JP7204544B2 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7204544B2 JP7204544B2 JP2019047307A JP2019047307A JP7204544B2 JP 7204544 B2 JP7204544 B2 JP 7204544B2 JP 2019047307 A JP2019047307 A JP 2019047307A JP 2019047307 A JP2019047307 A JP 2019047307A JP 7204544 B2 JP7204544 B2 JP 7204544B2
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 178
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
図面は模式的または概念的なものであり、各部分の厚みと幅との関係、部分間の大きさの比率などは、必ずしも現実のものと同一とは限らない。同じ部分を表す場合であっても、図面により互いの寸法や比率が異なって表される場合もある。
本願明細書と各図において、既に説明したものと同様の要素には同一の符号を付して詳細な説明は適宜省略する。
以下の説明及び図面において、n+、n、n-及びp+、pの表記は、不純物濃度の相対的な高低を表す。すなわち、「+」が付されている表記は、「+」及び「-」のいずれも付されていない表記よりも不純物濃度が相対的に高く、「-」が付されている表記は、いずれも付されていない表記よりも不純物濃度が相対的に低いことを示す。これらの表記は、それぞれの領域にp形不純物とn形不純物の両方が含まれている場合には、それらの不純物が補償しあった後の正味の不純物濃度の相対的な高低を表す。
以下で説明する各実施形態について、各半導体領域のp形とn形を反転させて各実施形態を実施してもよい。
図2は、図1のII-II断面を含む斜視断面図である。
図3は、図1のIII-III断面図である。
図4は、図1のIV-IV断面図である。
図5は、図4のV-V断面図である。
図6は、図4のVI-VI断面図である。
なお、図2では、絶縁層13、エミッタ電極22、及び配線部23aが省略されている。図6では、ゲート絶縁層11が省略されている。
各セル領域CRは、複数のn+形カソード領域1、p+形コレクタ領域2の一部、n-形ドリフト領域3の一部、複数のp形ベース領域4、複数のn+形エミッタ領域5、n形バッファ領域7の一部、複数のゲート電極10、及び1つのエミッタ電極22を含む。
図7は、実施形態に係る半導体装置を説明するための平面図である。
図7(a)~図7(c)は、図4のV-V断面図に対応する。p+形フィンガー領域6の下に位置するp+形コレクタ領域2の一部を、領域R1とする。p形ベース領域4の下に位置するp+形コレクタ領域2の別の一部を、領域R2とする。図7(a)では、領域R1のみがドットを付して表され、他の部分は破線で表されている。図7(b)では、領域R2のみがドットを付して表され、他の部分は破線で表されている。図7(c)では、p形ベース領域4の下に位置するn+形カソード領域1のみがドットを付して表され、他の部分は破線で表されている。
エミッタ電極22に対してコレクタ電極21に正の電圧が印加された状態で、ゲート電極10に閾値以上の電圧が印加される。これにより、p形ベース領域4にチャネル(反転層)が形成され、セル領域CRにおいてIGBT動作が開始される。電子は、エミッタ電極22からn+形エミッタ領域5及びチャネルを通ってn-形ドリフト領域3へ流れる。正孔は、コレクタ電極21からp+形コレクタ領域2を通ってn-形ドリフト領域3へ流れる。その後、ゲート電極10に印加される電圧が閾値よりも低くなると、p形ベース領域4におけるチャネルが消滅し、IGBT動作が終了する。
具体的には、トリガー領域2tの一部は、複数のセル領域CRの1つに設けられている。トリガー領域2tの一部は、複数のセル領域CRの前記1つにて、Y方向において複数のセル領域CRの前記1つが有する複数のn+形カソード領域1の一部と複数のn+形カソード領域1の別の一部との間に位置する。
トリガー領域2tの別の一部は、複数のセル領域CRの別の1つに設けられている。
複数のセル領域CRの前記別の1つは、複数のセル領域CRの前記1つとX方向において隣り合っている。トリガー領域2tの前記別の一部は、複数のセル領域CRの前記別の1つにて、Y方向において複数のセル領域CRの前記別の1つが有する複数のn+形カソード領域1の一部と複数のn+形カソード領域1の別の一部との間に位置する。
例えば、トリガー領域2tは、p+形コレクタ領域2のX方向及びY方向の中央部分に設けられる。トリガー領域2tには、n+形カソード領域1は設けられていない。トリガー領域2tのX方向における長さL3及びY方向における長さL4は、距離D1及びD2のそれぞれよりも長い。トリガー領域2tが設けられることで、IGBT動作が開始された際に、n-形ドリフト領域3への正孔の注入を早めることができる。
n+形カソード領域1、p+形コレクタ領域2、n-形ドリフト領域3、p形ベース領域4、n+形エミッタ領域5、p+形フィンガー領域6、n形バッファ領域7、及びp形ガードリング領域8は、半導体材料として、シリコン、炭化シリコン、窒化ガリウム、またはガリウムヒ素を含む。半導体材料としてシリコンが用いられる場合、n形不純物として、ヒ素、リン、またはアンチモンを用いることができる。p形不純物として、ボロンを用いることができる。
ゲート電極10は、ポリシリコンなどの導電材料を含む。
ゲート絶縁層11、絶縁層12、及び絶縁層13は、酸化シリコンなどの絶縁材料を含む。
コレクタ電極21、エミッタ電極22、及びゲートパッド23は、アルミニウムなどの金属を含む。
半導体装置100のダイオード動作が終了したとき、n-形ドリフト領域3に蓄積された正孔は、上述したように、p形ベース領域4及びp+形フィンガー領域6を通ってエミッタ電極22へ排出される。p+形フィンガー領域6におけるp形不純物濃度は、p形ベース領域4におけるp形不純物濃度よりも高い。このため、p+形フィンガー領域6には、セル領域CRのp形ベース領域4よりも多くの正孔が流れる。
エミッタ電極22は、セル領域CRの全面上に設けられているが、p+形フィンガー領域6の上には部分的にしか設けられていない。又は、エミッタ電極22は、p+形フィンガー領域6の上には設けられておらず、p+形フィンガー領域6はp形ベース領域4を介してエミッタ電極22と電気的に接続される。p+形フィンガー領域6の上には、配線部23aが設けられているためである。このため、p+形フィンガー領域6に流れた正孔は、エミッタ電極22へ排出され難く、p形ベース領域4に流れた正孔に比べて、エミッタ電極22へ排出されるまでの時間が長い。この結果、p+形フィンガー領域6における電位が上昇し、p+形フィンガー領域6近傍において半導体装置100の破壊が生じる可能性がある。例えば、p+形フィンガー領域6における電位が上昇し、p+形フィンガー領域6とゲート電極10との間で絶縁破壊が生じる。
図8は、実施形態の第1変形例に係る半導体装置を表す平面図である。
図8では、第1変形例に係る半導体装置110のn+形カソード領域1及びp+形コレクタ領域2を通るX-Y断面を表している。図8に表した半導体装置110では、X方向において隣り合うn+形カソード領域1同士の間の距離D1が、半導体装置100に比べて長い。例えば、距離D1は、n+形カソード領域1のX方向における長さL1よりも長い。
図9は、実施形態の第2変形例に係る半導体装置を表す平面図である。
図9では、第2変形例に係る半導体装置120のn+形カソード領域1及びp+形コレクタ領域2を通るX-Y断面を表している。図9に表した半導体装置120では、各セル領域CRにおいて、n+形カソード領域1がX方向及びY方向において複数設けられる。
図10は、実施形態の第3変形例に係る半導体装置の平面図である。
図11は、図10のXI-XI断面を含む斜視断面図である。
図12は、図11のXII-XII断面図である。
図13は、図11のXIII-XIII断面図である。
なお、図11では、エミッタ電極22及び配線部23a等が省略されている。
Claims (7)
- 第1電極と、
前記第1電極の上に設けられ、前記第1電極と電気的に接続された第1導電形の第1半導体領域と、
前記第1電極から前記第1半導体領域に向かう第1方向と交差する第1面に沿って前記第1半導体領域の周りに設けられ、前記第1電極と電気的に接続された第2導電形の第2半導体領域と、
前記第1半導体領域及び前記第2半導体領域の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体領域よりも低い第1導電形の不純物濃度を有する第1導電形の第3半導体領域と、
前記第3半導体領域の一部の上に設けられた第2導電形の第4半導体領域と、
前記第4半導体領域の上に選択的に設けられた第1導電形の第5半導体領域と、
前記第1方向に垂直な第2方向において、前記第3半導体領域の前記一部、前記第4半導体領域、及び前記第5半導体領域と、ゲート絶縁層を介して対向するゲート電極と、
前記第3半導体領域の別の一部の上に設けられ、前記第4半導体領域よりも高い第2導電形の不純物濃度を有する第2導電形の第6半導体領域と、
前記第4半導体領域及び前記第5半導体領域の上に設けられ、前記第4半導体領域、前記第5半導体領域、及び前記第6半導体領域と電気的に接続された第2電極と、
前記第6半導体領域の上に絶縁層を介して設けられ、前記第2電極から離れ、前記ゲート電極と電気的に接続された配線部と、
を備え、
前記第6半導体領域の下に位置する前記第2半導体領域の前記第1面に沿う面積に対する、前記第6半導体領域の下に位置する前記第1半導体領域の前記第1面に沿う面積の割合は、前記第4半導体領域の下に位置する前記第2半導体領域の前記第1面に沿う面積に対する、前記第4半導体領域の下に位置する前記第1半導体領域の前記第1面に沿う面積の割合よりも小さい、半導体装置。 - 前記第6半導体領域は、前記第1方向及び前記第2方向に垂直な第3方向において前記ゲート電極と並び、
前記第6半導体領域の下端は、前記ゲート電極の下端よりも下方に位置し、前記ゲート絶縁層を介して前記ゲート電極の前記第3方向における端部と前記第1方向において重なっている請求項1記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1半導体領域は、前記第6半導体領域の下には設けられていない請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第4半導体領域と前記ゲート電極は、前記第2方向において交互に設けられ、
複数の前記第4半導体領域のそれぞれの上に1つ以上前記第5半導体領域が選択的に設けられ、
前記第1半導体領域は、互いに離れて複数設けられ、
前記第6半導体領域の下に位置する前記第2半導体領域の前記第1面に沿う面積に対する、前記第6半導体領域の下に位置する前記複数の第1半導体領域の前記第1面に沿う面積の割合は、前記複数の第4半導体領域の下に位置する前記第2半導体領域の前記第1面に沿う面積に対する、前記複数の第4半導体領域の下に位置する前記複数の第1半導体領域の前記第1面に沿う面積の割合よりも小さい、請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第6半導体領域は、前記第1面に沿って、前記複数の第4半導体領域及び前記複数のゲート電極の周りに設けられた請求項4記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第2半導体領域の一部と前記第1半導体領域は、前記第1方向及び前記第2方向に垂直な第3方向において交互に設けられ、
複数の前記第1半導体領域のそれぞれは、前記第2方向に延伸している請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1半導体領域、前記第2半導体領域の一部、前記第3半導体領域の前記一部、前記第4半導体領域、前記第5半導体領域、及び前記第2電極を有するセル領域を備え、
複数の前記セル領域が、前記第1方向及び前記第2方向に垂直な第3方向において、互いに離れて設けられ、
前記複数のセル領域のそれぞれにおいて、複数の前記第1半導体領域が前記第2方向及び前記第3方向において互いに離れて設けられ、前記複数の第1半導体領域のそれぞれは前記第2方向に延伸し、
前記第2半導体領域は、トリガー領域を有し、
前記トリガー領域の一部は、前記複数のセル領域の1つに設けられ、前記第2方向において前記複数のセル領域の前記1つが有する前記複数の第1半導体領域の一部と前記複数の第1半導体領域の別の一部との間に位置し、
前記トリガー領域の別の一部は、前記複数のセル領域の前記1つと前記第3方向において隣り合う前記複数のセル領域の別の1つに設けられ、前記第2方向において前記複数のセル領域の前記別の1つが有する前記複数の第1半導体領域の一部と前記複数の第1半導体領域の別の一部との間に位置し、
前記トリガー領域の前記第2方向における長さ及び前記トリガー領域の前記第3方向における長さは、前記複数のセル領域の前記1つにおいて前記第3方向で隣り合う前記第1半導体領域同士の間の前記第3方向における距離よりも長い請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
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