weight of the seeds, the weight of the water, the weight of the sand, the duration of the experiment and the volume of the containers are interconnected and are determined by the capabilities of the device used to measure the carbon dioxide concentration. We used a carbon dioxide meter “Testo 535”. The maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, measured with this device, is 9999 ppm. When using hermetically sealed containers of 3 l and a sample of seeds 5 g, which corresponds to 100-200 seeds. When conducting experiments at room temperature, the maximum concentration is reached for some seeds in a time greater than 28-30 hours.

A sample of seeds — 5 g, a volume of containers — 3 l, and an experiment — 1 day — were taken as the basic parameters of the procedure.

To clarify the relationship between the weighed portions of seeds and water, experiments were carried out using carbon dioxide concentration as a criterion. This is due to the fact that both a deficiency and an excess of moisture lead to a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide due to a slowdown in biochemical processes. In the first case, due to a lack of water, in the second case, due to a lack of oxygen for the respiration of seeds. In addition, with an excess of water, the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide in excess water. The results are presented in table 1.

From the results obtained, it is seen that the maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the tank per day accumulates when weighed in water equal to about 5 g - the weight of the seeds.

However, the experimental error was still quite high and amounted to 8-12%, which we associated with different wettability of seeds. After adding water, it was not possible to "submerge" all the seeds and some of them floated on the surface of the water. To ensure the same wetting conditions, it was decided to fill the seeds with sand, and then add water.

A series of experiments was conducted to select a sand sample. The results are presented in table 2.

From the results obtained, it is seen that the optimal weight of sand corresponds to 20 g when using 5 g of seeds and 5 g of water.

To verify the correct timing for determining the concentration, kinetic curves were taken — the dependence of the change in carbon dioxide concentration in a 3-liter tank when 5 g of seeds, 5 g of water, and 20 g of sand were placed in it. The results are presented in FIG. one.

From the obtained data it is clearly seen that for all cultures in the experimental conditions there is a change in the rate of carbon dioxide release. Curves consist of 2 sections. Initial - more gentle, on which different cultures are hardly distinguishable among themselves. After 800-900 minutes, the rate of carbon dioxide release increases, and each culture has its own rate of carbon dioxide release, and the cultures are clearly distinguishable from each other, according to the concentrations that they create in sealed containers. The results obtained allow us to choose the time of the experiment 16-28 hours. The lower limit is determined by the change in the rate of carbon dioxide emission, and the upper one - by the capabilities of the device used and the need to conduct experiments in the shortest time, as well as the convenience of the experiments. Time, one day, satisfies all the conditions listed above.

The error in determining the sowing qualities of seeds can be reduced to 2-5% by conducting experiments in seven-fold repetition.

Example 2

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of various stimulant drugs

A comparison was made of the effectiveness of using 4 stimulant preparations recommended for use: Nanogro, Albit, Regoplant and Fertigrain Start. The tests were carried out on an experimental sample of winter wheat of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikova, grade "L-15 No. 222". Seed treatment was carried out on a model of industrially used seed dresser at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds. For each drug, concentrations and doses recommended for its use were used.

Seeds treated with water were used as a comparison sample at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds. The results are presented in table 3.

From the data obtained, it is clearly seen that only the Fertigrain Start preparation, when pre-sowing, significantly (24%) improves the sowing quality of seeds and it is recommended to use it on these specific seeds.

Example 3

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of the stimulating drug "Fertigrain start" on various varieties of winter and spring wheat

Seed treatment was carried out on a model of industrially used seed dresser at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds. Seeds treated with water were used as a comparison sample at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds. The results are presented in table 4.

From the results obtained, it is clearly seen that the effectiveness of the drug depends on the properties of the seeds. The lower the activity of biochemical processes at the initial stage of seed germination, the higher the effect of the use of a stimulant drug.

From the presented examples it is clearly seen that the proposed method allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of stimulants for seed germination. The effect of using stimulants on different seeds of grain crops is different, and by testing the proposed method, you can quickly determine whether it makes sense to use a specific stimulant on specific seeds.

Thus, the proposed method, using a simple high-performance technique, allows us to solve the problem of choosing stimulant preparations for presowing seed treatment.

Literature

1. Khristeva L.A., Galushka A.M. The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for presowing seed treatment / Sat. scientific tr Theory and practice of presowing seed treatment. - K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984. p. 16-20.

2. GOST 12038-84. Seeds of crops. Germination determination methods.

Claims (1)

A method for evaluating the effectiveness of stimulant preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment of grain crops, which consists in treating seeds with stimulant preparations, placing treated and not treated seed stimulant preparations in a container, bringing the seeds into contact with water, holding the seeds in contact with water, determining and comparing the parameters characterizing the germination of treated and not treated with seed stimulant preparations, characterized in that they use closed containers in which weighed portions of seeds treated and not treated with stimulant preparations, the seeds are covered with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and the same amount of water is added to the containers with the amount of seeds, and to assess the effectiveness of the use of stimulants for presowing treatment of seeds of grain crops, the difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released on one medium caryopsis when germinating seeds in contact with water at room temperature for 16-28 hours.

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