JP4591977B2 - Vehicle forward / reverse switching device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vehicle forward / reverse switching device for switching between forward and reverse using a common shift drum.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An example of this is Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-55668. In this example, a forward spindle and a backward spindle are separately provided and operated. On the other hand, there are some which are operated by operating the reverse switching operation element. For example, in a reverse operation in a vehicle such as a four-wheel buggy equipped with an electric change system, the reverse selector lever is operated when the brake lever is gripped. There is a type that pushes the reverse execution button after pushing the shear pin for turning on and operating the reverse selector lever simultaneously with the brake lever to release the arm that suppresses the reverse rotation of the shift drum. In this way, the control motor does not operate even if the reverse execution button is pressed unless the reverse detection switch arranged at the base of the brake lever senses that the reverse selector lever has been reliably operated.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the reverse detection switch is disposed near the base of the brake lever, it must be protected from tree branches, mud from the preceding vehicle, pebbles and the like. Also, if the rubber cover is turned over, the reverse detection switch can be easily seen, so there is a risk that it will be mistakenly disassembled or tampered with. Furthermore, a wire is connected between the reverse detection switch and the rotation suppression arm of the shift drum, and it is determined that the arm is released by loosening the wire. When the shift drum is not unlocked, the reverse detection switch is turned on, and as a result, the control motor tries to switch to the reverse side, but the shift drum interferes with the arm and can shift. Disappear. The present invention aims to solve such problems.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a forward / reverse switching device for a vehicle according to the present invention is the reverse switching operation device in a forward / backward switching device for a power unit of a vehicle that requires unlocking of the reverse switching operation device when the vehicle moves backward. and reverse stopper member to lock the reverse side rotation of the shift drum, when the reverse stopper member unlocks the shift drum, and a switch actuating arm for detecting the unlocking of the reverse stopper member in the reverse detection switch, the Reverse stopper member, the shift drum and disposed parallel to, and a reverse stopper shaft supported on the case constituting the power unit, and a reverse stopper arm by the rotation of the reverse stopper shaft disengaging the cam groove of the shift drum With
While providing the reverse detection switch on the side of the case,
The switch operation arm and the reverse stopper arm are integrally provided on the reverse stopper shaft,
And the said switch action | operation arm was provided in the case side surface in which the said reverse detection switch was provided rather than the said reverse stopper arm.
[0005]
【The invention's effect】
Having placed the reverse detection switch in the vicinity of the reverse stopper member, it is possible to operate the reverse detection switch directly by the unlocking operation of the reverse stopper member. For this reason, it is not necessary to connect a wire between the reverse stopper member as in the conventional case, and the situation where the reverse side switching cannot be performed at the time of wire cutting does not occur. Further, since the reverse detection switch is attached to the engine case such as a crankcase, it is not easily disassembled or tampered with, and protection from tree branches, mud, stepping stones, etc. when traveling on rough terrain is facilitated.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment applied to a four-wheel buggy will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, the overall structure of a four-wheel buggy will be outlined with reference to FIG. This four-wheel buggy vehicle includes a pair of left and right front wheels 2 and rear wheels 3 in the front and rear of the body frame 1, and a power unit 4 that integrally includes an engine and a transmission is supported at the center of the body frame 1. . The power unit 4 is a vertically placed type in which the crankshaft 5 is arranged in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body.
[0007]
This four-wheel buggy is of a four-wheel drive type, and a front wheel 2 is driven via a front wheel propeller shaft 7 by an output shaft 6 provided in parallel to the crankshaft 5 at the lower part of the power unit 4, and a rear wheel propeller shaft. The rear wheel 3 is driven via 8.
[0008]
The front side of the crankcase 10 constituting the power unit 4 is covered with a front case cover 11, and the rear side is covered with a rear case cover 12, and these correspond to the engine case in the present application. Configures the power unit case. The crankcase 10 is further divided into a front case 10a and a rear case 10b. A cylinder block 13, a cylinder head 14, and a cylinder head cover 15 are attached to the upper part of the crankcase 10, and a carburetor 16 is connected to the intake port of the cylinder head 14. Further, an air cleaner is connected to the carburetor 16 from behind. 17 is connected. An exhaust pipe 18 is connected to the exhaust port of the cylinder head 14.
[0009]
An oil cooler 20 is disposed in front of the power unit 4 with its cooling surface directed in the traveling direction, communicates with an oil pump provided in the crankcase 10 via a feed-side hose 21, and passes through a return-side hose 22 to the crankcase. and through to 10. In the figure, reference numeral 23 is a cooling fan, 24 is a handle, 25 is a fuel tank, and 26 is a saddle type seat.
[0010]
FIG. 3 schematically shows a longitudinal section of the transmission mechanism portion of the power unit 4 which is cut in parallel by connecting the respective axes. Reference numeral 40 in the figure denotes a known centrifugal provided at one end of the crankshaft 5. A starting clutch comprising a clutch mechanism, 41 is an ACG provided on the other end side, 42 is a connecting rod, and 43 is a piston.
[0011]
The transmission 44 is a known always-mesh transmission, and includes a main shaft 45 and a counter shaft 46 that are arranged in parallel with the crankshaft 5. A transmission clutch 47 is provided at one end of the main shaft 45. The drive force transmitted is intermittently connected to the main shaft 45, and a large number of transmission gear trains 48 that are always meshed between the main shaft 45 and the counter shaft 46 are provided, and the speed change output is final drive provided at one end of the counter shaft 46. Output from the gear 49 to the final driven gear 50 on the output shaft 6 is made.
[0012]
This transmission 44 has a switching structure of five forward speeds and one reverse speed, and is shifted by an electric change mechanism. FIG. 4 shows the forward structure. In this figure, a first speed gear 51 and a second speed gear 52 are integrally formed on a main shaft 45, and a third speed gear 53 is formed on the outer periphery of a first shifter 56, and a fourth speed gear 54 and a fifth speed gear are formed. 55 is freely rotatable on the main shaft 45.
[0013]
The first shifter 56 is axially movable by spline coupling, and includes projections 57 and 58 constituting a dog clutch on both sides. The projection 57 engages with the projection 54a of the fourth speed gear 54, and the projection 58 is the fifth speed gear 55. The engagement hole 55a is engaged.
[0014]
On the counter shaft 46, a reverse gear 60, a first speed gear 61, a second speed gear 62, and a third speed gear 63 are supported so as to freely rotate, and a fourth speed gear 64 is formed on the outer periphery of the third shifter 70, The fifth speed gear 65 and the final drive gear 49 are fixed.
[0015]
A second shifter 66 is provided between the reverse gear 60 and the second speed gear 62 by a spline connection so as to freely move in the axial direction. Protrusions 67 and 68 at both ends thereof constitute dog clutches, and the protrusions 67 are the same as those of the second speed gear 62. engaging hole 62a and engaged, protrusion 68 is engaged with the engaging hole 60a of the reverse gear 60.
[0016]
The third shifter 70 is also movable in the axial direction by spline coupling, the projections 71 and 72 on both sides constitute a dog clutch, the projection 71 engages with the engagement hole 61a of the first speed gear 61, and the projection 72 is the third speed gear. 63 is engaged with 63a.
[0017]
Since the gears 60, 61, 62, 63, and 65 on the counter shaft 46 are always in mesh with the corresponding gears on the main shaft 45, if the third gear 70 is engaged with the first speed gear 61, Output from the final drive gear 49 at the first speed. Similarly, if the second shifter 66 is engaged with the second speed gear 62, it is output at the second speed, and if the third shifter 70 is engaged with the third speed gear 63, it is output at the third speed. .
[0018]
The 4th speed gear 64 and the 5th speed gear 65 that rotate integrally with the counter shaft 46 are switched by the first shifter 56, and when the first shifter 56 is engaged with the 4th speed gear 54, the 4th speed gear 64 is connected via the 4th speed gear 64. When the first shifter 56 is engaged with the fifth speed gear 55, the fifth speed is output via the fifth speed gear 65 .
[0019]
The reverse gear 60 meshes with the reverse idle small gear 75 as is apparent from FIG. 5 showing the reverse side structure. The reverse idle small gear 75 is supported on an idle shaft 76 parallel to the main shaft 45 and the counter shaft 46, and is a concentric gear integrated with a reverse idle large gear 77 that meshes with the second gear 52.
[0020]
Therefore, the reverse gear 60 is always rotating in reverse with the other gear on the counter shaft 46, and by engaging the second shifter 66 with the reverse gear 60, the counter shaft 46 is rotated in reverse, so that the final drive gear is rotated. The reverse rotation is output from 49 to the final driven gear 50.
[0021]
FIG. 1 shows a shift switching mechanism, in which a shift drum 80 rotates by electrically driving a change mechanism 81, and a shift quark (not shown) having one end engaged with a cam groove 82 corresponds to a shifter (56, 66). , 70) are shifted or shifted in the axial direction.
[0022]
In the change mechanism 81, a control motor (not shown) is driven backward only when a predetermined condition is met, and the shift drum 80 is rotated backward to perform the switching by the second shifter 66. However, in a state in which this condition is not met, the reverse stopper arm 83 is engaged with the reverse cam groove 84 of the shift drum 80 to prevent the reverse rotation of the shift drum 80.
[0023]
One end of the reverse stopper arm 83 is welded to a reverse stopper shaft 85 parallel to the shift drum 80, and the reverse stopper shaft 85 is supported at one end by a boss portion 86 formed in a part of the rear case 10b and at the other end. It protrudes outward from the case cover 12 and is rotatably supported, and is urged to rotate in the direction in which the reverse stopper arm 83 is fitted into the reverse cam groove 84 by a coil spring 87.
[0024]
A reverse stopper lever 88 is attached to the other end of the reverse stopper shaft 85 outside the rear case cover 12, and a wire 89 is connected between this and a reverse select lever (not shown). The reverse select lever is a reverse intention confirmation member provided in the vicinity of the handle lever of the handle 24 and is operated by pushing the shear pin. The reverse stopper arm 83 is made to escape from the reverse cam groove 84 by rotating.
[0025]
One end of a switch operating arm 90 is integrally attached to the reverse stopper shaft 85 separately from the reverse stopper arm 83, and the contact 91 at the other end projects into the rotation locus as the reverse stopper shaft 85 rotates. The reverse detection switch 92 is turned on and off by moving the push rod 93 of the reverse detection switch 92 forward and backward. That is, when the reverse stopper arm 83 is fitted in the reverse cam groove 84, the contact 91 releases the push rod 93, and the push rod 93 projects from the reverse detection switch 92 and is switched off. The reverse stopper arm 83 and the reverse stopper shaft 85 correspond to the reverse switching operation element and the reverse stopper member in the present invention.
[0026]
When the reverse stopper arm 83 rotates and disengages from the reverse cam groove 84, the switch operating arm 90 also rotates integrally with the reverse stopper arm 83 and the reverse stopper shaft 85 and protrudes into the rotation locus. The reverse detection switch 92 is turned on by touching 93 and being pushed into the reverse detection switch 92, and a reverse stopper release signal is input to a control unit (not shown) of the electric change mechanism.
[0027]
The reverse detection switch 92 is screwed onto a boss 94 formed on the rear case cover 12 and uses the same neutral switch used in a motorcycle. However, it is optional to provide a separate dedicated switch, and can be also freely to the push rod 93 back and forth and on-off relationship of the reverse detection switch 92 of the reverse.
[0028]
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the shift drum 80 from the axial direction, and the reverse cam groove 84 is a substantially circular arc groove on the entire circumference of the shift drum 80, but there is a portion that is not formed at the end in the circumferential direction. There has been no stopper over the stepped portion 95. The tip 96 of the reverse stopper lever 88 is urged in a direction to fit into the reverse cam groove 84 to allow the shift drum 80 to rotate in the forward direction (the direction indicated by the arrow F), and in the reverse direction (the arrow R). If you try to reverse rotation to indicate direction) abutted against the stopper over the stepped portion 95 to prevent it.
[0029]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. When switching to reverse, hold the handle brake lever and push the shear pin to activate the reverse select lever. As a result, the reverse stopper shaft 85 rotates against the urging force of the coil spring 87 via the wire 89 and causes the reverse stopper arm 83 to escape from the reverse cam groove 84. At the same time, the switch operating arm 90 rotates integrally with the reverse stopper shaft 85 and the contact 91 pushes the push rod 93 to turn on the reverse detection switch 92 and output a reverse stopper release signal to the controller of the electric change mechanism. To do.
[0030]
The control unit of the electric change mechanism operates on the condition that the reverse stopper release signal is input, and then the occupant presses the reverse execution button to operate the control motor and drive the shift drum 80 to the reverse side via the change mechanism. Switch the shift to the reverse side.
[0031]
Thus, since the reverse detection switch 92 is disposed in the vicinity of the reverse stopper shaft 85 and the like constituting the reverse stopper member, the reverse detection switch 92 can be directly operated by the switch operating arm 90 by the unlocking operation of the reverse stopper shaft 85. Can do. For this reason, there is no need to connect a wire between the reverse stopper member and the reverse detection switch 92 as in the prior art, and there is no situation in which the reverse side cannot be switched at the time of wire cutting, and the shift drum 80 and the reverse stopper member There is no loss of durability. In addition, since the rear case cover 12 is installed at the reverse detection switch 92, it is difficult to be seen by passengers and the like, and it is difficult to be disassembled or tampered with. In addition, protection against tree branches, mud from the preceding vehicle, pebbles, and the like associated with traveling on rough terrain is facilitated, and high reliability can be ensured. Further, even if the wire 89 provided between the selector lever and the reverse stopper shaft 85 is cut, the reverse detection switch 92 is not turned on. In addition, since the neutral switch used for turning on the neutral lamp as the reverse detection switch 92 and having many mass production results is used, high reliability and low cost are achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a reverse stopper mechanism. FIG. 2 is a side view of a main part of a vehicle body of a four-wheel buggy to which the present embodiment is applied. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the power unit. Side cross-sectional view [Fig. 5] Backward-side cross-sectional view [Fig. 6] Diagram showing the shift drum from the axial direction
4: power unit, 5: crankshaft, 10: crankcase, 12: rear case cover, 44: transmission, 45: main shaft, 46: countershaft, 80: shift drum, 83: reverse stopper arm, 85: reverse stopper Shaft, 90: Switch operating arm, 92: Reverse detection switch

Claims (3)

In a forward / reverse switching device for a power unit of a vehicle that requires unlocking of a reverse switching operation element when the vehicle moves backward, a reverse stopper member that is the reverse switching operation element and locks the reverse rotation of the shift drum, and the reverse stopper A switch actuating arm that causes the reverse detection switch to detect unlocking of the reverse stopper member when the member unlocks the shift drum;
The reverse stopper member, the shift drum and arranged in parallel, the reverse stopper arm disengaging the reverse stopper shaft supported on the case constituting the power unit, the cam groove of the shift drum by the rotation of the reverse stopper shaft And
While providing the reverse detection switch on the side of the case,
The switch operation arm and the reverse stopper arm are integrally provided on the reverse stopper shaft,
A forward / reverse switching device for a vehicle, wherein the switch operating arm is provided on a side surface of the case where the reverse detection switch is provided with respect to the reverse stopper arm. 2. The vehicle forward / reverse switching device according to claim 1, wherein the reverse detection switch is disposed between the reverse stopper shaft and the shift drum when the shift drum is viewed from the axial direction. The power unit includes an engine and a transmission, and is a vertically mounted type in which a crankshaft is disposed in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body, and the reverse detection switch is installed on a rear case cover of the power unit. A forward / reverse switching device for a vehicle according to claim 1.

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