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JP2008045543A - Exhaust driven supercharger of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Exhaust driven supercharger of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2008045543A
JP2008045543A JP2007188173A JP2007188173A JP2008045543A JP 2008045543 A JP2008045543 A JP 2008045543A JP 2007188173 A JP2007188173 A JP 2007188173A JP 2007188173 A JP2007188173 A JP 2007188173A JP 2008045543 A JP2008045543 A JP 2008045543A
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Prior art keywords
turbine
exhaust
diffuser
passage
internal combustion
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JP2007188173A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4943963B2 (en
Inventor
Andre Voges
フォーゲス アンドレ
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MAN Energy Solutions France SAS
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MAN Diesel SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/22—Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simplified structure of an exhaust driven supercharger of an internal combustion engine, which is provided with a turbine for expanding exhaust gas flow of an engine of an internal combustion engine and a compressor for combustion air flow to be supplied to the engine, the turbine of which has an inlet housing (10), a nozzle ring (11), a turbine rotor (12) and a diffuser (13) demarcating an exhaust gas flow passage of the turbine, and furthermore, the inlet housing, the nozzle ring and the diffuser demarcates a circular passage (20). <P>SOLUTION: According to the present invention, at least one passage (21) connecting the circular passage to a circumference of the turbine is formed integrally with the inlet housing, and at least one passage (22) connecting the circular passage to an exhaust-gas-flow passage region (19) formed by the diffuser is formed integrally with a covering (15) demarcating an outside of an radial direction of the turbine rotor, or the diffuser. By these passages, the supercharger or units with high temperature of the turbine can be effectively cooled down. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、請求項１の前文に記載の内燃機関の排気駆動過給機に関する。   The present invention relates to an exhaust-drive supercharger for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

内燃機関の効率向上のため、内燃機関に排気駆動過給機を装備することは公知である。排気駆動過給機ないしターボチャージャの運転時、エンジンから排出される排気ガスが、排気駆動過給機のタービンにおいて膨張し、その際、タービンがエンジンに供給すべき燃焼空気を圧縮する排気駆動過給機の圧縮機を駆動する。そのような排気駆動過給機ないしターボチャージャの運転によって、内燃機関の効率を向上し得る。   It is known to equip an internal combustion engine with an exhaust drive supercharger to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. During operation of the exhaust-drive supercharger or turbocharger, exhaust gas discharged from the engine expands in the turbine of the exhaust-drive supercharger, and at that time, the exhaust drive supercharger compresses the combustion air to be supplied to the engine. Drive the compressor of the feeder. By operating the exhaust-drive supercharger or turbocharger, the efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be improved.

特許文献１により、タービンの排気ガス流路を境界づける入口ハウジングと、ディフューザと、ノズルリングとタービンロータとを有する内燃機関の排気駆動過給機のタービンは公知である。ノズルリングは入口ハウジングの下流に、タービンロータはノズルリングの下流に、ディフューザはタービンロータの下流に各々配置され、該タービンロータの半径方向外側はカバーリングで境界づけられ、該カバーリングはノズルリングとディフューザとの間で排気ガス流路の半径方向外側壁を形成している。入口ハウジングとディフューザは、ノズルリングおよびカバーリングと共に、排気ガス流路を軸方向部分区域において半径方向外側を取り囲み、排気ガス流路から分離された環状通路を境界づけている。   Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-133867 discloses an exhaust-drive supercharger turbine for an internal combustion engine having an inlet housing that bounds an exhaust gas flow path of the turbine, a diffuser, a nozzle ring, and a turbine rotor. The nozzle ring is disposed downstream of the inlet housing, the turbine rotor is disposed downstream of the nozzle ring, and the diffuser is disposed downstream of the turbine rotor. The radially outer side of the turbine rotor is bounded by a cover ring, and the cover ring is An outer wall in the radial direction of the exhaust gas flow path is formed between the gas diffuser and the diffuser. The inlet housing and diffuser, together with the nozzle ring and cover ring, surround the exhaust gas passage radially outwardly in the axial section and bound an annular passage separated from the exhaust gas passage.

特に排気ガス流路を境界づけるこれら構成要素ないしその一部は、排気駆動過給機の運転中に高温に曝される。そのため、構成要素又はその一部を冷却ないし絶縁することは従来から公知である。従来そのために、別個の装置として形成した冷却装置を採用しておりそのために、排気駆動過給機のタービンの構造が複雑となっている。
独国特許第１０１２５２５０号明細書 In particular, these components or parts thereof that bound the exhaust gas flow path are exposed to high temperatures during operation of the exhaust-driven supercharger. For this reason, it is conventionally known to cool or insulate components or parts thereof. Conventionally, for this purpose, a cooling device formed as a separate device has been employed, which complicates the structure of the turbine of the exhaust drive supercharger.
German Patent No. 10125250

上述の点から出発し、本発明の課題は、内燃機関の新規な排気駆動過給機を提供することにある。   Starting from the above points, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel exhaust-drive supercharger for an internal combustion engine.

この課題は、請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排気駆動過給機によって解決される。本発明に基づき、入口ハウジングに、環状通路をタービンの周囲に接続する少なくとも１個の通路が一体形成され、タービンロータの半径方向外側を境界づけるカバーリング又はディフューザに、環状通路をディフューザにより形成された排気ガス流路区域に接続する少なくとも１個の通路が一体形成される。   This problem is solved by the exhaust-drive supercharger for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1. According to the present invention, at least one passage connecting the annular passage to the periphery of the turbine is integrally formed in the inlet housing, and the annular passage is formed by the diffuser in the covering or diffuser that bounds the radially outer side of the turbine rotor. At least one passage connected to the exhaust gas flow path section is integrally formed.

入口ハウジング並びにディフューザに一体形成された通路を介して、排気駆動過給機の高温部品ないしタービンの高温部の比較的単純な手段による効果的冷却が実現される。タービンないし排気駆動過給機の運転中に漏れが生じたとき、場合によりタービンの周囲に集まった排気ガスが吸い込まれ、排気駆動過給機のディフューザに導かれる。   Through the passage formed integrally with the inlet housing and the diffuser, effective cooling of the hot parts of the exhaust-driven supercharger or the hot part of the turbine is achieved by relatively simple means. When a leak occurs during the operation of the turbine or the exhaust drive supercharger, the exhaust gas collected around the turbine is sometimes sucked and led to the diffuser of the exhaust drive supercharger.

本発明の有利な実施態様を、従属請求項および以下の説明から明らかにする。   Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description.

以下、図を参照し本発明の実施例を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

軸流タービンとして形成したタービンを持つ排気駆動過給機を例にとり、本発明を説明する。排気駆動過給機の軸流タービンの原理的構造は特許文献１で知られ、その開示内容も明らかに本発明に関連する。なおこの特許文献１の開示内容を参酌すれば、本発明は半径流タービンにも採用できる。   The present invention will be described by taking an exhaust-driven supercharger having a turbine formed as an axial turbine as an example. The basic structure of an axial turbine of an exhaust drive supercharger is known from US Pat. In addition, if the content disclosed in Patent Document 1 is taken into consideration, the present invention can be applied to a radial turbine.

図１は、本発明に基づく排気駆動過給機のタービンにおいて、軸方向に延びる排気ガス流路の半径方向外側端を断面図で示す。排気ガス流路は、入口ハウジング１０と、ノズルリング１１と、タービンロータ１２と、ディフューザ１３からなる。図１はタービンロータ１２の、動翼１４の半径方向外側に位置する部分を示している。その場合、タービンロータ１２ないしその動翼１４は、排気ガス流路の半径方向外側に位置する端部が、カバーリング１５により境界づけられている。このカバーリング１５は、ノズルリング１１とディフューザ１３との間に置かれ、排気ガス流路の円周壁を形成している。   FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a radially outer end of an exhaust gas passage extending in the axial direction in an exhaust-driven supercharger turbine according to the present invention. The exhaust gas flow path includes an inlet housing 10, a nozzle ring 11, a turbine rotor 12, and a diffuser 13. FIG. 1 shows a portion of the turbine rotor 12 located on the radially outer side of the rotor blade 14. In that case, the turbine rotor 12 or its rotor blade 14 is bounded by the cover ring 15 at the end located radially outside the exhaust gas flow path. The cover ring 15 is placed between the nozzle ring 11 and the diffuser 13, and forms a circumferential wall of the exhaust gas passage.

従って、タービンの軸方向に延びる排気ガス流路は、全部で４個の区域で構成され、その第１区域１６は入口ハウジング１０によって、第２区域１７はノズルリング１１によって、第３区域１８はカバーリング１５を含むタービンロータ１２によって、第４区域１９はディフューザ１３によってそれぞれ形成されている。   Thus, the exhaust gas flow path extending in the axial direction of the turbine is composed of a total of four zones, the first zone 16 being the inlet housing 10, the second zone 17 being the nozzle ring 11, and the third zone 18 being By the turbine rotor 12 including the cover ring 15, the fourth sections 19 are respectively formed by the diffuser 13.

図１から解るように、更に、入口ハウジング１０とディフューザ１３とノズルリング１１とカバーリング１５は環状通路２０を境界づけている。この環状通路２０は、従来公知の排気駆動過給機のタービンの場合、排気ガス流路から完全に分離され、排気ガス流路の軸方向部分区域においてその半径方向外側を取り囲んでいる。   As can be seen from FIG. 1, the inlet housing 10, the diffuser 13, the nozzle ring 11, and the cover ring 15 further bound the annular passage 20. In the case of a conventionally known exhaust-driven turbocharger turbine, this annular passage 20 is completely separated from the exhaust gas flow path and surrounds its radially outer side in the axial section of the exhaust gas flow path.

本発明に基づき、入口ハウジング１０に、環状通路２０をタービンの周囲に接続する少なくとも１個の通路２１が一体形成されている。   In accordance with the present invention, the inlet housing 10 is integrally formed with at least one passage 21 connecting the annular passage 20 to the periphery of the turbine.

また、ディフューザ１３又はカバーリング１５に、環状通路２０をディフューザ１３で形成した排気ガス流路区域１９に接続する、少なくとも１個の通路２２が一体形成されている。   The diffuser 13 or the cover ring 15 is integrally formed with at least one passage 22 that connects the annular passage 20 to the exhaust gas passage area 19 formed by the diffuser 13.

運転時、ディフューザ１３で形成された排気ガス流路区域１９内に、排気駆動過給機のタービンの周囲圧力に対し負圧が生じ、このため図１に矢印で示す如く、周囲空気が１個の或いは各々の通路２１を経て環状通路２０に吸い込まれ、該環状通路２０から１個の或いは各々の通路２２を経てディフューザ１３の排気ガス流路区域１９に吸い込まれる。   During operation, a negative pressure is generated in the exhaust gas passage area 19 formed by the diffuser 13 with respect to the ambient pressure of the turbine of the exhaust-driven supercharger. Therefore, as shown by an arrow in FIG. Or the respective passages 21 and sucked into the annular passage 20, and from the annular passage 20 through one or each passage 22 into the exhaust gas passage area 19 of the diffuser 13.

吸い込まれた比較的冷たい周囲空気によって、特にノズルリング１１並びにカバーリング１５の構成要素が冷却される。排気駆動過給機に漏れが存在し或いはタービンの周囲に排気ガスが集まるとき、その排気ガスは吸い込まれ、本発明に基づく排気駆動過給機のタービンのディフューザ１３に供給される。   The relatively cool ambient air sucked in cools in particular the components of the nozzle ring 11 as well as the cover ring 15. When there is a leak in the exhaust drive supercharger or exhaust gas collects around the turbine, the exhaust gas is sucked and supplied to the diffuser 13 of the turbine of the exhaust drive supercharger according to the present invention.

本発明に基づく内燃機関の排気駆動過給機のタービンの部分概略断面図。The partial schematic sectional drawing of the turbine of the exhaust-drive supercharger of the internal combustion engine based on this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ 入口ハウジング、１１ ノズルリング、１２ タービンロータ、１３ ディフューザ、１４ 動翼、１５ カバーリング、１６〜１９ 排気ガス流路区域、２０ 環状通路、２１、２２ 通路 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Inlet housing, 11 Nozzle ring, 12 Turbine rotor, 13 Diffuser, 14 Rotor blade, 15 Cover ring, 16-19 Exhaust gas passage area, 20 Annular passage, 21, 22 passage

Claims (4)

内燃機関のエンジンから出る排気ガス流を膨張するためのタービンと、内燃機関のエンジンに供給すべき燃焼空気流を圧縮するための圧縮機とを備え、タービンが、タービンの排気ガス流路を境界づける入口ハウジング（１０）と、ノズルリング（１１）と、タービンロータ（１２）と、ディフューザ（１３）とを有し、更に、入口ハウジング（１０）とノズルリング（１１）とディフューザ（１３）とが環状通路（２０）を境界づけている内燃機関の排気駆動過給機において、
入口ハウジング（１０）に、環状通路（２０）をタービンの周囲に接続する少なくとも１個の通路（２１）が一体形成され、タービンロータ（１２）の半径方向外側を境界づけるカバーリング（１５）或いはディフューザ（１３）に、環状通路（２０）をディフューザ（１３）により形成された排気ガス流路区域（１９）に接続する少なくとも１個の通路（２２）が一体的に形成されたことを特徴とする内燃機関の排気駆動過給機。 A turbine for expanding an exhaust gas flow coming out of an engine of an internal combustion engine and a compressor for compressing a combustion air flow to be supplied to the engine of the internal combustion engine, the turbine bounding an exhaust gas flow path of the turbine An inlet housing (10), a nozzle ring (11), a turbine rotor (12), and a diffuser (13), and further, an inlet housing (10), a nozzle ring (11), and a diffuser (13) In the exhaust drive supercharger of the internal combustion engine, which bounds the annular passage (20),
The inlet housing (10) is integrally formed with at least one passage (21) connecting the annular passage (20) to the periphery of the turbine and covers the radially outer side of the turbine rotor (12) (15) or The diffuser (13) is integrally formed with at least one passage (22) for connecting the annular passage (20) to an exhaust gas passage area (19) formed by the diffuser (13). An exhaust drive supercharger for an internal combustion engine. タービンの周囲空気が、入口ハウジング（１０）とディフューザ（１３）或いはカバーリング（１５）に設けられた通路（２１、２２）を介して吸い込まれ、環状通路（２０）を介して、ディフューザ（１３）により形成された排気ガス流路区域（１９）に導入されることを特徴とする請求項１記載の排気駆動過給機。   The ambient air of the turbine is sucked in through the passages (21, 22) provided in the inlet housing (10) and the diffuser (13) or the cover ring (15), and through the annular passage (20), the diffuser (13 2. The exhaust-driven supercharger according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust-drive supercharger is introduced into an exhaust gas passage section (19) formed by ノズルリング（１１）および構築部品の構成要素を冷却するために使用されることを特徴とする請求項２記載の排気駆動過給機。   3. Exhaust-driven supercharger according to claim 2, characterized in that it is used for cooling the nozzle ring (11) and the components of the construction part. タービンロータ（１２）のカバーリング（１５）を冷却するために使用されることを特徴とする請求項２記載の排気駆動過給機。   3. Exhaust-driven supercharger according to claim 2, characterized in that it is used for cooling the cover ring (15) of the turbine rotor (12).
JP2007188173A 2006-08-19 2007-07-19 Exhaust-driven supercharger for internal combustion engines Expired - Fee Related JP4943963B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006039064.4 2006-08-19
DE102006039064.4A DE102006039064B4 (en) 2006-08-19 2006-08-19 Exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine

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JP2008045543A true JP2008045543A (en) 2008-02-28
JP4943963B2 JP4943963B2 (en) 2012-05-30

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