JP2005305847A - 記録ヘッドの製造方法及び記録ヘッド - Google Patents
記録ヘッドの製造方法及び記録ヘッド Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017980 Ag—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/14209—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements of finger type, chamber walls consisting integrally of piezoelectric material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
- B41J2/1607—Production of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/1609—Production of print heads with piezoelectric elements of finger type, chamber walls consisting integrally of piezoelectric material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
- B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
- B41J2/1623—Manufacturing processes bonding and adhesion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/36—Assembling printed circuits with other printed circuits
- H05K3/361—Assembling flexible printed circuits with other printed circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/36—Assembling printed circuits with other printed circuits
- H05K3/361—Assembling flexible printed circuits with other printed circuits
- H05K3/363—Assembling flexible printed circuits with other printed circuits by soldering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/14209—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements of finger type, chamber walls consisting integrally of piezoelectric material
- B41J2002/14217—Multi layer finger type piezoelectric element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/14209—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements of finger type, chamber walls consisting integrally of piezoelectric material
- B41J2002/14225—Finger type piezoelectric element on only one side of the chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2002/14306—Flow passage between manifold and chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2002/14459—Matrix arrangement of the pressure chambers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2002/14491—Electrical connection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2202/00—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet or thermal heads
- B41J2202/01—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet heads
- B41J2202/20—Modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0364—Conductor shape
- H05K2201/0367—Metallic bump or raised conductor not used as solder bump
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10613—Details of electrical connections of non-printed components, e.g. special leads
- H05K2201/10954—Other details of electrical connections
- H05K2201/10977—Encapsulated connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/11—Treatments characterised by their effect, e.g. heating, cooling, roughening
- H05K2203/1189—Pressing leads, bumps or a die through an insulating layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/321—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by conductive adhesives
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 複数の個別電極35を有するアクチュエータユニット21の表面に、複数の個別電極35と夫々電気的に接続された導電性の複数のバンプ90を突出状に形成し、FPC50の導体部52を覆う未硬化の合成樹脂層55を塗布してから、未硬化の合成樹脂層55に複数のバンプ90を押し当てて合成樹脂層55を貫通させ、複数のバンプ90と導体部52の端子部53とを接触させた後、合成樹脂層55を硬化させる。
【選択図】 図10
Description
図9に示すように、FPC50は、ポリイミドフィルムからなるベース材51と、このベース材51の下側の面に銅箔等の導電性金属により形成された複数の導体部52(配線部分)とを有する。そして、複数の導体部52により、ドライバIC80(図1、図2参照)と複数の個別電極35の各々とを個別に接続する配線パターンが形成されている。また、各導体部52の末端部には、端子部53が設けられ、銅箔の端子部53の表面は半田等の導電性ろう材からなる接合材54で覆われている。
そして、流路ユニット4(キャビティプレート22)の表面に接着剤を塗布して、アクチュエータユニット21を流路ユニット4に接着する。
1]前記実施形態では、熱硬化性樹脂を硬化させた後に、接合材54を溶融させてバンプ90と端子部53とを接合するようにしているが、別の硬化温度の熱硬化性樹脂や、別の溶融温度の接合材を適宜選択することにより、接合材54を溶融させてバンプ90と端子部53とを接合してから、合成樹脂層55を硬化させるようにしてもよい。
4 流路ユニット
8 ノズル
10 圧力室
41〜44 圧電シート
21 アクチュエータユニット
35a 主電極部
35b ランド部
35 個別電極
35 端子部
50 フレキシブルプリント配線板
52 導体部
53 端子部
54 接合材
55 合成樹脂層
90 バンプ
Claims (9)
- 複数の記録素子に夫々対応する複数の個別電極を有するアクチュエータユニットと、前記複数の個別電極に電気的に接続され、前記個別電極に前記記録素子を駆動する為の信号を供給するプリント配線板とを備えた記録ヘッドの製造方法であって、
前記アクチュエータユニットの表面に、前記複数の個別電極と夫々電気的に接続された導電性の複数のバンプを突出状に形成する第1工程と、
前記プリント配線板の配線部分を覆う未硬化の合成樹脂層を塗布する第2工程と、
前記プリント配線板に塗布された前記未硬化の合成樹脂層に前記複数のバンプを押し当ててこの合成樹脂層を貫通させ、前記複数のバンプと前記配線部分の端子部とを接触させる第3工程と、
前記合成樹脂層を硬化させる第4工程と、
を備えたことを特徴とする記録ヘッドの製造方法。 - 前記第4工程において合成樹脂層を硬化させる前に、前記バンプと前記端子部とを接合することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の記録ヘッドの製造方法。
- 前記第4工程において合成樹脂層を硬化させた後に、前記バンプと前記端子部とを接合することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の記録ヘッドの製造方法。
- 前記第2工程において、少なくとも前記端子部の表面にSn層を形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の記録ヘッドの製造方法。
- 前記第3工程において、前記複数のバンプを前記合成樹脂層に押し当ててこの合成樹脂層を貫通させたときに、未硬化の合成樹脂が前記アクチュエータユニットの表面まで達することを特徴とする請求項1〜4の何れかに記載の記録ヘッドの製造方法。
- 前記複数のバンプを、Agを含む導電性且つ熱硬化性を有する接着材で形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜5の何れかに記載の記録ヘッドの製造方法。
- 前記記録ヘッドは、インクを吐出するノズルに連通した複数の圧力室とこれら複数の圧力室に連通した共通インク室とを有する流路ユニットを備えたインクジェットヘッドであり、
前記アクチュエータユニットは、前記流路ユニットの表面に設けられて前記圧力室の容積を変化させる圧電シートと、前記圧電シートの表面に前記複数の圧力室に夫々対応して形成された複数の個別電極とを有し、
前記個別電極は、前記圧電シートに垂直な方向から見て、前記圧電シートの表面の前記圧力室に重なる領域に形成された主電極部と、前記圧電シートに垂直な方向から見て、前記主電極部から前記圧力室に重ならない領域まで引き出されたランド部とを有し、
前記第1工程において、前記バンプを前記ランド部の表面に形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜6の何れかに記載の記録ヘッドの製造方法。 - 複数の記録素子に夫々対応する複数の個別電極を備えたアクチュエータユニットと、前記複数の個別電極に電気的に接続され、前記個別電極に前記記録素子を駆動する為の信号を供給するプリント配線板とを備え、
前記アクチュエータユニットの表面に、前記複数の個別電極と夫々電気的に接続された導電性の複数のバンプが突出状に形成され、
前記プリント配線板に、その配線部分を覆う合成樹脂層が形成され、
前記複数のバンプが、前記プリント配線板に形成された前記合成樹脂層を貫通して前記配線部分の端子部に電気的に接続されていることを特徴とする記録ヘッド。 - 前記バンプと前記端子部との接続部において、前記合成樹脂層が前記プリント配線板と前記アクチュエータユニットに亙って形成されていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の記録ヘッド。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004126380A JP4281608B2 (ja) | 2004-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | 記録ヘッドの製造方法及び記録ヘッド |
US11/111,069 US7351649B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2005-04-21 | Recording head unit and method of producing the same |
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JP2004126380A JP4281608B2 (ja) | 2004-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | 記録ヘッドの製造方法及び記録ヘッド |
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JP2008305967A Division JP4618368B2 (ja) | 2008-12-01 | 2008-12-01 | 記録ヘッドの製造方法及び記録ヘッド |
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JP4281608B2 JP4281608B2 (ja) | 2009-06-17 |
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US (1) | US7351649B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4281608B2 (ja) |
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JP2007320170A (ja) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-13 | Seiko Epson Corp | 圧電素子ユニットの製造方法、圧電素子ユニット、及びこれを用いた液体噴射ヘッド |
JP2009078564A (ja) * | 2008-12-01 | 2009-04-16 | Brother Ind Ltd | 記録ヘッドの製造方法及び記録ヘッド |
JP2010208172A (ja) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-24 | Brother Ind Ltd | 給電系統の検査方法 |
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JP2010221569A (ja) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-10-07 | Brother Ind Ltd | 配線構造体及びその製造方法 |
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JP2010234553A (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-21 | Brother Ind Ltd | 駆動ユニットおよびその製造方法 |
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JP2016163937A (ja) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-08 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電子デバイスの製造方法、および、電子デバイス |
JP2017024372A (ja) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-02 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 圧電デバイス、液体噴射ヘッド、及び圧電デバイスの製造方法 |
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JP6504348B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-16 | 2019-04-24 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | ヘッド及び液体噴射装置 |
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- 2004-04-22 JP JP2004126380A patent/JP4281608B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7351649B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 |
US20050239233A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
JP4281608B2 (ja) | 2009-06-17 |
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