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GB2584920A - Energy Storage apparatus - Google Patents

Energy Storage apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2584920A
GB2584920A GB1912648.1A GB201912648A GB2584920A GB 2584920 A GB2584920 A GB 2584920A GB 201912648 A GB201912648 A GB 201912648A GB 2584920 A GB2584920 A GB 2584920A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
module
module according
data
battery unit
rectifier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB1912648.1A
Other versions
GB201912648D0 (en
GB2584920B (en
Inventor
Mcdonald Ian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Future Transp Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Future Transp Systems Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Future Transp Systems Ltd filed Critical Future Transp Systems Ltd
Priority to GB1912648.1A priority Critical patent/GB2584920B/en
Publication of GB201912648D0 publication Critical patent/GB201912648D0/en
Priority to PCT/GB2020/052106 priority patent/WO2021044145A1/en
Publication of GB2584920A publication Critical patent/GB2584920A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2584920B publication Critical patent/GB2584920B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L2012/40208—Bus networks characterized by the use of a particular bus standard
    • H04L2012/40215—Controller Area Network CAN
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

A module for storing electrical energy in at least one battery unit, the battery unit being adapted to transmit and receive data to and from a controller via a data bus, said data being arranged according to a standard protocol adapted for use with the at least one battery unit, and wherein the battery unit can be controlled by the controller, characterised in that the controller is adapted to transmit and receive data to and from more than one battery unit and adapted to control more than one battery unit without requiring addressing information from the or each battery unit. The controller may be a CAN to CAN module which may comprise a plurality of opto-isolators each connected to a battery unit. Each battery unit may be connected via a DC line to an inverter/rectifier for transmission of electrical energy.

Description

Energy storage apparatus
Field of the invention
The present inventive concept relates to the storage of electrical energy.
Background to the invention
The challenges around storage of electrical energy are well established. Electrical energy cannot be stored as such, and therefore traditionally mains electricity has been generated "on demand". As the world seeks renewable energy supplies, which are often electricity generation arises from solar or wind power sources, the need arises to time-shift electricity generated to periods of high demand.
One particularly active field of research and development in such storage means is based around battery storage.
It is further known that batteries used in electric vehicles are often retired from the respective vehicle before the batteries themselves have ceased to be useful for electrical storage. Repurposing electric vehicle batteries leads to the term "second life" batteries, -2 -a field in which such batteries are used for a second purpose rather than being dismantled for recycling or disposal.
Summary of Invention
The present inventive concept provides a module for storing electrical energy in at least one battery unit, the battery unit being adapted to transmit and receive data to and from a controller via a data bus, said data being arranged according to a standard protocol adapted for use with the at least one battery unit, and wherein the battery unit can be controlled by the controller, characterised in that the controller is adapted to transmit and receive data to and from more than one battery unit and adapted to control more than one battery unit without requiring addressing information from the or each battery unit.
Batteries designed for electric vehicles tend to be supplied as a sealed unit including a battery as such and a control system. Such battery units tend to be adapted to communicate with other vehicle systems using a Controller Area Network (CAN) data bus protocol, or similar. Because such battery units are generally designed to operate as a single unit within a substantially closed network environment (the vehicle itself) they are generally not adapted to operate within wider networks. This can be problematic when repurposing such battery units for "second Life" applications. Especially, bringing such battery units into a wider network addressing scheme can be problematic.
Suitably addressing a battery unit is vital for such repurposing without the need to dismantle the battery unit.
Previous disclosures have suggested placing an intermediary CAN interface between each battery unit and a wider network. Thus, a CAN interface would present a suitable address to the wider network and communicate directly with a single battery unit. This is a resource-intensive proposal because each battery unit requires a dedicated CAN interface.
Thus, the present inventive concept enables a controller to interface with more than one battery unit without an intermediary CAN interface. -3 -
The controller may be a CAN to CAN module. Multiple battery units may feed information simultaneously into the CAN to CAN module, which can pool data from the battery units, identify each data stream and its origin, and can simultaneously stream the aggregated data out on a single CAN bus. This reduces the need for specific CAN interfaces to each battery unit.
The CAN to CAN module may comprise a plurality of opto-isolators. These enable the CAN to CAN module to transfer signals between a battery unit and the wider module indirectly. In other words, the or each battery unit is not directly electrically connected to the controller. Each opto-isolator may be connected to a battery unit. Such a connection between opto-isolator and battery unit may be described as a CAN line. The CAN to CAN module may be adapted to receive data from battery units by way of multiplex scanning of CAN lines.
As an example, a CAN to CAN module may be adapted to receive data from three battery units by way of multiplex scanning of CAN lines.
The CAN to CAN module may be adapted to transmit data to a CAN server. Thus, data received from battery units by the CAN to CAN module can be transmitted to a CAN server.
The CAN server may in turn be connected to a wider network. The CAN server comprises an input/output (I/O) interface.
The CAN server may be adapted to have intrinsic processing capability and to manage system sub-routines as well as monitor/respond to discrepancies/errors within the connected controller area network(s).
The CAN lines and connections related thereto so far described provide data transmission. Each battery unit may be further connected via a Direct Current (DC) line to an inverter/rectifier for transmission of substantive electrical energy.
One or more battery units may be arranged as a string, the string being connected to an inverter/rectifier by a DC line. Such a DC line may be selectably connected to or disconnected from a respective inverter/rectifier.
Thus, a string may be connected to or disconnected from an inverter/rectifier selectably. -4 -
More than one string may be provided. An inverter/rectifier may be selectably connected to or disconnected from an individual string. Thus, an inverter/rectifier can in effect switch from being connected from one string to another. This enables maintenance of a stable input or output of electrical energy, substantially independently of the specific battery unit or units being used to provide an input or output.
For example, during a storage mode of operation, the present module may receive electrical energy from the wider electricity grid at a stable and predetermined rate with the management of the charging of specific batteries being managed "behind the scenes" in a way that does not disrupt the rate of input of electrical energy. Likewise, during a release mode of operation, the present module may output electrical energy to the wider electricity grid at a stable and predetermined rate with the management of the discharge of specific batteries being managed "behind the scenes" in a way that does not disrupt the rate of output of electrical energy.
The or each inverter/rectifier may in turn be in communication with the CAN server.
Such communication between an inverter/rectifier may provide for a safety supervisor signal communication. DC power input and output to the battery units may alternatively or additionally be via a DC power distribution unit.
The or each inverter/rectifier may be in communication with a gateway module. Optionally, such communication may be via a CAN line. The gateway module may in turn be connected to a wider network.
The gateway module may be adapted to process power demands broadcast via the data network and selectably connect or disconnect a string to or from an inverter/rectifier or vary the power to or from the attached string.
The module may comprise pairs of inverters/rectifiers with common Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) connections.
The module may further comprise a Power Control Module (PCM).
The CAN server may also be adapted to act as a buffer for the PCM. The CAN server may be adapted to perform the task of a safety watchdog. This safety watchdog task -5 -would have been undertaken by CAN traps in prior art arrangements. Such CAN traps are not required in the present inventive concept.
The module may further comprise a data transmission network. The data transmission network may apply a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to transmit data between components of the module.
Thus, the PCM, the gateway module and the CAN server may be in data communication with one another.
The PCM may be adapted to monitor data streams from all batteries within the data network and connect or disconnect all or any string from any inverter/rectifier. The PCM thus may maintain the battery parameters to comply with their design parameters, efficiency and maximise life expectancy.
The module may further comprise a router. The router may be in data communication with other components of the module. The router may be common to more than one module. Thus, a router may provide a data connection between modules.
The module may further comprise a Human Machine Interface (HMI).
The HMI may be in data communication with other components of the module.
The CAN server may be in data communication with the PCM. The CAN server may be in data communication with the gateway module.
The present module may be used in conjunction with further modules.
Modules may be in data communication with each other. Similar modules may apply a transmission control protocol to communicate with each other.
The PCM may be adapted to operate selectably in a "master" mode or a "slave" mode.
When two or more modules are used in conjunction with one another, a single "master" is needed. All other modules must operate in "slave" mode.
In "master" mode, a PCM sets addressing and other relevant data communication schema for any other module which is in "slave" mode. -6 -
A HMI of a module may be adapted to nominate which PCM is the "master". All other PCMs may be set automatically into "slave" mode, consequently.
Thus, the present inventive concept provides for a scalable apparatus comprising more than one module of the type described.
The or each module may be adapted to connect to an AC Low voltage (for example, of the order of 400V nominal) synchronised (V,I,Coso, KVAr and Frequency) 3 phase, 3 or 4 wire power bus. In turn, such a power bus may be connected to further modules.
Detailed description of the invention
An exemplary embodiment of a module of the present inventive concept will now be described in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawing, Figure 1, which shows a schematic representation of the said embodiment.
In Figure 1, solid lines show substantive, i.e. power transmitting, electrical connections within the module; broken lines show data communication connections except in the case of the labelled 400 VAC supply.
Battery units 60 and 61, 70 and 71, and 80 and 81 are arranged in pairs to form strings. Battery units 60 and 61 form a string; battery units 70 and 71 form a string; and battery units 80 and 81 form a string. For each string the constituent battery units are connected together electrically. Each string is in turn selectably connected to an inverter/rectifier (shown for strings 60, 61 and 70, 71). Pairs of inverters/rectifiers 35, 36 are in communication with a gateway module 300, which is in turn connected to other components of the module by way of a data network, managed by a TCP ("MODBUS").
Each battery unit 60, 61, 70, 71, 80, 81 is in data communication with an opto-isolator via a CAN Line. Opto-isolators are grouped in sets of three to form a CAN to CAN module 230, 235 so that three battery units are connected to a CAN to CAN module 230, 235.
The CAN to CAN modules 230, 235 are in turn in data communication with a CAN server 250. The CAN server 250 is in turn connected to other components of the module by way of the data network. The CAN server has intrinsic processing capability and can manage system sub-routines as well as monitor/respond to discrepancies/errors within the connected controller area network(s).
A PCM 50 connects to other components by way of the data network.
A router 10 connects to other components by way of the data network. A HMI 40 connects to other components by way of the data network.
In use, the CAN to CAN modules multiplex scan the CAN lines to which they are respectively connected, thereby receiving relevant data from the respective battery units 60, 61, 70, 71, 80, 81. The CAN to CAN modules pass relevant data to the CAN server, in turn.
The CAN server is -as mentioned above -connected to other components by way of the data network. Especially, the CAN server is connected to the PCM 50 and gateway module 300.
Data received from the respective battery units 60, 61, 70, 71, 80, 81 thus informs the PCM 50 and enables the control of the flow of electrical energy to and from the strings 60 and 61, 70 and 71, 80 and 81. The PCM 50 is adapted to monitor data streams from all batteries within the data network and connects or disconnect all or any string from any inverter/rectifier. The PCM maintains the battery parameters to comply with their design parameters, efficiency and maximise life expectancy.
The gateway module 300 processes power demands broadcast via the data network and selectably connect or disconnect a string to or from an inverter/rectifier or varies the power to or from the attached string. -8 -

Claims (24)

  1. Claims 1. A module for storing electrical energy in at least one battery unit, the battery unit being adapted to transmit and receive data to and from a controller via a data bus, said data being arranged according to a standard protocol adapted for use with the at least one battery unit, and wherein the battery unit can be controlled by the controller, characterised in that the controller is adapted to transmit and receive data to and from more than one battery unit and adapted to control more than one battery unit without requiring addressing information from the or each battery unit.
  2. 2. A module according to claim 1, wherein the controller is a CAN to CAN module.
  3. 3. A module according to claim 2, wherein multiple battery units feed information simultaneously into the CAN to CAN module, to pool data from the battery units, identify each data stream and its origin, and simultaneously stream the aggregated data out on a single CAN bus.
  4. 4. A module according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the CAN to CAN module comprises a plurality of opto-isolators.
  5. 5. A module according to claim 4, wherein each opto-isolator is connected to a battery unit.
  6. 6. A module according to any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the CAN to CAN module is adapted to receive data from battery units by way of multiplex scanning of CAN lines.
  7. 7. A module according to any of claims 2 to 6, wherein the module further comprises a CAN server and the CAN to CAN module is adapted to transmit data to the CAN server.
  8. 8. A module according to claim 7, wherein the CAN server is adapted to have intrinsic processing capability and to manage system sub-routines as well as monitor/respond to discrepancies/errors within the connected controller area network(s). -9 -
  9. 9. A module according to any preceding claim, wherein each battery unit is further connected via a Direct Current (DC) line to an inverter/rectifier for transmission of substantive electrical energy.
  10. 10. A module according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of battery units are arranged as a string, the string being connected to an inverter/rectifier by a DC line.
  11. 11. A module according to claim 10, wherein a DC Line of a string may be selectably connected to or disconnected from a respective inverter/rectifier.
  12. 12. A module according to claim 10 or 11, having more than one string.
  13. 13. A module according to any of claims 9 to 12 when read appendant to claim 7, wherein the or each inverter/rectifier is in communication with the CAN server.
  14. 14. A module according any of claims 10 to 13, wherein the or each inverter/rectifier is in communication with a gateway module.
  15. 15. A module according to claim 14, wherein the gateway module is adapted to process power demands broadcast via the data network and selectably connect or disconnect a string to or from an inverter/rectifier or vary the power to or from the attached string.
  16. 16. A module according to any preceding claim, comprising pairs of inverters/rectifiers with common Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) connections.
  17. 17. A module according to any preceding claim, further comprising a Power Control Module (PCM).
  18. 18. A module according to claim 17 when read appendant to claim 7, wherein the CAN server is adapted to act as a buffer for the PCM.
  19. 19. A module according to claim 18, wherein the CAN server is adapted to perform the task of a safety watchdog.
  20. 20. A module according to any of claims 17 to 19, wherein the PCM is adapted to operate selectably in a "master" mode or a "slave" mode.
  21. 21. A module according to any preceding claim, further comprising a data transmission network.
  22. 22. A module according to any of claims 17 to 20 when read appendant to claim 21, wherein the PCM is adapted to monitor data streams from all batteries within the data network and connect or disconnect all or any string from any inverter/rectifier.
  23. 23. A module according to any preceding claim, further comprising a router adapted to be in data communication with other components of the module.
  24. 24. A module according to any preceding claim, further comprising a Human Machine Interface (HMI) adapted to be in data communication with other components of the module.
GB1912648.1A 2019-09-03 2019-09-03 Energy Storage apparatus Active GB2584920B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1912648.1A GB2584920B (en) 2019-09-03 2019-09-03 Energy Storage apparatus
PCT/GB2020/052106 WO2021044145A1 (en) 2019-09-03 2020-09-03 Energy storage apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1912648.1A GB2584920B (en) 2019-09-03 2019-09-03 Energy Storage apparatus

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201912648D0 GB201912648D0 (en) 2019-10-16
GB2584920A true GB2584920A (en) 2020-12-23
GB2584920B GB2584920B (en) 2021-08-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1912648.1A Active GB2584920B (en) 2019-09-03 2019-09-03 Energy Storage apparatus

Country Status (2)

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GB (1) GB2584920B (en)
WO (1) WO2021044145A1 (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002110259A (en) * 2000-09-28 2002-04-12 Hitachi Ltd Storage battery device
EP1289096A2 (en) * 2001-08-29 2003-03-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Battery apparatus for controlling plural batteries and control method of plural batteries
US20060007622A1 (en) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-12 Kimihiko Furukawa Car power source apparatus
US20130241491A1 (en) * 2012-03-19 2013-09-19 Jianguo Hu Balanced battery pack system based on two-way energy transfer
WO2018222536A1 (en) * 2017-05-30 2018-12-06 General Electric Company Maximum power point tracking hybrid control of an energy storage system

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US8593015B2 (en) * 2010-10-28 2013-11-26 A123 Systems Llc Battery balancing system
JP5777439B2 (en) * 2011-07-29 2015-09-09 株式会社東芝 Power storage system
KR101416798B1 (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-07-09 에스케이씨앤씨 주식회사 Battery management system and method with a hierarchical structure
US9780578B2 (en) * 2013-10-25 2017-10-03 Lg Chem, Ltd. Battery management system for transmitting secondary protection signal and diagnosis signal using a small number of insulation elements
US9882401B2 (en) * 2015-11-04 2018-01-30 Powin Energy Corporation Battery energy storage system
CN108550930B (en) * 2018-06-01 2024-04-09 安徽嘉奇能源科技有限公司 Bridging manager, bridging system and bridging method based on retired power battery pack

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002110259A (en) * 2000-09-28 2002-04-12 Hitachi Ltd Storage battery device
EP1289096A2 (en) * 2001-08-29 2003-03-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Battery apparatus for controlling plural batteries and control method of plural batteries
US20060007622A1 (en) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-12 Kimihiko Furukawa Car power source apparatus
US20130241491A1 (en) * 2012-03-19 2013-09-19 Jianguo Hu Balanced battery pack system based on two-way energy transfer
WO2018222536A1 (en) * 2017-05-30 2018-12-06 General Electric Company Maximum power point tracking hybrid control of an energy storage system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201912648D0 (en) 2019-10-16
WO2021044145A1 (en) 2021-03-11
GB2584920B (en) 2021-08-18

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