JP2017031216A - 細胞増殖関連疾患のための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
細胞増殖関連疾患のための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】ネオ活性変異体を有する対象を治療および評価する方法が記載される。例えば、i)2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHの存在、またはii)2HGの上昇したレベルを特徴とする細胞増殖関連疾患を有する対象を治療する方法を提供し、対象は、2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸尿症を有しないか、または2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸尿症を有すると診断されていない対象であり、方法は、それを必要とする対象に、治療的に有効な量の、対象の2HGの上昇したレベルを減少させる治療薬、2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHの阻害剤、対象の前記上昇したレベルの2HGの望ましくない効果を改善する治療薬、または2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHをコードするmRNAを標的とする、核酸に基づく阻害剤のうちの1つ以上を投与し、それによって、対象を治療することを含む。
【選択図】なし
Description
本出願は、2009年3月13日に出願の米国特許出願第61/160253号、2009年3月16日に出願の米国特許出願第61/160664号、2009年4月28日に出願の米国特許出願第61/173518号、2009年5月22日に出願の米国特許出願第61/180609号、2009年6月25日に出願の米国特許出願第61/220543号、2009年7月22日に出願の米国特許出願第61/227649号、2009年7月29日に出願の米国特許出願第61/229689号、2009年10月21日に出願の米国特許出願第61/253820号、および2009年12月4日に出願の米国特許出願第61/266929号の優先権を主張し、それらの各々の内容は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
それによって、対象を治療する。
例えば、IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2のネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を特異的に阻害するか、または
IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2の野生型活性およびネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性の両方を阻害する阻害剤である。
例えば、IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2のネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を特異的に阻害するか、または
IDH1、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2の野生型活性およびネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性の両方を阻害するということに基づいて選択される阻害剤である。
ステロイド、微小管重合、例えば、ビンクリスチンの阻害剤、アスパラギン、例えば、アスパラギナーゼの有効性を低下させる薬剤、アントラサイクリン、または代謝拮抗薬、例えば、メトトレキサート、例えば、髄腔内メトトレキサート、もしくは6−メルカプトプリンのうちの1つ以上の投与を含む誘導期治療、
誘導期に関して上に記載の薬物、代謝拮抗薬、例えば、グアニン類似体、例えば、6−チオグアニン、アルキル化剤、例えば、シクロホスファミド、代謝拮抗薬、例えば、AraCもしくはシタラビン、またはトポイソメラーゼIの阻害剤、例えば、エトポシドのうちの1つ以上の投与を含む強化期治療、または誘導もしくは強化期治療に関して上に記載の薬物のうちの1つ以上の投与を含む維持期治療のうちの1つ以上を含む。
a)ネオ活性産物、例えば、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性の産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの存在、分布、またはレベル、例えば、産物、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの増加したレベル(本明細書で使用される、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性の産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HG、もしくは同様の用語の増加したレベル、例えば、ネオ活性産物もしくはネオ活性産物の増加したレベルは、基準、例えば、IDH変異、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2変異を欠如するそれ以外は同様の細胞中、または変異を有しない対象からの組織もしくは産物中で見られるレベルと比較して、増加したことを意味し(本明細書で使用されるアルファヒドロキシルネオ活性の産物のレベルについて言及される増加および上昇したという用語は、互換的に使用される)、
b)IDH1もしくはIDH2変異体タンパク質のネオ活性、例えば、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性の存在、分布、もしくはレベル、
c)ネオ活性、例えば、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性、もしくは対応するRNAを有するネオ活性変異体タンパク質、例えば、IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2変異体タンパク質の存在、分布、もしくはレベル、または
d)対象からの細胞増殖関連疾患を特徴とする細胞中で、ネオ活性を与える選択的体細胞対立遺伝子もしくは変異、例えば、ネオ活性、例えば、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を有するタンパク質をコードするIDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2、例えば、本明細書に開示の対立遺伝子の存在のうちの1つ以上を分析すること、を含み、
それによって、対象を評価する。
対象を診断すること、例えば、細胞増殖関連疾患、例えば、望ましくない細胞増殖、例えば、癌を特徴とする疾患、または前癌疾患を有する対象を診断することと、
対象を病期分類すること、例えば、細胞増殖関連疾患、例えば、望ましくない細胞増殖、例えば、癌を特徴とする疾患、または前癌疾患の病期を判定することと、
対象に予後診断を提供すること、例えば、細胞増殖関連疾患、例えば、望ましくない細胞増殖、例えば、癌を特徴とする疾患、または前癌疾患に関する予後診断を提供することと、
治療の効力、例えば、化学療法剤、照射、または手術の効力を判定することと、
治療薬、例えば、本明細書に記載の阻害剤での治療の効力を判定することと、
細胞増殖関連疾患、例えば、望ましくない細胞増殖、例えば、癌を特徴とする疾患、または前癌疾患の治療において対象を選択することとをさらに含む。選択は、ネオ活性の低下の必要性、またはネオ活性に関連するか、もしくは由来している症状の改善の必要性に基づき得る。例えば、対象が、細胞増殖関連疾患、例えば、例えば、癌、もしくはアルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの増加したレベルを特徴とする前癌疾患を有すると判定されるか、またはアルファヒドロキシルネオ活性、例えば、2HG、ネオ活性を有する変異体IDH1もしくはIDH2によって判定される場合に、本明細書に記載の治療薬、例えば、その変異体(例えば、2HGへのアルファケトグルタル酸の転換、例えば、R−2HG)のネオ活性の阻害剤(例えば、小分子もしくは核酸に基づく阻害剤)での治療において対象を選択するか、
分析と結果もしくは予後診断の相互関係を示すか、
評価が基づく分析値、例えば、アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの存在、分布、もしくはレベルと相関するパラメータ値を提供するか、対象の治療の推奨を提供するか、または
方法の結果もしくは産出、例えば、方法を実行する過程でもたらされた測定を記録すること、および任意でその記録を団体、例えば、対象、ヘルスケア提供者、または対象の治療の支払いを行う事業体、例えば、政府、保険会社、もしくは他の第三者支払人に送信する。
例えば、それが一次もしくは転移病巣を示す、細胞増殖関連疾患、例えば、癌、
細胞増殖関連疾患の病期、
例えば、それが疾患、例えば、低い侵襲性の癌の形態を示す、細胞増殖関連疾患における予後診断または結果を示している。例えば、神経膠腫において、アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの存在は、低い侵襲性の癌の形態、
治療の効力、例えば、化学療法剤、照射、または手術の効力、
本明細書に開示の治療、例えば、IDH、例えば、本明細書に記載のIDH1もしくはIDH2、ネオ活性変異体のネオ活性の阻害の必要性を示し得る。ある実施形態では、比較的高いレベル(または変異体の存在)が、IDH、例えば、本明細書に記載のIDH1もしくはIDH2変異体のネオ活性の阻害の必要性、または
治療に対する応答性に相関する。結果を、臨床応答への非侵襲バイオマーカーとして使用することができる。例えば、上昇したレベルは、神経膠腫患者におけるより良好な結果(例えば、より長い平均余命)を予測し得る。
細胞増殖関連疾患、例えば、AMLもしくはALL、例えば、B−ALLもしくはT−ALL等の白血病、または腫瘍病巣、例えば、神経膠腫もしくは前立腺腫瘍を有し、細胞中に、正常なレベルよりも高いアルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2−ヒドロキシグルタレート(例えば、R−2HG)の危険性があるか、またはそれを有する該対象、
アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を有する、選択されたIDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2対立遺伝子、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2変異を有する該対象、
アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を有する、選択されたIDH対立遺伝子、例えば、選択されたIDH1もしくはIDH2対立遺伝子を有する該対象、
増殖関連疾患を有する該対象、
本明細書に記載の種類の治療薬を必要とするか、またはそれから利益を得ることができる該対象、
アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を阻害する化合物を必要とするか、またはそれから利益を得ることができる該対象、
アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGのレベルを低下させる化合物を必要とするか、またはそれから利益を得ることができる該対象に基づいて選択することができる。
アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性、アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性(または対応するRNA)を有するIDH1もしくはIDH2変異体タンパク質のうちの1つ以上特徴とする疾患を治療するのに有用であることと、対象からの細胞増殖関連疾患を特徴とする細胞中の、アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性、例えば、対立遺伝子とタンパク質をコードするIDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2の選択的体細胞対立遺伝子または変異を特徴とする疾患を治療するのに有用であることと、
それが、アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGのレベルを低下させることと、
それが、アルファヒドロキシルネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性のレベルを低下させることとに基づいて選択され得る。
例えば、IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2のネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を特異的に阻害するか、または
IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2の野生型活性およびネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性の両方を阻害する阻害剤である。
例えば、IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2のネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を特異的に阻害するか、または
IDH1、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2の野生型活性およびネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性の両方を阻害するということに基づいて選択される阻害剤である。
対象の細胞増殖関連疾患がまだ治療されておらず、かつ選択もしくは投与された治療は、
最初もしくは1回目の治療であるか、
細胞増殖関連がすでに治療されており、かつ選択もしくは投与された治療は、現行の治療の変化をもたらすか、
細胞増殖関連がすでに治療されており、かつ選択された治療は、現行の治療の継続をもたらすか、または
細胞増殖関連疾患がすでに治療されており、かつ選択もしくは投与された治療は、例えば、評価の前に投与されたものもしくはアルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの上昇したレベルの不在下で投与されるであろうものと比較して、異なる。
異なる(例えば、評価の前に投与されたものもしくはアルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの上昇したレベルの不在下で投与されるであろうものと比較して異なる)、例えば、より多い(またはより少ない)投薬量で、治療薬の投与を含む治療、
異なる(例えば、評価の前に投与されたものもしくはアルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの上昇したレベルの不在下で投与されるであろうものと比較して異なる)頻度、例えば、より高いかもしくは低い、または全く高くない頻度で、治療薬の投与を含む治療、または
異なる(例えば、評価の前に投与されたものもしくはアルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの上昇したレベルの不在下で投与されるであろうものと比較して異なる)治療設定(例えば、治療計画から第2の治療を追加または削除する)で、治療薬の投与を含む治療を含み得る。
例えば、腫瘍、例えば、神経膠腫に関連して、対象におけるアルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの存在、分布、またはレベルの判定を提供するために、対象(例えば、2−ヒドロキグルタル酸尿症を有しない対象)を、画像分析および/または分光分析、例えば、磁気共鳴に基づく分析、例えば、MRIおよび/またはMRS、例えば、画像分析に供すことと、
判定、例えば、画像分析からの画像に関連する画像または値に関連するパラメータを任意で保存することと、
判定に応答して、判定を結果もしくは予後診断の相互関係を示すこと、結果もしくは予後診断の指標を提供すること、評価が基づいている分析値、例えば、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの存在、分布、またはレベルを提供すること、対象の治療への推奨を提供すること、対象のために一連の治療、例えば、本明細書に記載の一連の治療を選択、例えば、変異体IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2対立遺伝子のネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性を阻害することを含む一連の治療を選択すること、対象に一連の治療、例えば、本明細書に記載の一連の治療、例えば、変異体IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2対立遺伝子のネオ活性、例えば、本明細書に記載のネオ活性を阻害することを含む一連の治療を投与すること、ならびに方法の結果または方法の過程でもたらされた測定、例えば、上の1つ以上を記録すること、および/または上の1つ以上の記録を、団体、例えば、対象、ヘルスケア提供者、もしくは対象の治療の支払いを行う事業体、例えば、政府、保険会社、もしくは他の第三者支払人に送信することのうちの1つ以上を実行することとを含む。
al.,「Amonoclonal antibody IMab−1 specifically recognizes IDH1R132H,themost common glioma−derived mutation: (Kato,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.(2009)を参照されたく、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
任意で候補化合物を供給することと、
候補化合物を、ネオ活性を有する変異体酵素、もしくはネオ活性と同一である、本明細書で代理活性と称される活性を有する本明細書で代理酵素と称される別の酵素と(または同一物を含む細胞または細胞溶解物と)接触させることと、
ネオ活性もしくは代理活性を調節、例えば、阻害または促進する候補化合物の能力を評価することと、を含み、
それによって、候補化合物を評価する。
任意で候補化合物を供給することと、
候補化合物を、核酸配列、例えば、残基132でArg以外を有するIDH1、または残基172でArg以外を有するIDH2(具体的には、残基132でArg以外を有するIDH1)をコードする異種配列を含む細胞と接触させることと、
細胞溶解物または培養培地中の、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HGの存在および/または量を、LC−MSによって評価することと、を含み、
それによって、化合物を評価する。
任意で候補化合物、例えば、核酸に基づく阻害剤(例えば、dsRNA(例えば、siRNAもしくはshRNA)、アンチセンス、またはマイクロRNA)を供給すること、
候補化合物を、RNA、例えば、IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2、例えば、ネオ活性を有する変異体酵素をコードするRNAをコードするmRNAと(または同一物を含む細胞もしくは細胞溶解物と)接触させることと、
RNAを阻害する候補化合物の脳威力を評価することと、を含み、
それによって、候補化合物を評価する。RNAを阻害するとは、RNAを切断、またはさもなければ不活性化することを意味する。
任意で候補化合物、例えば、小分子、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、アプタマー、炭水化物に基づく分子、または核酸に基づく分子を供給することと、
候補化合物を、細胞もしくは細胞溶解物を含む系と接触させることと、
IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2、RNAの翻訳を阻害する候補化合物の能力を評価して、例えば、
それによって、候補化合物を評価することを含む。
動物の総合的健康への化合物の効果を判定すること、
動物の体重への化合物の効果を判定すること、
肝機能、例えば、肝臓酵素への化合物の効果を判定すること、
動物の循環系への化合物の効果を判定すること、
神経機能、例えば、神経筋制御もしくは応答への化合物の効果を判定すること、
摂食もしくは摂飲への化合物の効果を判定すること、
動物における化合物の分布を判定すること、
動物または動物の組織もしくは臓器における化合物の持続性を判定、例えば、血漿半減期を判定すること、または
動物の選択された細胞への化合物の効果を判定すること、
腫瘍、例えば、内因性腫瘍または同一もしくは異なる種からの細胞の導入に起因する腫瘍の成長、大きさ、重量、侵襲性、または他の表現型への化合物の効果を判定することを含む。
例えば、試料を試験することによって、治療薬の性質、例えば、2ヒドロキシグルタル酸(すなわち、2HG)、例えば、R−2ヒドロキシグルタル酸(すなわち、R−2HG)へのアルファケトグルタル酸の転換を阻害する能力に関連するパラメータ値(例えば、試験値)を提供することと、
任意で、判定されたパラメータ値が事前選択された判定基準を満たすか、例えば、存在するか、または事前選択された範囲内で存在するかの判定を提供することと、を含み、
それによって、治療薬を評価もしくは処理する。
IDH1アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性の阻害剤である治療薬を、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を有するIDH1変異体と接触させることと、
アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性の阻害に関連する値を判定することと、
判定された値を、基準値、例えば、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性の阻害に関する値の範囲と比較することとを含む。ある実施形態では、基準値は、FDAが義務付ける値、例えば、公開判定基準である。
アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDH1をコードするmRNAの阻害剤である治療薬を、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性を有するIDH1変異体をコードするmRNAと接触させることと、
mRNAの阻害に関連する値を判定することと、
判定された値を、基準値、例えば、mRNAの阻害に関する値の範囲と比較することとを含む。ある実施形態では、基準値は、FDAが義務付ける値、例えば、公開判定基準である。
アルファヒドロキシネオ活性産物、例えば、2HG、例えば、R−2HG、またはネオ活性、例えば、アルファヒドロキシネオ活性、例えば、2HGネオ活性(もしくは対応するRNA)を有する変異体IDH1もしくはIDH2、または変異体IDH、例えば、IDH1もしくはIDH2体細胞遺伝子、例えば、本明細書に記載の変異体の増加したレベルにおいて陽性であるかの評価を提供(例えば受信)することと、
(1)対象が陽性である場合に、第1の支払クラスを選択すること、かつ(2)対象が陽性でない場合に、第2の支払クラスを選択することの少なくとも1つを実行することとを含む。
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、例えば、以下が提供される:
(項目1)
i)2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHの存在、またはii)2HGの上昇したレベルを特徴とする細胞増殖関連疾患を有する対象を治療する方法であり、前記対象は、2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸尿症を有しないか、または2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸尿症を有すると診断されていない対象であり、前記方法は、それを必要とする前記対象に、治療的に有効な量の
対象の2HGの前記上昇したレベルを減少させる治療薬、
2HGネオ活性を有する前記変異体IDHの阻害剤、
対象の前記上昇したレベルの2HGの望ましくない効果を改善する治療薬、または
2HGネオ活性を有する前記変異体IDHをコードするmRNAを標的とする、核酸に基づく阻害剤のうちの1つ以上を投与し、
それによって、前記対象を治療することを含む、方法。
(項目2)
前記細胞増殖関連疾患は、癌または前癌疾患である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記癌は、星状腫瘍、希突起膠腫、乏突起星細胞系腫瘍、未分化星状細胞腫、線維肉腫、傍神経節腫、前立腺癌、急性リンパ芽球性白血病、または急性骨髄性白血病である、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記癌は、グリア芽腫である、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記対象に、2HGネオ活性を有する前記変異体IDHの阻害剤を投与することを含む、項目1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記変異体IDHは、変異体IDH1である、項目1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記変異体IDH1は、IDH1R132Xである、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記変異体IDH1は、IDH1R132H、IDH1R132C、IDH1R132S、IDH1R132G、IDH1R132L、またはIDH1R132Vである、項目7に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記変異体IDH1は、IDH1R132HまたはIDH1R132Cである、項目8に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記変異体IDHは、変異体IDH2である、項目1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記変異体IDH2は、IDH2R172Xである、項目10に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記変異体IDH2は、IDH2R172K、IDH2R172M、IDH2R172S、IDH2R172G、またはIDH2R172Wである、項目11に記載の方法。
(項目13)
前記変異体IDH2は、IDH2R172Kである、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目14)
2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHの前記阻害剤は、
a. 式(X)の化合物であって、
R1は、ハロ(例えば、フルオロ)、C1−C6アルキル、C1−C6ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシル、C1−C6アルコキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、アミド、−C(O)OH、またはC(O)OC1−C6アルキルであり、かつ
mは、0、1、2、または3であるか、あるいは
b. 下の表中の化合物のいずれか1つから選択される化合物である、項目1または項目5に記載の方法。
対象の前記上昇した2HGの望ましくない効果を改善する治療薬を投与することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目16)
2HGネオ活性を有する前記変異体IDHをコードするmRNAを選択的に標的とする核酸に基づく阻害剤を投与することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目17)
第2の抗癌剤または療法を、それを必要とする前記対象に投与することを含む、項目1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目18)
癌の存在または感受性に関して、対象を評価する方法であって、
a)前記対象が、2−ヒドロキグルタル酸尿症を有しないか、または2−ヒドロキグルタル酸尿症を有すると診断されていない、2HGの存在、分布、もしくはレベル、
b)変異体IDH1酵素または変異体IDH2酵素のいずれかが2HGネオ活性を有する、それらの存在、分布、もしくはレベル、
c)変異体IDH1酵素または変異体IDH2酵素のいずれかが2HGネオ活性を有する、それらをコードするRNAの存在、分布、もしくはレベル、あるいは
d)変異体IDH1酵素または変異体IDH2酵素のいずれかが2HGネオ活性を有する、それらをコードするDNAの存在、のうちの1つ以上に関して、前記対象または前記対象からの試料を分析し、
それによって、そのような癌に関して、前記対象を評価することを含む、方法。
(項目19)
前記癌は、星状腫瘍、希突起膠腫、乏突起星細胞系腫瘍、未分化星状細胞腫、線維肉腫、傍神経節腫、前立腺癌、急性リンパ芽球性白血病、または急性骨髄性白血病である、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記癌は、グリア芽腫である、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目21)
変異体IDH1酵素または変異体IDH2酵素のいずれかが2HGネオ活性を有する、それらの存在、分布、もしくはレベル、あるいは変異体IDH1酵素または変異体IDH2酵素のいずれかが2HGネオ活性を有する、それらをコードするRNAを分析することを含む、項目18〜20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目22)
DNA配列決定、免疫分析、または酵素活性アッセイによる、前記対象の組織、産物、または体液の評価を含む、項目21に記載の方法。
(項目23)
前記変異体IDH1は、IDH1R132Xである、項目18〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目24)
前記変異体IDH1は、IDH1R132H、IDH1R132C、IDH1R132S、IDH1R132G、IDH1R132L、またはIDH1R132Vである、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記変異体IDH1は、IDH1R132HまたはIDH1R132Cである、項目24に記載の方法。
(項目26)
前記変異体IDH2は、IDH2R172Xである、項目18〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目27)
前記変異体IDH2は、IDH2R172K、IDH2R172M、IDH2R172S、IDH2R172G、またはIDH2R172Wである、項目26に記載の方法。
(項目28)
前記変異体IDH2は、IDH2R172Kである、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目29)
前記2HGの存在、分布、またはレベルを分析することを含む、項目18〜20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目30)
前記2HGの存在、分布、またはレベルは、画像分析または分光分析によって非侵襲的に決定される、項目29に記載の方法。
(項目31)
前記画像分析または分光分析は、磁気共鳴画像法もしくは磁気共鳴分光法を含む、項目30に記載の方法。
(項目32)
前記2HGの存在、分布、もしくはレベルは、前記対象の組織、産物、または体液を評価することによって決定される、項目29に記載の方法。
(項目33)
項目21〜28のいずれか1項に記載の方法をさらに含む、項目1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目34)
項目29〜32のいずれか1項に記載の方法をさらに含む、項目1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目35)
変異体IDHの2HGネオ活性を阻害する能力に関して、候補化合物を評価する方法であって、
前記候補化合物を、2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHと接触させることと、
前記2HGネオ活性を調節する前記候補化合物の能力を評価することと、を含み、
それによって、前記候補化合物を評価することを含む、方法。
(項目36)
2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHをコードするRNAの翻訳を阻害するか、または2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHを阻害する能力に関して、候補化合物を評価する方法であって、
前記候補化合物を、2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHをコードするRNAと、または細胞もしくは細胞溶解物を含む系と接触させることと、
前記RNAの前記翻訳を阻害するか、または2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHを阻害する前記候補化合物の能力を評価することと、を含み
それによって、前記候補化合物を評価する、方法。
(項目37)
前記変異体IDHは、変異体IDH1である、項目35または項目36に記載の方法。
(項目38)
前記変異体IDHは、変異体IDH2である、項目35または項目36に記載の方法。
(項目39)
細胞増殖関連疾患を有する対象に対して、2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDHの阻害剤での治療に関する支払クラスを選択する方法であって、
前記対象が、2HGネオ活性産物もしくは2HGネオ活性、または2HGネオ活性を有する変異体IDH1もしくは変異体IDH2の増加したレベルにおいて陽性であるかの評価を提供することと、
(1)前記対象が陽性の場合に、第1の支払クラスを選択すること、および(2)前記対象が陽性ではない場合に、第2の支払クラスを選択すること、のうちの少なくとも1つを実行することと、を含む、方法。
(項目40)
a. 式(X)の化合物であって、
R1は、ハロ、C1−C6アルキル、C1−C6ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシル、C1−C6アルコキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、アミド、−C(O)OH、またはC(O)OC1−C6アルキルであり、かつ
mは、0、1、2、または3であるか、あるいは
b. 下の表中の化合物のいずれか1つから選択される化合物を含む、医薬組成物。
酵素のネオ活性
イソクエン酸脱水素酵素
イソクエン酸+NAD+(NADP+)→α−KG+CO2+NADH(NADPH)+H+。
2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸の検出
Chromatogr A 1147,153−64,2007)の変異体に従って、代謝産物を、水系移動相で、イオン対剤として10mMのトリブチルアミンを使用する逆相クロマトグラフィーによって分離することができる。1つの方法は、TCA代謝産物の分解を可能にする:t=0.50%のB、t=5.95%のB、t=7.95%のB、t=8.0%のBであり、Bは、100%のメタノールの有機移動相を指す。別の方法は、2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸に対して特異的であり、50%〜95%のB(上で定義された緩衝液)からの高速直線勾配を、5分間にわたって実行する。上に記載されるように、Synergi Hydro−RP、100mm×2mm、2.1μmの粒子の大きさ(Phenomonex)をカラムとして使用することができる。代謝産物を、純粋な代謝産物基準とのピーク面積の比較によって既知の濃度で定量化することができる。13C−グルタミンからの代謝産物流動研究を、例えば、Munger et al.Nat Biotechnol 26,1179−86,2008に記載されるように実行することができる。
増殖性疾患を治療する方法
癌治療のための化合物
R1は、ハロ(例えば、フルオロ)、C1−C6アルキル、C1−C6ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシル、C1−C6アルコキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、アミド、−C(O)OH、またはC(O)OC1−C6アルキルであり、かつ
mは、0、1、2、または3である。
いくつかの実施形態では、化合物は、式(XI)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に許容される塩または表24bに記載される化合物である。
W、X、Y、およびZは、それぞれCHもしくはNから独立して選択され、
BおよびB1は、水素、アルキルから独立して選択されるか、またはそれらが付着する炭素と一緒になると、カルボニル基を形成し、
Qは、C=OまたはSO2であり、
DおよびD1は、結合、酸素、またはNRcから独立して選択され、
Aは、任意で置換されたアリールまたは任意で置換されたヘテロアリールであり、
R1は、アルキル、アシル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクリルアルキル、シクロアルキルアルキル、アラルキル、およびヘテロアラルキルから独立して選択され、それらの各々は、0〜3回発生のRdと任意で置換され得、
各R3は、ハロ、ハロアルキル、アルキル、および−ORaから独立して選択され、
各Raは、アルキル、およびハロアルキルから独立して選択され、
各Rbは、独立してアルキルであり、
各Rcは、水素、アルキル、およびアルケニルから独立して選択され、
各Rdは、ハロ、ハロアルキル、アルキル、ニトロ、シアノ、および-ORaから独立し
て選択されるか、もしくはそれらが付着する炭素原子と一緒になる2つのRdは、任意で置換されたヘテロシクリルを形成し、
nは、0、1、または2であり、
hは、0、1、2であり、かつ
gは、0、1、または2である。
異性体
塩
成され得る。好適な無機カチオンの例には、Na+およびK+等のアルカリ金属イオン、Ca2+およびMg2+、ならびにAl+3等の他のカチオン等のアルカリ土類カチオンが挙げられるが、それらに限定されない。好適な有機カチオンの例には、アンモニウムイオン(すなわち、NH4+)ならびに置換アンモニウムイオン(例えば、NH3R+、NH2R2+、NHR3+、NR4+)が挙げられるが、それらに限定されない。いくつかの好適な置換アンモニウムイオンの例は、エチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ブチルアミン、エチレンジアミン、エタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、ピペラジン、ベンジルアミン、フェニルベンジルアミン、コリン、メグルミン、およびトロメタミン、ならびにリジンおよびアルギニン等のアミノ酸に由来するものである。一般的な第4級アンモニウムイオンの例は、N(CH3)4+である。
化学的に保護された形態
核酸に基づく阻害剤
二本鎖RNA(dsRNA)
核酸に基づくIDH阻害剤
アンチセンス
マイクロRNA
et al.(1989)J.Virol.62:1963−1973を参照されたい。
医薬組成物
キット
併用療法
化学療法
標的療法
免疫療法
ホルモン療法
患者選択/監視
疾患
1.野生型IDH1をpET41aへとクローン化し、C末端にHis8タグを作り出した。
CDSに照らした整列を示す。
2.IDHr132sおよびIDHr132h変異体を作製するためのIDH1部位特異的突然変異誘発。
3.IDH1タンパク質発現および精製。
A.細胞培養:
B.緩衝剤系:
C.タンパク質精製手順
D.タンパク質精製結果
実施例2 IDH1野生型および変異体の酵素学分析
1.イソクエン酸のα−ケトグルタル酸(α−KG)への酸化的脱炭酸化における、IDH1野生型ならびに変異体R132HおよびR132Sの分析。
A.方法
B.イソクエン酸のα−KGへの転換に代わり、ICDH1 R132HおよびICDH1 R132Sが損なわれる。
C.ICDH1 R132HおよびR132S変異体は、イソクエン酸のα−ケトグルタル酸(α−KG)への酸化的脱炭酸化において低下した産物阻害を示す。
E.IDH1上のオキサロリンゴ酸塩の阻害効果に対する、R132突然変異の効果
2.α−ケトグルタル酸(α−KG)の還元における、IDH1野生型ならびに変異体R132HおよびR132Sの分析。
A.方法
B.野生型酵素ではなく、R132HおよびR132S突然変異酵素がα−KG還元を支援する。
C.α−KGのR132HおよびR132S変異体による還元は、α−KGの生理学的に関連する濃度で体外で生じる。
D.アルファ−ケトグルタル酸のNADHによる還元における、IDH1野生型ならびに変異体R132HおよびR132Sの分析。
2:変異体IDH1の分析
R132H変異体は、α−KGのイソクエン酸への転換をもたらさない。
ICDH R132Hは、aKGを2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸のR−鏡像異性体に還元する。
2×150mMのC18カラムを用いて、90:10(ギ酸アンモニウム、pH3.6:メタノール)の200μL/分の均一濃度の流動により、API2000 LC−MS/MSシステム上で反応産物およびキラル標準物の分析を行い、
XICおよび負イオンモードの363/147の診断的MRMトランジションを用いて2−HG−DATAN複合体の保持時間をモニターした。
これらの実験により、ICDH1ネオ活性が、α−KGからR−2−HGへの非常に特異的なキラル還元であると結論づけることが可能である。
他のIDH1突然変異の酵素特性
IDH−1 R132H変異体タンパク質を含有する膠芽腫細胞株中の2−HG産生の特定。
アミノ酸132のイソクエン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ1(IDH1)における突然変異を含有するヒト膠芽腫腫瘍中の2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸(2−HG)産生の評価。
α−KGのICDH1 R132H還元の反応産物は、野生型ICDH1によるイソクエン酸の酸化的脱炭酸化を阻害する。
実施例3 IDH1野生型および変異体のメタボロミクス分析
1.GBM腫瘍細胞株のメタボロミクス:野生型対R132変異体
2.GBM細胞株のオキサロリンゴ酸塩処置
3.原発性GBM腫瘍のメタボロミクス:野生型対R132突然変異
4.IDH1 132変異体を過剰発現する細胞中の2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸の検出
実施例4 癌標的としてのIDH1の評価
実施例5 siRNA
IDH1
HeLa cells toward stauropine,Lee et al.,2009,Free Radical Research,43:165−173を参照されたい。
small interfering RNA enhances the sensitivity of HeLa cells toward stauropine,Lee et al.,2009,Free Radical Research,43:165−173から適合された。
IDH2
実施例6 R132H変異体IDH1の構造分析
実施例7材料および方法
要約
S−200サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーを用いて精製した。組み換えIDH1タンパク質の酵素活は、イソクエン酸およびNADP、またはαKGおよびNADPHの存在下で、ストップフロー分光光度計を用いて、340nmでのNADPH紫外線吸光度の変化に従うことによって評価された。前述のように、2HGのキラリティーを決定した(Struys,E.A.,Jansen,E.E.,Verhoeven,N.M.& Jakobs,C.Clin Chem50,1391−5(2004))。結晶学研究のために、20mMのTris pH7.4、100mMのNaCl中の10mg/mLで精製した組み換えIDH1(R132H)を、10mMのNADPH、10mMの塩化カルシウム、および75mMのαKGを用いて、60分間、プレインキュベートした。20℃で、100mMのMES、pH6.5、20%のPEG6000のウェル溶液に対して、2:1(タンパク質:沈殿剤)で混合した3μLの液滴を用いて、蒸気拡散平衡法によって、結晶を得た。UCLA IRBで承認された研究プロトコルの一部として告知に基づく同意後に、患者腫瘍試料を得た。 外科的切除後、脳腫瘍試料を得、液体窒素によって冷却されたイソペンタン中で急速凍結され、−80℃で保存された。それぞれの試料のIDH1突然変異状態は、前述されるように、標準的分子生物学技術を用いて決定した(Yan,H.et al.N Engl J Med360,765−73(2009))。上記のように、代謝産物を抽出し、LC−MS/MSによって分析された。完全な方法は、補助的材料において利用可能である。
補助的な方法
S−200(GE Life Sciences、Piscataway、NJ)カラムに応用することによって達成され、20カラム容量の同じ緩衝剤でカラムを溶出した。二量体タンパク質の保持時間に対応する画分を、SDS−PAGEによって特定し、−80℃で保存するためにプールした。
DS,Thornton JM(1993)J Appl Crystallogr26:283−291)によって生成する。
実施例9 IDH1 R132Hを阻害する化合物
実施例11:2−Hは、IDH1/2突然変異を有するAMLにおいて蓄積する。
患者および臨床データ
IDH1およびIDH2遺伝子型
細胞株
IDH1およびIDH2タンパク質の発現/精製
IDH1/2活性アッセイ
統計的分析
結果
表25:IDH1 R132またはIDH2 R172の突然変異を担持する13人のAML患者の特定*
R132C突然変異酵素は、NADPH依存性様式において、α−KGから2−HGへの還元を触媒する能力を必要とする(図39)。変異体IDH1 R132Cのこの還元反応は、NADPHおよびα−KG基質(KM)の両方の結合親和性の大幅な増加により、野生型酵素と比較して、高効率(kcat/KM)である(表28)。
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- 2010-03-12 EP EP10751525.6A patent/EP2406389B1/en active Active
- 2010-03-12 US US13/256,396 patent/US20120121515A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-03-12 CN CN201810487619.8A patent/CN108524505A/zh active Pending
- 2010-03-12 ES ES10751525T patent/ES2740424T3/es active Active
- 2010-03-12 CA CA2755394A patent/CA2755394C/en active Active
- 2010-03-12 JP JP2011554264A patent/JP6067226B2/ja active Active
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2013
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US20240071588A1 (en) | 2024-02-29 |
CN102985557A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
JP6067226B2 (ja) | 2017-01-25 |
AU2010223919A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
EP2406389B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
US20120121515A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
MX2011009690A (es) | 2012-02-08 |
AU2010223919B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
MX346801B (es) | 2017-03-31 |
US10610125B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 |
US20200281501A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
EP2406389A4 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
CA2755394C (en) | 2021-10-19 |
AU2016204346C1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
US20170325708A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
WO2010105243A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
US20140187435A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
JP2012520327A (ja) | 2012-09-06 |
AU2016204346A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
JP2015044862A (ja) | 2015-03-12 |
CN102985557B (zh) | 2018-06-15 |
EP2406389A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
CA2755394A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
CN108524505A (zh) | 2018-09-14 |
ES2740424T3 (es) | 2020-02-05 |
AU2016204346B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
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