JP2004082064A - Decomposing apparatus for harmful organic substance and washing equipment using this - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To process a harmful organic substance contained in gas without adsorbing it with an adsorbent. <P>SOLUTION: The washing equipment 100 is equipped with a heating furnace 110 placing contaminated articles 1 such as containers of a trance and a condenser to which polychlorinated biphenyl is deposited inside thereof and heating the inside thereof, an air pump 134 connecting to the inside of the heating furnace 110 and exhausting the inside of the heating furnace 110, a decomposing apparatus 120 for the harmful organic substance provided between the heating furnace 110 and the air pump 134 and decomposing polychlorinated biphenyl in the exhaust gas, a scrubber 131 arranged between the decomposing apparatus 120 for the harmful organic substance and the heating furnace 110 and washing and removing particulate in the exhaust, a condenser 132 arranged between the decomposing apparatus 120 for the harmful organic substance and the air pump 134 and cooling the exhaust, and an alkaline treatment apparatus 133 arranged between the condenser 132 and the air pump 134 and contacting the exhaust to alkali. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus for decomposing harmful organic substances in gas and a cleaning apparatus using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the production and import of PCB (Polychlorinated biphenyl, a general term for chlorinated isomers of biphenyl) has been prohibited because of its strong toxicity. Although the production of this PCB began in Japan around 1954, the adverse effects on living organisms and the environment became apparent in the wake of the Kanemi Yusho incident, and in 1972 an instruction was issued to stop production and recall (required storage) due to administrative guidance. There was a background.
[0003]
PCB is obtained by substituting 1 to 10 chlorine atoms in the biphenyl skeleton, and there are theoretically 209 types of isomers depending on the number and positions of the substituted chlorine atoms. The body has been identified. In addition, the physical and chemical properties, in vivo stability, and environmental dynamics of these isomers are diverse, and the current situation is that the chemical analysis of PCBs and the manner of environmental pollution are complicated. Furthermore, PCB is one of the persistent organic pollutants, and has properties that it is not easily decomposed in the environment, is fat-soluble, has a high bioconcentration rate, is semi-volatile, and can be moved through the atmosphere. In addition, it is reported that it remains widely in the environment such as water and living things.
[0004]
This PCB was designated as a specially managed waste based on the law on waste treatment and cleaning in 1997, and waste PCB, waste oil including PCB, and PCB contaminants were designated in 1997. Furthermore, in 1997, Wood and fiber waste were additionally designated as PCB contaminants.
[0005]
There are high-voltage transformers, high-voltage capacitors, low-voltage transformers, condensers, and pole transformers as electrical equipment that can be processed by PCB. As waste PCBs, those used as heat medium are used as insulating oils. There is kerosene and the like used for washing, and as pressure-sensitive waste paper, there is capsule oil used for carbonless paper. Further, use of these PCBs or exchange of heat medium, regeneration of insulating oil, purification of leakage, There are activated carbon used in the treatment of PCB-containing substances, etc., and PCB contaminants such as waste clay, waste waste, and work clothes. Currently, these are strictly stored, but prompt PCB processing is desired.
[0006]
Conventionally, contaminants such as a transformer and a condenser container to which the PCB is attached are conventionally put into a heating furnace 11 of a cleaning device 10 as shown in FIG. Is depressurized to a high vacuum, and the inside is heated to a high temperature by the heater 11a, so that the adhered PCB is separated and adsorbed and removed in the activated carbon tank 15, thereby being washed. I have. In FIG. 4, 13 is a scrubber, and 14 is a cooler.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional cleaning apparatus 10 as described above, since the PCB detached from the contaminated substance 1 is adsorbed and removed by the activated carbon, there is a difficulty in the post-treatment of the activated carbon adsorbing the PCB.
[0008]
Such a problem is not limited to the case where the PCB that has been desorbed by heating the contaminated substance 1 is removed by adsorbing it on activated carbon, and the harmful organic substance contained in the gas is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent. In such a case, it occurs in the same manner as in the case described above.
[0009]
Therefore, it is strongly desired that harmful organic substances contained in the gas can be treated without being adsorbed by the adsorbent.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A first invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a device for decomposing harmful organic substances in a gas, the device comprising: a conductive member contacted by the gas; and an electromagnetic device for electromagnetically heating the conductive member. And an induction heating means.
[0011]
According to a second aspect, in the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the first aspect, the conductive member has a rod shape, and the gas flows while making the gas contact the outer peripheral surface of the conductive member along the longitudinal direction. Gas distribution means for causing the gas to flow.
[0012]
A third invention is the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the second invention, wherein the gas circulation means is a gas circulation pipe provided with the conductive member therein, and the electromagnetic induction heating means is A work coil wound around the conductive member; and an AC power supply connected to the work coil.
[0013]
A fourth invention is directed to the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the first invention, wherein the conductive member has a cylindrical shape, and allows the gas to flow through the inside of the conductive member and the inside of the conductive member. Gas distribution means for guiding the gas having flowed through.
[0014]
A fifth invention is the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the fourth invention, wherein the gas distribution means is a gas supply pipe communicating with one end of the conductive member, and the other end of the conductive member. The electromagnetic induction heating means includes a work coil wound around the conductive member, and an AC power supply connected to the work coil.
[0015]
A sixth invention is a cleaning apparatus using the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the present invention, wherein a heating furnace for heating the inside by placing the contaminated substance to which the harmful organic substance adheres is placed inside, Exhaust means connected to the inside of the heating furnace to exhaust the inside of the heating furnace, and decomposition of the harmful organic substance according to any one of the first to fifth inventions provided between the heating furnace and the exhaust means And a device.
[0016]
A seventh invention is the cleaning device according to the sixth invention, wherein the harmful organic substance is a polychlorinated biphenyl, and is disposed between the harmful organic substance decomposition device and the exhaust means to cool exhaust gas. And an alkali treatment means disposed between the cooling means and the exhaust means for bringing the exhaust gas into contact with an alkali.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a harmful organic substance decomposition apparatus and a cleaning apparatus using the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0018]
[First embodiment]
A first embodiment of a harmful organic substance decomposition apparatus and a cleaning apparatus using the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cleaning device, and FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a harmful organic substance decomposition device.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 1, in a cleaning apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, a contaminated object 1 such as a transformer or a container of a capacitor to which PCB which is a harmful organic substance adheres is placed inside and heats the inside. The heating furnace 110, an exhaust pump 134 which is connected to the inside of the heating furnace 110 and exhausts the inside of the heating furnace 110, and is provided between the heating furnace 110 and the exhaust pump 134 to remove PCB in the exhaust gas. A scavenger 131 disposed between the harmful organic substance decomposer 120 and the heating furnace 110 for cleaning and removing fine particles in exhaust gas; and a harmful organic substance decomposer. A cooler 132 which is disposed between the exhaust pump 134 and the cooling unit 132 and serves as a cooling means for cooling the exhaust gas. And a alkali processor 133 is an alkaline processing means for contacting.
[0020]
The heating furnace 110 includes a furnace body 111 having a cylindrical shape with both ends opened, lid members 112 provided at both ends of the furnace body 111 so as to be openable and closable, and a heater 113 attached to the furnace body 111. It has.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 2, the harmful organic substance decomposing device 120 is connected to a rod-shaped conductive member 121 with which exhaust gas comes into contact, a work coil 122 wound around the conductive member 121, and a work coil 122. A high-frequency AC power supply 123, and a gas distribution pipe 124 that is a gas distribution means that has the conductive member 121 disposed therein and allows exhaust gas to flow while making contact with the outer peripheral surface of the conductive member 121 along the longitudinal direction. It has. In the present embodiment, the work coil 122, the high-frequency AC power supply 123, and the like constitute an electromagnetic induction heating unit that heats the conductive member 121 by electromagnetic induction.
[0022]
The alkali treatment device 133 makes the exhaust gas come into contact with the alkali by bubbling the exhaust gas into an aqueous solution of an alkali such as sodium hydroxide or showering the aqueous solution to the exhaust gas. Chlorine and the like can be removed from the exhaust gas.
[0023]
Next, a cleaning method according to the present embodiment using such a cleaning apparatus 100 will be described.
[0024]
After the lid member 112 of the heating furnace 110 is opened and the contaminated object 1 is placed in the furnace main body 111, the lid member 112 is closed, and then the heater 113 is operated to heat the inside of the furnace main body 111, When the inside of the heating furnace 110 is evacuated to a high vacuum by operating the exhaust pump 134, the contaminated substance 1 is heated by the heat from the heater 113, and the PCB attached to the surface is separated and washed. Be purified.
[0025]
The gas in the heating furnace 110 including the PCB separated from the contaminated substance 1 is exhausted from the inside of the heating furnace 110 by exhaustion by the exhaust pump 134, and after the fine particles and the like are washed and removed by the scrubber 131, the harmful organic substance is removed. The gas flows into the gas flow pipe 124 of the decomposition device 120 and flows while contacting the outer peripheral surface of the conductive member 121 along the longitudinal direction.
[0026]
Here, the high-frequency AC power supply 123 of the harmful organic substance decomposer 120 is operated to supply a high-frequency (about 400 kHz) current to the work coil 122, so that the conductive member 121 is rapidly heated to a high temperature (800 ° C.) by electromagnetic induction. ), The PCB in the gas is heated to a high temperature and decomposed to the atomic level.
[0027]
The gas obtained by thermally decomposing the PCB to the atomic level flows into the cooler 132 from the gas flow pipe 124, is cooled, and after being removed from the system by removing chlorine and the like in the alkali treatment device 133, is discharged out of the system. You.
[0028]
That is, in the present embodiment, the PCB in the exhaust gas is decomposed to the atomic level by using the high-temperature heating by the electromagnetic induction to remove the PCB from the gas.
[0029]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to eliminate the removal of the PCB detached from the contaminated substance 1 by the adsorbent such as activated carbon, so that the post-treatment of the adsorbent becomes unnecessary, and the cleaning process is troublesome. And cost can be significantly reduced.
[0030]
[Second embodiment]
A second embodiment of the harmful organic substance decomposition apparatus and the cleaning apparatus using the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of the harmful organic substance decomposition device. However, for the same parts as in the case of the first embodiment described above, by using the same signs as those used in the description of the first embodiment, the first A description overlapping with the description of the embodiment will be omitted.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 3, the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus 220 according to the present embodiment includes a cylindrical conductive member 221 with which exhaust gas contacts, a work coil 122 wound around the conductive member 121, and A high-frequency AC power supply 123 connected to the work coil 122, a gas supply pipe 224 a that communicates with one end of the conductive member 221 to allow exhaust gas to flow inside the conductive member 221, and the other end of the conductive member 221. And a gas delivery pipe 224b that communicates with the side and guides the exhaust gas flowing through the inside of the conductive member 221.
[0032]
The conductive member 221 has an opening at one end, a closing at the other end, and a plurality of holes 221a communicating between the inside and the outside formed on the peripheral surface near the other end.
[0033]
The gas supply pipe 224a is connected to one end of the conductive member 221. The gas delivery pipe 224b covers a portion near the other end of the conductive member 221 so as to communicate with the other end of the conductive member 221 via the nozzle hole 221a of the conductive member 221. In this embodiment, the gas supply means is constituted by the gas supply pipe 224a, the gas delivery pipe 224b, and the like.
[0034]
That is, the cleaning apparatus according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which the harmful organic substance decomposition apparatus 220 is applied instead of the harmful organic substance decomposition apparatus 120 in the cleaning apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment described above. It is.
[0035]
In this embodiment, in the same manner as in the first embodiment described above, the contaminated object 1 is placed in the furnace main body 111 of the heating furnace 110 and heated, and the heating furnace 110 is heated. The inside of the furnace is evacuated to a high vacuum, thereby heating the contaminated object 1 to separate and clean and purify the PCB adhering to the surface, and a heating furnace 110 including the PCB separated from the contaminated object 1. The gas inside is circulated through the scrubber 131 from the gas supply pipe 224a of the harmful organic substance decomposer 220 to the inside of the conductive member 221 along the longitudinal direction.
[0036]
Here, as in the case of the above-described first embodiment, the high-frequency AC power supply 123 of the harmful organic substance decomposing device 220 is operated to supply a high-frequency (about 400 kHz) current to the work coil 122, and the conductive By causing the conductive member 221 to rapidly generate heat to a high temperature (800 ° C. or higher) by the electromagnetic induction action, the PCB in the gas flowing inside the conductive member 221 is heated to a high temperature and decomposed to the atomic level. The gas obtained by decomposing the PCB flows out from the hole 221a of the conductive member 221 into the gas delivery pipe 224b, and is processed in the same manner as in the above-described first embodiment.
[0037]
That is, in the first embodiment described above, the exhaust gas is circulated so as to be brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the conductive member 121 to be thermally decomposed, but in the present embodiment, the conductive member 221 The exhaust gas was circulated so as to be in contact with the inner peripheral surface to be thermally decomposed.
[0038]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the same effect as in the case of the above-described first embodiment can be obtained.
[0039]
[Other embodiments]
In the first and second embodiments described above, the work coil 122 is provided so as to be wound around the magnetic members 121 and 221. However, as another embodiment, the work coil 122 is provided near the magnetic members 121 and 221. It is also possible to arrange so that the work coil 122 is simply located at the first position. However, if the work coil 122 is disposed so as to be wound around the magnetic members 121 and 221 as in the first and second embodiments described above, the electromagnetic induction effect can be used most efficiently. And more preferable results can be obtained.
[0040]
In the above-described first and second embodiments, the harmful organic substance decomposing devices 120 and 220 are used in the cleaning device for heating and cleaning the contaminated material 1 such as the transformer and the container of the capacitor to which the PCB is attached. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be used sufficiently if a harmful organic substance in a gas is decomposed.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
A harmful organic substance decomposing device according to a first aspect of the present invention is a device for decomposing harmful organic substances in a gas, comprising: a conductive member in contact with the gas; and electromagnetic induction heating means for electromagnetically heating the conductive member. , The harmful organic substances in the gas can be decomposed to the atomic level by using high-temperature heating by electromagnetic induction, so that harmful organic substances can be quickly and easily removed from the gas. Can be.
[0042]
According to a second aspect, in the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the first aspect, the conductive member has a rod shape, and the gas flows while making the gas contact the outer peripheral surface of the conductive member along the longitudinal direction. Since the gas circulation means is provided, the gas can be easily and reliably heated by utilizing the electromagnetic induction.
[0043]
A third invention is the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the second invention, wherein the gas circulation means is a gas circulation pipe provided with the conductive member therein, and the electromagnetic induction heating means is Since a work coil wound around the conductive member and an AC power supply connected to the work coil are provided, it is easy and reliable to efficiently heat the gas by using electromagnetic induction. it can.
[0044]
A fourth invention is directed to the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the first invention, wherein the conductive member has a cylindrical shape, and allows the gas to flow through the inside of the conductive member and the inside of the conductive member. Since the gas circulation means for guiding the gas having passed through is provided, the gas can be easily and reliably heated by utilizing the electromagnetic induction.
[0045]
A fifth invention is the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the fourth invention, wherein the gas distribution means is a gas supply pipe communicating with one end of the conductive member, and the other end of the conductive member. A gas delivery pipe for communication, and the electromagnetic induction heating means includes a work coil wound around the conductive member, and an AC power supply connected to the work coil. The gas can be used to heat the gas efficiently and simply.
[0046]
A sixth invention is a cleaning apparatus using the harmful organic substance decomposing apparatus according to the present invention, wherein a heating furnace for heating the inside by placing the contaminated substance to which the harmful organic substance adheres is placed inside, Exhaust means connected to the inside of the heating furnace to exhaust the inside of the heating furnace, and decomposition of the harmful organic substance according to any one of the first to fifth inventions provided between the heating furnace and the exhaust means Since it is equipped with a device, it is possible to decompose harmful organic substances from contaminated substances generated from the heating furnace, eliminating the conventional removal of harmful organic substances by adsorption with activated carbon or other adsorbents. And the labor and cost for the cleaning process can be significantly reduced.
[0047]
A seventh invention is the cleaning device according to the sixth invention, wherein the harmful organic substance is a polychlorinated biphenyl, and is disposed between the harmful organic substance decomposition device and the exhaust means to cool exhaust gas. Cooling means, and an alkali treatment means disposed between the cooling means and the exhaust means for bringing the exhaust gas into contact with an alkali. Detoxification of containers and the like of equipment can be performed relatively easily.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first embodiment of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first embodiment of a harmful organic substance decomposition apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the harmful organic substance decomposition device according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example of a conventional cleaning device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Contaminated material 100 Cleaning device 110 Heating furnace 111 Furnace main body 112 Cover member 113 Heater 120 Decomposition device for harmful organic substances 121 Conductive member 122 Work coil 123 High frequency AC power supply 124 Gas flow pipe 131 Scrubber 132 Cooler 133 Alkaline processor 134 Exhaust pump 220 Harmful organic substance decomposition device 221 Conductive member 221a Hole 224a Gas supply pipe 224b Gas delivery pipe

Claims (7)

A device that decomposes harmful organic substances in gas,
A conductive member with which the gas contacts,
An apparatus for decomposing harmful organic substances, comprising: electromagnetic induction heating means for electromagnetically heating the conductive member. In claim 1,
The conductive member has a rod shape,
An apparatus for decomposing harmful organic substances, comprising: gas distribution means for causing the gas to flow while making contact with the outer peripheral surface of the conductive member along the longitudinal direction. In claim 2,
The gas flow means is a gas flow pipe in which the conductive member is disposed,
The electromagnetic induction heating means,
A work coil wound around the conductive member,
An apparatus for decomposing harmful organic substances, comprising: an AC power supply connected to the work coil. In claim 1,
The conductive member has a cylindrical shape,
An apparatus for decomposing harmful organic substances, comprising: gas distribution means for distributing the gas inside the conductive member and guiding the gas flowing inside the conductive member. In claim 4,
The gas distribution means,
A gas supply pipe communicating with one end of the conductive member,
A gas delivery pipe communicating with the other end of the conductive member,
The electromagnetic induction heating means,
A work coil wound around the conductive member,
An apparatus for decomposing harmful organic substances, comprising: an AC power supply connected to the work coil. A heating furnace for heating the inside by placing the contaminated material with the harmful organic substance therein,
Exhaust means connected to the inside of the heating furnace to exhaust the inside of the heating furnace;
A cleaning apparatus, comprising: the harmful organic substance decomposition apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, provided between the heating furnace and the exhaust unit. In claim 6,
The harmful organic substance is a polychlorinated biphenyl,
Cooling means disposed between the harmful organic substance decomposition device and the exhaust means to cool exhaust gas,
A cleaning apparatus, comprising: an alkali treatment unit disposed between the cooling unit and the exhaust unit to contact the exhaust with alkali.

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