RU2354088C1 - Tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: tool contains a frame and tines mounted in the frame. Each tine contains a frog with removable chisel and shellboard. Each tine is placed in the longitudinal plane, and the frog is placed horizontally. The widths of the tine and frog are the same. The width of the chisel is larger or equals to one of the tine and frog. The shellboard is fixed so that it can be shifted discretely and vertically. Each shellboard is fixed with tilt in the face plate towards the tine and mounted in it with possibility being dismounted. The tool has coulters fixed on brackets of the frame sidewise towards the tine so that it can be shifted and demounted.

EFFECT: enhancement of operating and technological characteristics, functional capabilities of the tool combined with decrease of draught resistance and energy consumption.

13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to implements for the main (autumn) tillage and can be used in agriculture.

Known plow with subsoilers, containing a frame, vertical hulls with plowshares and subsoilers in the form of a rack with a cultivating paw at the end; in terms of the body of the plowshares and racks with legs are displaced (see the Handbook of the designer of agricultural machines. - Volume 2. - M .: Engineering, 1967. - P.63, Fig. 6).

The technical drawback of such plows: increased traction resistance (due to the presence of two tiers of tillage working bodies), the inability to adapt to specific soil and climatic conditions and, as a result, limited functionality.

A tillage implement is also known, which contains a frame with racks mounted on it, each of which has a shoe with an overhead chisel and a blade mounted on the rack with the possibility of discrete vertical displacement (SU 1709933 A1, 02/07/1992).

The technical drawback of the tool with these working bodies is the limited implementation of a number of types of deep cultivation technologies, the low quality of dump tillage and the inability to adapt to specific agrolandscape conditions, which limits the functionality of the tool.

Technical task: providing the ability to adapt the implement to specific conditions by changing the position, dismantling some and installing other elements of tillage working bodies; dramatic decrease in traction resistance due to decompression and collapse of the soil in front and on the sides of the racks with a bit at the end.

Effect: increase operational and technological indicators and functionality while reducing metal consumption and energy consumption.

According to the invention, the tillage implement comprises a frame with successively mounted plow bodies and subsoilers, the subsoiler racks having a horizontal share operating in the frontal plane with a chisel at the end. In the invention, the tool is equipped with skimmers mounted on the brackets of the frame on the side relative to the rack with the possibility of displacement and dismantling. Moreover, each stand is located in the longitudinal plane, and the shoe is horizontal, and the width of the stand and shoe are equal to each other, and the width of the bit is greater than or equal to the width of the stand and shoe, while each blade is mounted with an inclination in the frontal plane relative to the rack and mounted on it with the possibility of dismantling.

In Fig.1 shows a tillage implement in a complete set, side view; figure 2 is the same, plan view; figure 3 is a tool without skimmers, side view; figure 4 is the same, plan view; figure 5 is a tool with racks and a chisel, side view; figure 6 is the same, plan view; Fig.7 is a tool with struts and a narrow chisel, side view; Fig.8 is the same plan view; Fig.9-13 - interaction diagrams of various options of the implement with the soil (in the frontal plane, in section).

The tillage implement (Figs. 1 and 2) includes a frame 1 on which racks 2 are mounted (Figs. 1–8 are described using one set of tillage tools), each of which has a shoe with a patch bit and a blade mounted on the rack with the possibility of discrete vertical displacement. The tool is also equipped with skimmers mounted on the side of the frame brackets relative to the rack with the possibility of displacement and dismantling, with each rack is located in the longitudinal plane, and the shoe is horizontal. The width of the stand and shoe is equal to each other (they have the same width of ≈30 mm), and the width of the bit (B≈60 mm) is greater than or equal to the width of the stand and shoe, with each blade mounted with an inclination in the frontal plane relative to the stand and mounted on it with the possibility of dismantling. In turn, the upper plane of the bit 4 has a bevel, i.e. at the end of the bit, another declination is formed relative to the horizontal plane, which (taking into account the declination of the bit itself) is ≈30 °. The rack 2 and the horizontal shoe 3 are located in one longitudinal plane, and the bit 4 is also located in the same plane.

The working bodies are made in the form of a blade 5, which is inclined in the frontal (transverse) plane relative to the rack 2, on which holes 6 are made, whereby the holder 7 is fixed on the rack, in turn, the blade 5 is fixed on the holder, i.e. the holder serves as an intermediate link for mounting on the rack 2 of the blade 5. Through these holes, the holder, and therefore the blade, can be mounted on the rack at different heights and there is the possibility of discrete vertical displacement of the blade on the rack, as well as dismantling the blade (together with holder 7) . The tool is equipped with a skimmer 8, which is mounted on the bracket 9 of the frame 1 on the side relative to the rack 2 - in front of the blade 5, somewhat overlapping the upper front edge of the blade 5, located parallel to and above it. The skimmer 8 is mounted on the bracket 9 with the possibility of displacement and dismantling.

In another embodiment (FIGS. 3 and 4), the skimmer 8 and the bracket 9 are absent. In the third embodiment (FIGS. 5 and 6), there is no blade 5 with holder 7. The only tillage working tool in this embodiment is a stand 2 with a shoe 3 located in the longitudinal plane, at the end of which the chisel 4 is removably and obliquely fixed. This implement can be interpreted like a chisel deep-ripper. In the fourth embodiment (Figs. 7 and 8), the width of the bit 10 is equal to the width of the rack 2 and shoe 3 (≈30 mm). This tool can be interpreted as a slitter (slitherer). But options 3 and 4 (Figs. 5-8) retain the possibility of mounting on the rack 2 of the blade 5, for this hole 6 has been saved on the rack; the attachment of the skimmer is also saved 8. On the other hand, the “wide” 4 and “narrow” 10 bits at the attachment points are interchangeable and the chisel subsoiler can be converted into a slotter, and vice versa. Stand 2 and horizontal shoe 3 are the same in all cases.

Tillage tool works as follows.

In all versions of the tool with a "wide" bit 4 (Figs. 1-6), the depth of cultivation by means of a stand 2 with a horizontal shoe 3 located in a longitudinal plane and a bit 4 can be the same - up to 36 cm. With the said depth of chiseling, the distance between the stands in the front the (transverse) plane is 40 cm (Figs. 9-12). The depth of penetration into the soil of the blade 5 is set to 15-20 cm, 25 cm is permissible (with a depth of chiseling of 40 cm). The penetration depth of the strut with a "narrow" bit 10 - of the slot machine (Fig. 13) - may be greater than the depth of chiseling and reach 50-60 cm. The distance between the struts in this implement is 70 or more cm. Thus, in the version with a "wide" bit and the maximum configuration of the guns (figures 1 and 2), in the presence of five sets of working bodies, traction resistance will be greatest. The implement is recommended to be aggregated with a class 4 tractor (type VT-150). In other options (Fig.3-6), with the same number of sets of working bodies, the tractor class can be reduced to 3 (type VT-100). This applies to the slitter with three working bodies (Fig.7 and 8).

In the presence and absence of blade 5 and skimmer 8 rack 2 with a "wide" bit 4 works the same way (Fig.9-12). The bit rips open a deep-lying layer of the “mother” soil and block cutting occurs without the removal of soil shavings on the day surface. Soil accumulates on the upper plane of the bit, which, having no outlet, is compressed, moisture and air are squeezed out of it. With further movement of the gun, fragments of compressed soil break off the bit and fly forward along the rack and on the sides of the rack. As a result of this, unconsolidation and even collapse of the soil occurs in front and on the sides of the rack at an angle of ≈45 ° from the bit up (Fig.9-12). The collapse of the soil in front of the rack is not visible here. In these variants, the main value of the traction resistance of the implement falls on the interaction of the bit with the soil. Since the “wide” bit 4 is conditionally wide (only 60 mm), it is precisely this deconsolidation of the soil that occurs. With a narrower bit, the soil will be compressed on the sides and there will be no soil softening, and with a wider bit, the traction resistance of the implement will sharply increase.

Shown in Fig.9-12 the nature and configuration of deformation and softening of the soil provide:

1) a significant reduction in traction resistance of the gun;

2) dump 5 (by no means a plow body!) Does not cultivate the soil, as in the prototype, but only wraps the upper already loosened (collapsed) soil layer, covering the indicated depth of fertilizer, plant and root residues of the predecessor culture and weeds;

3) skimmer 8 additionally wraps (with incorporation of fertilizers, root and plant residues) a strip of soil that the dump does not capture. In the absence of a skimmer (when possible, FIGS. 10 and 11), this strip is not completely covered, but it makes its “contribution” to the prevention of wind and water erosion of the soil;

4) in versions with a “wide” bit, a comb-shaped bottom of the furrow is formed (Figs. 9-12) with a recess from the bit, which contributes to the accumulation of soil moisture, the development of the root system of plants and the “absorption” of water runoff, and also eliminates the intra-soil runoff;

5) the prototype also has a certain crest of the bottom of the furrow, but it is insignificant and is achieved by unsustainable means, and high traction resistance of the gun due to the horizontal share in the frontal plane (with a chisel) at great depth;

6) one or more dumps 5 can be set on a stand at different heights (Fig. 11), due to which an outer (day) undulating plow surface is formed (shown by a dotted line), which helps to prevent or reduce surface water drains (water erosion);

7) soil cultivation only by means of racks 2 with a chisel 4 at the end (Fig. 12) is a type of deep loosening of the soil with softening of the entire day surface of the soil with the preservation of 70-80% of stubble and plant soil-protecting and mulching residues and with the formation of the same comb bottom furrows.

When the racks 2 are equipped with a “narrow” bit 10, the same narrow slots are cut (soil cleavage) in the absence of the effect of decompression and soil collapse (Fig. 13).

As a result, in the proposed invention, while drastically reducing traction resistance, metal consumption and energy consumption, an increase in operational and technological indicators and functionality is achieved with the adaptation of the implement to specific soil and climatic conditions.

Claims (1)

A tillage implement containing a frame with racks mounted on it, each of which has a shoe with an overhead chisel and a blade mounted on a stand with the possibility of discrete vertical displacement, characterized in that the implement is equipped with skimmers mounted on the side of the frame brackets relative to the stand with the possibility of displacement and dismantling, while each stand is located in the longitudinal plane, and the shoe is horizontal, and the width of the stand and shoe are equal to each other, and the width of the bit is greater than or equal to the rack and shoe, each blade mounted with an inclination in the frontal plane relative to the rack and mounted on it with the possibility of dismantling.

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