RU2265184C1 - Method for revealing and compensation of sighting error in ship artillery complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment, in particular, ship artillery complexes.

SUBSTANCE: the barrel of the artillery mount is preliminary inserted in a television transmitting camera connected by means of cable communication line to a television monitor with a angle-measuring graticule. A small-sized target is locked-on for automatic tracking by the control system, the control system of the artillery mount is changed over to "direct laying", at which the barrel axis is automatically directed to the target tracked by the control system. The image of the tracked target is observed on the screen of the television monitor coupled to the television transmitting camera, and the presence of a shift of the target image relative to the center of the graticule is revealed, with the aid of it the mean values of deflections of the target image in horizon and vertical are determined. After that the television transmitting camera is removed from the barrel of the gun mount, and the control system and the artillery mount are returned to standard functioning, the measured mean values of deflections are introduced into the ballistic computer for producing the compensating corrections into the laying angles of the artillery mount.

EFFECT: provided revealing and compensation of the arising systematic errors without fire of the artillery mount.

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Description

The invention relates to weapons technology and is intended to improve the accuracy of fire of ship artillery systems.

A prerequisite for accurate firing of an artillery complex (artillery complex), consisting of an artillery installation (artillery mount) and a control system for its firing, is the coordination of the axis of the gun mount barrel with the optical axis of the sighting device. A specific feature of naval artillery complexes, in contrast to field, tank, and aviation artillery complexes, is the significant distance of the gun mount to tens of meters from the sight — a deck post (PP) of a radar (radar) or optoelectronic (OES) target tracking station, which makes monitoring difficult coordination of the specified axes.

In the practice of operating naval artillery weapons, a periodic check of the accuracy of the coordination of the axes and, if necessary, the adjustment, i.e. coordination of scale readings and a turn-off of the corresponding sensors of the gun mount guidance mechanisms and the deck post horizontally and vertically. Checking the alignment of the axes is carried out under conditions ensuring the immobility of the ship's hull when the ship is in the dock or near the harbor wall in quiet water in the absence of wind. Verification is an organizationally complex and time-consuming procedure performed by a team of operators on de-energized equipment of the art complex. It consists in the simultaneous manual turning of the mechanisms of the axis of the gun mount and the optical axis of the PP by a distant reference point (usually a bright star clearly visible in the night sky) and by reconciling the readings of the scales of the corresponding pointing mechanisms of the gun mount and the PP (Yu.A. Zhuravsky, N. S. Medvedev "Memo to a young naval artillery officer", Moscow, Military Publishing, 1982, p. 240).

The disadvantages of this check are due to:

- the impossibility of carrying it out in the conditions of daily service of the ship and, in particular, in the conditions of a long hike;

- lack of control over the departure of the axes in the intervals between inspections caused by deformation of the ship’s hull due to changes in its load (due to the reception and consumption of fuel, ammunition and other expendable equipment) or due to unilateral heating of the ship’s hull under the influence of solar radiation.

Since the mismatch between the axes of the gun mount and the gunner leads to the appearance of a systematic shooting error, in the practice of operating modern ship artillery systems, as well as in ground artillery [2], the method of detecting and compensating for a systematic error by shooting a fictitious air rapper is used.

To implement the shooting of a fictitious air rapper, the operator of the ship’s artillery complex control system assigns the coordinates of the aiming control point at which the radar antenna (PP) is aimed and at which the gun mount is fired. The angular deviations of the shells (shell traces) relative to the control point are measured in its picture plane using radar, which allows us to identify and compensate for the systematic shooting error caused by the actual (at the time of the shooting reference) mismatch between the gun mount axes and the radar PP. Both of the methods described above for detecting and compensating for systematic shooting errors, both a “star-based” alignment method and a method based on radar measurement of misses missiles (projectile traces) in the picture plane of a fictitious aiming point (control point), are prototypes of the present invention.

The disadvantages of the method of shooting air rapper are:

- its impracticability in the artillery complex with an optical-electronic station, incapable of sighting sighting projectiles;

- the need for ammunition consumption for the shooting;

- as well as the impossibility of carrying out shooting in some situations for tactical reasons.

The aim of the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks and to ensure the identification and compensation of systematic errors due to the mismatch between the axes of the gun mount and the PP of the ship’s artillery complex, both during parking and in the conditions of the ship’s hike, without firing the gun mount.

This goal is achieved by introducing a special mode of operation of the artillery complex, in which a television transmitting camera (TPK) is inserted into the barrel of the artillery mount, connected via a cable line to a television monitor that provides for the observation of the image of the object in the field of view of the TPK against the background of an angle gauge. They then capture any small-sized control object (for example, a coastal landmark or a random air or sea target) convenient for television surveillance to be automatically escorted by the deck control system of the artillery complex to automatic tracking; The control system is switched to the “direct guidance” mode of the gun mount, in which the gun mount barrel is aimed directly at the object accompanied by the deck post and, observing the image of this object on a monitor connected to the TPK inserted into the gun barrel, the presence of the angular displacement of the object relative to the center of the angle-measuring grid is determined, the constants components of the specified displacement vertically and horizontally and enter their values in the guidance line of the gun mount to calculate corrective corrections when generating shooting data for real targets.

Figure 1 shows a typical functional diagram of a ship artillery complex in the standard (combat) mode of its operation.

It is designated:

1 - radar (optical radar) or optoelectronic (OES) automatic target tracking station, which measures the current coordinates q _c , ε _c , D _{c of the} target in a ship’s spherical coordinate system attached to the deck post (PP) of the radar or OES, where

q _c - course angle of the target,

ε _c - the elevation angle of the target,

D _c - the inclined range to the target;

2 - converter of the current coordinates q _c , ε _c , D _{c of the} target to the coordinates of X _c , Y _c , N _{c of the} target in a rectangular geographical coordinate system attached to the gun mount, taking into account the course and qualities of the ship, as measured by the ship’s gyrostabilization system, and basic values distance and excess gun mount relative to the deck post;

3 - ballistic computer, providing the development of the target velocity vector, solving the problem of meeting the projectile with the target and taking into account ballistic and meteorological corrections (taking into account the deviation of the actual shooting conditions from the standard) in a rectangular coordinate system, as well as converting the current coordinates of the lead point to the angles of vertical and horizontal guidance (UVN, UGN) gun mounts in a stabilized spherical coordinate system;

4 - Converter stabilized guidance angles UVN, UGN to full angles of vertical and horizontal guidance (PUVN, PUGN) gun mounts in the ship's spherical coordinate system attached to gun mounts using data on the parameters of the ship’s motion coming from the ship’s gyrostabilization system;

5 - gun mount with vertical and horizontal guidance drives synchronously tracking the angles PUVN and PUGN developed by the control system.

Figure 2 shows the functional diagram of the artillery complex in the mode that provides the implementation of the proposed method.

It is designated:

6 - television transmitting camera (TPK) inserted into the barrel of the gun mount;

7 - television monitor with angle grid;

8 - cable communication line between TPK and a television monitor;

9 - current converter rectangular coordinates X _n, Y _n, H _n targets stabilized pointing angles UVN, ENT gun mount.

It should be noted that in the normal operation mode of the artillery complex, the gun mount barrel is oriented not in the direction of the target being tracked, but in the direction that ensures the artillery projectile hits the anticipated aiming point. Even if the anticipated aiming point coincides with the target (in the case of a fixed target), the direction of the gun mount barrel differs from the direction to the target by the magnitude of the aiming angle determined by the parameters of the external ballistics of the munition used. Because of this, when implementing the proposed method, the “direct aiming” system of the gun mount is used, as shown in FIG. 2, in which the ballistic computer 3 is replaced by a coordinate transformer 9. The rest of the gun mount guidance loop is operating normally.

When using the proposed method:

- insert into the barrel of the gun mount 5 (from the muzzle end) TPK 6, connected by a cable line 8 with a television monitor 7;

- capture a small target used as a control object for automatic tracking by a radar or OEC 1 deck post;

- switch the control system of the artillery complex to the “direct aiming” mode of the artillery system by replacing the ballistic computer 3 in the guidance circuit of the artillery system with a coordinate converter 9;

- observing the image of the target being followed on the screen of the television monitor 7 against the background of the angle-measuring grid, the presence of its systematic displacement relative to the center of the grid is detected and the quantitative values of its components are determined vertically and horizontally;

- then return the control system and gun mount to the standard (combat) mode of operation and enter the measured values of the systematic error of aiming in ballistic computer 3 to generate compensating corrections in PUVN, PUGN when firing artillery complex at real targets.

Note. It should be noted the obvious technical feasibility of automating the operations of measuring the displacement of the control object relative to the center of the field of view of the TPK 6, isolating the constant component of the displacement, decomposing it into horizontal and vertical components, and entering their values in the ballistic computer 3.

The technical and economic effect of the proposed method for increasing the accuracy of shooting is due to the possibility of its use in artillery complexes with both a radar and an optoelectronic target tracking station both during parking and during a ship’s campaign, without tactical restrictions and without ammunition consumption sighting of the air rapper to identify systematic errors of aiming.

Literature

1. Yu.A. Zhuravsky, N.S. Medvedev. Memo to a young naval artillery officer. Moscow, Military Publishing, 1982

2. V.Ya. Lebedev. Handbook of ground artillery officer. Moscow, Military Publishing, 1977

Claims (1)

A method for detecting and compensating for an aiming error in a ship’s artillery complex, characterized in that a television transmitting camera (TPK) is previously inserted into the barrel of the artillery mount, connected via a cable line to a television monitor with an angle measuring grid, the small target is captured for automatic tracking by the control system, transferred control system of the artillery installation in direct-fire mode, in which the axis of its barrel is automatically sent to the target expected by the control system, observe the image of the target being followed on the TV monitor screen associated with the TPK, and detect the presence of the target image offset relative to the center of the angle grid, with which the average deviations of the target image horizontally and vertically are determined, the TPK is removed from the barrel of the artillery installation and return the control system and artillery installation to the normal mode of operation, enter the measured mean values of the deviations in the ballistic computer to work out compensating corrections in the angles of guidance of the artillery mount and thereby eliminate the systematic error of aiming in the artillery complex.

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