JP2017501130A - 改変された高親和性ヒトt細胞受容体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国特許法第119条(e)の規定の下、2013年11月22日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/907,887号の利益を主張するものであり、この仮出願はその全体が参照により本明細書に援用される。
本開示は、国立衛生研究所により授与された認可番号第R01GM55767号及び第T32GM070421号の下に米国政府支援によりなされた。米国政府は、本開示において特定の権利を有する。
配列リストに関する記載
WT1は、国立癌研究所による上位75個の癌抗原の先順位付けリストの第1位となっている(Cheever et al.(2009)Clin Cancer Res,15,5323−5337)。したがって、例えば、この癌抗原を特異的に標的とする治療剤などの薬剤を特定する必要が存在する。本発明は、例えば、インビボでの標的とされた送達のための可溶性形態で、または養子T細胞設定においてT細胞内へ導入される遺伝子として使用され得る、インビトロで改変された、より高い親和性のTCRを提供する。
配列番号1は、WT1/HLA−A2に結合するTCR(P22)の野生型Vβ領域のアミノ酸配列である。
T細胞受容体
修飾されたT細胞受容体
WT1/HLA−A2に結合する高親和性TCR
生物学的に活性な基を含む本明細書に説明されるVβVα TCRタンパク質も、提供される。本明細書で使用するとき、「生物学的に活性な基」は、生物学的システムにおいて測定可能または検出可能な効果を引き起こす基である。一実施形態では、生物学的に活性な基は、以下から選択される:抗腫瘍剤、例えば、限定されるものではないが、血管形成阻害剤、酵素阻害剤、微小管阻害剤、DNA挿入剤もしくは架橋剤、DNA合成阻害剤など、サイトカイン、例えば、限定されるものではないが、IL−2、IL−15、GM−CSF、IL−12、TNF−α、IFN−γ、もしくはLT−α(Schrama et al.(2006)Nat Rev Drug Discov,5,147−59、Wong et al.(2011)Protein Eng Des Sel,24,373−83)、抗炎症基、例えば、限定されるものではないが、TGF−β、IL−37、IL−10(Nold et al.(2010)Nat Immunol,11,1014−22、Stone et al.(2012)Protein Engineering)、放射性同位体、例えば、限定されるものではないが、90Yもしくは131Iなど(Reichert and Valge−Archer(2007)Nat Rev Drug Discov,6,349−56)、毒素、例えば、限定されるものではないが、緑膿菌外毒素A、ジフテリア毒素、もしくはリシンのA鎖(Pastan et al.(2006)Nat Rev Cancer,6,559−65、Schrama et al.(2006)Nat Rev Drug Discov,5,147−59)、薬物、または例えば、1本鎖Fvなどの抗体。
修飾されたTCRポリペプチド及びポリヌクレオチド
薬学的組成物及び治療剤
治療法
ペプチド/HLA−A2抗原に対するより高い親和性のためのTCRの改変
改善された親和性及び安定性のための1本鎖TCRの発見または発生のために使用される一般的な戦略が、図3に示される。このプロセスは、例証される通り6つのステップに関与する。
Tax:HLA.A2との複合体におけるVα2を使用するヒトTCR A6の分析
TCRはすべて、類似のIg折り畳み及び結合角度を採用し、pepMHCのTCR認識は、CDRループ上の特異性残基によって完全に媒介される(Garcia et al.(2009)Nat Immunol,10,143−7、Marrack et al.(2008)Annu Rev Immunol,26,171−203、Rudolph et al.(2006)Annu Rev Immunol,24,419−66))。WT1 TCRの結晶構造は本開示の時点で利用可能ではないが、WT1 P22 TCRの同一のVα2ドメインを使用したA6:Taxペプチド:HLA−A2複合体(PDB:1AO7)の構造(Garboczi et al.(1996)Nature,384,134−141)が示される。複合体の側面図は、6つのCDRを含有する可変ドメインの末端が、結合部位の中心領域がペプチドTax上に位置付けられた状態でTax:HLA.A2分子上に結合することを示した(図2A)。結晶構造は定常領域αを含まないが、但し、定常領域は全長構築物を安定化させるのに役立つ。上記に説明されるステップ2において選択される安定化突然変異は、フレームワーク領域内で、例えば、Vα/Vβ接触面、または全長TCR内でCα/VαもしくはCβ/Vβ接触面の接合が生じる場所などで選択されることが多い。
WT1 TCRの酵母ディスプレイ
改善された安定性(ステップ2)または改善された親和性(ステップ5)に関する選択を実施するために、TCR突然変異体のライブラリが立体構造エピトープまたはペプチド:MHCリガンドをそれぞれ認識する抗体に結合するためにスクリーニングされ得るディスプレイシステムを使用することが必要である。3つのディスプレイシステムが、より高い親和性に関してTCRを改変するために使用されており、また酵母ディスプレイ、ファージディスプレイ、及びT細胞(哺乳動物細胞)ディスプレイのプロセスのために使用することができた。リボソーム、RNA、DNA、及びCISディスプレイなどの代替的なディスプレイ方法も、このプロセスに好適であり得る。これらのすべての場合において、抗原に対して低い親和性を有する野生型TCRがシステム中にクローン化され、強化された安定性及びペプチド:MHCリガンドに対する親和性を有するTCRを改変するためのテンプレートとして使用された。これらのシステムのいずれも、単一のTCRがライブラリ及び強化された結合特性を有するTCRの選択のためのテンプレートとして使用される、本明細書に説明されるアプローチに適用することができた。
安定化させたWT1 TCR、WT1−D13の変異性のライブラリの構築及び選択
P22と呼ばれるWT1反応性細胞株をテンプレートとして利用して、WT1変異性のライブラリをこれまでに説明されている通りに発生させた(Richman et al.(2009)Methods Mol Biol 504,323−350)。したがって、線状pCT302ベクター、WT1変異性PCR生成物、及び免疫適格EBY100酵母細胞を組み合併せることによって、ヒトWT1変異性scTCRライブラリを酵母ディスプレイベクター内へ導入した。約2.3×107個の独立クローンを含有する結果として得られたライブラリを、電気穿孔法後の酵母の限界希釈アリコートをプレーティングすることによって判断した。ライブラリを、表1に従うFACSによって、ヒトhVβ3、抗hVβ3.1 FITC IgG(Thermo Scientific)、及び抗hVβ3 FITC IgM(Beckman Coulter)を認識する2つの抗体に結合するために選択した。
CDR1αライブラリ構築、及びWT1:HLA.A2、WT1.1に対する強化された結合を有するWT1 TCRの選択
重複伸長によるスプライシング(SOE)によって、変異性のPCRライブラリの選択から単離した安定化WT1−D13クローンを、4個の隣接する残基にわたるCDR1αライブラリの発生のためのテンプレートとして使用した(Horton et al.(1990)Biotechniques,8,528−535)。したがって、線状pCT302ベクター、WT1−D13 CDR1αライブラリPCR生成物、及び免疫適格EBY100酵母細胞を組み合わせることによって、ヒトWT1−D13 CDR1Α α scTCRライブラリを酵母ディスプレイベクター内へ導入した。約3.1×106個の独立クローンを含有する結果として得られたライブラリを、電気穿孔法後の酵母の限界希釈アリコートをプレーティングすることによって判断した。WT1−D13 CDR1αライブラリを、表2に従ってWT1(RMFPNAPYL、配列番号6)/HLA.A2/Ig ダイマー(BD DimerX)への結合に関してFACSソートした。
CDR3ライブラリ構築、及びWT1:HLA.A2、WT1.1.1へのさらに強化された結合を有するWT1 TCRの選択
WT1 scTCRの親和し得をさらに改善するために、WT1−D13 CDR1αライブラリから単離したWT1−D13.1クローンをテンプレートとして使用して、CDR3ライブラリを発生させた。各CDR3中に5個の隣接するコドンにわたる縮重コドンを同時に作製する重複伸長によるスプライシング(SOE)PCRによって、WT1−D13.1 CDR3ライブラリを発生さた。したがって、線状pCT302ベクター、WT1−D13.1 CDR3 PCR生成物(即ち、CDR3α1、CDR3α2、CDR3β1、またはCDR3β2ライブラリ)、及び免疫適格EBY100酵母細胞を組み合わせることによって、各WT1−D13.1 CDR3ライブラリを酵母ディスプレイベクター内へ導入した。4つの結果として得られたライブラリをプールし、結果として得られた組み合わせられたライブラリは、電気穿孔法後の酵母の限界希釈アリコートをプレーティングすることによって判定するときに、約3.5×106個の独立クローンを含有した。WT1−D13 CDR3を組み合わせたライブラリを、WT1(RMFPNAPYL、配列番号6)/HLA.A2/Igダイマー(BD DimerX)への結合に関して表3のチャートに従ってFACSソートした。
高親和性WT1 TCR、WT1−D13.1.1の結合分析
CDR3ライブラリの選択から単離したWT1−D13.1.1クローンの結合を評定するために、WT1−D13.1.1をディスプレイする酵母を、大腸菌から発現及び精製したWT1(RMFPNAPYL、配列番号6)/HLA.A2ダイマーHLA−A2−Ig)及びモノマーで滴定した。WT−1/A2ダイマーは160pM〜500nMで分析し(図8A)、モノマーは6.4nM〜4μMで分析した(図8B)。次に、酵母細胞を洗浄し、フローサイトメトリーによって分析した。平均蛍光強度(MFI)を、WT−1/HLA−A2複合体の濃度に対して各ヒストグラムに関してプロットした。非線形回帰分析を使用して値を正規化し、ディマー(dimmer)及びモノマーに関して、25nM及び240nMのKD,app値をそれぞれ決定した(図8C及び8D)。したがって、WT1−D13.1.1はナノモル親和性を示した。
可溶性高親和性WT1 TCR、WT1−D13.1.1の結合分析
WT1−D13.1.1 scTvが高い親和性でWT1/HLA−A2に特異的に結合することをさらに示すために、可溶性形態のWT1−D13.1.1 scTvを、大腸菌封入体及びC末端BirAタグを介したビオチン化から発現させ、再折り畳みした(Aggen et al.(2011)Protein Engineering,Design,&Selection,24,361−72、Zhang et al.(2007)J Exp Med,204,49−55)。ヒト細胞株T2(HLA−A2+)を、1μMのTax、MART−1、またはWT1ペプチドと共に定温放置し、洗浄した。ペプチドを事前添加していないT2細胞(図9A)、または陰性ペプチドTaxを事前添加したT2細胞(4nM〜1μM)(図9B)、ヌルペプチドMART−1を事前添加したT2細胞(4nM〜1μM)(図9C)、WT1を事前添加したT2細胞(4nM〜1μM)(図9D)上で滴定した。細胞を洗浄し、SA−PEと共に定温放置し、フローサイトメトリーによって分析した。WT1ペプチドを添加した細胞のみがWT1−D13.1.1TCRによって結合され(図9A〜D)、可溶性TCRはWT1に対して特異的であることを示した。WT1滴定のTCR濃度に対するMFIのプロットの非線形回帰は、可溶性TCRが260nMの最小KD値を示すことを示した(図9E)。
WT1抗原に対する改善された親和性に関する単離されたTCRの配列分析
WT1特異性(P22、D13、D13.1、D13.0.1、及びD13.1.1)1本鎖TCRの配列が、単離したプラスミドから決定され、図1に示される。P22、D13、D13.1、D13.0.1、及びD13.1.1のVβ鎖のアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ、配列番号1、21、21、3、及び3に記載され、P22、D13、D13.1、D13.0.1、及びD13.1.1のVα鎖のアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ、配列番号2、22、4、2、及び4に記載される。D13.0.1は、最終的な親和性成熟scTCR D13.1.1(配列番号5)からCDR1α突然変異体を除去することによって構築されたことに留意されたい。図1の下線付きのアミノ酸位置は、安定化突然変異のための変異性ライブラリ選択から生じた突然変異を示す。ボックス内のアミノ酸位置は、CDRライブラリから選択された親和性強化突然変異体を示す。
CD8及びCD4 T細胞におけるWT1−P22、WT1−D13.1、WT1−D13.0.1、及びWT1−D13.1.1TCRのインビトロ活性
T細胞における異なるWT1特異性TCRの活性を評定するために、CD8(図10A)及びCD4(図10B)を、AAD遺伝子組み換えマウスから単離した(これらは、HLA−A2のα1及びα2ドメインならびにマウスDbのα3ドメインからなるハイブリッドクラスI遺伝子を有するマウスであり、これらのAADマウスは、Jackson Laboratoriesから入手可能である)。抗CD3及び抗CD28抗体に結合したビーズを用いて細胞を活性化させ、次に、Chervin et al,(2013)Gene Ther.20(6):634−44に説明される通り、WT1−P22、WT1−D13.1、WT1−D13.0.1、及びWT1−D13.1.1 TCRを形質導入した(配列は、D13安定化突然変異、Vβ F48S、及びD51Gを含有しなかった)。T細胞を、AADマウスに由来する脾細胞のコンカナバリン(Concanavilin)A刺激によって調製した異なる濃度のペプチドWT1及びAAD芽細胞と共に定温放置した。24時間の定温放置後、ELISAを使用してIFN−γ濃度に関して上清を分析した。CD8 T細胞は、D13.0.1及びD13.1.1 TCRによって最も高い活性を示した(図10A)。CD4 T細胞は、D13.1.1 TCRによってのみ活性化され、D13.1.1はCD8とは独立に活性を媒介し得ることを示している(図10B)。MART1などの他のHLA−A2結合ペプチドとの反応性は観察されなかった。
CD8 T細胞中のWT1−D13.1.1 TCRは、WT1に構造的に類似したヒトペプチドと反応性ではない
高親和性WT1−D13.1.1 TCRの特異性をさらに決定するために、WT1ペプチドに構造的に類似したペプチドによるインビトロ活性を評定した。WT1ペプチドに構造的に類似したペプチドに関して、WT1の9個の残基における保存的突然変異に基づいてプロテオーム探索を実施した。次に、予測アルゴリズムを介してHLA−A2に対する結合能力に関してヒトプロテオーム中に存在するペプチドにアクセスした。最も高い親和性でHLA−A2に結合すると予測された10個のペプチド(図11)を合成し、高親和性WT1−D13.1.1 TCRを形質導入した活性化されたCD8 T細胞に対する能力に関して試験した。これらのペプチドのいずれも活性を示さず、このTCRは、これらの10個の構造的に類似したペプチドと共に提示されるときに特異性を維持することを示唆している。
WT1、WT1−D13.1、及びWT1−D13.1.1 TCRの治療的フォーマット
より高い親和性のTCRは、対応する抗原を発現する細胞を標的とするために種々のフォーマットにおいて使用され得ることは、現在よく知られている。したがって、上記に示される改変戦略から発生されるTCRは、図12に例証される通り、可溶性形態で、または養子T細胞療法のためのTCR遺伝子療法においてのいずれかで使用され得ることは、明らかである。
抗体、ペプチド:HLA−A2、MACS、及びフローサイトメトリー試薬
酵母表面発現を検出するために使用される抗体としては、抗HAエピトープタグ(クローン HA.11、Covance)、抗hVβ3 FITC抗体(Clone CH92、Beckman−Coulter)、抗hVβ3.1 FITC抗体(Clone 8F10、Thermo Scientific)、抗hVβ20抗体(Clone ELL1.4、Beckman−Coulter)、我々の実験室で発生された抗Vα2モノクローナル抗体(データは示されていない)、ヤギ抗マウスIgM APC(Life Technologies)、ヤギ抗マウスIgG F(ab’)2AlexaFluor(登録商標)647二次抗体(Invitrogen)、ストレプトアビジン−フィコエリトリン(SA:PE、BD Pharmingen)、及びMACSマイクロビーズ(Miltenyl Biotec)が挙げられる。
TCR可変領域断片(scTv)を、Trp培地中の増殖を可能にするガラクトース誘導性AGA2融合体を含有する酵母ディスプレイプラスミドpCT302(Vβ−L−Vα)中で発現させた(Boder and Wittrup(2000)Methods Enzymol,328,430−444)。scTv遺伝子の誘導は、形質転換されたEBY100酵母細胞の選択媒体中での定常期への増殖、続いてガラクトース含有培地への移入に関与する。テンプレートWT1 1本鎖TCR遺伝子を、構築物のVα2ドメイン中にF49S突然変異を有する状態でGenscript(Piscataway,NJ,USA)によって合成した(Aggen et al.(2011)Protein Eng Des Sel,24,361−372)。
変異性のPCRを使用して、これまでに説明されている通りに無作為突然変異を発生させた(Richman et al.(2009)Mol Immunol,46,902−916)。同時に4〜5個の隣接するコドンにわたる重複伸長によるスプライシング(SOE)PCRによって、CDR1及び3ライブラリを発生させた(Horton et al.(1990)Biotechniques,8,528−535)。
選択の後、限界希釈物をプレーティングすることによってライブラリクローンを単離した。コロニーを増殖させ、ガラクトース含有培地(SG−CAA)内に48時間誘導し、1mLの1%PBS/BSAで洗浄し、種々の濃度のペプチド/HLA.A2 DimerX、ヤギ抗マウスIgG F(ab’)2AlexaFluor(登録商標)647二次抗体、または種々の濃度のUV交換ペプチド/HLA.A2、SA−PEを用いて染色した。細胞を洗浄し(1ml、1%PBS/BSA)、Accuri C6フローサイトメータで分析した。
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米国特許
第7,569,357号、2004年2月20日出願、2009年8月4日発行、Board of Trustees University of Illinois.High affinity TCR proteins and methods.
第7,465,787号、2003年12月16日出願、2008年12月16日発行、Board of Trustees University of Illinois.Yeast cell surface display of proteins and uses therof.
第6,759,243号、2000年12月6日出願、20047月6日発行、Board of Trustees University of Illinois.High affinity TCR proteins and methods.
第6,699,658号、1998年1月20日出願、2004年3月2日発行、Board of Trustees University of Illinois.Yeast cell surface display of proteins and uses therof.
第6,696,251号、2000年11月28日出願、2004年2月24日発行、Board of Trustees University of Illinois.Yeast cell surface display of proteins and uses therof.
第6,423,538号、2000年11月28日出願、2002年7月23日発行、Board of Trustees University of Illinois.Yeast cell surface display of proteins and uses therof.
第6,300,065号、1998年8月26日出願、2001年10月9日発行、Board of Trustees University of Illinois.Yeast cell surface display of proteins and uses therof.
第8,143,376号、2005年5月18日出願、2012年3月27日発行、Immunocore Limited;High affinity NY−ESO T cell receptor.
第8,088,379号、2007年9月26日出願、2012年1月3日発行、Immunocore Limited;Modified T cell receptors and related materials and methods.
第8,017,730号、2006年5月19日出願、2011年9月13日発行、Immunocore Limited;T cell receptors which bind to VYGFVRACL−HLA−A24.
第7,763,718号、2007年10月29日出願、2010年7月27日発行、Immunocore Limited;Soluble T cell receptors.
第7,666,604号、2003年7月9日出願、2010年2月23日発行、Immunocore Limited;Modified soluble T cell receptor.
第7,608,410号、2008年10月7日出願、2009年10月27日発行、Immunocore Limited;Method of improving T cell receptors.uble T cell receptors.
第7,569,664号、2003年10月3日出願、2009年8月4日発行、Immunocore Limited;Single chain recombinant T cell receptors.
第8,105,830号、2002年11月5日出願、2012年1月31日発行、Altor Bioscience Corporation;Polyspecific binding molecules and uses therof.
第6,534,633号、1999年10月21日出願、2003年3月18日、Altor Bioscience Corporation;Polyspecific binding molecules and uses therof.
Claims (15)
- T細胞クローンに由来するVα及びVβを含むT細胞受容体、またはその抗原結合断片であって、前記T細胞受容体は、ペプチドWT1及びHLA−A2分子の複合体に結合し、前記T細胞受容体は、配列番号1に記載されるVβアミノ酸配列及び配列番号2に記載されるVαアミノ酸配列を含む、前記T細胞受容体。
- 請求項1に記載の前記T細胞受容体を発現する、宿主細胞。
- 前記細胞は、ヒトT細胞である、請求項2に記載の前記宿主細胞。
- 野生型T細胞受容体に由来するVα及びVβを含む修飾されたT細胞受容体、またはその抗原結合断片であって、前記Vαまたは前記Vβ、またはその両方は、前記野生型T細胞受容体に関して1つ以上の相補性決定領域(CDR)内に突然変異を含み、前記修飾されたT細胞受容体は、ペプチドWT1及びHLA−A2分子の複合体に前記野生型T細胞受容体よりも高い親和性で結合する、前記修飾されたT細胞受容体。
- 前記修飾されたT細胞受容体は、配列番号3に記載されるVβアミノ酸配列及び配列番号4に記載されるVαアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項4に記載の前記修飾されたT細胞受容体。
- 前記修飾されたT細胞受容体は、配列番号5に記載されるアミノ酸配列を有する1本鎖T細胞受容体を含む、請求項4に記載の前記修飾されたT細胞受容体。
- 配列番号4に記載される前記Vαアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも80%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む修飾されたVα、及び配列番号3に記載される前記Vβアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも80%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む修飾されたVβを含む、請求項4に記載の前記修飾されたT細胞受容体。
- 前記修飾されたT細胞受容体は、CDR1α29、CDR1α30、CDR1α31、CDR3β95、CDR3β97、CDR3β103、及びCDR3β104のうちの1つ以上におけるアミノ酸置換を含む、請求項4に記載の前記修飾されたT細胞受容体。
- 前記修飾されたT細胞受容体は、以下のアミノ酸突然変異:TCR Vβ鎖突然変異S95T、S97N、I103Y、及びN104L、ならびにTCR Vα鎖突然変異V29D、S30L、及びQ31G、のうちの1つ以上を含む、請求項4に記載の前記修飾されたT細胞受容体。
- 前記ペプチドWT1及び前記HLA−A2分子の複合体にナノモルまたはより高い親和性で結合する請求項4に記載の修飾されたT細胞受容体であって、前記修飾されたT細胞受容体は、10−6M以下のKD値で前記複合体に結合する、請求項4に記載の前記修飾されたT細胞受容体。
- 可溶性形態である、請求項4に記載の修飾されたT細胞受容体。
- 前記WT1抗原を発現する癌細胞を標的とする治療剤であって、請求項10に記載の前記修飾されたT細胞受容体を含む、前記治療剤。
- 前記WT1抗原を発現する癌細胞を標的とする治療剤であって、請求項4に記載の前記修飾されたT細胞受容体を発現するヒトT細胞を含む、前記治療剤。
- 請求項12に記載の前記治療剤を投与することを含む、前記WT1抗原を発現する癌を有する対象を治療する方法。
- 請求項13に記載の前記治療剤を投与することを含む、前記WT1抗原を発現する癌を有する対象を治療する方法。
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JP2022081490A (ja) * | 2016-06-27 | 2022-05-31 | ジュノー セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド | Mhc-e拘束性エピトープ、結合分子ならびに関連する方法および使用 |
JP7340638B2 (ja) | 2016-06-27 | 2023-09-07 | ジュノー セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド | Mhc-e拘束性エピトープ、結合分子ならびに関連する方法および使用 |
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